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Academic literature on the topic 'Weather indicators'

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Published: 30 May 2022
Last updated: 31 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Weather indicators"

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Shacham, Mordechai, and Neima Brauner. "Danger by the Numbers:Meaningful Cold Weather Indicators." Weatherwise 48, no. 5 (November 1995): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00431672.1995.9925360.

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NITU, C., and A. S. DOBRESCU. "The Role of Weather Indicators in Energy Consumption." Advances in Electrical and Computer Engineering 8, no. 1 (2008): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4316/aece.2008.01003.

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Tsai, Stella, Teresa Hamby, Alvin Chu, Jessie A. Gleason, Gabrielle M. Goodrow, Hui Gu, Edward Lifshitz, and Jerald A. Fagliano. "Development and Application of Syndromic Surveillance for Severe Weather Events Following Hurricane Sandy." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 10, no. 3 (May 5, 2016): 463–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2016.74.

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AbstractObjectiveFollowing Hurricane Superstorm Sandy, the New Jersey Department of Health (NJDOH) developed indicators to enhance syndromic surveillance for extreme weather events in EpiCenter, an online system that collects and analyzes real-time chief complaint emergency department (ED) data and classifies each visit by indicator or syndrome.MethodsThese severe weather indicators were finalized by using 2 steps: (1) key word inclusion by review of chief complaints from cases where diagnostic codes met selection criteria and (2) key word exclusion by evaluating cases with key words of interest that lacked selected diagnostic codes.ResultsGraphs compared 1-month, 3-month, and 1-year periods of 8 Hurricane Sandy-related severe weather event indicators against the same period in the following year. Spikes in overall ED visits were observed immediately after the hurricane for carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, the 3 disrupted outpatient medical care indicators, asthma, and methadone-related substance use. Zip code level scan statistics indicated clusters of CO poisoning and increased medicine refill needs during the 2 weeks after Hurricane Sandy. CO poisoning clusters were identified in areas with power outages of 4 days or longer.ConclusionsThis endeavor gave the NJDOH a clearer picture of the effects of Hurricane Sandy and yielded valuable state preparation information to monitor the effects of future severe weather events. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:463–471)
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Park, Yujin, Sang-Woo Lee, and Junga Lee. "Comparison of Fuzzy AHP and AHP in Multicriteria Inventory Classification While Planning Green Infrastructure for Resilient Stream Ecosystems." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (October 30, 2020): 9035. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12219035.

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As climate change-induced weather variability increases, various green infrastructure plans, such as stream ecosystems, have been studied to overcome ecological and environmental problems arising from extreme weather events; however, our understanding of them and their resilience to extreme weather events is considerably limited. This study proposes a multicriteria inventory classification while planning green infrastructure for resilient stream ecosystems under extreme weather events. Literature reviews, expert surveys, and reliability/validity analyses were used to enlist indicators for this classification. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (fuzzy AHP) were used to compute the weights and ranks of indicators for identifying critical indices while planning green infrastructure. The AHP and fuzzy AHP analysis suggested that meteorological phenomena and disasters, hydraulic characteristic of streams, land use/geographic characteristics, and experience/damage restoration were important factors. High weights were attributed to aquatic ecology, potentially vulnerable areas, population, topography, and heat waves. The weights and ranks attributed by AHP and fuzzy AHP varied slightly, but the indicator groups with high and low weights were the same; hence, primary indicators to be considered while planning green infrastructure for resilient stream ecosystems could be suggested. These results could be used as a preliminary analysis in establishing countermeasures against climate change or in distributing budgets for green infrastructure plans.
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Evseev, Vadim, Reza Barkhi, Aleksandr Pleshivtsev, and Anton Scrynnik. "Modeling the Influence of Weather and Climatic Conditions on the Safety Characteristics of the Construction Process." E3S Web of Conferences 97 (2019): 03035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199703035.

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This study investigates the influence of climatic conditions on the performance of the construction process and the characteristics of the elements of the construction process: construction machines, workers, the estimated cost of construction, and the reliability of construction deadlines. As an integral indicator of weather and climatic conditions, the indicator of “weather hardness” was chosen. The method of simulation modeling with its ability to generate random numbers with the given parameters is chosen as a mathematical model on a computer. The aim of the study is to identify the regression and correlation relationships between the indicators of weather hardness and the corresponding indicators of the elements of the construction process: the Fund for working time of workers, the coefficient of technical readiness of construction equipment, increasing the estimated cost of construction, increasing labor costs for the re-installation of construction equipment, identification of additional costs by types of work, for all the stated dependencies, regression equations are obtained. The results are presented in graphical form, and the results show that the proposed simulation model of the impact of weather and climatic conditions on the characteristics of the construction process allows to optimize management decisions, and reduce construction risks, reduce the estimated cost of construction.
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ZOUNON, Hermione Noumawudo, Nasser Mohamed BACO, Bienvenu Akowedaho DAGOUDO, and Saddam Kadjogbé SAHAGUI. "Traditional Ecological knowledge of predicting rain for climate adapting in North Benin." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 8, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 141–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol8.iss1.2132.

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Traditional knowledge is base of decisions taking by local population affecting their livelihood. This traditional knowledge, focusing on practices and experiences highlighted the weather and climate information which is important for rain fed agriculture in Kandi commune. This research focuses on traditional knowledge of predicting rain through the climate indicators. It was carried in four districts 4 districts (Sam, Donwari, Kassakou and Sonsoro) of Kandi commune. Through 75 interviews (resource persons at least 40 years of experience) and 7 focus groups in the community, information was gathered about traditional climate and weather indicators and prediction tools. The snowball sampling technique was used to choose the respondents. Knowledge about climate indicator is exchanged, passed on from generation to generation and concerned plant species, animal species and astronomical elements. These climate indicators revealed onset of rain season, intensity of rain in full season and the end rain season. Multiple correspondence analyses with statistical software R Version 3.02 show three categories group. One shows the indicators such as wind, thunder, Cloud, Bird. The second group combines the factors transmit to member of family and acquire by initiation. The third group concerns bird indicator.
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Kotelnikov, Roman, and Alexander Martynyuk. "An Indicator for Assessing the Effectiveness of Organizing Forest Fire Protection." Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal), no. 2 (April 4, 2021): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2021-2-213-222.

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The article briefly analyzes the main indicators used to assess the effectiveness of the organization of forest fire protection in the Russian Federation. The need to improve approaches to such an assessment has been substantiated. Based on the expert analysis of various situations and existing operational indicators of aviation forest protection units and regional dispatching services, it can be concluded that all possible factors that affect the effectiveness of work should be divided into two groups: organizational and weather-related. At the same time, all organizational factors ultimately affect the area covered by the fire. Weather factors cannot be controlled, and their influence must be excluded when calculating performance indicators. Thus, all indicators that characterize the weather factor are directly or indirectly related. The article proves the expediency of using the indicator of fire season intensity to account for weather factors. It is proposed to calculate the relative deviation of the values of forest fire frequency and intensity from the average long-term values for assessing the effectiveness. The article provides a formula, an algorithm, and a number of recommendations for automating the calculation. A verbal-numerical scale of conditional assessment of the effectiveness of forest firefighting units is proposed. The interpretation of the values of the conditional indicator of the effectiveness of forest firefighting units for the selected scale is given. On the basis of the proposed method, an analysis of the effectiveness assessment of organizing forest fire protection in 2019 for all constituent entities of the Russian Federation is carried out. In the framework of the existing accounting system of forest fires, the cost of their suppression, as well as the features of existing system of account of funding of activities related to the protection of forests from fires, the proposed approach is optimal for assessing the forest fire service as it considers previous work experience in a variety of weather conditions. The proposed approach can be used in systems to support management decisions in the field of forest fire protection, which will significantly increase the adequacy of management decisions in the forest sector.
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Wanic, Maria, Magdalena Jastrzębska, Marta K. Kostrzewska, and Janusz Nowicki. "Analysis of weeds communities using selected biological indicators." Acta Agrobotanica 58, no. 1 (2012): 227–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2005.026.

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The paper analyses the weeds community in oats cultivated at different position in two crop rotations: after potato (in the rotation system with 25% share of oats) and twice after oats (with its 75% share) during the years 1990-2000, using the diversity of species indicators (by Simpson and by Shannon-Wiener), homogeneity of species by Simpson and communities similarity ratios. The dependence of biological indicators on the weather conditions and the dependence of oats grain yield on the number and diversity of species were assessed. Diversity and homogeneity of species in communities of weeds in the field of oats showed high differences from year to year of studies and dates of measurements (stage of oats tillering, end of its vegetation). To a lesser degree they changed under the influence of the position in the rotation system. With the passage of years the number of weeds during the spring period gradually increased. The analyzed parameters showed the differentiated dependence on the weather conditions. The communities form years with similar weather conditions did not show analogy in individual density and species. No significant dependence between the yield and the diversity of weeds was confirmed.
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Koloskov, A. V., V. G. Sinitsin, N. N. Gerasimova, and Yu M. Yampolski. "ELF resonant cavities in the geospace as space weather indicators." Kosmìčna nauka ì tehnologìâ 14, no. 5 (September 30, 2008): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/knit2008.05.049.

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Morishita, Claudia, Julien Berger, and Nathan Mendes. "Weather-based indicators for analysis of moisture risks in buildings." Science of The Total Environment 709 (March 2020): 134850. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134850.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Weather indicators"

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Jacobson, Olof. "Correlating Local Weather Conditions with Cellular Network Performance Indicators." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189600.

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In this thesis, the relationships between local weather and the performance of a cellular telecommunications network were investigated by means of data analysis. Models of the average daily cycles in the data were developed accounting for cyclic behaviour and seasonal trends. Several different analysis methods were then performed on data measuring deviations from these average cycles. The methods used were multiple linear regression, partial least squares regression, calculation of Spearman's correlation coefficients, and regression by artificial neural networks. Some of the results indicate that the number of calls being attempted in the network is related to the local weather conditions. Additionally, small indications were found that the percentage of failed calls in the network was related to the amount of precipitation. These findings could potentially be valuable for network operators.
I detta examensarbete undersöktes samband mellan lokala väderförhållanden och indikatorer på nätverksprestanda för ett mobilnätverk. Undersökningen genomfördes med hjälp av dataanalys. Modeller för den genomsnittliga dagliga variationen i de undersökta parametrarna utvecklades där hänsyn togs till cykliska trender och säsongsberoende. Ett flertal analysmetoder tillämpades sedan på data som mätte avvikelser från de genomsnittliga variationerna. Metoderna som användes var linjär regression, ’partial least squares’ regression, uträkning av Spearmans rangkorrelation, och regression med hjälp av artificiella neuronnät. Resultaten indikerade att antalet samtal som försökte kopplas upp i nätverket influerades av väderförhållandena. Dessutom kunde små indikationer urskiljas på att nederbörd påverkade andelen misslyckade samtalsuppkopplingar i nätverket. Resultaten kan potentiellt vara av värde för nätverksoperatörer.
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Хижняк, Олександр Сергійович. "Система аналізу даних приватної метеорологічної станції." Bachelor's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2020. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/40931.

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Пояснювальна записка дипломного проєкту містить 6 розділів, 61 сторінка, 35 рисунків, 7 таблиць, посилання на 18 літературних джерела, додатки та 4 кресленики. Об’єктом розробки: система аналізу даних для приватна метеостанція. Мета розробки: створити застосунок зі зручним інтерфейсом, який буде аналізувати погодні показники минулих днів та годин. У дипломному проєкті розроблено систему, яка в режимі реального часу збирає дані погодних показників, аналізує їх та виводить користувачу у вигляді тексту або у вигляді графіків за останні дні або 12 годин. Проведено ретельний огляд існуючих рішень і на основі цього виконано аналіз вимог, які б задовольняли всім потребам як звичайного користувача, так і садівника-любителя або ж працівника на господарстві. За апаратну частину було обрано мікроконтролер ESP8266 та датчики DHT22 і BMP280 для вимірювання температури, вологості повітря, атмосферного тиску та теплового індексу. Значну увагу було приділено серверній частині, яка розгортається в хмарному ресурсі Microsoft Azure. Отримані результати можуть бути розширені масштабованістю апаратної частини та подальшою розробкою функціональної системи. Будуть корисними як звичайній, так і зацікавленій в господарстві людині.
The explanatory note of the diploma project consists of 6 sections, 61 pages, 35 figures, 7 tables, links to 18 literary sources, annexes and 4 design documents. The object of the development: the data analysis system for private weather station. The purpose of the development: create an application with user friendly interface for analyzing weather data of the last days and hours. The graduation project developed the system, which collects weather data in real time, analyzes it and displays results like text or like charts for the last days or 12 hours. The thorough analysis of existing solutions and applications is a base of requirements that will satisfy all simple people, amateur gardener’s or enterprise worker’s needs. Microcontroller ESP8266 and sensors DHT22 and BMP280 were chosen like an embedded part of system for temperature, humidity, atmosphere pressure and heat index measurements. Considerable attention was paid to the server part, which is deployed in the cloud platform Microsoft Azure. The results obtained can be expanded by scalability of embedded part and functional system future development. It will useful as for simple people as for interested in the enterprise person.
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Arage, Hassen Alebel [Verfasser]. "Indicators for the Signal Degradation and Optimization of Automotive Radar Sensors under Adverse Weather Conditions / Alebel Arage Hassen." Aachen : Shaker, 2007. http://d-nb.info/1170527361/34.

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[Verfasser], Alebel Arage Hassen. "Indicators for the Signal Degradation and Optimization of Automotive Radar Sensors under Adverse Weather Conditions / Alebel Arage Hassen." Aachen : Shaker, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2018110404493514947589.

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McCurdy, Porcha. "Storm Sampling to Assess Inclement Weather Impacts on Water Quality in a Karst Watershed: Sinking Creek, Watauga Watershed, East Tennessee." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3724.

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Escherichia coli changes in Sinking Creek, an impaired water body in the Watauga watershed of northeast Tennessee, were assessed during storm events using water samples collected with ISCO automated samplers during eight storms at two locations. Turbidity and electrical conductivity (EC) data loggers were deployed in the creek, and dissolved oxygen (DO) was measured in situ to test the stream’s water quality and reaction to inclement weather. Cotton fabric was deployed at both locations and sent to an external lab to test for the presence of Optical Brighteners (OB), which are indicators of residential wastewater. E. coli and turbidity at the creek generally increased within 2.5 hours of a rain event, remaining above the single sample standard for several hours during the storm. At the spring, E. coli became elevated within 30 minutes of precipitation onset, but generally decreased below the standard during the event.
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Lecoeur, Eve. "Influence de l'évolution climatique sur la qualité de l'air en Europe." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1176/document.

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La pollution atmosphérique est le produit de fortes émissions de polluants (et de leurs précurseurs) et de conditions météorologiques défavorables. Les particules fines (PM2.5) sont l'un des polluants les plus dangereux pour la santé publique. L'exposition répétée ou prolongée à ces particules entraîne chaque année des maladies respiratoires et cardio-vasculaires chez les personnes exposées ainsi que des morts prématurées. L'évolution du climat dans les années à venir aura un impact sur des variables météorologiques (température, vents, précipitations, ...). Ces variables influencent à leur tour divers facteurs, qui affectent la qualité de l'air (émissions, lessivage par les précipitations, équilibre gaz/particule, ...). Si de nombreuses études ont déjà projeté l'effet du changement climatique sur les concentrations d'ozone, peu se sont intéressées à son effet sur les concentrations de particules fines, en particulier à l'échelle du continent européen. C'est ce que cette thèse se propose d'étudier. La circulation atmosphérique de grande échelle est étroitement liée aux variables météorologiques de surface. Par conséquent, il est attendu qu'elle ait également un impact sur les concentrations de PM2.5. Nous utilisons dans cette thèse une approche statistique pour estimer les concentrations futures de PM2.5 à partir d'observations présentes de PM2.5, de quelques variables météorologiques pertinentes et d'outils permettant de représenter cette circulation atmosphérique (régimes et types de temps). Le faible nombre d'observations journalières de PM2.5 et de ses composants en Europe nous a conduit à créer un jeu de données pseudo-observées à l'aide du modèle de qualité de l'air Polyphemus/Polair3D, puis à l'évaluer de façons opérationnelle et dynamique, afin de s'assurer que l'influence des variables météorologiques sur les concentrations de PM2.5 est reproduite de manière satisfaisante par le modèle. Cette évaluation dynamique d'un modèle de qualité de l'air est, à notre connaissance, la première menée à ce jour.Les projections de PM2.5 sur les périodes futures montrent une augmentation systématique des concentrations de PM2.5 au Royaume-Uni, dans le nord de la France, au Benelux et dans les Balkans, et une diminution dans le nord, l'est et le sud-est de l'Europe, en Italie et en Pologne. L'évolution de la fréquence des types de temps ne suffit pas toujours à expliquer l'évolution de ces concentrations entre les périodes historique et futures, car les relations entre circulation atmosphérique de grande échelle et types de temps, entre types de temps et variables météorologiques, et entre variables météorologiques et concentrations de PM2.5 sont amenées à évoluer dans le futur et contribuent à l'évolution des concentrations de PM2.5. L'approche statistique développée dans cette thèse est nouvelle pour l'estimation de l'impact du climat et du changement climatique sur les concentrations de PM2.5 en Europe. Malgré les incertitudes qui y sont associées, cette approche est facilement adaptable à différents modèles et scénarios, ainsi qu'à d'autres régions du monde et d'autres polluants. En utilisant des observations pour définir la relation polluant-météorologie, cette approche serait d'autant plus robuste
Air pollution is the result of high emissions of pollutants (and pollutant precursors) and unfavorable meteorological conditions. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is one of the pollutants of great concern for human health. Every year, a repeated or continuous exposure to such particles is responsible for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases among the concerned populations and leads to premature deaths. Climate change is expected to impact meteorological variables (temperature, wind, precipitation,...). Those variables will influence numerous factors, which will affect air quality (emissions, precipitation scavenging, gas/particle equilibrium,...). A large body of studies have already investigated the effects of climate change on ozone, whereas only a few have addressed its effects on PM2.5 concentrations, especially over Europe. This is the subject we investigate in this thesis. Large-scale circulation is closely linked to surface meteorological variables. Therefore, it is expected that it will impact PM2.5 concentrations too. In this thesis, we develop a statistical algorithm to estimate future PM2.5 concentrations from present PM2.5 observations, selected meteorological variables and tools to represent this circulation (weather regimes and weather types). The lack of daily observations of PM2.5 and its components over Europe prevents us to used observations. Consequently, we have created a pseudo-observed PM2.5 data set, by using the Polyphemus/Polair3D air quality Chemical-Transport Model. Both operational and dynamic evaluations were conducted against EMEP measurements, to ensure that the influence of meteorological variables on PM2.5 concentrations is correctly reproduced by the model. As far as we know, this dynamic evaluation of an air quality model with respect to meteorology is the first conducted to date.Future PM2.5 concentrations display an increase over the U.K., northern France, Benelux, and in the Balkans, and a decrease over northern, eastern, and southeastern Europe, Italy, and Poland compared to the historical period. The evolution of weather type frequencies is not sufficient to explain the PM2.5 changes. The relationships between the large-scale circulation and the weather types, between the weather types and meteorological variables, and between meteorological variables and PM2.5 concentrations evolve with future meteorological conditions and also contribute to PM2.5 changes. The statistical method developed in this thesis is a new approach to estimate the impact of climate and climate change on PM2.5 concentrations over Europe. Despite some uncertainties, this approach is easily applicable to different models and scenarios, as well as other geographical regions and other pollutants. Using observations to establish the pollutant-meteorology relationship would make this approach more robust
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Chen, Te-Ho, and 陳德和. "The Study of Establishment of Assessment Indicators of River Sustainable Development for Extreme Weather." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qquad5.

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碩士
國立彰化師範大學
工業教育與技術學系
106
The purpose of this study was to develop a set of indicators and build a key standard model for assessing the carrying capacity and stimulating the sustainable development of rivers in extreme climate conditions. This model can serve as a reference for governmental agencies and private construction companies in river remediation, planning, and the promotion of river sustainable development. First, the literature was reviewed to assist in formulating assessment indicators. Then, a questionnaire was distributed to an expert group using the Delphi method, after which crucial assessment indicator dimensions and items were summarized. Finally, the assessment indicators for river sustainable development in extreme climate conditions were defined. Furthermore, the analytic hierarchy process was employed to calculate the weights of various assessment indicator dimensions and items. According to the results, the assessment indicators for river sustainable development in extreme climate conditions comprise four dimensions (policy, economic, environmental, and sustainable development dimensions) and 24 items. Based on the results of the analytic hierarchy process, experts agree the policy dimension to be the most crucial assessment indicator dimension for river sustainable development in extreme climate conditions, followed by the sustainable development, economic, and environmental dimensions. The results of this study can provide a reference for governmental agencies, private construction companies, and other relevant institutions in river remediation, planning, and the promotion of river sustainable development. Moreover, suggestions for future research are proposed on the basis of the results.
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Arage, Hassen Alebel. "Indicators for the Signal degradation and Optimization of Automotive Radar Sensors under Adverse Weather Conditions." Phd thesis, 2007. https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/765/1/PhdThesis.pdf.

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In recent years vehicle radar and lidar sensors are widely used as sources of control signals for Autonomous Intelligent Cruise Control and Collision Mitigation systems. These devices are operating in the millimeter wave and infrared range in which their performance may be degraded by adverse weather conditions. Currently available information regarding the signal interaction with fog, rain, snow and spray make clear that millimeter-wave radar sensors are far less affected by adverse weather conditions than infrared-based sensors. However, when automotive radar sensors are particularly designed for safety-oriented systems, the effects of critical issues (such as water film and heavy rains) on the sensor performance become of the uttermost importance. In this thesis, an analysis of the effects of water film and rain on millimeter-wave propagation have been presented. Based on the fundamental formulation of wave propagation and scattering in stratified as well as random media, physical parameters describing the wave interaction with the water film and rains have been studied and assessed. It has been shown that both significantly attenuate millimeter-wave signals, and may exert an adverse influence on detection performance of millimeter-wave radar sensors. Consequently, water-film and rain indicators have been derived from returned signals to convey for the first time wet-antenna and rain information to the radar sensor system, where they could be employed for monitoring the radar detection performance. Methods have also been worked out in detail for low-cost measurement of water-film and rain indicators in the radar system. Experimental investigations have been exhibited to be able to satisfactorily implement these indicators in production. Finally, techniques have been introduced to show how detection performance could be optimized. The presented findings emphasize the importance of identification of water film and rain and of being able to optimize detection performance in order to assure availability of automotive radar senors in adverse weather conditions. Results should also be significant for all kinds of millimeter-wave radar sensors where wave interactions with water film on the surface of the radar antenna or its protecting radome as well as with rains in the radar beams are the key issue.
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[Verfasser], Alebel Arage Hassen. "Indicators for the signal degradation and optimization of automotive radar sensors under adverse weather conditions / von Alebel Arage Hassen." 2007. http://d-nb.info/982741588/34.

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Silva, Catarina Alçada e. "Alterações climáticas, precipitação e água em zonas urbanas." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/83291.

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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia do Ambiente apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
Atualmente as alterações climáticas são uma temática de bastante relevância para a sociedade, uma vez que podem ter impactes significativos a vários níveis, particularmente nos regimes hidrológicos. Um dos principais efeitos das alterações climáticas é a alteração do regime de precipitação como, por exemplo, a intensidade, a frequência e a duração de eventos. Ou seja, é provável que haja uma diminuição da frequência dos eventos de precipitação, no entanto estes passam a ser mais intensos.O objetivo principal desta dissertação é analisar a influência de alterações climáticas no uso e gestão da água em zonas urbanas. Neste contexto, o estudo abrangeu a análise de tendências dos indicadores de extremos de precipitação e de temperatura do ar em Portugal Continental e a análise comparativa, em laboratório, dos registos de precipitação obtidos por uma estação meteorológica automática e por vários equipamentos udométricos.A metodologia baseou-se na utilização de testes estatísticos para analisar a tendência das séries temporais dos indicadores de extremos de precipitação e de temperatura do ar em Portugal Continental para o período de 1941-2004 e em testes laboratoriais para verificar a precipitação captada e a intensidade da mesma nos vários equipamentos.Os resultados obtidos revelam uma tendência para aumentar a temperatura mínima e máxima do ar, assim como uma tendência para diminuir a precipitação total anual e aumentar a intensidade dos eventos de precipitação. É expectável estas modificações estarem relacionadas com as alterações climáticas o que poderá ter implicações na gestão da água em zonas urbanas, principalmente no sul de Portugal Continental.
Nowadays climatic changes is a subject of high relevance for the society as it can have significant impacts at many levels, especially in hydrological regimes. One of the main effects of climatic changes is the change in precipitation regime such as intensity, frequency and duration of events. In other words, it is likely that there will be a decrease in the frequency of rainfall events, but these will become more intense.The main purpose of this dissertation is to analyze the influence of climatic changes on the use and management of water in urban areas. In this context, the study included the analysis of trends in the extremes indicators of precipitation and air temperature in mainland Portugal and the comparative analysis, in the laboratory, of the rainfall records obtained with an automatic meteorological station and with other udometric equipaments.The used methodology was based on the use of statistical tests to analyze the tendency of the time series of extremes indicators of precipitation and air temperature in mainland Portugal for the period 1941-2004 and in laboratory tests to verify the rainfall captured and the intensity of it in the several equipaments.The obtained results reveal a tendency to increase the minimum and maximum air temperature, as well as a tendency to decrease the annual total rainfall and to increase the intensity of the rainfall events. These changes are expected to be related to climate change, which may have implications for water management in urban areas, mainly in the south of mainland Portugal.
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Books on the topic "Weather indicators"

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Whiteman, C. David. Mountain Meteorology. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195132717.001.0001.

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Mountain Meteorology: Fundamentals and Applications offers first an introduction to the basic principles and concepts of mountain meteorology, then goes on to discuss their application in natural resources management. It includes over two hundred beautiful, full-color photographs, figures, and diagrams, as well as observable indicators of atmospheric processes--such as winds, temperature, and clouds--to facilitate the recognition of weather systems and events for a variety of readers. It is ideal for those who spend time in or near mountains and whose daily activities are affected by weather. As a comprehensive work filled with diverse examples and colorful illustrations, it is essential for professionals, scholars, and students of meteorology.
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Canada, Canada Environment, ed. Tracking key environmental issues: Air and water, nature, climate change and severe weather = Suivi des grands enjeux environnementaux : l'air et l'eau, la nature, les changements climatiques et le temps violent. Ottawa: Environment Canada, 2001.

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Worthy, Ben. Conclusions. Edited by Mark Bennister and Paul ‘t Hart. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198783848.003.0015.

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This concluding chapter reflects on how the LCI has performed and how it can be developed. Application of the LCI is analyzed across different leadership puzzles and contexts and for what this tells us about the authority of political leaders. Some interpretations of capital fluctuation across the chapters are presented. The LCI allows exploration of how skills, relations, and reputations create, build, or erode authority. Questions remain over the weighting of indicators, the balance between hard and soft measurements, and broader questions about how capital is acquired, preserved, and, in rare cases, regained. Leaders in weakly democratic systems may be less prone to “normal” patterns of capital fluctuation. Overall, the LCI does allow students of political leadership to think about the difference between political office-holding and exercising political leadership, and about why and when some leaders are able to make the political weather rather than being swept along by it.
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Changnon, Stanley A., ed. El Niño, 1997-1998. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195135510.001.0001.

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This book will cover the time span from the first indications of El Nino (May 1997) until its reversal (June 1998). The focus will be largely on the United States, where El Nino produced widespread changes in how the public perceives weather and in the accuracy of forecasts Among the key issues it will examine are how the news media interpreted and dramatixed El Nino and the reaction both of the public and decision-makers (the latter based on interviews with agribusiness, utilities, water management agencies, etc.); the scientific issues emerging from the event; and the social and economic consequences of the event. Finally, it will suggest what can and should be done when El Nino occurs in the future.
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Serviço de Meteorologia e Geofísica de Macau., ed. Tempo em Macau: Indicações percentuais sobre o comportamento de alguns elementos climáticos = Weather in Macao : percentual indications about the conduct of some climatological elements. [Macau]: Serviço de Meteorologia e Geofísica de Macau, 1985.

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Ramos-Sánchez, Jesús Ricardo. Ahorro económico, eficiencia energética y proyección inferencial. Análisis de series de tiempo en celdas fotovoltaicas. ECORFAN, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35429/b.2020.7.1.116.

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This literature work includes the phenomenon of the socioeconomic situation of the residents of Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico, who have solar panels as a savings mechanism for their homes and as a tool that contributes to their well-being. The research focuses on the economic flow of residents in relation to energy expenditure and surplus. The approach to the problem is due to the lack of an economic and social measurement system in relation to the energy expenditure of the housewith solar panels in extreme weather in the city of Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Therefore, the research question was established: How much energy savings does the use of solar panels represent in the families of Victoria, Tamaulipas? For the elaboration of the hypothesis, the Cruz-Ardilla theory (2013), was necessary, which maintains that energy plays an important role in society since it allows access to technological and social advances in resources that provide greater comfort; In this same tenor, Díaz (2015), ensures that technological strategies for sustainability have an economic purpose transforming the territory and; as a last assumption according to Elías and Bordas (2012), which indicates that 44% of primary energy worldwide becomes useless. Thus, the hypothesis is: Energy savings with the use of solar panels in the homes of families in Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico is equivalent to 40 percent.
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Book chapters on the topic "Weather indicators"

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Gruza, G., E. Rankova, V. Razuvaev, and O. Bulygina. "Indicators of Climate Change for the Russian Federation." In Weather and Climate Extremes, 219–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9265-9_14.

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Groisman, Pavel YA, Thomas R. Karl, David R. Easterling, Richard W. Knight, Paul F. Jamason, Kevin J. Hennessy, Ramasamy Suppiah, et al. "Changes in the Probability of Heavy Precipitation: Important Indicators of Climatic Change." In Weather and Climate Extremes, 243–83. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9265-9_15.

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Karl, Thomas R., Neville Nicholls, and Anver Ghazi. "CLIVAR/GCOS/WMO Workshop on Indices and Indicators for Climate Extremes Workshop Summary." In Weather and Climate Extremes, 3–7. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9265-9_2.

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Trenrerth, Kevin E., and Timothy W. Owen. "Workshop on Indices and Indicators for Climate Extremes, Asheville, NC, USA, 3–6 June 1997 Breakout Group A: Storms." In Weather and Climate Extremes, 9–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9265-9_3.

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Nicholls, Neville, and William Murray. "Workshop on Indices and Indicators for Climate Extremes: Asheville, NC, USA, 3–6 June 1997 Breakout Group B: Precipitation." In Weather and Climate Extremes, 23–29. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9265-9_4.

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Folland, C. K., C. Miller, D. Bader, M. Crowe, P. Jones, N. Plummer, M. Richman, D. E. Parker, J. Rogers, and P. Scholefield. "Workshop on Indices and Indicators for Climate Extremes, Asheville, NC, USA, 3–6 June 1997 Breakout Group C: Temperature Indices for Climate Extremes." In Weather and Climate Extremes, 31–43. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9265-9_5.

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Guze, Sambor. "Business Availability Indicators of Critical Infrastructures Related to the Climate-Weather Change." In Contemporary Complex Systems and Their Dependability, 248–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91446-6_24.

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Mwajombe, Anselm R., and Godwin A. Lema. "Weather forecasting and communication in the upper Great Ruaha catchment area." In Climate change impacts and sustainability: ecosystems of Tanzania, 217–34. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242966.0217.

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Abstract Effective weather forecast dissemination depends on how effective dissemination channels are in informing decision making for improved management of water resources and livelihood activities, which depend on water resources in catchment areas. In this chapter, the effectiveness of the channels for weather forecast dissemination is assessed in terms of magnitude of awareness creation and versatility to end users. Our findings show that both traditional and conventional channels of weather forecasting and communication can be used to create awareness to end users in various parts of the country. For local communities, traditional weather forecasting and communicating were contingent on indigenous knowledge acquired through interaction with the local environment. Such information was accessed through indicators or signs that entail plant phenology, astronomical and meteorological events as well as mammals' behaviour. Conventional forecasting is communicated via modern communication technologies including radio, television, the Internet and posted letters. Communication of traditional weather forecasting is mainly through oral traditions. Results from our respondents revealed that 40% received weather forecasts through traditional channels, 11% through modern channels and 49% through modern and traditional channels. The majority of respondents said that weather forecasts from modern sources were not reliable to inform the decision-making process when compared with traditional sources. The study recommends synchronizing modern and traditional channels for effective weather forecast delivery.
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Mehrish, Divya, J. Sairamesh, Laurent Hasson, and Monica Sharma. "Combining Weather and Pollution Indicators with Insurance Claims for Identifying and Predicting Asthma Prevalence and Hospitalizations." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 457–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74009-2_58.

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Nishimura, Yusuke, Tahera Hossain, Akane Sano, Shota Isomura, Yutaka Arakawa, and Sozo Inoue. "Toward the Analysis of Office Workers’ Mental Indicators Based on Wearable, Work Activity, and Weather Data." In Sensor- and Video-Based Activity and Behavior Computing, 1–26. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0361-8_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Weather indicators"

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Taylor, Elwynn. "Leading Crop Weather Indicators." In Proceedings of the 13th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-715.

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Taylor, Elwynn. "Crop Yields and Weather: Events, Seasonal Trends, Long Range Indicators, and Variability." In Proceedings of the 1992 Crop Production and Protection Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-448.

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Gil, Agnieszka, Renata Modzelewska, Szczepan Moskwa, Agnieszka Siluszyk, Marek Siluszyk, and Anna Wawrzynczak. "Indicators of Space Weather Events in Cosmic Rays Flux During the Solar Cycle 24." In 36th International Cosmic Ray Conference. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.358.1079.

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Grigoryan, Hakob. "Electricity Consumption Prediction using Energy Data, Socio-economic and Weather Indicators. A Case Study of Spain." In 2021 9th International Conference on Control, Mechatronics and Automation (ICCMA). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccma54375.2021.9646220.

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Privalova, Kira, and Ruslan Karimov. "PRODUCTIVITY OF PASTURAL HERBS WITH PARTICIPATION OF FESTULOLIUM DEPENDING ON WEATHER CONDITIONS OF VEGETATION PERIODS." In Multifunctional adaptive feed production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2020-22-70-14-20.

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Based on 13 years of research, data are presented on the productivity of pasture grass stands with the participation of festulolium (cultivar VIK 90) in years with different conditions of heat and moisture supply of vegetation periods. Productivity indicators, depending on weather conditions, changed 1.5 times.
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Sharp, J. V., G. Ersdal, and D. Galbraith. "Development of Key Performance Indicators for Offshore Structural Integrity." In ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-57203.

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Key performance indicators (KPIs) are widely used to assess performance against targets, whether these be technical, environmental or financial. Offshore KPIs are used by both duty holders and regulators to assess the reliability of equipment and systems, often they relate to safety systems and the regulator’s interest relates to such systems. The most obvious KPIs include number of fatalities, fatal accident rate, lost time injury frequency and total recordable incident rate, as well as hydrocarbon release incident rates associated with maintaining safety. Many of the “non-headline” KPIs relate to systems that could be critical in the event of an accident and these are of great importance. However KPIs have not yet been developed for the performance of the offshore structural system. Performance standards are a requirement of current UK offshore legislation, although these again are more normally associated with fire and explosion. Since many offshore installations are now in the ageing phase performance measures are increasingly important. This paper described the background to developing KPIs for offshore structures, relating to aspects which are important for both safety and asset integrity. This has been achieved based on a hazard approach, which includes extreme weather, fatigue, corrosion and accidental damage. KPI’s need to be measurable and this aspect has been incorporated in their development. It is proposed that these KPIs will have significant use in providing a basis for measuring structural performance, particularly for ageing installations where a case for life extension needs to be made.
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Rizzo, Donna M., Susanne Conklin, and David E. Dougherty. "Using Artificial Neural Networks to Predict Local Disease Risk Indicators with Multi-Scale Weather, Land and Crop Data." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2003. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40685(2003)230.

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van Dam, E., J. Uittenbogaard, S. A. Reinholdtsen, S. Fouques, and T. Sauder. "Reliable and Efficient Injury Assessment for Free-Fall Lifeboat Occupants During Water Entry: Correlation Study Between Lifeboat Acceleration Indicators and Simulated Human Injury Responses." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23921.

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The evacuation of personnel from an offshore installation in severe weather conditions is generally ensured by free-fall lifeboats. During the water entry phase of the launch, the lifeboat may be subject to large acceleration loads that may cause harmful acceleration-induced loads on the occupants. The present/common methodology for assessing the occupant safety of free-fall lifeboats uses one single characteristic launch to perform injury risk analysis for a given free-fall lifeboat launch condition that includes e.g. weather conditions, lifeboat and host installation loading conditions. This paper describes an alternative methodology to fully assess the risk of injury for lifeboat occupants during water entry by introducing a correlation model between acceleration load indicators and injury responses. The results are presented in terms of seating matrices showing critical seat rows, in which the probability of being injured exceeds a pre-defined threshold.
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Zolotilova, O. M., N. V. Nevkrytaya, I. N. Korotkikh, and A. Yu Anikina. "Comparative assessment of Foeniculum vulgare variety ‘Oksamyt Kryma’ in different ecological zones." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-20205-9-10-61.

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In 2017–2019, we conducted a comparative study of morphological and biological characteristics and productivity parameters of Foeniculum vulgare variety ‘Oksamyt Kryma’ in three regions of the Russian Federations: foothill zone (Crimea), central region of the non-chernozem zone (Moscow suburbs) and western Ciscaucasia (Krasnodar Krai) to determine the most favourable conditions for cultivation. The above-mentioned zones differed greatly in meteorological and soil conditions. The highest yield (on average 18.0 kg/ha) and the greatest accumulation of essential oil (on average 9.9 kg/ha) were obtained in the Krasnodar Krai. Weather, climatic and soil conditions of the Moscow suburbs, where productivity indicators were the lowest, are unfavourable for fennel growing.
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Pokhrel, Rabindra, Luis Ortiz, Nazario D. Ramírez-Beltran, and Jorge E. González. "Effects of Extreme Climate Variability on Energy Demands for Indoor Human Comfort Levels in Tropical Urban Environments." In ASME 2018 12th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2018 Power Conference and the ASME 2018 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2018-7131.

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The main objective of this study is to identify how climate variability influences human comfort levels in tropical-coastal urban environments. San Juan Metro Metropolitan Area (SJMA) of the island of Puerto Rico was chosen as a reference point. Temperature and relative humidity are identified as key environmental variables to maintain human comfort level. A new Human Discomfort Index (HDI) using the key environmental variables based on environmental enthalpy is defined. This index is expanded to determine the energy required to maintain indoor human comfort levels and is compared to total electric energy consumption for the island of Puerto Rico. Regression analysis shows that both temperature and HDI are good indicators to predict total electrical energy consumption. Results showed that over the past 35 years the average environmental enthalpy have increased, resulting in the increase of average HDI for SJMA. Surface weather station data further shows clear indication of urbanization biases ramping up the HDI. Long-term local scale (weather station; 30-years record) data shows a decreasing rate of maximum cooling per capita at −11.41 kW-h/years, and increasing of minimum cooling per capita of 10.64 kW-h/years. This contrasts with regional scale data for the whole Caribbean where increasing trends are observed for both minimum and maximum energy per capita. To estimate human comfort levels under extreme heat wave events conditions, an event of 2014 in the San Juan area was identified. The analysis is complemented by data from the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) at 250km spatial resolution, North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) at 32 km spatial resolution, and simulations of the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) at a resolution of 1 km, and by weather station data for San Juan. Model results were evaluated against observations showing good agreement for both temperature and relative humidity and improvements from the NCEP input. It also shows that Energy Per Capita (EPC), required to maintain indoor space at human comfort level, in urban areas during a heat wave event can increase to 21% as compared to normal day.
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Reports on the topic "Weather indicators"

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Raymond, Kara, Laura Palacios, Cheryl McIntyre, and Evan Gwilliam. Status of climate and water resources at Chiricahua National Monument, Coronado National Memorial, and Fort Bowie National Historic Site: Water year 2019. National Park Service, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293370.

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Climate and hydrology are major drivers of ecosystems. They dramatically shape ecosystem structure and function, particularly in arid and semi-arid ecosystems. Understanding changes in climate, groundwater, and water quality and quantity is central to assessing the condition of park biota and key cultural resources. The Sonoran Desert Network collects data on climate, groundwater, and surface water at 11 National Park Service units in southern Arizona and New Mexico. This report provides an integrated look at climate, groundwater, and springs conditions at Chiricahua National Monument (NM), Coronado National Memorial (NMem), and Fort Bowie National Historic Site (NHS) during water year (WY) 2019 (October 2018–September 2019). Overall annual precipitation at Chiricahua NM and Coronado NMem in WY2019 was approximately the same as the normals for 1981–2010. (The weather station at Fort Bowie NHS had missing values on 275 days, so data were not presented for that park.) Fall and winter rains were greater than normal. The monsoon season was generally weaker than normal, but storm events related to Hurricane Lorena led to increased late-season rain in September. Mean monthly maximum temperatures were generally cooler than normal at Chiricahua, whereas mean monthly minimum temperatures were warmer than normal. Temperatures at Coronado were more variable relative to normal. The reconnaissance drought index (RDI) indicated that Chiricahua NM was slightly wetter than normal. (The WY2019 RDI could not be calculated for Coronado NMem due to missing data.) The five-year moving mean of annual precipitation showed both park units were experiencing a minor multi-year precipitation deficit relative to the 39-year average. Mean groundwater levels in WY2019 increased at Fort Bowie NHS, and at two of three wells monitored at Chiricahua NM, compared to WY2018. Levels in the third well at Chiricahua slightly decreased. By contrast, water levels declined in five of six wells at Coronado NMem over the same period, with the sixth well showing a slight increase over WY2018. Over the monitoring record (2007–present), groundwater levels at Chiricahua have been fairly stable, with seasonal variability likely caused by transpiration losses and recharge from runoff events in Bonita Creek. At Fort Bowie’s WSW-2, mean groundwater level was also relatively stable from 2004 to 2019, excluding temporary drops due to routine pumping. At Coronado, four of the six wells demonstrated increases (+0.30 to 11.65 ft) in water level compared to the earliest available measurements. Only WSW-2 and Baumkirchner #3 have shown net declines (-17.31 and -3.80 feet, respectively) at that park. Springs were monitored at nine sites in WY2019 (four sites at Chiricahua NM; three at Coronado NMem, and two at Fort Bowie NHS). Most springs had relatively few indications of anthropogenic or natural disturbance. Anthropogenic disturbance included modifications to flow, such as dams, berms, or spring boxes. Examples of natural disturbance included game trails, scat, or evidence of flooding. Crews observed 0–6 facultative/obligate wetland plant taxa and 0–3 invasive non-native species at each spring. Across the springs, crews observed six non-native plant species: common mullein (Verbascum thapsus), spiny sowthistle (Sonchus asper), common sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus), Lehmann lovegrass (Eragrostis lehmanniana), rabbitsfoot grass (Polypogon monspeliensis), and red brome (Bromus rubens). Baseline data on water quality and water chemistry were collected at all nine sites. It is likely that that all nine springs had surface water for at least some part of WY2019, though temperature sensors failed at two sites. The seven sites with continuous sensor data had water present for most of the year. Discharge was measured at eight sites and ranged from < 1 L/minute to 16.5 L/minute.
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