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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Weather'
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1
Evarest, Sinkwembe Emanuel. "Modelling Weather Dynamics for Weather Derivatives Pricing." Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Matematisk statistik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-139253.
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This thesis focuses on developing an appropriate stochastic model for temperature dynamics as a means of pricing weather derivative contracts based on temperature. There are various methods for pricing weather derivatives ranging from simple one like historical burn analysis, which does not involve modeling the underlying weather variable to complex ones that require Monte Carlo simulations to achieve explicit weather derivatives contract prices, particularly the daily average temperature (DAT) dynamics models. Among various DAT models, appropriate regime switching models are considered relative better than single regime models due to its ability to capture most of the temperature dynamics features caused by urbanization, deforestation, clear skies and changes of measurement station. A new proposed model for DAT dynamics, is a two regime switching models with heteroskedastic mean-reverting process in the base regime and Brownian motion with nonzero drift in the shifted regime. Before using the model for pricing temperature derivative contracts, we compare the performance of the model with a benchmark model proposed by Elias et al. (2014), interms of the HDDs, CDDs and CAT indices. Using ve data sets from dierent measurement locations in Sweden, the results shows that, a two regime switching models with heteroskedastic mean-reverting process gives relatively better results than the model given by Elias et al. We develop mathematical expressions for pricing futures and option contracts on HDDs, CDDs and CAT indices. The local volatility nature of the model in the base regime captures very well the dynamics of the underlying process, thus leading to a better pricing processes for temperature derivatives contracts written on various index variables. We use the Monte Carlo simulation method for pricing weather derivatives call option contracts.
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Robon, Melissa. "Heavy weather." View electronic thesis, 2008. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2008-1/rp/robonm/melissarobon.pdf.
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Xu, Wei. "Weather derivatives." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15815.
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Wetter stellt für die Landwirtschaft einen Hauptunsicherheitsfaktor dar. Angesichts der Kli-maveränderung gilt es als wahrscheinlich, dass Wetterschwankungen und die Häufigkeit extremer Wetterereignisse in Zukunft zunehmen werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund spielt die Entwicklung von Wetterrisikomanagementinstrumenten eine wichtige Rolle zur Einkom-mensstabilisierung in der Landwirtschaft sowohl in entwickelten Volkswirtschaften als auch in Entwicklungsländern. Seit Mitte der neunziger Jahre werden auf Finanzmärkten sogenannte Wetterderivate angebo-ten, die den Austausch von Wetterrisiken zwischen Marktteilnehmern ermöglichen. Zielsetzung der vorliegenden Arbeits ist es, die Einsatzmöglichkeiten von Wetterderivaten in der Landwirtschaft zu untersuchen. Dazu sind verschiedene methodische Vorarbeiten zu leisten. Erstens, wird ein statistisches Modell benötigt, das die Unsicherheit des betrachteten Wetterereignisses (z.B. Temperatur oder Niederschlag) beschreibt. Zweitens, muss der Zusammenhang zwischen Wetter und landwirtschaftlicher Produkti-on abgebildet werden. Drittens, schließlich bedarf es eines theoretischen Modells, um das Wetterderivat zu bepreisen. Liegen die genannten Modellkomponenten vor, kann die Hedgingeffektivität eines Wetterde-rivats aus Sicht eines landwirtschaftlichen Produzenten bestimmt werden. Dies geschieht in der vorliegenden Arbeit beispielhaft für Getreideproduzenten in Deutschland. Es zeigt sich, dass die Hedgigeffektivität und damit die Zahlungsbereitschaft für Wetterderivate produkt- und regionsspezifisch ist. Angesichts eines ausgeprägten Basisrisikos ist es unwahrscheinlich, dass Wetterderivate in Deutschland eine breite Anwendung durch Landwirte erfahren werden. Ihr Anwendungspotenzial bei landwirtschaftlichen Versicherern und Rückversicheren er-scheint dagegen höher, da diese mit Hilfe von Wetterderivaten einen Teil ihres systematischen Risikos aus landwirtschaftlichen Ertragsversicherungen auf den Kapitalmarkt transferieren können.Weather is a major factor of uncertainty for agriculture. The effects of climate change means that it is likely that in the future there will be increased fluctuations in weather patterns and extreme meteorological events will become more regular. In this context, the development of weather risk management instruments plays an important role in the stabilising of incomes in the agricultural sector, both in developed economies as well as in developing countries. Since the mid-nineties, so-called weather derivatives have been emerged on the market which enables participants in the market to exchange weather risks. This work aims to investigate the implementation possibilities of weather derivatives in agriculture. A range of methodological preliminary investigations will be carried out. First of all it is necessary to find a statistical model which describes the uncertainty of observed weather events (e.g. temperature or precipitation). Secondly, the relationship between weather and agricultural production needs to be mapped. Thirdly, a theoretical model needs to be devised which is capable of pricing the weather derivatives. The hedging effectiveness of a weather derivative can be determined from the point of view of an agricultural producer using the model components described above. This study will use the example of grain producers in Germany. It will demonstrate that hedging effectiveness and with it willingness to pay for weather derivatives depends on the product and region. A pronounced basis risk means that it is unlikely that weather derivatives will be widely used by farmers in Germany. Their application potential for agricultural insurers and reinsurers, however, seems greater, since they can use weather derivatives to transfer a part of their systematic risk from agricultural income insurance onto the capital market.
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Ketsiri, Kingkan. "Weather exposure and the market price of weather risk." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3904.
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Whilst common intuition and the rapid growth of weather derivative practices effectively support the notion that equity returns are sensitive to weather randomness, empirical support is fragile. This thesis is the first study that investigates weather exposure and weather risk-return trade-off consistent with the arbitrage pricing theory (APT). It explores weather risk and its premium in the U.S. market during January 1980 to December 2009, based on three of the most weather-influenced industries. The research starts with the construction of ten seasonally-adjusted weather measures as the proxies of unexpected temperature, gauged in Fahrenheit degree and percentage terms. The weather exposures of individual firms are estimated based on each of the ten measures and the market return. Although average weather exposure coefficients are small, the number of firms with significant estimates is more than attributable to chance and results are more profound in utilities. The weather coefficients are mainly stable over the sample period, indicating that the introduction of weather derivatives does not significantly impact a firm’s weather exposure. Further investigation into summer and winter time reveals that most of the significant weather betas are found in winter. However, only a minority of firms have statistically different weather betas between the two seasons. Results are robust with respect to the ten measures. The finding that unpredictable weather broadly affects groups of stocks has a direct implication in asset prices, as weather risk may be one of the priced factors. In this study, the weather risk premium is estimated using the standard two-pass Fama and MacBeth (1973) methodology, enhanced with Shanken’s adjustments for the errors in variables problem. The tests are based on firm-level and portfolio-level regressions, assessed by different model specifications and repeated for the ten weather measures. In the unconditional setting, there is little support that the market price of weather risk is not zero. Although the estimates are insignificant, the magnitudes of weather premiums are relatively high compared with those of other macroeconomic factors in previous literature. Most of the estimated weather pricings are negative; thus, stocks exposed to weather should be hedged against an unanticipated increase in temperature. The main pricing results are robust to alternative sample sets, portfolio formations, base assets and weather measures. Nonetheless, the significance of weather premium is slightly affected by model specifications. In few cases, the pricings of weather risk are significant when the positive values of weather betas are used in cross-sectional regressions.
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ERIKSSON, CARL, and EMIL RONSTRÖM. "Natural language generated weather forecastfrom time series of weather data." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-157519.
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This thesis intends to determine how people understandand feel about natural language generated sentences, in this case natural language generated forecasts. This was done by building a server that pulled raw weather information from SMHI api, analysed it and generated weather forecasts.For evaluation, a survey was made and from the resulta conclusion was drawn that people are able to both understand and correlate the sentences that was generated to its information.
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Randalls, Samuel Cecil. "Firms finance and the weather : the UK weather derivatives market." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2006. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/327/.
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The spectre of climate change is motivating businesses to evaluate the weather sensitivity of their operations and earnings. Persistent changes in day-to-day weather, such as a warmer than average winter, may prove very costly for businesses and since 1997 a new financial market has grown up around the mitigation of these day-to-day weather risks. This weather derivatives market has expanded from being a small US energy product to become a $45.2 billion industry by 2006. In the process this commodification of weather indexes is re-valuing meteorological data, forecasts and expertise, as well as changing the ways in which firms have traditionally considered weather as unmanageable. This thesis presents an empirical examination of the weather derivatives market, particularly focusing upon the UK, drawing upon in-depth interviews with market participants. Setting this within the context of current theories in human geography and science studies, the research also illustrates the material and discursive implications weather derivatives are having not just on firms and meteorology, but also climate change policies.
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Castro, Cesar E. "Red Weather Sacrifice." NCSU, 2007. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-03132007-133325/.
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This collection of poems examines Latino migration to the United States from the perspective of a Central American immigrant on U.S. soil. The poems pay particular attention to the Mexican/American border landscape, the nostalgia of the homeland, the condition of Latino immigrants in the South, and the struggles associated with assimilation. Through surreal imagery, echoes of Latin-American poetry, and Mayan allusions, the poems represent the contemporary Latino experience: a battle of past, present, American, and Latin forces.
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Steyn, Herman. "All-Weather Portfolio." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/64821.
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The Weather Effect, where stock returns are affected by investors as a result of weatherinduced
mood changes, has been found on various stock exchanges. Pizulito and
Roncone (2016) argued that The Weather Effect could be a profitable market strategy.
This research report investigated the usefulness of this phenomenon for predicting future
returns on the JSE and thereby creating an investment style, through the use of the style
engine built by Muller and Ward (2013).
The research results revealed that the influence of the weather on stock returns is weak
at best and cannot be used as an investment style. Previous concerns, as raised by Kim
(2017) regarding data mining in providing evidence of The Weather Effect has been
confirmed by this studyMini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
lt2018
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted
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Brown, P., and B. Russell. "1993 Weather Conditions." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/209587.
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Abnormally high January and February rainfall will certainly be the most remember meteorological feature of 1993. This rainfall led to extensive flooding along the Gila River and its tributaries, and delayed field preparation in many areas. However, once the winter rains ended, weather conditions proved very favorable for cotton production. Warm, dry spring weather helped get the cotton crop off to a good start. Moderate summer temperatures and a late monsoon provided excellent weather conditions for setting fruit. The relatively short monsoon period was followed by an extended period of mild, dry weather which provided excellent conditions for finishing the crop. The only blemish on the fall weather pattern was a period of heavy rainfall in mid - November which delayed field operations in much of central Arizona.
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Brown, P., B. Russell, and J. Silvertooth. "1994 Weather Conditions." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/210249.
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The 1994 cotton production season began with near optimal weather conditions. Temperatures and precipitation during planting and early vegetative growth were near optimal levels and were generally near normal. Summer brought an extended period of high day and night temperatures which began in June and continued through September at most locations. The period of high temperature associated with the monsoon (July and August) coincided with a rapid decline in fruit retention across much of the state. While the monsoon provided the usual rise in night temperature and humidity, summer rainfall was relatively light at most locations. Early fall weather was warm and dry, providing generally good conditions for finishing the crop. Weather conditions then cooled dramatically in the late fall prior to the onset of heavy rains in December. The wet December conditions limited post harvest field work in many locations.
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Brown, P., B. Russell, and T. Machibya. "1995 Weather Conditions." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/210749.
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The 1995 cotton season proved to be one of the most challenging in marry years. Cold, dry spring weather delayed planting and forced many growers to replant a significant portion of their crop. The late crop then ran into extreme summer heat in July and August and very high August humidity. Daytime temperatures in excess of 120°F were reported in the low deserts in July and many locations reported extended periods with daytime temperatures above 1107. Poor fruit retention was a common grower observation as the summer heat continued The saving grace for 1995 proved to be warm and dry fall weather which assisted late season development and harvest operations.
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Brown, P., B. Russell, and T. Machibya. "1996 Weather Conditions." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/210927.
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Weather again presented significant challenges to Arizona cotton producers in 1996. Warm early season weather allowed most growers to plant earlier than normal and the 1996 crop moved through the first half of the season in excellent shape. The arrival of high monsoon humidity in early July combined with high July temperatures to create heat stress conditions which led to fruit shed at most central and western production areas. The stressful combination of humidity and temperature remained entrenched through much of July and August, creating generally poor fruiting conditions in both months. Monsoon activity continued through mid-September in many areas, then was followed by a month of generally good weather conditions for finishing the crop. Cool weather effectively ended the growing season after mid-October. The overall warm year produced seasonal heat unit accumulation well in excess of normal. Precipitation was generally well below normal, especially along the Colorado River.
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Cabrera, Brenda López. "Weather risk management." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16181.
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CAT-Bonds und Wetterderivate sind die Endprodukte eines Verbriefungprozesses, der nicht handelbare Risikofaktoren (Wetterschäden oder Naturkatastrophenschäden) in handelbare Finanzanlagen verwandelt. Als Ergebnis sind die Märkte für diese Produkte in der Regel unvollständig. Da geeignete Risikomaße in Bezug auf einen bestimmten Preis Voraussetzung sind zur Preisbestimmung, ist es notwendig den Marktpreis des Risikos (MPR), welcher ein wichtiger Parameter des zugehörigen äquivalenten Martingalmaß ist, zu berücksichtigen. Die Mehrheit der bisherigen Veröffentlichungen haben die Preise der nicht handelbaren Vermögenswerte mittels der Annahme geschätzt, dass der MPR gleich null ist. Diese Annahme verzerrt allerdings die Preise und wurde bisher noch nicht quantifiziert. Diese Doktorarbeit beschäftigt sich mit den Unterschieden zwischen dem historischen und dem risikoneutralen Verhalten der nicht handelbaren Basiswerte und gibt Einblicke in den Marktpreis für Wetterrisiko und die Wetterrisikoprämie. Diese Arbeit beginnt mit einer Darstellung der Instrumente zur Übertragung der Risiken, gefolgt von den finanziellen - statistischen Verfahren und endet mit einer Untersuchung reeller Daten, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf die implizierten Trigger-Intensitätsraten eines parametrischen CAT-Bond für Erdbeben und auf den MPR der Temperatur Derivate gelegt wird.CAT bonds and weather derivatives are end-products of a process known as securitization that transform non-tradable (natural catastrophes or weather related) risk factors into tradable financial assets. As a result the markets for such products are typically incomplete. Since appropiate measures of the risk associated to a particular price become necessary for pricing, one essentially needs to incorporate the market price of risk (MPR), which is an important parameter of the associated equivalent martingale measure. The majority of papers so far has priced non-tradable assets assuming zero MPR, but this assumption yields biased prices and has never been quantified earlier. This thesis deals with the differences between historical and risk neutral behaviors of the non-tradable underlyings and gives insights into the behaviour of the market price of weather risk and weather risk premium. The thesis starts by introducing the risk transfering instruments, the financial - statistical techniques and ends up by examining the real data applications with particular focus on the implied trigger intensity rates of a parametric CAT bond for earthquakes and the MPR of temperature derivatives.
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Lundström, Lukas. "Weather data for building simulation : New actual weather files for North Europe combining observed weather and modeled solar radiation." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-16446.
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Dynamic building simulation is increasingly necessary for accurately quantifying potential energy savings measures in retrofit projects, to compliant with new stricter directives from EU implanted into member states legislations and building codes. For good result the simulation model need to be accurately calibrated. This requires actual weather data, representative for the climate surrounding the given building, in order to calibrate against actual energy bills of the same period of time. The main objective of this degree project is to combine observed weather (temperature, humidity, wind etc.) data with modeled solar radiation data, utilizing the SMHI STRÅNG model system; and transform these data into AMY (Actual Meteorological Year) files to be used with building simulation software. This procedure gives actual weather datasets that will cover most of the urban and semi urban area in Northern Europe while still keeping the accuracy of observed weather data. A tool called Real-Time Weather Converter was developed to handle data retrieval & merging, filling of missing data points and to create the final AMY-file. Modeled solar radiation data from STRÅNG had only been validated against a Swedish solar radiation network; validation was now made by the author with wider geographic coverage. Validation results show that STRÅNG model system performs well for Sweden but less so outside of Sweden. There exist some areas outside of Sweden (mainly Central Europe) with reasonable good result for some periods but the result is not as consistent in the long run as for Sweden. The missing data fill scheme developed for the Real-Time Weather Converter does perform better than interpolation for data gaps (outdoor temperature) of about 9 to 48 hours. For gaps between 2 and 5 days the fill scheme will still give slightly better result than linear interpolation. Akima Spline interpolation performs better than linear interpolation for data gaps (outdoor temperature) in the interval 2 to about 8 hours. Temperature uncertainty was studied using data from the period 1981-2010 for selected sites. The result expressed as SD (Standard Deviation) for the uncertainty in yearly mean temperature is about 1˚C for the Nordic countries. On a monthly basis the variation in mean temperature is much stronger (for Nordic countries it ranges from 3.5 to 4.7 ˚C for winter months), while summer months have less variation (with SD in the range of 1.3 to 1.9 ˚C). The same pattern is visible in sites at more southern latitudes but with much lower variation, and still lower for sites near coast areas. E.g. the cost-near Camborne, UK, has a SD of 0.7 to 1.7 ˚C on monthly basis and yearly SD of 0.5 ˚C. Mean direct irradiance SD for studied sites ranges from 5 to 19 W/m2 on yearly basis, while on monthly basis the SD ranges from 40 to 60 W/m2 for summer months. However, the sample base was small and of inconsistent time periods and the numbers can only be seen as indicative. The commonly used IWEC (International Weather for Energy Calculations) files direct radiation parameter was found to have a very strong negative bias of about 20 to 40 % for Northern Europe. These files should be used with care, especially if solar radiation has a significant impact of on the building being modeled. Note that there exist also a newer set of files called IWEC2 that can be purchased from ASHRAE, these files seems not to be systematically biased for North Europe but haven’t been studied in this paper. The STRÅNG model system does catch the trend, also outside of Sweden, and is thus a very useful source of solar radiation data for model calibration.
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Lou, Mei Meng. "Weather simulation in Macao using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model." Thesis, University of Macau, 2009. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1943035.
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Helgegren, Lars, and Caroline Adolfsson. "Next Generation Weather Station." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-2402.
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This project was about develop a concept for next generation weather station and was
assigned by Bushnell, Kansas U.S. The project was appropriate for the students since it
would involve product development with both visual design and engineering. For the
reason that the initiator was located in another country, the students got an offer of being
positioned at the consultant firm; Epsilon in Gothenburg.
This project is about developing an innovative product as the next step of their evolution;
a portable Wi-Fi household appliance that keeps the user up-dated with weather forecasts
as well as news and other desirable info. This next generation weather station shall be
transboundary by offering more than traditional weather forecasts. Through its direct
connection to Internet it shall display and capture customizable data such as news, traffic,
sports (scores, news and highlights), photo and video content to name a few. The user
shall be able to get “data at-a-glance” in a fun user-friendly, low maintenance approach
while keeping the simplicity of the older products.
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Stephan, McCormick. "Bolt Fast or Weather." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/english_hontheses/3.
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Just graduated, Livy McHaney moves into a loft owned by father and daughter Wallace and Keegan Sammler. As Livy gets to know the Sammlers, he becomes fascinated by the sense Wallace makes out the world, a skill difficult for Livy. At the same time, Livy starts working at Zoo Dunn conducting its Tournado Train. Wallace explains to Livy his reflections on animals, enthralling Livy with his big ideas about freedom and questioning when one is supposed to not. In an attempt to make his grand pronouncements concrete, Wallace recruits Livy into a secret plan to kidnap and set free a popular young elephant from Zoo Dunn. Once in motion, much of their plan fails and everything appears less certain. Livy is forced to rethink the kidnapping's meaning, the possibility of changing the way people view animals, and ultimately the allure of Wallace's "truth" in forging his own ideas about life.
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Fonseca, Ricardo Morais. "Extreme European weather regimes." Thesis, University of Reading, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.553146.
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An idealised global atmospheric model has been used to investigate mechanisms for the persistent northern hemispheric flow anomalies that led to extreme rainfall and flooding in the UK during summer 2007 and autumn 2000. From past research the global response was obtained to forcing by idealised tropical heating anomalies based on the observed tropical OLR anomalies. The largest features of the observed tropical and sub-tropical anomalous flow were reproduced but the idealised forcing also created major features not seen, or much weaker, in the observations. The extra-tropical anomalies were well reproduced in autumn 2000 but not in summer 2007. The lack of response to tropical forcing in the extra- tropical regions of the summer hemisphere is consistent with the fact that the tropical easterlies do not allow influence through Rossby wave propagation into the extra-tropics and may also suggest other mechanisms were important. Two different methodologies were then considered, an inverse modelling technique and relaxation. In the former the model was forced with the anomalous seasonal forcing derived from the model itself while in the latter the model variables in a target region were relaxed towards analyses. Both methods stressed the importance of the tropical and extra-tropical vorticity forcing in reproducing the observed anomalies. The main forcing in the extra-tropics was found to be associated with the mid-latitude transients, while in the tropics it was associated with cumulus momentum transport and the transient nature of tropical convection in addition to heating by convection. These processes were represented in the model and it was concluded that they improve the tropical and extra-tropical responses to idealised tropical heating anomalies. They contribute significantly to the vorticity balance and must be accounted for in idealised models and diagnostic calculations.
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Heelan, Philip. "Automotive weather sensing systems." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.537527.
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Burnett, L. "Through the weather glass." Thesis, University of Salford, 2013. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/29511/.
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This Creative Writing thesis argues for the need to rethink our understanding of climate change and focuses on the response of creative writers to this phenomenon, whilst also offering its own creative contribution. The critical component aims at articulating a post-climate change poetics. It reviews the mainstream literature in popular science writing, fiction and poetry from the point of view of a political frame-analysis of climate change, to demonstrate how a certain understanding of climate change maps onto conventions of literary genre. The thesis takes the view that many mainstream literary attempts to negotiate climate change are compromised by the teleological way in which they conceive of the phenomenon. As an alternative position, it draws on the work of climatologist Mike Hulme and physicist and cultural theorist Karen Barad to encourage participation in climate change as a condition for negotiating its meaning. Lewis Carroll’s Through the Looking Glass is proposed as a model for literary production informed by this poetics and as a model for the author’s own creative practice. The creative component of this thesis is an intra-generic text presenting the fictionalised narrative of a cycle expedition the author made from Salford to the Greek island of Ikaria in the summer of 2010. This substantial work aims to interrogate, imagine, and enquire into the epistemology of a post-climate change world.
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Mirghasemi, Seyedeh Soudeh. "Agriculture, Dams, and Weather." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/579110.
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The first chapter investigates whether construction of the Bureau of Reclamation dams in the early twentieth century raise farm values and increase agricultural output? I construct a new county level panel data set from 1890 to 1920 with information on geography, climate, politics, agriculture, and major dams and then evaluate the effect of the Bureau of Reclamation dams on the value of farms and on crop productivity. Using fixed effect panel estimation, I find that new federal dam construction increased the average value of farm land by approximately 6.4 percent. When I apply an instrument to control for potential endogeneity, the effect of Bureau dams on the farm land value increases in size, although the estimate is no longer statistically significant. When examining the crop output, the only crop for which the dams had effects was alfalfa. In the second chapter I investigate the effect of the geographic, economic and political factors on dam construction at the beginning of the Bureau of Reclamation's operation in the American West. Applying county level data which has been linked from various data sources for the time period of 1900 to 1910, I show that the percentage of votes for Republicans in presidential elections has a significant and positive effect on major dam construction. The last chapter investigates the effect of climate change on US agriculture using county-level data from 1997 to 2007. Compared to previous contributions, we pay particular attention to the spatial heterogeneity across the climate zones and include the presence of extreme weather events. The lack of consideration for both effects may have led previous works to generate biased estimates and incorrect impact forecasts. While current approaches use projected climate variables derived from coarse resolution Global Climate Models (GCMs), we use data at a much finer resolution by relying on dynamically downscaled simulation data. Further, we pay particular attention to the spatial heterogeneity in the impact of climate among the climate zones. Chow-Wald tests indicate the presence of significant heterogeneity across zones in the effects of climate on land values.
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Harmon, Clare L. "Fear of Inclement Weather." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2015. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2079.
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Larsson, John. "Hedging of Weather Derivatives." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tillämpad matematik och statistik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413720.
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Eurenius, Oskar, and Tobias Heldring. "Ship and Weather Information Monitoring (SWIM) : Interactive Visulization of Weather and Ship Data." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-17655.
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This paper focus on the development of a tool for Ship and Weather Information Monitoring (SWIM) visualizing weather data combined with data from ship voyages. The project was done in close collaboration with the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI) who also evaluated the result. The goal was to implement a tool which will help shipping companies to monitor their feet and the weather development along planned routes and provide support for decisions regarding route choice and to evade hazard. A qualitative usability study was performed to gather insight about usability issues and to aid future development. Overall the result of the study was positive and the users felt that the tool would aid them in the daily work.
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Elevant, Katarina. ""Share weather" : Design and evaluation of a new concept for sharing weather information." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Medieteknik och interaktionsdesign, MID, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-131442.
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Already centuries ago, humans had observed the weather in their everyday lives, seeking ways to understand, comprehend, and predict it. Until the present day, weather has had tremendous impacts on our lives and with climate change human civilizations as well. With new media technologies weather constitutes a part of the information services used by many residents of modern cities, people and businesses worldwide. The rise of Web 2.0, a cyberspace where individuals may connect and interact under new premises, bridging the size of weather systems, creates new opportunities to share, and potentially improve, weather information. This thesis develops a concept “share weather”, based on individuals who share local weather information using interactive media technologies. The concept is empirically tested in eight papers, and, finally, evaluated in the summary of the compilation thesis. Since it explores a new research field, the thesis develops a framework for studying “share weather” based on several theories on motivation and participation in networks. Key issues are associated with accuracy of user-generated observations of weather, methods and design used to employ them, and estimating the potential levels of user contributions. The focus of this thesis lies on motivation theory and design of a “share weather” artifact. Drawing on prior research on online networks, a model for studying “share weather” is constructed by merging several theories, with the aim of studying the problem from both the individual perspective, and the relationships and structures created by ties and interactions. In addition, the thesis attempts to thoroughly investigate the context of “share weather”, in order to contribute new knowledge to research on online networks, whereas a sustainability perspective is added and associated with the information domain. In order to test the feasibility of the “share weather” concept, several empirical studies based on a mixture of qualitative and quantitative analysis and design research science methodology were conducted during 2008-2011. The studies included six surveys and 17 interviews, involving four different user groups: over 440 traffic-interested individuals who received a weather service, 60 schoolchildren, 20 patients at a dental clinic, and 50 students. A separate study on African farmers was also analyzed. The findings of this thesis confirmed that, in online networks, individuals are often driven by intrinsic rewards, but this thesis highlights the strong effects of interactions and reciprocity of receiving useful information (weather forecasts) as rewards. In order to capture the range of drives of different instrumentality that might occur, in particular in networks for knowledge creation, a holistic approach can be recommended, where a larger scale of instrumentality is applied when studying online networks for knowledge creation. Other results, acquired by studying accuracy of user-generated observations, pointed at the powerful abilities possessed by all humans when they perceive weather through their senses. Sharing weather information can be realized using simple methods based on the human eye and perception. Collection methods, based on pictures and predefined text messages inspired by methods used previously in history, can easily be integrated with different interactive media technologies: web, mobile technology, and SMS. Based on the empirical results and design research methodology, the thesis concludes that “share weather” can contribute to improved weather information. Moreover, it is also suggested that “share weather” might serve some additional goals. The environmental challenges of the future imply that weather will become even more important and that active participation and information sharing is requested at all levels. Based on learning and social processes that can be activated in online networks, “share weather” might potentially contribute to increased public participation in environmental issues.Sedan urminnes tider har människan observerat vädret i sin vardag, i ständig strävan efter förklaringar, förståelse och dess förutsägelse. Fram till dagens komplexa samhälle har vädret genomsyrat våra liv. Det kan ibland sätta djupa avtryck i vardagen, och med växande miljöhot finns en risk att vädret även kan lämna betydande avtryck på vår civilisation och utveckling. Med hjälp av meditekniken, framför allt nya medier, har väderinformationen en given plats var individs vardag i det moderna samhället där en mängd vädertjänster för konsumenter och företag florerar. Web 2.0 breder ut sig i en närmast oändlig virtuell värld där individer under helt nya förutsättningar nu obehindrat kan interagera med varandra. I den nya medieteknikens värld kan de interaktioner som sker mellan privatpersoner för första gången övervinna avstånd större än de fysiska avstånd som vädersystemen rör sig inom och vilka definierar dess processer. Här uppstår nya möjligheter att dela, och potentiellt även förbättra, väderinformationen. Denna avhandling utvecklar konceptet ”share weather”, baserat på individer som, med hjälp av modern interaktiv medieteknik, utväxlar väderinformation. Avhandlingen testar detta koncept empiriskt i åtta vetenskapliga artiklar i syfte att utvärdera konceptet ”share weather” i denna sammanfattning. Utforskning av ett nytt område kräver viss ny teori, som, inspirerat av flera existerande teorier om nätverk, härmed utvecklas och presenteras i form av ett ramverk för studie av ”share weather” konceptet och motivation att bidra användargenererad information. Nyckelfrågorna rör: kvalitet och noggrannhet, metoder och design för praktisk realisering, samt uppskattning av potentiella volymer av användargenererade väderobservationer. Avhandlingen designar en ”share weather” artefakt och utvecklar ny teori rörande motivation inom denna kontext. Baserat på tidigare vetenskapliga studier och teorier om nätverk tar avhandlingen fram en lämplig modell för utforskning av ”share weather”, med krav på både ett användarcentrerat perspektiv och ett större strukturellt perspektiv som fångar effekterna av olika interaktioner, inbördes länkar och relationer. En viktig målsättning är att förstå kontexten av ”share weather” i syfte att bidra till forskningsområdet Medieteknik och vår kunskap om nätverk. Under det lyfts viktiga hållbarhetsaspekter fram genom att betrakta hållbarhet som en egen dimension av forskningen och granska vädret som informationsdomän. De empiriska studierna bygger på tester som utfördes under 2008-2011, kombination av kvalitativ och kvantitativ analys samt designvetenskap och -metodik. Testerna omfattade 17 intervjuer och cirka sex enkäter som involverade fyra olika användargrupper: över 440 trafikanter som fick vädervarningar via SMS, 60 skolbarn, 20 patienter vid en dentalklinik och 50 studenter. Ytterligare en studie var baserad på data från tester med afrikanska jordbrukare. De empiriska studierna behandlade motivation och drivkrafter, kvalitetsaspekter samt design och utvärdering av en “share weather” artefakt. Detta arbete bekräftar tidigare forskning som understryker betydelsen av inre drivkrafter, medan avhandlingen även finner andra uttalade drivkrafter kopplade till interaktioner och belöningar i form av användbar information (väderprognoser). I syfte att fånga flera olika källor av potentiella drivkrafter som kan uppstå i nätverk som genererar ”kunskap”, konstruerar avhandlingen ett ramverk bestående av en bred skala av motivationer av olika ursprung för studier av nätverk för utbyte av nyttig information och kunskapsgenerering. Avhandlingen kunde också dra slutsatser rörande noggrannheten av användargenererade väderobservationer; där den slående förmågan hos människan att med hög noggrannhet observera sin närmaste miljö lyftes fram. Datainsamling kan ske genom fördefinierade textbeskrivningar och bilder, med inspiration hämtad från klassiska metoder med lång tradition av väderdatainsamling. Dessa kan integreras med interaktiva medieteknologier: webben, smarta telefoner och SMS. Utifrån dessa resultat drar denna avhandling slutsatsen att ”share weather” kan bidra till förbättrad väderinformation. Utöver detta kan viktiga hållbarhetsaspekter, karakteristiska för väderinformation, belysas. I en tid av svåra miljöutmaningar finns ett uttalat behov av bred uppslutning och engagemang i miljöfrågor inklusive informationsutbyte. Medan detta kan vara svårt att realisera i praktiken, teoretiserar denna avhandling kring möjligheterna att använda ”share weather” i arbetet med vissa av dessa mål. De sociala och lärandeprocesser som kan aktiveras i virtuella nätverk kan här komma att spela en viktig roll. Avhandlingen föreslår att ”share weather” potentiellt kan bidra till ökat deltagande hos allmänheten och därmed bidra till ökad miljömedvetenhet och -engagemang.
QC 20131015
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Rau, Roland. "Seasonality in human mortality a demographic approach /." Berlin : Springer, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-44902-7.
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Bray, Michaela Therese Julia. "Rainfall analysis based on rain gauge and weather radar data and numerical weather modelling." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.500432.
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Krouma, Meriem. "Ensemble weather forecast using a stochastic weather generator and analogs of the atmospheric circulation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASJ010.
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Les prévisions météorologiques d'ensemble peuvent aider à anticiper les risques d'événements météorologiques extrêmes. Cependant, le comportement chaotique de l'atmosphère représente une source majeure d'incertitudes pour les prévisions météorologiques surtout pour des échéances sous-saisonnières (de quelques jours à un mois). Un grand nombre de simulations numériques peut permettre de résoudre ce problème d'incertitude et de déterminer la distribution statistique des variables climatiques. Dans cette thèse, nous avons développé un outil de prévision d'ensemble basé sur des méthodes statistiques et probabilistes pour générer des prévisions météorologiques d'ensemble. En effet, le générateur stochastique de temps est conçu pour imiter le comportement des variables climatiques en se basant sur des analogues de circulation atmosphérique. Nous avons testé cet outil pour prévoir différentes variables climatiques telles que les précipitations en Europe et l'oscillation de Madden et Julian. Nous avons évalué la performance de nos prévisions par rapport aux autres prévisions des centres météorologiques.Dans un premier temps, nous avons testé le générateur stochastique de temps pour simuler les précipitations en Europe à l'échelle locale ( au niveau des villes). Nous avons trouvé de bonnes performances dans différentes régions d'Europe jusqu'à 10 jours. Nous avons confirmé l'importance de la circulation atmosphérique dans la prévision des paramètres météorologiques. Nous avons également identifié l'influence des hautes et basses pressions sur les bonnes et mauvaises prévisions.Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons combiné le générateur stochastique de temps avec des sorties de modèles numériques pour obtenir de grands ensembles de prévisions de précipitations en Europe jusqu'à 35 jours à l'avance à une échelle très locale. Cela a conduit à une amélioration significative par rapport aux prévisions du centre européen ECMWF et de Météo-France.Finalement, nous avons configuré notre modèle pour prévoir l'oscillation Madden Julian (MJO). La MJO est responsable de fortes précipitations dans des régions très peuplées comme l'Inde. Notre modèle fournit une prévision de la MJO jusqu'à 40 jours à l'avance et donne des résultats compétitifs par rapport aux prévisions météorologiques numériques. Les travaux présentés dans ce manuscrit ont fait l'objet de plusieurs articles scientifiques. Des travaux complémentaires concernant la prévisibilité des variables météorologiques ont aussi été réalisésEnsemble weather forecasts can help to better manage and anticipate the risks of extreme weather events. Nevertheless, weather forecasting is a complex task due to the chaotic behaviour of the atmosphere, which is a major source of uncertainties for sub-seasonal time scale (days to a month). To overcome these uncertainties, a large number of numerical simulations are required. It allows to determine the statistical distribution of the climate variables. In this thesis, we have developed a weather ensemble forecasting tool based on statistical and probabilistic methods to generate weather ensemble forecasts. The stochastic weather generator is designed to mimic the behaviour of climate variables based on atmospheric circulation analogs. We have tested this tool to forecast different climate variables such as European precipitation and the Madden-Julian oscillation. We have evaluated the performance of our forecasts using several forecast verification methods. In addition, we compared the performance of our forecast to other forecasts from international weather centers.We start by assessing the capacity of the stochastic weather generator to simulate precipitation in Europe at the local scale (city level). We found good performances in different regions of Europe for up to 10 days. We confirmed the importance of atmospheric circulation in the forecast of meteorological parameters. We also identified the influence of high and low pressure on good and bad forecasts. As a second step, we combined the stochastic weather generator with dynamical model outputs to obtain large ensembles of European precipitation forecasts up to 35 days ahead at a very local scale. This led to a significant improvement over the forecasts of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts and Météo-France.Finally, we adjusted our model to forecast the Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO). The MJO is responsible for heavy precipitation in densely populated regions such as India. Our model provides a forecast of the MJO up to 40 days in advance and is competitive with numerical weather predictions. The results of this thesis have been the subject of (published and in discussion) scientific papers.Some other work on the predictability of meteorological variables has also been developed
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Schmid, Matthias. "Stochastic models of Malaysian weather." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/39974.
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Accurate, stochastic representations of rainfall structures and weather patterns in the space-time dimension are a challenging task. Recently, efforts have been focused on the simulation of large spatial fields, representation of higher-order statistics, simulation of spatial extremes and overcoming the problem of overdispersion - an underrepresentation of inter- and intraannual variance in weather generator simulations. In this dissertation, these issues are adressed by presenting three different multisite methodologies - a 'conventional' rainfall generator using orthogonal Markov chains with Richardson-type separation in event-amount generation (multisite, PXEOF-enhanced orthogonal Markov chain model methodology), a more novel approach using multivariate EOFs to express precipitation in the region as a two-component combination of deterministic evolution patterns and corresponding stochastic amplitude coupled with an autoregressive moving average model (multisite, ARMA-enhanced PXEOF model methodology) and, finally, a multivariable extension for the simulation of four meteorological variables with improved interannual variability on the station level (multivariable, multisite PXEOF-EEOF model methodology). Based on above methodologies, 1,000 to 10,000 years of daily simulated weather for 196 stations (20 stations in the case of the multisite, multivariable framework) in Peninsular Malaysia were generated. Statistical characteristics of the synthetic dataset are examined in comparison with the observational record and comparisons between models are made. Regarding the ARMA-enhanced PXEOF model methodology, the need for an autoregressive model component to improve short-term rainfall dependence is demonstrated and model evaluation is focused on a slightly 'neglected' topic, often missing from model evaluations in the literature - spatial rainfall footprints and areal statistics. For the multivariable, multisite PXEOF-EEOF model methodology, the spatial and cross-variable correlation structure as well as the effect of introducing interannual correlations is investigated in further detail. The thesis concludes by summarizing benefits and challenges of using multivariate EOFs in weather generators and a recommendation for the shift towards a more parsimonious model framework with modular structure is made.
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Swaney, Patrick Ryan. "The Day the Weather Returned." Connect to online resource, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1442928.
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Al-Madfai, Hasan. "Weather corrected electricity demand forecasting." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2002. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/weather-corrected-electricity-demand-forecasting(2e066cc4-58b1-4694-9937-ee8f57fbed02).html.
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Electricity load forecasts now form an essential part of the routine operations of electricity companies. The complexity of the short-term load forecasting (STLF) problem arises from the multiple seasonal components, the change in consumer behaviour during holiday seasons and other social and religious events that affect electricity consumption. The aim of this research is to produce models for electricity demand that can be used to further the understanding of the dynamics of electricity consumption in South Wales. These models can also be used to produce weather corrected forecasts, and to provide short-term load forecasts. Two novel time series modelling approaches were introduced and developed. Profiles ARIMA (PARIMA) and the Variability Decomposition Method (VDM). PARIMA is a univariate modelling approach that is based on the hierarchical modelling of the different components of the electricity demand series as deterministic profiles, and modelling the remainder stochastic component as ARIMA, serving as a simple yet versatile signal extraction procedure and as a powerful prewhitening technique. The VDM is a robust transfer function modelling approach that is based on decomposing the variability in time series data to that of inherent and external. It focuses the transfer function model building on explaining the external variability of the data and produces models with parameters that are pertinent to the components of the series. Several candidate input variables for the VDM models for electricity demand were investigated, and a novel collective measure of temperature the Fair Temperature Value (FTV) was introduced. The FTV takes into account the changes in variance of the daily maximum and minimum temperatures with time, making it a more suitable explanatory variable for the VDM model. The novel PARIMA and VDM approaches were used to model the quarterly, monthly, weekly, and daily demand series. Both approaches succeeded where existing approaches were unsuccessful and, where comparisons are possible, produced models that were superior in performance. The VDM model with the FTV as its explanatory variable was the best performing model in the analysis and was used for weather correction. Here, weather corrected forecasts were produced using the weather sensitive components of the PARIMA models and the FTV transfer function component of the VDM model.
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Gentry, Randal Scott. "A Change in the Weather." FIU Digital Commons, 1999. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3581.
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This is a novel of a teenage son, Sean Eldredge, who discovers his father, Henry—a cruel, impulsive and overpowering figure in his life—murdered, and finds himself initially accused of the crime. Sean’s life, already complicated by the recent divorce of his parents and his perception of that event as his mother’s abandonment of her proper place, and complicated as well by a somewhat confusing relationship with his own girlfriend, now spins into a phase in which he is unable to interpret the intentions of those around him with any certainty. The suspicion of guilt is lifted from him but that does nothing to put his own mind at rest as to the cause of his father’s death. He still thinks it was a murder, and he must, and will, clear up the matter in the adult world, a world that is still baffling and threatening to him.
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Cohen, Alexander H. "Climate, weather, and political behavior." Diss., University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1214.
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This dissertation explores the extent to which weather and climate systematically affect political behavior. The idea that weather (and other elements of the natural world) exercise a fundamental influence on politics has long been a theme in classical and modern political thought. As political science moved from pure description to a more social-scientific form of analysis, scholars became less interested in understanding the impact of climate. If mentioned at all, weather typically is referred to as one of the various elements making up the "error term" in our statistical analyses. Recent work in the natural and social sciences, however, has suggested there are systematic and important links between weather, climate, and behavior. This work (which I review) not only inspires a return to a traditional focus of political analysis, but more importantly provides a number of hypotheses to guide our analysis of politics. Inclement weather increases the costs of moving from place to place. Sunlight enhances while extreme temperature depresses mood. Finally, hot weather is associated with enhanced aggression.
These correlates of climate have implications for a variety of subfields across political science, including comparative politics and international relations. This dissertation concentrates primarily, however, on American politics, particularly from a behavioral perspective. To see if weather has a significant effect on politics, then, I explore behavior in four settings that have been especially important in mainstream studies: Presidential approval; social capital; Election Day voting; and finally elite participation (in the form of abstention on roll call voting). In terms of the first, if (as Zaller argues) a response to a telephone survey indeed entails a summing up of `considerations' regarding an issue rather than expression of a `true' attitude, then it is likely sunlight should stimulate positive responses to questions because it encourages the release of serotonin, which makes people more positive in general. Controlled logistic regression of sunlight on Presidential approval reveals that, in spring, sunlight boosts approval. The next chapter explores how hot climates and rain may reduce levels of social capital. This is because heat boosts levels of aggression, which should diminish helping behavior, and because rain makes it more difficult to volunteer and associate with other people. Analysis of state-level social capital data and city-level volunteer data provides some evidence that these propositions are correct. The third empirical chapter focuses upon voting on Election Day. While it finds that rain does have a depressive effect upon voting rates among the poor due to raising the costs associated with voting, there is little evidence that vote choice is affected by the weather. The final empirical chapter examines how weather conditions may affect voting rates among members of the United States House of Representatives, which seems possible because, like regular citizens during Election Day, House members pay costs when visiting the Capital to vote, and unpleasant weather could comprise a real if minor cost. OLS regression at the vote-level and logistic regression at the legislator level reveals that in the winter and spring, sunlight boosts voting, while summer humidity depresses voting and heat in winter has a positive effect. While these conclusions are interesting in themselves and meaningfully contribute to contemporary academic discussions, they further suggest some things about how we thing about political science. In particular, analyses of political topics could often be enhanced by reflectively considering the contents of the error term, as this exercise can offer new and useful perspective on current scholarship. Further, this dissertation also suggests that political science (and research in general) could benefit from taking a more comprehensive view of the environmental context of human behavior.
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Xuan, Yunqing. "Uncertainty propagation in complex coupled flood risk models using numerical weather prediction and weather radars." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/c76c4eb0-9c9e-4ddc-866c-9bbdbfa4ec25.
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The role of flood forecasting is becoming increasingly important as the concept of risk-based approach is accepted in flood risk management. The risk-based approach not only requires efficient and abundant information for decision making in a risk framework. but needs the uncertainty appropriately accounted for and expressed. The rapid development in numerical weather prediction and weather radar technology make it feasible to provide precipitation predictions and observations for flood warning and forecasting that benefit from the extended lead-time. Although the uncertainty issues related to standalone models have been addressed. little attention has been focused on the complex behaviour of coupled modelling systems when the uncertainty-bearing information propagates through the model cascade. The work presented in this thesis focuses on the issue of uncertainty propagation in this complex coupled modelling environment. A prototype system that integrates the high reso- lution numerical weather prediction. weather radar. and distributed hydrological models. was developed to facilitate the study. The uncertainty propagation and interactions were then analysed covering the uncertainty associated with the data. model structures, chaotic dynamics and coupling processes. The ensemble method was concluded to be the choice for the coupled system to produce forecasts able to account for the uncertainty cascaded from the precipitation prediction to the hydrological and hydraulic models. Finally. recommendations are made in relation to the exploration of complex coupled systems for uncertainty propagation in flood risk management.
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Dai, Chengyu. "Exploration of Weather Impacts on Freeway Traffic Operations and Safety Using High-Resolution Weather Data." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/255.
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Adverse weather is considered as one of the important factors contributing to injuries and severe crashes. During rainy conditions, it can reduce travel visibility, increase stopping distance, and create the opportunity hydroplaning. This study quantified the relative crash risk on Oregon 217 southbound direction under rainy conditions by using a match-paired approach, applied one-year traffic data, crash data and NEXRAD Level II radar weather data. There are 26 crashes occurred in match-paired weather conditions for Oregon 217 in year 2007. The results of this study indicate that a higher crash risk and a higher property-damage-only crash risk occurred during rainy days. The crash risk level varies by the location of the highway, at milepost 2.55 station SW Allen Blvd has the highest driving risks under rainy conditions.
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Chen, Gang. "Essays on using weather derivatives in dairy production." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1125587466.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 90 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 88-90). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Garvert, Matthew F. "An observational and modeling study of a heavy orographic precipitation event over the Oregon Cascades /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10021.
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Anderson, Lauren C. "Isolation and implementation of the dynamical core from the German Weather Service's numerical weather prediction model." Connect to online resource, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1446091.
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Petschel, Ben. "Mean reversion models for weather derivatives /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18872.pdf.
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Ernvik, Aron. "3D visualization of weather radar data." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1053.
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There are 12 weather radars operated jointly by smhi and the Swedish Armed Forces in Sweden. Data from them are used for short term forecasting and analysis. The traditional way of viewing data from the radars is in 2D images, even though 3D polar volumes are delivered from the radars. The purpose of this work is to develop an application for 3D viewing of weather radar data.
There are basically three approaches to visualization of volumetric data, such as radar data: slicing with cross-sectional planes, surface extraction, and volume rendering. The application developed during this project supports variations on all three approaches. Different objects, e.g. horizontal and vertical planes, isosurfaces, or volume rendering objects, can be added to a 3D scene and viewed simultaneously from any angle. Parameters of the objects can be set using a graphical user interface and a few different plots can be generated.
Compared to the traditional 2D products used by meteorologists when analyzing radar data, the 3D scenes add information that makes it easier for the users to understand the given weather situations. Demonstrations and discussions with meteorologists have rendered positive reactions. The application will be installed and evaluated at Arlanda airport in Sweden.
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Carlbaum, Oskar, and Michael Novén. "Real-Time Magnetohydrodynamic Space Weather Visualization." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Medie- och Informationsteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-141686.
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This work describes the design and implementation of space weather related phenomena within the interactive astro-visualization software OpenSpace. Data sets from the Community Coordinated Modelling Center (CCMC) at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) were used to implement time-varying high-resolution solar imagery from space observatory spacecraft and time-varying field lines from the different models produced at the CCMC. The obtained results were used to take an audience on an interactive journey through the solar system, at the worlds first ever live planetarium show about space weather.
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Moore, Lewis. "Weather-related crashes on public lands." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/2849.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2007.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Oct. 29, 2007). Thesis director: Roger R. Stough. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Public Policy. Vita: p. 154. Includes bibliographical references (p. 149-153). Also issued in print.
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Törnros, Martin, David Berrios, Alexander Bock, Carter Emmart, Robert Harberts, and Anders Ynnerman. "Interactive Visualization of Space Weather Data." Linköpings universitet, Medie- och Informationsteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-92856.
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Landahl, Olof. "Weather visualization for the aerospace industry." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-95274.
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Denna rapport beskriver mitt examensarbete som utfördes på företaget Carmenta AB i Göteborg, hösten 2007. Examensarbetet är den slutgiltiga examinationen för min civilingenjörsutbildning i Medieteknik på Linköpings Universitet. Arbetet gick ut på att undersöka standarder för presentation av väderprognoser för flygtrafik och att implementera lämplig standard i Carmentas kartverktyg SpatialAce. Jag har framställt en studie som går igenom grundläggande teori för flygtrafik och väder, dataformat för lagring och distribution av meteorologisk information samt standarder för visualisering av flygväder. Utvärderingen av studien visar att en så kallad Significant Weather Chart, eller SIGWX, är den främsta visualiseringsstandarden. Denna standard har jag implementerat med hjälp av SpatialAce och programmeringsspråket C#. Dessutom har jag visualiserat vindprognoser enligt de standarder som finns. Detta gjordes också med SpatialAce men i programmeringsspråket C++. Resultatet är en demoapplikation som presenterar dessa prognoser på en karta. Applikationen tillåter även navigering och annan interaktion med kartan.
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Törnros, Martin. "Interactive visualization of space weather data." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Medie- och Informationsteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-101986.
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This work serves to present the background, approach, and selected results for the initial master thesis and prototyping phase of Open Space, a joint visualization software development project by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Linköping University (LiU) and the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH). The thesis report provides a theoretical introduction to heliophysics, modeling of space weather events, volumetric rendering, and an understanding of how these relate in the bigger scope of Open Space. A set of visualization tools that are currently used at NASA and AMNH are presented and discussed. These tools are used to visualize global heliosphere models, both for scientific studies and for public presentations, and are mainly making use of geometric rendering techniques. The paper will, in detail, describe a new approach to visualize the science models with volumetric rendering to better represent the volumetric structure of the data. Custom processors have been developed for the open source volumetric rendering engine Voreen, to load and visualize science models provided by the Community Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC) at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). Selected parts of the code are presented by C++ code examples. To best represent models that are defined in non-Cartesian space, a new approach to volumetric rendering is presented and discussed. Compared to the traditional approach of transforming such models to Cartesian space, this new approach performs no such model transformations, and thus minimizes the amount of empty voxels and introduces less interpolation artifacts. Final results are presented as rendered images and are discussed from a scientific visualization perspective, taking into account the physics representation, potential rendering artifacts, and the rendering performance.
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Tsekos, Charalambos. "Weather downtime statistics for marine projects." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338583.
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Thompson, Robert John. "Rainfall estimation using polarimetric weather radar." Thesis, University of Reading, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.493986.
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Rainfall is a key observable of the weather, of importance to society. Rain gauges only provide point measurements; for areal rainfall information a radar may be used. Radars measuring just reflectivity (Z) may suffer large errors in derived rainrates due to drop size distribution (DSD) variations. The introduction of dual-polarisation radars to operational networks should lead to improvements in rainfall estimation, although these radars suffer high noise levels in polarisation parameters (~ 0.7 dB in differential reflectivity [ZDR]).
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Wilson, Andrew Hamilton. "NOAA's weather satellites : economically beneficial pathfinders." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/28397.
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Approved for public release; distribution unlimitedThe National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) meteorological satellites have made many important contributions to society since their first introduction over 30 years ago. These polarorbiting and geostationary satellite systems provide weather information as well as other benefits to both the public and private sectors. This thesis examines a number of these economically benefitted areas and quantifies these contributions when possible. Additionally, the concept of weather satellite provided data as a public or a private good is analyzed. The growing private sector application of satellite derived data, or so called value-added service, is surveyed. A few key examples of this field are identified, and the impacts of past, current, and future governmental data dissemination policies are discussed. In conclusion, the role NOAA's environmental satellites will play in the planned global observation of the earth is discussed. By studying these satellite systems in this way, their worldwide benefits to society can be ascertained, both in terms of current economic benefits as well as their important role as a test case for the future of earth remote sensing.
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Tilford, Kevin A. "Weather radar data for operational hydrology." Thesis, University of Salford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315383.
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Yu, Jung S. (Jung Soo). "Airport capacity and regional weather modeling." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41417.
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