Academic literature on the topic 'Web services adaptation'
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Journal articles on the topic "Web services adaptation"
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Velasco-Olvera, Margarita, David While, and Pathmeswaran Raju. "Web Services Adaptation at Policy Layer." International Journal of Multimedia and Image Processing 4, no. 3/4 (September 1, 2014): 226–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20533/ijmip.2042.4647.2014.0028.
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Abbasi Tehrani, Najme, and Afshin Salajegheh. "Aspectual Patterns for Web Services Adaptation." International Journal on Web Service Computing 6, no. 2/3 (September 30, 2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijwsc.2015.6301.
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Fatma, Achour, Anis Jedidi, and Faiez Gargouri. "Semantic Web service and pervasive information system conceptual adaptation." International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications 12, no. 4 (November 7, 2016): 466–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpcc-12-2015-0040.
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Purpose One of the open questions is how to ensure the conceptual adaptation in the pervasive system. To answer this question, the authors needed to propose a generic model and a mechanism to describe this system and also need generic and semantic rules to ensure the adaptation. This paper aims to propose a model to describe the pervasive information system. Second, the authors suggest an approach to divide this model so as to describe each category of contextual information separately and ensure the adaptation in the pervasive system. Finally, the authors present examples of semantic rules executed in the pervasive system. Design/methodology/approach This paper proposes an approach to ensure the conceptual adaptation in the pervasive system. To do it, the authors proposed a model to design the pervasive system and used semantic Web services. They proposed to divide the model to six descriptions related to the pervasive system categories information. Findings Pervasive information system, conceptual adaptation, semantic Web services and OWL-S are presented in this paper. Originality/value The originality of this paper is presented in the purpose of the pervasive information system conceptual adaption in the pervasive system. In this, later, semantic Web services were used to ensure the adaptation by the adding of contextual information in the semantic Web service description.
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Shargabi, Bassam Al, Osama Al-haj Hassan, Alia Sabri, and Asim El Sheikh. "Quality-of-Service Based Web Service Composition and Execution Framework." International Journal of Information Technology and Web Engineering 6, no. 3 (July 2011): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jitwe.2011070104.
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Software is gradually becoming more built by composing web services to support enterprise applications integration; thus, making the process of composing web services a significant topic. The Quality of Service (QoS) in web service composition plays a crucial role. As such, it is important to guarantee, monitor, and enforce QoS and ability to handle failures during execution. Therefore, an urgent need exists for a dynamic Web Service Composition and Execution (WSCE) framework based on QoS constraints. A WSCE broker is designed to maintain the following function: intelligent web service selection decisions based on local QoS for individual web service or global QoS based selection for composed web services, execution tracking, and adaptation. A QoS certifier controlled by the UDDI registry is proposed to verify the claimed QoS attributes. The authors evaluate the composition plan along with performance time analysis.
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Shang, Zong Min. "Exception Handling in Service-Based Business Processes by Applying Adaptation Planning Graph." Applied Mechanics and Materials 241-244 (December 2012): 2982–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.241-244.2982.
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This paper proposes an exception handling mechanism based on Adaptation Planning Graph for service-based business processes. A three-layer representation model of service-based business process is introduced firstly. And then, Logic Model of Service-based Business Process and Adaptation Planning Graph are introduced to enforce reliability of composite Web Services at run-time. Simulations prove that this approach can efficiently guarantee the reliability of composite services at run-time.
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Pahl, Claus, and Luke Collins. "Software Service Adaptation Based on Interface Localisation." International Journal of Systems and Service-Oriented Engineering 5, no. 1 (January 2015): 16–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijssoe.2015010102.
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The aim of Web services is the provision of software services to a range of different users in different locations. Service localisation in this context can facilitate the internationalisation and localisation of services by allowing their adaption to different locales. The authors investigate three dimensions: (i) lingual localisation by providing service-level language translation techniques to adopt services to different languages, (ii) regulatory localisation by providing standards-based mappings to achieve regulatory compliance with regionally varying laws, standards and regulations, and (iii) social localisation by taking into account preferences and customs for individuals and the groups or communities in which they participate. The objective is to support and implement an explicit modelling of aspects that are relevant to localisation and runtime support consisting of tools and middleware services to automating the deployment based on models of locales, driven by the two localisation dimensions. The authors focus here on an ontology-based conceptual information model that integrates locale specification into service architectures in a coherent way.
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Elgedawy, Islam. "Web Services Conversation Adaptation Using Conditional Substitution Semantics of Application Domain Concepts." ISRN Software Engineering 2013 (October 9, 2013): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/408267.
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Internet of Services (IoS) vision allows users to allocate and consume different web services on the fly without any prior knowledge regarding the chosen services. Such chosen services should automatically interact with one another in a transparent manner to accomplish the required users' goals. As services are chosen on the fly, service conversations are not necessarily compatible due to incompatibilities between services signatures and/or conversation protocols, creating obstacles for realizing the IoS vision. One approach for overcoming this problem is to use conversation adapters. However, such conversion adapters must be automatically created on the fly as chosen services are only known at run time. Existing approaches for automatic adapter generation are syntactic and very limited; hence they cannot be adopted in such dynamic environments. To overcome such limitation, this paper proposes a novel approach for automatic adapter generation that uses conditional substitution semantics between application domain concepts and operations to automatically generate the adapter conversion functions. Such conditional substitution semantics are captured using a concepts substitutability enhanced graph required to be part of application domain ontologies. Experiments results show that the proposed approach provides more accurate conversation adaptation results when compared against existing syntactic adapter generation approaches.
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Awadid, Afef, and Sonia Ayachi Gnannouchi. "Approach Based on Web Services for Business Process Adaptation." Procedia Computer Science 64 (2015): 832–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.08.635.
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Bendekkoum, Soumia, Mahmoud Boufaida, and Lionel Seinturier. "An Approach Based on Service Components for Adapting Web-Oriented Applications." International Journal of Information Technology and Web Engineering 11, no. 1 (January 2016): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitwe.2016010101.
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Service Oriented Architecture is a software design paradigm of choice for building and integrating distributed Information Systems. The greatest challenge of SOA is to make the system more flexible and adaptable to the enterprise and user environment changes. However, services can change constantly. These changes are produced due to adjustment in structure, e.g., changing service signature, integrating new services into existing business services; in behavior e.g., adding new business rules in simple or composite services; and in interaction schema between the services and the clients. This paper presents a solution based on service component concepts for dealing with changes confined to services and clients in SOA-based applications. It uses service components concepts to define adaptable services that facilitate the extension and the customization of existing services in harmony with service users. In addition, it presents an adaptation service-oriented lifecycle scenario to control service changes in the entire service lifecycle ranging from the announcement to the execution phase
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Živković, Miroslav, and Hans van den Berg. "Revenue Optimization of Service Compositions using Conditional Request Retries." International Journal of Web Services Research 10, no. 2 (April 2013): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jwsr.2013040101.
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Due to the inherent stochastic nature of services execution environment within service oriented systems, a runtime adaptation of the given composition may be required. The authors investigate a runtime service adaptation mechanism based on conditional retries for orchestrated web services. The conditional retry may be issued while a concrete service within composition is executed. The retry could either invoke the same concrete service or a functionally equivalent web service that implements the same task. The authors use dynamic programming to determine the optimal time instances at which the current request should be terminated before request replication. The calculation takes into account different QoS parameters like services' response-time distributions and cost-related parameters, and the solution optimizes the expected revenue of the composite service provider. The authors illustrate the benefits of their approach by numerical calculations, and discuss the impact of considered QoS parameters to the solution at hand.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Web services adaptation"
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Wong, Ka Wah. "Web services adaptation by using Web application wrapper /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?COMP%202004%20WONG.
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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 68-70). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Iyer, Anand. "Evaluation and Adaptation of Web Services." Queensland University of Technology, 2003. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15813/.
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One of the main aims of Component adaptation [Szy97] is to help application developers reuse components so that they can plug-in third party components into their application. This research concentrates on this type of adaptation but in the context of Web Services. Web Services are becoming increasingly popular. Web Services often fit the requirements of being a component, and can be reused in a very similar manner. Hence there is a requirement for adaptation of Web Services just as there is the need for adaptation of software components. There are now quite a few adaptation techniques, but few of them have identified adaptation techniques for Web Services. This approach to adaptation allows for the modification of data and behaviour of existing Web Services. The approach to adaptation uses eXtensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) transformation applied to the message passed between Web Services. These messages are commonly in XML format, hence XSL can be used to modify them. The application of the transformation is guided by a specification written in XML. The adaptation is executed by a generic runtime system that uses these specifications which are referred to as Guiding Specifications. This has been demonstrated by way of a motivating real world example implemented on the .Net platform. It is shown how an adapter can be specified using a simplistic Guiding Specification and related XSLT documents. This allows the implementation to work more efficiently than hand coding each adapter. It is the underlying generic runtime support that provides much of this benefit. Component based software engineering (CBSE) constructs applications by assembling components together, CBSE has been of great help to application developers due to the very fact that tailor made components can be purchased from third party vendors and can be plugged-in to a system to form a working application. But in practice 'as-is' reuse is very unlikely to occur, and most components need to be changed in some way to match the requirements of the application architecture and other components. The process of changing thecomponent for use in a particular application is often referred to as Component Adaptation.
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Lawson, K. L. "Knowledge-based Web services for context adaptation." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444447/.
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The need for higher value, reliable online services to promote new Internet-based business models is a requirement facing many technologists and business leaders. This need coupled with the trend towards greater mobility of networked devices and consumers creates significant challenges for current and future systems developers. The proliferation of mobile devices and the variability of their capabilities present an overwhelming number of options to systems designers and engineers who are tasked with the development of next generation context adaptive software services. Given the dynamic nature of this environment, implementing solutions for the current set of devices in the held makes an assumption that this deployment situation is somehow fixed this assumption does little to support the future and longer term needs within the marketplace. To add to the complexity, the timeframes necessary to develop robust and adaptive online software services can be long by comparison, so that the development projects and their resources are often behind on platform support before the first release is launched to the public. New approaches and methodologies for engineering dynamic and adaptive online services will be necessary and, as will be shown, are in fact mandated by the regulation imposed by service level guarantees. These new techniques and technology are commercially useless unless they can be used in engineering practice. New context adaptation processes and architectures must be capable of performing under strict service level agreements those that will undoubtedly govern future business relationships between online parties. This programme of engineering study and research investigates several key issues found in the emerging area of context adaptation services for online mobile networks. As a series of engineering investigations, the work described here involves a wider array of technical activity than found in traditional doctoral work and this is reflected throughout the dissertation. First, a clear definition of industrial motivation is stated to provide the engineering foundation. Next, the programme focuses on the nature of contextual adaptation through product development projects. The development process within these projects results in several issues with the commercial feasibility of the technology. From this point, the programme of study then progresses through the lifecycle of the engineering process, investigating at each stage the critical engineering challenges. Further analysis of the problems and possible solutions for deploying such adaptive solutions are reviewed and experiments are undertaken in the areas of systems component and performance analysis. System-wide architectural options are then evaluated with specific interest in using knowledge-base systems as one approach to solving some of the issues in context adaptation. The central hypothesis is that due to the dynamic nature of context parameters, the concept of a mobile device knowledge base as a necessary component of an architectural solution is presented and justified through prototyping efforts. The utility of web ontologies and other "soft computing" technologies on the nature of the solution are also examined through the review of relevant work and the engineering design of the demonstration system. These technology selections are supported directly by the industrial context and mission. In the final sections, the architecture is evaluated through the demonstration of promising techniques and methods in order to confirm understanding and to evaluate the use of knowledge-bases, AI and other technologies within the scope of the project. Through the implementation of a context adaptation architecture as a business process workflow, the impact of future trends of device reconfiguration are highlighted and discussed. To address the challenge of context adaptation in reconftgurable device architectures, an evolutionary computation approach is then presented as a means to provide an optimal baseline on which a service may execute. These last two techniques are discussed and new designs are proposed to specifically address the major issues uncovered in timely collection and evaluation of contextual parameters in a mobile service network. The programme summary and future work then brings together all the key results into a practitioner's reference guide for the creation of online context adaptive services with a greater degree of intelligence and maintainability while executing with the term of a service level agreement.
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Wang, Kenneth W. S. "Interface adaptation for conversational services." Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/18465/.
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The proliferation of services on the web is leading to the formation of service ecosystems wherein services interact with one another in ways not foreseen during their development or deployment. This means that over its lifetime, a service is likely to be reused across multiple interactions, such that in each of them a different interface is required from it. Implementing, testing, deploying, and maintaining adapters to deal with this multiplicity of required interfaces can be costly and error-prone. The problem is compounded in the case of services that do not follow simple request-response interactions, but instead engage in conversations comprising arbitrary patterns of message exchanges. A key challenge in this setting is service mediation: the act of retrofitting existing services by intercepting, storing, transforming, and (re-)routing messages going into and out of these services so they can interact in ways not originally foreseen. This thesis addresses one aspect of service mediation, namely service interface adaptation. This problem arises when the interface that a service provides does not match the interface that it is expected to provide in a given interaction. Specifically, the thesis focuses on the reconciliation of mismatches between behavioural interfaces, that is, interfaces that capture ordering constraints between message exchanges. We develop three complementary proposals. Firstly, we propose a visual language for specifying adapters for conversational services. The language is based on a an algebra of operators that are composed to define links between provided-required interfaces. These expressions are fed into an execution engine that intercepts, buffers, transforms and forwards messages to enact the adapter specification. Secondly, we endow such adapter specifications with a formal semantics defined in terms of Petri nets. The formal semantics is used to statically check the correctness of adapter specifications. Finally, we propose an alternative approach to service interface adaptation that does not require hard-wired links between provided and required interfaces. This alternative approach is based on the definition of mapping rules between message types, and is embodied in an adaptation machine. The adaptation machine sits between pairs of services and manipulates the exchanged messages according to a repository of mapping rules. The adaptation machine is also able to detect deadlocks and information loss at runtime.
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Aschoff, Rafael Roque. "A proactive adaptation framework for composite web services." Thesis, City University London, 2014. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/13548/.
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Service orientation is a design paradigm consisting of a set of principles governed by a service-oriented architecture (SOA) to support the creation of software systems as a composition of interoperable services. The ability to effectively compose services is not a trivial task due to the dynamic nature of the execution environment of service compositions. In this context, dynamic service selection and composition is a critical requirement and one of the major research challenges for service-based systems. This research investigates the identification, detection and prediction of the need for adaptation as well as ways to autonomously reconfigure the service composition during its execution time in order to improve service reliability and conformance with systems requirements and policies. We propose a framework for proactive adaptation of service compositions that extends current approaches for dynamic service composition by proactively and individually identifying the need for adaptation for each parallel running instance of service composition while avoiding unnecessary changes and distributing load request among different service operations when necessary. Our framework has been tested and validated using different prototypes implemented in both simulated and real environments. The results were favourable with the research objectives and indicates a major gain in the use of the proposed proactive techniques in the execution and adaptation of web service compositions.
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Baptista, Adérito Herculano Sarmento. "Dynamic adaptation of interaction models for stateful web services." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/12042.
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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em
Engenharia InformáticaWireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are accepted as one of the fundamental technologies for current and future science in all domains, where WSNs formed from either static or mobile sensor devices allow a low cost high-resolution sensing of the environment. Such opens the possibility of developing new kinds of crucial applications or providing more accurate data to more traditional ones. For instance, examples may range from large-scale WSNs deployed on oceans contributing to weather prediction simulations; to high number of diverse Sensor devices deployed over a geographical area at different heights from the ground for collecting more accurate data for cyclic wildfire spread simulations; or to networks of mobile phone devices contributing to urban traffic management via Participatory Sensing applications. In order to simplify data access, network parameterisation, and WSNs aggregation, WSNs have been integrated in Web environments, namely through high level standard interfaces like Web services. However, the typical interface access usually supports a restricted number of interaction models and the available mechanisms for their run-time adaptation are still scarce. Nevertheless, applications demand a richer and more flexible control on interface accesses – e.g. such accesses may depend on contextual information and, consequently, may evolve in time. Additionally, Web services have become increasingly popular in the latest years, and their usage led to the need of aggregating and coordinating them and also to represent state in between Web services invocations. Current standard composition languages for Web services (wsbpel,wsci,bpml) deal with the traditional forms of service aggregation and coordination, while WS-Resource framework (wsrf) deals with accessing services pertaining state concerns (relating both executing applications and the runtime environment). Subjacent to the notion of service coordination is the need to capture dependencies among them (through the workflow concept, for instance), reuse common interaction models, e.g. embodied in common behavioural Patterns like Client/Server, Publish/- Subscriber, Stream, and respond to dynamic events in the system (novel user requests, service failures, etc.). Dynamic adaptation, in particular, is a pressing requirement for current service-based systems due to the increasing trend on XaaS ("everything as a service") which promises to reduce costs on application development and infrastructure support, as is already apparent in the Cloud computing domain. Therefore, the self-adaptive (or dynamic/adaptive) systems present themselves as a solution to the above concerns. However, since they comprise a vast area, this thesis only focus on self-adaptive software. Concretely, we propose a novel model for dynamic interactions, in particular with Stateful Web Services, i.e. services interfacing continued activities. The solution consists on a middleware prototype based on pattern abstractions which may be able to provide (novel) richer interaction models and a few structured dynamic adaptation mechanisms, which are captured in the context of a "Session" abstraction. The middleware was implemented and uses a pre-existent framework supporting Web enabled access to WSNs, and some evaluation scenarios were tested in this setting. Namely, this area was chosen as the application domain that contextualizes this work as it contributes to the development of increasingly important applications needing highresolution and low cost sensing of environment. The result is a novel way to specify richer and dynamic modes of accessing and acquiring data generated by WSNs.
Este trabalho foi parcialmente financiado pelo Centro de Informática e Tecnologias da Informação (CITI), e pela Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT / MCTES) em projectos de investigação
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Eslamichalandar, Maryam. "Web Service Composition Compatibility : adaptation in the presence of Business Protocol Evolution." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CNAM0998/document.
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Avec l’utilisation croissante d’architectures logicielles indépendantes de la plate-forme et du langage dans le paradigme de l’architecture orientée services (SOA), la technologie de services web permet l’interopérabilité dynamique et flexible des processus métiers aussi bien au niveau intra qu’inter-organisationnel. Bien que la normalisation des services web permet de réduire l’hétérogénéité et rend plus facile leur interopérabilité, il y a toujours besoin de vérifier leur compatibilité en particulier dans le contexte inter-entreprises. Deux services sont compatibles si une collaboration entre eux est accomplie avec succès et que chacun puisse atteindre ses résultats attendus (états finaux). L’approche typique devant permettre à des services incompatibles d’interagir correctement est l’adaptation du service. L’adaptation consiste dans ce contexte à faire face principalement aux discordances relevées au niveau des interfaces de service (incompatibilités entre signatures de services) ainsi qu’aux discordances qui ont lieu au niveau des protocoles métiers (incompatibilité dans l’ordre des messages échangés entre services). On distingue deux principales techniques d’adaptation: modification de service ou synthèse d’un composant adaptateur. L’adaptation en termes de modification de service exige l’application de certaines mesures d’optimisation pour supporter les spécifications du service partenaire. Dans le cas où l’adaptation traite de la création d’un adaptateur, un composant autonome modère les interactions entre les deux services de sorte que l’interopérabilité soit obtenue. En d’autres termes, l’adaptateur compense les différences entre interfaces de services par conversion de données (c’est-à-dire par transformation de message) et celles entre protocoles métiers en réorganisant les échanges de messages ou en générant un message manquant.Nous nous concentrons ici sur le problème de la reconfiguration dynamique de l’adaptateur en presence d’évolution de protocols métiers. Après avoir traité de la vérification d’un adaptateur en exploitant des techniques structurelles existantes développées dans le cadre de la théorie des réseaux de Petri, nous établissons une identification des patrons de mise à jour d’adaptateurs ainsi que la mise en correspondance de ces patrons avec les différents types d’évolutions possibles au niveau des protocoles métiers des services web. Ce travail a abouti à la proposition d’un algorithme permettant, d’une part de détecter les patrons d’évolution adéquats suite à une évolution d’un des protocoles métier des services partenaires et, d’autre part et sous certaines conditions, la mise à jour à la volée de la specification du nouvel adaptateur obtenu ainsi que sa verification.Enfin, les expérimentations réalisées sur un prototype montrent les avantages en termes de temps et de coût de l'approche dynamique proposée par rapport aux méthodes statiques conduisant systématiquement à la regeneration complète de l’adaptateurThe advent of Web service technologies in the paradigm of Service oriented architecture (SOA) enables dynamic and flexible interoperation of distributed business processes within and across organization boundaries. One of the challenges in working with heterogeneous and autonomous Web services is the need to ensure their interoperability and compatibility. The typical approach for enabling incompatible services to interact is service adaptation. The need for adaptation in Web services comes from the heterogeneity at the levels of service interface and business protocol. The service interface incompatibilities include service signature mismatches (e.g., message and operation name, number; the type of input/output message parameters of operations; and the parameter value constraint). The mismatches at the business protocol (or service behavior) level arise from the order constraints that services impose on messages exchanges (e.g., deadlock where both partner services are mutually waiting to receive some message from the other, and unspecified reception in which one service sends a message while the partner is not expecting it). In service interaction through adaptation, an adapter mediates the interactions between two services with potentially different interfaces and business protocols such that the interoperability is achieved, i.e., adapter compensates for the differences between their interfaces by data mappings, and between their business protocols by rearranging the messages exchanges or generating a missing message. In this dissertation, we focus on how to cope with the dynamic evolution of business protocol P of a given service (i.e., P is changed to P') that is adapted by an adapter in the context of service interaction. Web service specifications constantly evolve. For variety of reasons, service providers may change their business protocols. Therefore, it is important to understand the potential impacts of the changes arising from the evolution of service business protocol on the adapter.We present an approach to automatically detect the effects of business protocols evolution on the adapter and, if possible, to suggest fixes to update the specification of adapter on-the-fly. Besides, we propose a technique to verify the correctness of new adapter which is dynamically re-configured. Finally, we describe a prototype tool where experimentations show the benefits of proposed approach in terms of time and cost compared to the static methods aiming for complete regeneration of adapter or manual inspection and adaption of the adapter with respect to changes in the business protocols
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Motahari, Nezhad Hamid Reza Computer Science & Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Discovery and adaptation of process views." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Computer Science & Engineering, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41026.
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Business process analysis and integration are key endeavours for today's enterprises. Recently, Web services have been widely adopted for the implementation and integration of business processes within and across enterprises. In this dissertation, we investigate the problem of enabling the analysis of service interactions, in today's enterprises, in the context of business process executions, and that of service integration. Our study shows that only fraction of interactions in the enterprise are supported by process-aware systems. However, enabling above-mentioned analyses requires: (i) a model of the underlying business process to be used as a reference for the analysis, and (ii) the ability to correlate events generated during service interactions into process instances. We refer to a process model and the corresponding process instances as a "process view". We propose the concept of process space to refer to all process related information sources in the enterprise, over which various process views are defined. We propose the design and development of a system called "process space discovery system" (PSDS) for discovering process views in a process space. We introduce novel approaches for the correlation of events into process instances, focusing on the public processes of Web services (business protocols), and also for the discovery of the business protocol models from the process instances of a process view. Analysis of service integration approaches shows that while standardisation in Web services simplifies the integration in the communication level, at the higher levels of abstractions (e.g., services interfaces and protocol models) services are still open to heterogeneities. We characterise the mismatches between service interfaces and protocol specifications and introduce "mismatch patterns" to represent them. A mismatch pattern also includes an adapter template that aims at the resolution of the captured mismatch. We also propose semi-automated approaches for identifying the mismatches between interface and protocol specifications of two services. The proposed approaches have been implemented in prototype tools, and experimentally validated on synthetic and real-world datasets. The discovered process views, using PSDS, can be used to perform various analyses in an enterprise, and the proposed adaptation approach facilitates the adoption of Web services in business process integration.
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Kazi, Aoul Zakia Aoul. "Une archietecture orientée services pour la fourniture de documents multimédia composés adaptables." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004172.
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L'échange de documents multimédia composés de plusieurs médias élémentaires tels que des vidéos, des images ou du texte, est l'une des applications les plus populaires d'Internet. Idéalement, tout usager d'Internet devrait pouvoir accéder à ces contenus et les recevoir dans un format adapté au contexte dans lequel il travaille. Un contexte utilisateur peut être défini par les caractéristiques personnelles de l'utilisateur (ex : sa langue parlée, son handicap et ses centres d'intérêt), ses préférences de présentation des contenus multimédia (ex : son lecteur multimédia préféré ou la taille d'image souhaitée), les capacités de son terminal (ex : la taille de l'écran du terminal ou les lecteurs multimédia présents) et les caractéristiques de son réseau d'accès (ex : la bande passante). Compte tenu de la combinatoire des éléments de contexte, il n'est pas envisageable de fournir autant de versions des documents multimédia que de contextes possibles : l'adaptation des contenus est donc nécessaire. L'accroissement des utilisateurs des terminaux à capacités réduites tels que les assistants personnels (par ex. PDA) exclut une adaptation côté client (ou utilisateur final). L'adaptation, côté source du document multimédia, nécessite l'implémentation de modules supplémentaires qui n'est pas toujours possible et qui peut créer une charge supplémentaire indésirable. L'adaptation par un ou plusieurs intermédiaires répond le mieux aux besoins de passage à l'échelle et d'extensibilité. Une machine intermédiaire est un nœud inséré entre le client et le serveur et dédié, par exemple, à la découverte ou à l'adaptation de services (ex : réduction de la taille d'une image ou traduction et insertion de sous-titres au sein d'une vidéo). L'intermédiation ainsi réalisée apporte une valeur ajoutée en évitant de charger l'utilisateur final et la source du document de tâches spécifiques consommatrices de ressources sans rapport direct avec le service final offert. Cette approche est celle qui est prise dans la plupart des solutions existantes. Celles-ci utilisent des intermédiaires dédiés. Il en résulte une configuration d'adaptation figée ne garantissant pas la gestion de nouvelles techniques d'adaptation (ex : les adaptations relatives à l'handicap) et ne passant pas à l'échelle. Certaines solutions, basées sur ce même modèle, intègrent l'adaptation distribuée en répartissant la charge entre les intermédiaires qui réalisent l'adaptation. Elles ne traitent cependant pas la gestion dynamique des adaptateurs qui consiste à aller chercher des adaptateurs dans le réseau, les composer et les recomposer dynamiquement en cas de disparition. Elles ne traitent pas non plus l'adaptation des documents multimédia composés qui demande un effort supplémentaire d'analyse du document et de synchronisation des médias élémentaires le composant. La première contribution de cette thèse est la conception d'une architecture appelée PAAM (pour Architecture for the Provision of AdAptable Multimedia composed documents) qui a pour but d'adapter des documents multimédia composés au contexte des usagers. L'une des originalités de cette architecture est de mettre en place une adaptation distribuée sur différents nœuds du réseau en évitant de confier l'adaptation à un serveur ou à un intermédiaire dédié. La plate-forme d'adaptation de PAAM intègre aussi bien des fournisseurs de services d'adaptation que des particuliers qui se porteraient volontaires pour exécuter des fonctions d'adaptation en donnant un peu de leurs ressources matérielles et logicielles. Les principaux éléments fonctionnels de PAAM sont : le gestionnaire du contexte utilisateur, le gestionnaire des documents multimédia composés, le planificateur et le gestionnaire d'adaptation. Le gestionnaire du contexte utilisateur et le gestionnaire des documents multimédia composés récupèrent, analysent et agrégent respectivement les informations contextuelles de l'utilisateur et les informations descriptives des documents multimédia. Le planificateur implémente un algorithme de prise de décision reposant sur des politiques d'adaptation. Ce planificateur produit un graphe d'adaptation, c'est-à-dire un ensemble d'adaptateurs organisés en parallèle ou en séquence. Ce graphe est utilisé en entrée du gestionnaire d'adaptation qui recherche ces adaptateurs là où ils se trouvent, les instancie, les compose, si nécessaire, et les recompose si un ou plusieurs adaptateurs disparaissent. Nous avons choisi d'utiliser les services Web pour implémenter PAAM afin qu'elle soit distribué, extensible, modulable, tolérante aux fautes et passant à l'échelle, répondant ainsi aux limitations des autres architectures d'adaptation. Cette solution technologique permet à PAAM de décrire des ressources d'adaptation, de les publier, de les rechercher et les instancier. Dans le cadre de la composition et de l'orchestration des services Web, nous présentons BPEL (Business Process Execution Language) et son éventuelle intégration au sein d'un gestionnaire d'adaptation pour gérer l'exécution d'un graphe d'adaptation. La seconde contribution de cette thèse est la gestion des adaptateurs (description, recherche et instanciation). Nous proposons, pour cela, une nomenclature incluant un grand nombre d'adaptateurs. Nous proposons aussi une description d'adaptateurs qui étend WSDL, et qui facilite la recherche, l'instanciation et la composition de ces ressources d'adaptation. Nous exposons par la suite le protocole de négociation et d'acceptation établi entre un gestionnaire d'adaptation et un adaptateur permettant de déterminer si cet adaptateur peut réaliser l'adaptation ou non. PAAM gérant l'adaptation distribuée sur différents nœuds du réseau, susceptibles de se déconnecter à chaque instant, nous proposons des solutions pour gérer les déconnexions dans PAAM afin de lui procurer un aspect dynamique. Afin de démontrer la faisabilité de notre architecture, nous implémentons une chaîne d'adaptation complète incluant les principales fonctionnalités de PAAM : le gestionnaire du contexte utilisateur, le gestionnaire des documents multimédia composés, le planificateur et le gestionnaire d'adaptation. Nous présentons, par la suite, une étude des coûts induits par notre implémentation de PAAM et des tests de performances qui montrent que l'utilisation des services Web n'introduit pas de surcoûts significatifs par rapport au gain obtenu en distribuant l'adaptation sur différents nœuds. Pour conclure, parce qu'elle permet de gérer une grande variété d'adaptateurs de manière distribuée, l'architecture PAAM répond bien aux limitations des architectures d'adaptation basées sur une configuration client/serveur. L'intérêt de cette approche est la possibilité d'étendre et d'enrichir le système d'adaptation et de le déployer à large échelle tout en garantissant sa robustesse.
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Lopez-Velasco, Céline. "Sélection et composition de services Web pour la génération d'applications adaptées au contexte d'utilisation." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00388991.
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Ce travail se situe dans le domaine de la conception des applications à base d'architecture orientée services adaptées au contexte d'utilisation. Ce type d'architecture permet les échanges entre les fournisseurs de services et les clients qui conçoivent de telles applications. Afin que les clients trouvent le service correspondant aux mieux à leurs besoins, les services doivent être décrits par leur fournisseur selon un processus standard. Ceci permet à ces services d'être réutilisés, découverts et composés. La combinaison de ces services doit apporter un résultat adapté au contexte d'utilisation (l'utilisateur, la localisation, le temps, et le dispositif utilisé). Nous proposons dans ce travail une solution qui englobe les processus de description, de recherche, et de composition de services, en ajoutant de manière transversale l'adaptation au contexte d'utilisation.Le standard de description de services Web WSDL ne permet qu'une représentation des aspects fonctionnels des services (méthode, paramètres échangés, et protocole d'accès). Afin de faciliter les étapes de recherche et de sélection effectuées par les clients, la représentation de services doit être enrichie des aspects liés au domaine d'application auquel les services sont dédiés, les aspects non fonctionnels (tels que la description du fournisseur et des contraintes d'exécution) et le contexte d'utilisation auquel les services s'adaptent. Le modèle de représentation de services Web proposé, appelé WSR-Model, fournit l'ensemble de ces catégories d'informations afin que les fournisseurs publient leurs services et que les clients réalisent les étapes de recherche et de sélection. Ce modèle est opérationnalisé via le système de représentation de connaissances par objets AROM qui implémente le registre de services Web, que nous nommons WSR.
La composition de services Web repose sur une description de la planification des services et sur l'exécution de cette planification. À ce jour, les solutions existantes ne prennent pas en compte l'évolutivité de la composition et la prise en compte de l'adaptation au contexte d'utilisation lors des phases de description et d'exécution de la composition. Nous proposons un modèle de composition de services Web, appelé ProbCWS, qui s'appuie sur les méthodes de résolution de problèmes à base de modèle de tâches. La définition de la composition est définie comme un problème à résoudre, dont les tâches de résolution de plus faible granularité sont des services Web. La plate-forme de génération d'applications adaptées, nommée GenAWS et intégrant ProbCWS, fournit aux clients un moyen de composer à la volée des applications adaptées. La mise en oeuvre de GenAWS est réalisée, entre autres, par le langage de résolution de problèmes AROMTasks, sous-jacent au système AROM.
Books on the topic "Web services adaptation"
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van den Bosch, Matilda, and William Bird, eds. Oxford Textbook of Nature and Public Health. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198725916.001.0001.
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Much literature on environmental health has described threats from the environment. The Oxford Textbook of Nature and Public Health: The Role of Nature in Improving the Health of a Population focuses on the role of nature for our health and well-being by demonstrating how we can gain multiple health benefits from nature, and how much we risk losing by destroying our surrounding natural environment. Providing a broad and inclusive picture of the multifaceted relation between human health and natural environments, the books covers all aspects of this relationship ranging from disease prevention; through physical activity in green spaces, to ecosystem services like climate change adaptation by urban trees preventing heat stress in hot climates. Nature’s potential hazardous consequences are also discussed including natural disasters, vector-borne pathogens, and allergies.
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Byman, Daniel. Al Qaeda, the Islamic State, and the Global Jihadist Movement. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190217259.001.0001.
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On the morning of September 11, 2001, the entire world was introduced to Al Qaeda and its enigmatic leader, Osama bin Laden. But the organization that changed the face of terrorism forever and unleashed a whirlwind of counterterrorism activity and two major wars had been on the scene long before that eventful morning. In Al Qaeda, the Islamic State, and the Global Jihadist Movement: What Everyone Needs to Know, Daniel L. Byman, an eminent scholar of Middle East terrorism and international security who served on the 9/11 Commission, provides a sharp and concise overview of Al Qaeda, from its humble origins in the mountains of Afghanistan to the present, explaining its perseverance and adaptation since 9/11 and the limits of U.S. and allied counterterrorism efforts. The organization that would come to be known as Al Qaeda traces its roots to the anti-Soviet jihad in Afghanistan in the 1980s. Founded as the Soviets withdrew from Afghanistan, Al Qaeda achieved a degree of international notoriety with a series of spectacular attacks in the 1990s; however, it was the dramatic assaults on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on 9/11 that truly launched Al Qaeda onto the global stage. The attacks endowed the organization with world-historical importance and provoked an overwhelming counterattack by the United States and other western countries. Within a year of 9/11, the core of Al Qaeda had been chased out of Afghanistan and into a variety of refuges across the Muslim world. Splinter groups and franchised offshoots were active in the 2000s in countries like Pakistan, Iraq, and Yemen, but by early 2011, after more than a decade of relentless counterterrorism efforts by the United States and other Western military and intelligence services, most felt that Al Qaeda's moment had passed. With the death of Osama bin Laden in May of that year, many predicted that Al Qaeda was in its death throes. Shockingly, Al Qaeda has staged a remarkable comeback in the last few years. In almost every conflict in the Muslim world, from portions of the Xanjing region in northwest China to the African subcontinent, Al Qaeda franchises or like-minded groups have played a role. Al Qaeda's extreme Salafist ideology continues to appeal to radicalized Sunni Muslims throughout the world, and it has successfully altered its organizational structure so that it can both weather America's enduring full-spectrum assault and tailor its message to specific audiences. Authoritative and highly readable, Byman's account offers readers insightful and penetrating answers to the fundamental questions about Al Qaeda: who they are, where they came from, where they're going-and, perhaps most critically-what we can do about it.
Book chapters on the topic "Web services adaptation"
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Kongdenfha, Woralak, Hamid R. Motahari-Nezhad, Boualem Benatallah, and Regis Saint-Paul. "Web Service Adaptation: Mismatch Patterns and Semi-Automated Approach to Mismatch Identification and Adapter Development." In Web Services Foundations, 245–72. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7518-7_10.
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Paralič, Marek, Peter Bednár, and Ján Paralič. "Personalized and Adaptive Access to Services – The Semantic Web Services Approach." In Semantic Hyper/Multimedia Adaptation, 231–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28977-4_8.
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Padovani, Luca. "Contract-Based Discovery and Adaptation of Web Services." In Formal Methods for Web Services, 213–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01918-0_6.
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Jannach, Dietmar, Klaus Leopold, Christian Timmerer, and Hermann Hellwagner. "Toward Semantic Web Services for Multimedia Adaptation." In Web Information Systems – WISE 2004, 641–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30480-7_66.
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Paques, Henrique, Ling Liu, and Calton Pu. "Adaptation Space: A Design Framework for Adaptive Web Services." In Web Services - ICWS-Europe 2003, 49–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-39872-1_5.
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Pernici, Barbara, and S. Hossein Siadat. "Adaptation of Web Services Based on QoS Satisfaction." In Service-Oriented Computing, 65–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19394-1_8.
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Williams, Stuart K., Steven A. Battle, and Javier Esplugas Cuadrado. "Protocol Mediation for Adaptation in Semantic Web Services." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 635–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11762256_46.
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Partarakis, Nikolaos, Constantina Doulgeraki, Asterios Leonidis, Margherita Antona, and Constantine Stephanidis. "User Interface Adaptation of Web-Based Services on the Semantic Web." In Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Intelligent and Ubiquitous Interaction Environments, 711–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02710-9_79.
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Barkaoui, Kamel, and Maryam Eslamichalandar. "Software Architecture: Service Adaptation Techniques in the Context of Web Services Composition." In Software Architecture 1, 211–40. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118930960.ch6.
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Scheinert, Martin, Hardy Pundt, and Andrea Heilmann. "Geo-Web Services and New Exchange Formats to Develop Future Services Supporting Climate Change Adaptation Measures." In University Initiatives in Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation, 317–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89590-1_18.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Web services adaptation"
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Velasco, Margarita, David While, and Pathmeswaran Raju. "Adaptation of Web services using policies." In 2013 IEEE Third International Conference on Information Science and Technology (ICIST). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icist.2013.6747567.
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Velasco, Margarita, David While, and Pathmeswaran Raju. "Adaptation of Web services using policies." In 2013 8th International Conference for Internet Technology and Secured Transactions (ICITST). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icitst.2013.6750218.
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Laleh, Touraj, Joey Paquet, Serguei Mokhov, and Yuhong Yan. "Constraint Adaptation in Web Service Composition." In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Services Computing (SCC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/scc.2017.27.
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Ponnalagu, Karthikeyan, and Jayatheerthan R. Krishnamurthy. "Aspect-oriented Approach for Non-functional Adaptation of Composite Web Services." In 2007 IEEE Congress on Services (Services 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/services.2007.18.
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Lu, Qinghua. "Autonomic Business-Driven Decision Making for Adaptation of Web Service Compositions." In 2011 IEEE World Congress on Services (SERVICES). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/services.2011.17.
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Shan, Zhe, Akhil Kumar, and Paul Grefen. "Towards Integrated Service Adaptation A New Approach Combining Message and Control Flow Adaptation." In 2010 IEEE International Conference on Web Services (ICWS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icws.2010.89.
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Qiao, Ming, Ferhat Khendek, Adel Serhani, Rachida Dssouli, and Roch Glitho. "Automatic QoS adaptation for composite web services." In 2008 International Conference on Innovations in Information Technology (IIT). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/innovations.2008.4781692.
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"CONTENT PACKAGE ADAPTATION: A WEB SERVICES APPROACH." In 7th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0002529302380243.
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Wang, Kenneth, Marlon Dumas, Chun Ouyang, and Julien Vayssière. "The Service Adaptation Machine." In 2008 IEEE Sixth European Conference on Web Services (ECOWS). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecows.2008.23.
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Kuang, Li, Shuiguang Deng, Jian Wu, and Ying Li. "Towards Adaptation of Service Interface Semantics." In 2009 IEEE International Conference on Web Services (ICWS). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icws.2009.45.
Full textReports on the topic "Web services adaptation"
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Venäläinen, Ari, Sanna Luhtala, Mikko Laapas, Otto Hyvärinen, Hilppa Gregow, Mikko Strahlendorff, Mikko Peltoniemi, et al. Sää- ja ilmastotiedot sekä uudet palvelut auttavat metsäbiotaloutta sopeutumaan ilmastonmuutokseen. Finnish Meteorological Institute, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361317.
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Climate change will increase weather induced risks to forests, and thus effective adaptation measures are needed. In Säätyö project funded by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, we have summarized the data that facilitate adaptation measures, developed weather and climate services that benefit forestry, and mapped what kind of new weather and climate services are needed in forestry. In addition, we have recorded key further development needs to promote adaptation. The Säätyö project developed a service product describing the harvesting conditions of trees based on the soil moisture assessment. The output includes an analysis of the current situation and a 10-day forecast. In the project we also tested the usefulness of long forecasts beyond three months. The weather forecasting service is sidelined and supplemented by another co-operation project between the Finnish Meteorological Institute and Metsäteho called HarvesterSeasons (https://harvesterseasons.com/). The HarvesterSeasons service utilizes long-term forecasts of up to 6 months to assess terrain bearing conditions. A test version of a wind damage risk tool was developed in cooperation with the Department of Forest Sciences of the University of Eastern Finland and the Finnish Meteorological Institute. It can be used to calculate the wind speeds required in a forest area for wind damage (falling trees). It is currently only suitable for researcher use. In the Säätyö project the possibility of locating the most severe wind damage areas immediately after a storm was also tested. The method is based on the spatial interpolation of wind observations. The method was used to analyze storms that caused forest damages in the summer and fall of 2020. The produced maps were considered illustrative and useful to those responsible for compiling the situational picture. The accumulation of snow on tree branches, can be modeled using weather data such as rainfall, temperature, air humidity, and wind speed. In the Säätyö project, the snow damage risk assessment model was further developed in such a way that, in addition to the accumulated snow load amount, the characteristics of the stand and the variations in terrain height were also taken into account. According to the verification performed, the importance of abiotic factors increased under extreme snow load conditions (winter 2017-2018). In ordinary winters, the importance of biotic factors was emphasized. According to the comparison, the actual snow damage could be explained well with the tested model. In the interviews and workshop, the uses of information products, their benefits, the conditions for their introduction and development opportunities were mapped. According to the results, diverse uses and benefits of information products and services were seen. Information products would make it possible to develop proactive forest management, which would reduce the economic costs caused by wind and snow damages. A more up-to-date understanding of harvesting conditions, enabled by information products, would enhance the implementation of harvesting and harvesting operations and the management of timber stocks, as well as reduce terrain, trunk and root damage. According to the study, the introduction of information is particularly affected by the availability of timeliness. Although the interviewees were not currently willing to pay for the information products developed in the project, the interviews highlighted several suggestions for the development of information products, which could make it possible to commercialize them.
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Michalak, Julia, Josh Lawler, John Gross, and Caitlin Littlefield. A strategic analysis of climate vulnerability of national park resources and values. National Park Service, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2287214.
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The U.S. national parks have experienced significant climate-change impacts and rapid, on-going changes are expected to continue. Despite the significant climate-change vulnerabilities facing parks, relatively few parks have conducted comprehensive climate-change vulnerability assessments, defined as assessments that synthesize vulnerability information from a wide range of sources, identify key climate-change impacts, and prioritize vulnerable park resources (Michalak et al. In review). In recognition that funding and planning capacity is limited, this project was initiated to identify geographies, parks, and issues that are high priorities for conducting climate-change vulnerability assessments (CCVA) and strategies to efficiently address the need for CCVAs across all U.S. National Park Service (NPS) park units (hereafter “parks”) and all resources. To help identify priority geographies and issues, we quantitatively assessed the relative magnitude of vulnerability factors potentially affecting park resources and values. We identified multiple vulnerability factors (e.g., temperature change, wildfire potential, number of at-risk species, etc.) and sought existing datasets that could be developed into indicators of these factors. To be included in the study, datasets had to be spatially explicit or already summarized for individual parks and provide consistent data for at least all parks within the contiguous U.S. (CONUS). The need for consistent data across such a large geographic extent limited the number of datasets that could be included, excluded some important drivers of climate-change vulnerability, and prevented adequate evaluation of some geographies. The lack of adequately-scaled data for many key vulnerability factors, such as freshwater flooding risks and increased storm activity, highlights the need for both data development and more detailed vulnerability assessments at local to regional scales where data for these factors may be available. In addition, most of the available data at this scale were related to climate-change exposures, with relatively little data available for factors associated with climate-change sensitivity or adaptive capacity. In particular, we lacked consistent data on the distribution or abundance of cultural resources or accessible data on infrastructure across all parks. We identified resource types, geographies, and critical vulnerability factors that lacked data for NPS’ consideration in addressing data gaps. Forty-seven indicators met our criteria, and these were combined into 21 climate-change vulnerability factors. Twenty-seven indicators representing 12 vulnerability factors addressed climate-change exposure (i.e., projected changes in climate conditions and impacts). A smaller number of indictors measured sensitivity (12 indicators representing 5 vulnerability factors). The sensitivity indicators often measured park or landscape characteristics which may make resources more or less responsive to climate changes (e.g., current air quality) as opposed to directly representing the sensitivity of specific resources within the park (e.g., a particular rare species or type of historical structure). Finally, 6 indicators representing 4 vulnerability factors measured external adaptive capacity for living resources (i.e., characteristics of the park and/or surrounding landscape which may facilitate or impede species adaptation to climate changes). We identified indicators relevant to three resource groups: terrestrial living, aquatic living (including living cultural resources such as culturally significant landscapes, plant, or animal species) and non-living resources (including infrastructure and non-living cultural resources such as historic buildings or archeological sites). We created separate indicator lists for each of these resource groups and analyzed them separately. To identify priority geographies within CONUS,...