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1
Jayaraman, R., T. Balusamy, and A. K. Lakshminarayanan. "Assessment of Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Friction Stir Processed Cast Mg-Al-Zn Magnesium Alloy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 787 (August 2015): 442–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.442.
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Microstructure, micro hardness and wear resistance of friction stir processed cast magnesium alloy are investigated in this work. Image analysis is used to differentiate the amount of phases present in the base metal and friction stir processed regions. Hardness mapping indicates that the frictions stir processed region has 64 % increase in microhardness compared to the base metal. Wear resistance was evaluated using pin-on-disc testing and it is found that the friction stir processed region has superior wear resistance compared to the base metal. Fine grains with uniformly distributed second phase particles are the reasons for improved microhardness and wear resistance of friction stir processed region.
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PIOTROWSKA, Katarzyna, Monika MADEJ, and Dariusz OZIMINA. "ASSESSMENT OF TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF Ti13Nb13Zr TITANIUM ALLOY USED IN MEDICINE." Tribologia 285, no. 3 (June 30, 2019): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5440.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the wear and tear of titanium biomaterials used for hip endoprosthesis. The test materials were samples of titanium and its alloys: Ti grade 4, Ti6Al7Nb and Ti13Nb13Zr. Model tribological tests were carried out in reciprocal motion under conditions of technically dry friction, friction with lubrication provided by an artificial blood solution and Ringer's solution. A 6 mm in diameter Al2O3 ball was used as a counter-sample in the friction pairs. After tribological tests, traces of wear were inspected using scanning electron microscopy. A confocal microscope with interferometric mode was used to evaluate the wear of the surface of samples and counter-samples. The lowest friction coefficients among all the material associations were obtained for the Ti13Nb13Zr-Al2O3 alloy. SEM analysis has shown that as a result of the wear process, numerous scratches and grooves were generated. They were created as a result of loose products of wear moving around in the friction area. For all tested materials, a pile-up of the wear edges was observed, which indicates an abrasive wear mechanism. During the friction tests of the tested material associations, the titanium disc proved to be the most wearing material. For Ti6Al7Nb and Ti13Nb13Zr alloys, comparable wear was recorded regardless of the test conditions (TDF, AB, RS). The analysis of the obtained tribological results showed that the material association for which the lowest wear of friction pair (sample and countersample) recorded was Ti6Al7Nb-Al2O3.
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Pakowski, Czesław, Tomasz J. Kałdoński, and Tadeusz Kałdoński. "Continuous Method for Assessment of Wear under Conditions of Technically Dry Friction." Solid State Phenomena 113 (June 2006): 415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.113.415.
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In the article a continuous method for measurement of wear under conditions of technically dry friction of tribological kinematic pairs of the type pin–on–disk of T–11 tester, as an example is presented. Also taken up was a test of an evolved simple method for evaluation of correction on the participation of thermal expansion in size change of a frictional kinematic pair. The analysis of obtained results showed the existence of correlation between total experimental wear and analytical value of total wear (decrease of linear dimension of pin).
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Tokarev, Alexandr O., and Lyubov D. Makagon Makagon. "Assessment of tribotechnical properties and resistance to wear of plasma coatings." Russian Journal of Water Transport, no. 69 (December 23, 2021): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.37890/jwt.vi69.179.
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In order to determine the operating conditions of parts for which restoration of worn surfaces is acceptable by the method of plasma spraying of various powder alloys, contact fatigue tests were carried out under cyclic contact impulse loading. In addition, tribotechnical tests were carried out with various wear-resistant coatings under conditions of liquid sliding friction.
Bench and operational tests showed the use of coatings obtained using modern plasma technologies, the feasibility of protecting parts operating in conditions of corrosion, waterjet and cavitation wear, as well as in sliding friction.
The coating sprayed with Ni-Al intermetallic alloy powder provides the most reliable protection against shock cyclic impact and abrasion during liquid friction than other materials studied.
Coating with wear-resistant self-fluxing powder Ni-Cr-B-Si-C alloy, hardened by solid carboboride phases, without its additional heat treatment for restoration of surfaces working in sliding friction pairs, is not recommended.
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Nazarov, Alexander, Sergey Krivoshapov, and Nikolay Sergienko. "EVALUATION OF RELATIVE WEAR OF FRICTION SURFACES OF DISC BRAKE MECHANISMS OF PASSENGER CARS." Bulletin of the National Technical University «KhPI». Series: Automobile and Tractor Construction, no. 1 (March 19, 2023): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2078-6840.2022.1.04.
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The article provides a search and analysis of the design parameters of disc brake mechanisms that provide regulated braking efficiency and wear resistance of friction pairs in order to increase their durability. To assess the relative wear of the friction surfaces of the disc brake mechanisms of passenger cars, an assessment was made of the parameters that can characterize the wear of the interface. On the example of Lanos passenger cars, the possibilities of prospects for further calculation of the coefficients of wear resistance of materials of friction bodies using generalized mathematical models, such as a model of wear of friction pairs of disc brakes, including the design parameters of friction surfaces, the magnitude of the drive pressure, the initial braking speed of the car and the braking time, are considered. wear occurs
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Spinelli, M., S. Affatato, L. Tiberi, S. Carmignato, and M. Viceconti. "Integrated friction measurements in hip wear simulations: Short-term results." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 224, no. 7 (November 9, 2009): 865–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544119jeim683.
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Hip joint wear simulators are used extensively to simulate the dynamic behaviour of the human hip joint and, through the wear rate, gain a concrete indicator about the overall wear performance of different coupled bearings. Present knowledge of the dynamic behaviour of important concurrent indicators, such as the coefficient of friction, could prove helpful for the continuing improvement in applied biomaterials. A limited number of commercial or custom-made simulators have been designed specifically for friction studies but always separately from wear tests; thus, analysis of these two important parameters has remained unconnected. As a result, a new friction sensor has been designed, built, and integrated in a commercial biaxial rocking motion hip simulator. The aim of this study is to verify the feasibility of an experimental set-up in which the dynamic measurement of the friction factor could effectively be implemented in a standard wear test without compromising its general accuracy and repeatability. A short wear test was run with the new set-up for 1×106 cycles. In particular, three soft-bearings (metal-on-polyethylene, Φ = 28 mm) were tested; during the whole test, axial load and frictional torque about the vertical loading axis were synchronously recorded in order to calculate the friction factor. Additional analyses were performed on the specimens, before and after the test, in order to verify the accuracy of the wear test. The average friction factor was 0.110 ± 0.025. The friction sensors showed good accuracy and repeatability throughout. This innovative set-up was able to reproduce stable and reliable measurements. The results obtained encourage further investigations of this set-up for long-term assessment and using different combinations of materials.
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Velichko, Sergey A., Alexei V. Martynov, and Elena G. Martynova. "Assessment of Tribotechnical Properties of Consolidated Materials Obtained by Electrospark Processing." Engineering Technologies and Systems 33, no. 1 (March 31, 2023): 79–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.033.202301.079-099.
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Abstract Introduction. The bakery industry is an agricultural industry of high-level processing of raw materials focuses on the end-consumer. In the production of bakery products one of the operations of the technological process is performed by dough dividers of vacuumpiston type, whose service life is 30‒40% lower than the normative. The most promising method for restoration of worn parts of the suction mechanism is electrospark processing. When selecting the electrode material, it is important that they have not only low erosion resistance, but also high tribotechnical properties. Aim of the Article. The article deals with problem of selecting electric coatings to reduce wear of working surfaces of suction mechanism parts during repair of vacuum piston-type dough dividers. Materials and Methods. The analysis of the properties of electropark coatings was carried out by nondestructive testing methods using modern research equipment; the results were processed using the Compass-3D program. Results. There are determined the values of physical, mechanical, frictional and tribotechnical properties of electrospark coatings made of BrOS10-10 bronze and Kh15N60 alloy. The total wear rate for BrOS10-10 bronze coating was 8,3 ∙ 10‒12, and for Kh15N60 alloy 15 ∙ 10‒12. Discussion and Conclusion. Total wear rate on the friction machine of bronze coated samples is lower than that of basic friction pair in 1.4 times, and of alloy coated samples ‒ higher in 1.26 times. Adding of MODENGY solid-lubricant coating to the coating from the alloy reduces its abrasion ability by 3 times, and the total wear rate ‒ by 1.34 times in comparison with the base friction pair. The used calculation-experimental method showed low wear rate of electrospark coatings of bronze and alloy in relation to the material of parts of the suction mechanism of vacuum-piston-type dough dividing machines.
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Tikalov, Andrey Vladimirovich, and Leonid Vladimirovich Yefremov. "Vibroacoustic Study of Abrasive Wear of Multilayered Sliding Bearings." Key Engineering Materials 822 (September 2019): 662–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.822.662.
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The article substantiates consistent patterns of wear at the example of microcutting materials in sliding bearings in dependence to grain sizes of abrasive cloths and hardness of bearing layers received with the use of vibroacoustic diagnostics and the method of artificial bases (MAB) in testing on the SMC-2 frictional machine. These patterns can be helpful for the assessment of quality and selection of materials for products [1,2], selection of the friction model [3], and selection of abrasive cloths for the diagnostics of the latter and assessment of the running-in period for the top coating.
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Cabrol, Elodie, Christine Boher, Vanessa Vidal, Farhad Rezai-Aria, and Fabienne Touratier. "A Wear Damage Assessment of High Temperature Forging Tool." Advanced Materials Research 966-967 (June 2014): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.966-967.103.
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High temperature forging tools are highly damaged by wear shearing under cyclic loading which reduces the life of tools. In real conditions, depending upon the tool areas, the level of wear can change. The surfaces of tools can be treated by cobalt-based hardfacing using different welding processes. This study focuses on tribological damages of Stellite 21 deposited by MIG process. Wear tests are carried out at room and high temperature on a ring on disc tribometer under high normal load. Different testing conditions are examined. The surface plastic strain due to the friction shear stresses is demonstrated by different methods like SEM observations, micro-hardness measurements and XRD analyses. More particularly, it is shown that the initial (200) crystallographic preferred orientation due to the welding process is modified into (111) crystallographic preferred orientation due to shear stresses regardless the loading. Moreover, a relationship between the gradient of the plastic shear strain at the friction subsurface and the level of the micro-hardness measurement has been established. In regard of the results, when the shear strain exceeds a threshold, the micro-hardness measurement is stabilised. The ultimate value could be induced by the stacking fault energy that is considered as weak in Stellites.
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Mukhacheva, T. L., T. M. Kalinina, and S. A. Kusmanov. "Evaluation of tribotechnical properties of modified surfaces after plasma electrolytic treatment." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2144, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2144/1/012031.
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Abstract The article considers the study of the effect of plasma electrolytic processing on the tribotechnical characteristics of medium-carbon steel. Friction tests were carried out in dry friction mode. Electron microscope and profilometer were used to study the friction tracks. For a comprehensive assessment of the quality of the modified surface layer, the Kragelsky-Kombalov complex parameter was calculated. It was found that plasma electrolytic treatment leads to a decrease in the coefficient of friction and weight wear in comparison with hardened and untreated steel. It has been determined that the mechanism of wear of samples after plasma electrolytic treatment is fatigue wear at boundary friction and plastic contact.
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Hakala, Timo J., Kenneth Holmberg, and Anssi Laukkanen. "Coupling Molecular Dynamics and Micromechanics for the Assessment of Friction and Damage Accumulation in Diamond-Like Carbon Thin Films under Lubricated Sliding Contacts." Lubricants 9, no. 3 (March 5, 2021): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants9030030.
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Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings have proven to be an excellent thin film solution for reducing friction of tribological systems as well as providing resistance to wear. These characteristics yield greater efficiency and longer lifetimes of tribological contacts with respect to surface solutions targeting for example automotive applications. However, the route from discovery to deployment of DLC films has taken its time and still the design of these solutions is largely done on a trial-and-error basis. This results in challenges both in designing and optimizing DLC films for specific applications and limits the understanding, and subsequently exploitation, of many of the underlying physical mechanisms responsible for its favorable frictional response and high resistance to various types of wear. In current work multiscale modeling is utilized to study the friction and wear response of DLC thin films in dry and lubricated contacts. Atomic scale mechanisms responsible for friction due to interactions between the sliding surfaces and shearing of the amorphous carbon surface are utilized to establish frictional response for microstructure scale modeling of DLC to DLC surface contacts under dry and graphene lubricated conditions. Then at the coarser microstructural scale both structure of the multilayer, substrate and surface topography of the DLC coating are incorporated in studying of the behavior of the tribosystem. A fracture model is included to evaluate the nucleation and growth of wear damage leading either to loss of adhesion or failure of one of the film constituents. The results demonstrate the dependency of atomistic scale friction on film characteristics, particularly hybridization of bonding and tribochemistry. The microstructure scale modeling signifies the behavior of the film as a tribosystem, the various material properties and the surface topography interact to produce the explicitly modeled failure response. Ultimately, the work contributes towards establishing multiscale modeling capabilities to better understand and design novel DLC material solutions for various tribological applications.
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Cho, Hak-Rae, Youngwan Je, and Koo-Hyun Chung. "Assessment of Wear Characteristics of Paper-Based Wet Friction Materials." International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing 19, no. 5 (May 2018): 705–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12541-018-0084-1.
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Kovriga, V. V., V. R. Gumen, V. V. Sevastyanov, and A. L. Kachalina. "Unifed indicator of the wear of plastics for different assessment methods." Plasticheskie massy, no. 7-8 (September 17, 2020): 21–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35164/0554-2901-2020-7-8-21-22.
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The possibility of describing the wear of plastics, determined according to international standards ISO 9352, ISO 4649, GOST 11012, DIN 52108, EN 295-3, using a unified wear indicator, which is the loss of the volume of the wear material per unit of friction path, has been studied. It is shown that different methods give close values of the unified indicator of wear resistance.
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Pinca-Bretotean, C., Arun Kumar Sharma, and A. Josan. "Investigation of functional characteristics of composites used for brake pads." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2212, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2212/1/012024.
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Abstract The friction material used for the brake pads should have a low wear rate, outstanding thermal stability to hold the braking properties of the vehicle and coefficient of friction should constant under different operating conditions which include loads which applied, temperature, dry or wet braking environment and speed. Due to this reason, every newly developed friction material’s fabrication should undergo a series of experimental tests to evaluate the friction as well as wear properties. In this article a study of frictional and wear behavior of friction material for ecological brake pads of road vehicles discussed. In the formulation of the friction material shells as a filler, a small amount of metal, silicon carbide, graphite, resin and hexametiltetramine were used. The main objective of the paper refers to the investigation of the impact of the working regime on friction material’s tribological characteristics. In this sense, were studied the evolution of the coefficient of friction and the thermal field at the contact surface between the friction couplings, the influence of load on the friction coefficient at different speeds and the influence of load on wear rate at a constant speed. The knowledge of the functional properties of the newly developed friction material produced in the laboratory provides the possibility of pertinent assessments regarding the durability of the brake pads during operations, as well as on the quantity of wear products released into the atmosphere. The results concluded that as a filler material this species of shells may be used in the fabrication of brake pads for road vehicles.
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Chichinadze, A. V., A. Yu Albagachiev, V. D. Kozhemyakina, S. S. Kokonin, A. V. Suvorov, and V. V. Kulakov. "Assessment of friction and wear characteristics of domestic friction composite materials in loaded aircraft brakes." Journal of Friction and Wear 30, no. 4 (August 2009): 261–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068366609040060.
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Ramachandran, G., K. Kathiresan, and M. Venkatesan. "Brake Characteristics and Cooling Methods – A Review." Applied Mechanics and Materials 813-814 (November 2015): 949–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.813-814.949.
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Braking system is important in any automobile. It is essential to decelerate the vehicle and stop it. Friction braking system is widely used system of braking. It makes use of frictional force to safely retard the vehicle. The temperature of the brake pad (stator) and disc (rotor) increases because of frictional force between them. Higher temperatures may lead to fading of brakes resulting in its failure. This paper briefly reviews published works on studying the wear and thermal characteristics of brake pads and on various available brake cooling methods. The microstructural changes in the brake pads are analyzed and reason for enhanced wear at higher temperatures is traced out. The various test results obtained using microscope (SEM), Friction assessment screening tests (FAST), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) are described in brief. A description of the available methods of enhancing the brake cooling and decreasing the wear rate is discussed. This work will be useful in planning further research in this important area of automotive field.
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Cherepov, Oleg, Aleksandr Antropov, Vitaliy Karmatskiy, Andrey Arkhipov, and Vasiliy Lapshin. "Methodology for estimating the resource of the friction vibration damper of a freight car trolley." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2094, no. 5 (November 1, 2021): 052064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2094/5/052064.
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Abstract The concept of digitalization of railway transport and the introduction of digital technologies provides for the creation of a “Digital Railway” based on a “Digital Twin”, including a “Digital Twin” of a car, which implements a number of information and organizational measures aimed at assessing the current technical condition of a real car during its operation; reducing the cost of the life cycle of the car; increasing the reliability of assemblies and parts (increasing the overhaul life); reduced maintenance costs; creation of a service maintenance system for freight cars throughout the life cycle. However, the wear of vibration damper parts is the most important parameter that determines the turnaround time, the volume of repairs and the dynamic qualities of the car, which requires more detailed and reliable scientific substantiation. The assessment of the wear of vibration damper parts (friction bar, friction wedge, bolster) is carried out in two ways - by direct examination of them in operation (in this case, wear is estimated by changing the linear dimensions, i.e., in mm over the service life) and according to the results of bench tests of models of vibration damper or testing samples on friction machines (in this case, wear is estimated by the mass of the worn-out material). The proposed method for predicting the wear of parts of frictional vibration dampers implements the Archard friction model, takes into account the variability of loads acting on the working surfaces, for which a method for determining the friction path under various driving conditions has been developed. The developed methodology makes it possible to evaluate their service interval at the design stage of the car’s running gears.
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Sirenko, H. O., A. V. Lutsas, M. B. Skladanyuk, and L. M. Soltys. "The Influence of Technological and Tribological Factors on the Aftereffect and Wear Resistance of Polymer Composites." Фізика і хімія твердого тіла 16, no. 2 (June 15, 2015): 360–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/pcss.16.2.360-372.
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The anti-wear properties of polymer composites based on polytetrafluoroethylene with not metallized and metallized carbon fibers in conditions of friction and wear in over limit and limit of specific loads have been researched. The definitions of loading and time indicators the aftereffect which give the quantitative assessment of influence processes and mechanism of friction and wear have been introduced first. It is established that in anti-wear tests of composites samples as in stepped over limit specific load (Ni=var) as in constant limit and specific load (Ni=const) with high probability appears time aftereffect.
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Lu, Guanchen, Xiaoliang Shi, Ao Zhang, Yuchun Huang, and Xiyao Liu. "Prediction and assessment of working conditions of TiAl matrix composite containing MoO3 tabular crystals based on Newton interpolation." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 70, no. 7 (September 10, 2018): 1217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-10-2017-0316.
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Purpose This paper aims to predict and evaluate the wear rate of TiAl-2 Wt.% MoO3 tabular crystals (TMCs) using the Newton interpolation methods. Design/methodology/approach The friction and wear behaviors of TMC were examined using pin-on-disc apparatus at different times, namely, 1,200, 2,400, 3,600, 4,800 and 6,000 s. The wear rates of five different times as interpolation nodes were measured and calculated by electron probe microanalysis (EMPA) and field emission electron microscope (FESEM). Then, the prediction formula of wear rate was constructed using the Newton interpolation method. The accuracy of the prediction formula and the relationship with friction layer and worn surface are verified for evaluating the reliability of the prediction formula. Findings The prediction formula shows a similar variation trend of TMC as the experimental results, indicating that the prediction formula can forecast the wear rate and working condition of TMC. Moreover, the microstructures of friction layer and worn surface also have a strong impact on the prediction formulas. Originality/value The prediction formulas of the Newton interpolation polynomial can be adopted to predict working longevity in the mechanical components, which can guide the practical engineering application in industrial fields.
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Khopin, P. N. "On the Friction Mechanisms and Assessment of Tribological Characteristics of Solid Lubricant Coatings of Various Application Methods." Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, no. 4 (745) (April 2022): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2022-4-73-86.
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The article analyzes the wear dynamics of solid lubricant coatings (SLC) of suspension, magnetron-high-frequency and diffusion methods of application. Calculated dependences are presented to assess the tribotechnical characteristics of the SLC. It was found that the service life of SLC based on MoS2 HF application in the considered ranges of surface temperature variations differs slightly from the that of SLC suspension application VNII NP 212. The wear of diffusion SLC M804 (Dimolit-4) in the steady-state friction mode is 34 µm. The wear rate of diffusion SLC М804 under vacuum conditions at a sliding speed of V = 0.2 m/s with the increase in contact pressure from 1 to 8 MPa increases by a factor of 2 and is on average 4.5 times higher than that of friction pairs with SLC VNII NP 212. Anti-friction characteristics of diffusion SLC in steady state friction modes at temperatures up to 600 °C were slightly higher than the similar characteristics for SLC with a binder. With an increase in heating temperatures to the limiting value of 800 °C, the friction coefficient of the diffusion SLC M801 and M810 (based on NbS2) decreases to the values of ffr = 0.03–0.04.
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Wojda, Sylwia M. "Comparative Analysis of Two Methods of Assessment Wear of Dental Materials." Acta Mechanica et Automatica 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ama-2015-0018.
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Abstract Wear of dental materials used for permanent dental fillings has a significant impact on their lifetime. Wear products generated during chewing process involving direct tribological contact between a composite and tooth enamel can cause damage not only to enamel itself but also to the entire tooth structure thus affecting the patient’s the health. It is essential therefore to assess the process of wear rates as well as the usefulness and effectiveness of the method used to measure these values. As there are a number of different methods used to quantify the loss of dental materials subjected to friction, eg.: scanning digital 3D models of dental casts, confocal microscope scanning or profilographometer measurements, the authors chose to analyze two selected research methods using confocal microscopy and profilographometer to assess their effectiveness. Two commercially available composite dental materials, i.e. ES and FFE previously subjected to friction tests in contact with human dental enamel, were used for the analysis.
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Dolata, Anna Janina, Jakub Wieczorek, Maciej Dyzia, and Michał Starczewski. "Assessment of the Tribological Properties of Aluminum Matrix Composites Intended for Cooperation with Piston Rings in Combustion Engines." Materials 15, no. 11 (May 26, 2022): 3806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15113806.
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Tribological interactions between the piston groove and ring in combustion engines have a significant influence on mechanical friction losses. Based on the analysis of the distribution of forces acting on the piston, the conditions for the friction tests were selected. The research was carried out on composites reinforced with silicon carbide (SiCp), glassy carbon (GCp), and a hybrid mixture of particles (SiCp + GCp). Tribological tests were carried out under extremely unfavorable dry sliding conditions using a pin-on-block tester. The friction of coefficient and wear values of the matrix alloy, composites, and iron were compared. Profilometry was used to perform quantitative and qualitative analyses of the wear tracks formed on the tested surfaces. The effect of the presence of reinforcing particles on the geometry of working surfaces was also evaluated. The obtained results show that AlSi12CuNiMg/SiCp and AlSi12CuNiMg/SiCp + GCp composites provided satisfactory effects towards stabilizing the friction coefficient and reducing the wear of tested tribological couples. This may provide a new solution dedicated to an important system, which is the piston groove/piston ring in diesel engines.
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Gachot, C., A. Rosenkranz, S. M. Hsu, and H. L. Costa. "A critical assessment of surface texturing for friction and wear improvement." Wear 372-373 (February 2017): 21–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2016.11.020.
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Agarwal, A. K., J. Bijwe, and L. M. Das. "Wear Assessment in a Biodiesel Fueled Compression Ignition Engine." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 125, no. 3 (July 1, 2003): 820–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1501079.
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Biodiesel is prepared using linseed oil and methanol by the process of transesterification. Use of linseed oil methyl ester (LOME) in a compression ignition engine was found to develop a highly compatible engine-fuel system with low emission characteristics. Two similar engines were operated using optimum biodiesel blend and mineral diesel oil, respectively. These were subjected to long-term endurance tests. Lubricating oil samples drawn from both engines after a fixed interval were subjected to elemental analysis. Quantification of various metal debris concentrations was done by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Wear metals were found to be about 30% lower for a biodiesel-operated engine system. Lubricating oil samples were also subjected to ferrography indicating lower wear debris concentrations for a biodiesel-operated engine. The additional lubricating property of LOME present in the fuel resulted in lower wear and improved life of moving components in a biodiesel-fuelled engine. However, this needed experimental verification and quantification. A series of experiments were thus conducted to compare the lubricity of various concentrations of LOME in biodiesel blends. Long duration tests were conducted using reciprocating motion in an SRV optimol wear tester to evaluate the coefficient of friction, specific wear rates, etc. The extent of damage, coefficient of friction, and specific wear rates decreased with increase in the percentage of LOME in the biodiesel blend. Scanning electron microscopy was conducted on the surfaces exposed to wear. The disk and pin using 20% biodiesel blend as the lubricating oil showed lesser damage compared to the one subjected to diesel oil as the lubricating fluid, confirming additional lubricity of biodiesel.
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Lei, Ting, Yue Min Gao, Guang Yan Chen, and Hao Zhou. "Electrical Contact Property of AuNi9/AuCuAgZn Sheet Tribo-Couple." Key Engineering Materials 667 (October 2015): 274–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.667.274.
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Gold-based alloys are widely used in electrical contact environment which requires small contact resistance, and friction pair components consisting of electrical contact has a direct impact on the properties of electrical contact. In this thesis, an experiment of AuNI9 brushes/AuCuAgZn gold sheets in a organization is designed to show the elastic properties of the brush, friction pair wear properties and environmental adaptability of the contact resistance, whose result indicates that the elastic properties of the brushes are stable, alloy sheets mainly produce wear when the brushes and gold sheets are used in matched pair and environmental assessment tests do not significantly increase the degree of wear of the friction pair components in low load condition.
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Vazquez Martinez, Juan, Irene Del Sol Illana, Patricia Iglesias Victoria, and Jorge Salguero. "Assessment the Sliding Wear Behavior of Laser Microtexturing Ti6Al4V under Wet Conditions." Coatings 9, no. 2 (January 24, 2019): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9020067.
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Laser micro-texturing processes, compared to untreated surfaces, can improve the friction, wear and wettability behavior of sliding parts. This improvement is related to the micro-geometry and the dimensions of the texture which is also dependent on the processing parameters. This research studied the effect of laser textured surfaces on the tribological behavior of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V. The influence of processing parameters was analyzed by changing the scanning speed of the beam and the energy density of pulse. First, the characterization of dimensional and geometrical features of the texturized tracks was carried out. Later, their influence on the wetting behavior was also evaluated through contact angle measurements using water as a contact fluid. Then, the tribological performance of these surfaces was analyzed using a ball-on-flat reciprocating tribometer under wet and dry conditions. Finally, wear mechanisms were identified employing electronic and optical microscopy techniques capable to evaluate the wear tracks on Ti surfaces and WC–Co spheres. These analyses had determined a strong dependence between the wear behavior and the laser patterning parameters. Wear friction effects were reduced by up to a 70% replacing conventional untreated surfaces of Ti6Al4V alloy with laser textured surfaces.
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Sugozu, Ilker, Ibrahim Can, and Cengiz Oner. "Investigation of using Calabrian pine cone dust and borax in brake pads." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 66, no. 6 (September 2, 2014): 678–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-03-2012-0029.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate use of calabrian pine (pinus brutia) cone (CPC) dust along with borax (BX) to assess the effect of friction coefficient. Despite the number of research studies completed on the mechanism of friction in automotive brake lining materials, the phenomenon is still not fully understood. Complex mechano-chemical processes occurring on the friction interface of a composite friction material make it difficult to understand the correlation between the formulation of brake lining and the frictional performance. Design/methodology/approach – In this study, the use of CPC dust along with BX has been investigated for assessing the effect on friction coefficient. CPC has resin in it. BX is a boron production which is widely used in boron glass production and in ceramic industry for increasing the heat- resistant and -forming abrasion resistant. Newly formulated brake lining material with five different ingredients has been tested under Friction Assessment and Screening Test. Friction coefficient, wear rate and scanning electron microscope for friction surface were examined to assess the performance of these samples. Findings – Analysis of the experimental results shows that the brake lining material containing CPC and BX significantly improved the stability of the friction coefficient, fade and wear resistance. Originality/value – Several investigations have been conducted to use different materials in brake pads. The brake pad standards have been provided in previous studies, as well as the aims for economical and sustainable production. In the present study, production of brake pads by CPC dust and BX has been executed. Parallel results have been presented between previously reported and present study, in view of brake characteristics and wear resistance. Use of the lower cost and productive organic sources of material are the main improvement of the present study.
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Rastegaev, Igor, Dmitry Merson, Inna Rastegaeva, and Alexei Vinogradov. "A Time-Frequency Based Approach for Acoustic Emission Assessment of Sliding Wear." Lubricants 8, no. 5 (May 9, 2020): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants8050052.
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The acoustic emission method is one of few contemporary non-destructive testing techniques enabling continuous on-line health monitoring and control of tribological systems. However, the existence of multiple “pseudo”-acoustic emission (AE) and noise sources during friction, and their random occurrence poses serious challenges for researchers and practitioners when extracting “useful” information from the upcoming AE signal. These challenges and numerous uncertainties in signal classification prevent the unequivocal interpretation of results and hinder wider uptake of the AE technique despite its apparent advantages. Currently, the signal recording and processing technologies are booming, and new applications are born on this support. Specific tribology applications, therefore, call for developing new and tuning existing approaches to the online AE monitoring and analysis. In the present work, we critically analyze, compare and summarize the results of the application of several filtering techniques and AE signal classifiers in model tribological sliding friction systems allowing for the simulation of predominant wear mechanisms. Several effective schemes of AE data processing were identified through extensive comparative studies. Guidelines were provided for practical application, including the online monitoring and control of the systems with friction, characterizing the severity and timing of damage, on-line evaluation of wear as sliding contact tests and instrumented acceleration of tribological testing and cost reduction.
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Liashok, A. V., and Yu B. Popova. "Using Artificial Neural Networks to Determine Wear of Composite Friction Material." Science & Technique 20, no. 4 (July 19, 2021): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2021-20-4-345-351.
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Sintered friction materials are widely used in friction units of automotive vehicles and special purpose vehicles. The main purpose is to transmit torque to the actuator. The development of the technology market requires the development and use of new units. At the same time, the creation of new materials is required, which also applies to sintered friction materials. This group of materials is characterized by a high service life, efficiency of torque transmission, as well as the ability to restore performance in case of violation of operating modes. One of the most significant parameters characterizing a sintered friction material is wear resistance. In most cases, it determines not only the resource of the unit itself, but the entire machine as a whole. A special place is occupied by brake units, which also use friction materials. The increased wear resistance of the friction material contributes to a decrease in the efficiency and service life of the brake system. Evaluation of the wear resistance of a friction material for the given operational parameters is a very long and costly process. The development of methodology and methods for accelerating the assessment of wear resistance is an important scientific and practical task. The paper presents the results of using artificial neural networks to predict the service life of a composite friction material based on copper on the sliding speed, pressure on the material and the amount of lubricant supplied to the friction zone. An artificial neural network has been trained using an array of experimental data for the FM-15 friction material. The training results have shown high accuracy, correctness of the proposed and implemented network architecture. The developed software has demonstrated its efficiency and the possibility of using it in calculations to determine the wear of a composite friction material.
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Pusterhofer, Michael, Florian Summer, Michael Maier, and Florian Grün. "Assessment of Shaft Surface Structures on the Tribological Behavior of Journal Bearings by Physical and Virtual Simulation." Lubricants 8, no. 1 (January 15, 2020): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants8010008.
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Optimizing the surface topography of cast iron crankshafts offers the opportunity to use this material as an alternative to steel in high-performance combustion engines. In the past, this was not possible due to the higher wear on bearing shells and the higher friction losses in relation to forged steel shafts. In order to find an optimized shaft micro topography, the friction and wear behavior of steel and cast iron shafts with different surface treatments were compared to each other, using a combined physical (experimental) and a virtual (computational) simulation approach. The experiments were carried out with a rotary tribometer using a journal bearing test configuration with the possibility to test real-life bearing shells and shaft specimens, manufactured from real-life crankshafts. In the experiments, a polished steel shaft with low bearing wear was effective. The optimization of cast iron crankshafts by a novel surface treatment showed a significant reduction of bearing wear in relation to the classical surface finishing procedures of cast iron shafts. A computational simulation approach, considering the real-life micro topography by using the Navier–Stokes equations for the calculation of micro hydrodynamics, supports the assessment of fluid friction. The virtual simulation shows, in accordance to the experimental results, only a minor influence of the investigated shaft topographies on the fluid friction. Further optimization of shaft surfaces for journal bearing systems seems possible only by the usage of patterned micro topographies.
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NAPIÓRKOWSKI, Jerzy, and Magdalena LEMECHA. "THE EFFECT OF ABRASIVE SOIL MASS DENSITY ON THE TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF STEEL." Tribologia 281, no. 5 (November 1, 2018): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7655.
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Even though soil mass density is among the basic characteristics of a soil mass, it has not been analysed in terms of wear impact on steel. This paper presents the results of testing for the wear of abrasion-resistant steel within a soil mass with varied density. The experiment was carried out under laboratory conditions using the “rotating bowl” method in a medium soil with varied moisture content. The following were determined: mass wear, an assessment of the friction coefficient development, and the image of the surface after the friction test. It was found that, within a soil mass with a significant plastic fraction content, the greatest wear of soil occurred for a density of approx. 1.4 g/cm3.
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Sugozu, ilker, ibrahim mutlu, and Kezban Banu Sugozu. "The effect of colemanite on the friction performance of automotive brake friction materials." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 68, no. 1 (February 8, 2016): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-04-2015-0044.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate use of colemanite (C) upon friction and wear performance of automotive brake lining. Brake lining production with the boron product colemanite addition and braking characterization investigated for development of non-asbestos organic (NAO) brake lining because of negative effects on human health and environmental hazard of asbestos containing linings. During the braking, brake lining is warmed up extremely due to friction, and the high temperature causes to decreasing of breaking performance. Colemanite has high melting temperature, and this makes this material valuable for brake lining. Design/methodology/approach – This study investigated the effect of colemanite (C) upon friction and wear performance of automotive brake lining. Based on a simple experimental formulation, different amounts of boron product colemanite were used and then evaluated using a friction assessment and screening test. In these specimens, half of the samples (shown with H indices) were heat treated in 4 h at 180°C temperature. Friction coefficient, wear rate and scanning electron microscope for friction surfaces were used to assess the performance of these samples. Findings – The results of test showed that colemanite can substantially improve properties of friction materials. The friction coefficient of friction materials modified with colemanite varies steadily with the change of temperature, and the wearing rate of friction materials is relatively low by using colemanite. Heat treatment-applied samples (CH) have provided a higher and stable friction coefficient. These results indicate that colemanite has ideal application effect in various friction materials. Originality/value – This paper fulfils an identified information and offers practical help to the industrial firms working with brake lining and also to the academicians working on wear of materials. Parallel results have been presented between previously reported and present study, in view of brake characteristics and wear resistance. Use of the lower cost and productive organic sources of material are the main improvement of the present study.
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Shamsipur, Ali, Seyed Farshid Kashani-Bozorg, and Abbas Zarei Hanzaki. "Wear Assessment of Ti/SiC Surface Nano-Composite Layer and its Associated CP-Ti Substrate." Advanced Materials Research 445 (January 2012): 595–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.445.595.
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In the present investigation, the surface of a commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) substrate was modified to Ti/SiC nanocomposite layer employing friction stir processing technique; nanosized SiC powder was introduced into the stir zone provided by a rotating and advancing tool. The fabricated nanocomposite surface layer exhibited a micro hardness value of ~535HV which is much greater than 160HV of the substrate material using Vickers micro hardness testing. In addition, the un-treated CP-Ti substrate showed sever wear regime in the pin-on-disc test against the hardened AISI 52100 steel. It suffers extensive typical adhesive wear dominated by plastic deformation as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy. Also, deep grooves were formed, i.e. evidence of abrasive wear. Contrary to this, enhanced wear properties were detected for the Ti/SiC nanocomposite surface layer, i.e. lower coefficient of friction and weight loss. The nanocomposite surface layer was found to be adherent to the underlying substrate during the pin-on-disc test. The superior wear behavior of the nanocomposite surface layer is attributed to its improved micro hardness value due to the presence of hard nanosize SiC particles in a refined titanium matrix.
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Jozwik, Jerzy, Krzysztof Dziedzic, Marcin Barszcz, and Mykhaylo Pashechko. "Analysis and Comparative Assessment of Basic Tribological Properties of Selected Polymer Composites." Materials 13, no. 1 (December 22, 2019): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13010075.
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Phenomena occurring in the contact area between two mating bodies are characterised by high complexity and variability. Comparisons are usually made between parameters such as the coefficient of friction, friction force, wear and temperature in relation to time and friction path. Their correct measurement enables the proper evaluation of tribological properties of materials used in the friction pair. This paper concerns the measurements of basic tribological parameters in the friction of selected polymer composites. Knowing the tribological properties of these composite materials, it will be possible to create proper operating conditions for kinematic friction pairs. This study investigated the coefficients of friction, friction force and temperatures of six polymer composites: cast polyamide PA6 G with oil, PA6 G with MoS2, polyoxymethylene POM with aluminium, polyethylene terephthalate PET with polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE, PTFE with bronze, and PTFE with graphite. The friction surface was also examined using an optical system and computer software for 3D measurements. As a result, PA6-G with oil was found to be the best choice as a composite material for thin sliding coatings.
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Serafińska, Aleksandra, Wolfgang Graf, and Michael Kaliske. "Artificial Neural Networks Based Friction Law for Elastomeric Materials Applied in Finite Element Sliding Contact Simulations." Complexity 2018 (November 19, 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4396758.
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A realistic characterization of the frictional behaviour of materials and mechanical systems is of prime importance for the assessment of their contact interaction properties, especially in the context of undesired temperature rise or intensive wear leading to service life reduction. A characteristic tribological property of elastomeric materials is the dependency of the friction coefficient on the local contact pressure, sliding velocity, and temperature in the contact interface. Thus, the friction coefficient is not constant in the entire contact area but varies according to the magnitudes of the aforementioned three influencing factors. In this contribution, a friction law based on artificial neural networks (ANN) is presented, which is able to capture the nonlinear dependencies of the friction coefficient on the contact pressure, sliding velocity, and temperature. Due to an extraordinary adaptivity of the ANN structure, these nonlinear relations stemming from experimental data can be modelled properly within the introduced friction law, in contrast to other friction formulations, which are limited by the fitting quality of their parameters. The ANN based friction law is implemented into a contact formulation of the finite element method (FEM). Especially, the linearization of contact contributions to the weak form of momentum balance equation, required for the FEM, is developed taking into account the differentiability of the ANN. The applicability of the developed friction law within the finite element analysis of tires as well as within sliding simulations of rubber elements is presented in this paper.
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Sawczuk, Wojciech. "The Application of Vibration Accelerations in the Assessment of Average Friction Coefficient of a Railway Brake Disc." Measurement Science Review 17, no. 3 (June 1, 2017): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msr-2017-0016.
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AbstractDue to their wide range of friction characteristics resulting from the application of different friction materials and good heat dissipation conditions, railway disc brakes have long replaced block brakes in many rail vehicles. A block brake still remains in use, however, in low speed cargo trains. The paper presents the assessment of the braking process through the analysis of vibrations generated by the components of the brake system during braking. It presents a possibility of a wider application of vibroacoustic diagnostics (VA), which aside from the assessment of technical conditions (wear of brake pads) also enables the determination of the changes of the average friction coefficient as a function of the braking onset speed. Vibration signals of XYZ were measured and analyzed. The analysis of the results has shown that there is a relation between the values of the point measures and the wear of the brake pads.
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Hnilicová, Michaela, Ján Turis, and Richard Hnilica. "Application of Multidimensional Statistical Analysis in Tribotechnical Diagnostics of Hydraulic Fluids in Woodworking Equipment." Materials 14, no. 16 (August 17, 2021): 4628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164628.
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The article dealt with the assessment of the quality of hydraulic oil and determination of the mode of wear of the friction surfaces of Baljer & Zembrod manipulating lines through the information traces in the oils by applying tribotechnical diagnostics. We presented the assessment of the level of degradation of the oils. In addition, we presented the mode of wear of the friction surfaces washed in oil through evaluation of the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the particles found in the oil. In detail, we focused on the application of suitable multivariate statistical methods on the data matrix. The article also presents predictive models that can sort oils into groups based on the assessment of quality of the oil and the state of the friction couples. The models can be used in research and in solving practical tasks in tribotechnical diagnostics of hydraulic fluids in woodworking equipment. Our results showed that the manipulation lines were greatly thermically stressed due to inadequate oil and machine maintenance. By correlative integration of all methods used, we could determine the real mode of the wear of the tribologic nodes of the machine. The experiment enabled the early detection of an undesirable process in the tribological node and implementation of corrective measures before the machine would break down.
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Mosarof, M. H., M. A. Kalam, H. H. Masjuki, Abdullah Alabdulkarem, M. Habibullah, A. Arslan, and I. M. Monirul. "Assessment of friction and wear characteristics of Calophyllum inophyllum and palm biodiesel." Industrial Crops and Products 83 (May 2016): 470–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.12.082.
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Chernets, Myron, A. Kornienko, Yu Chernets, and S. Fedorchuk. "Analytical assessment of the sliding friction coefficient influence on durability, wear and contact pressure in spur gears." FME Transactions 49, no. 2 (2021): 472–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/fme2102472c.
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The research of influence of sliding friction coefficient on durability is carried out for gear train containing steel wheels and metal-polymer gear trains containing polyamide gears reinforced with carbon and glass dispersion fibers. The teeth engagement conditions (two teeth pairs - single tooth pair - two teeth pairs) and the change of teeth tribocontact interaction conditions due to wear are also taken into account. The gear train containing the carbon-filled composite gear has the highest durability in comparison with other types in all ranges of change of sliding friction coefficient. The highest maximum contact pressures will be at the point of entry into the one-pair engagement. The change of initial maximum contact pressures in gear train due to tooth wear was also investigated and its regularities were established. The kinetics of the tooth profile wear was studied. It is established that the maximum wear will be at the point of entry into the one-pair engagement. Close to it will be the wear at the entrance into the two-pair engagement. The course of wear at different points of engagement for the studied gear trains containing steel toothed wheels and gear trains containing steel and composite gears is almost the same except for the point of the teeth exit from the engagement.
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Tobe, S., M. Yamane, and T. A. Stolarski. "Friction and wear of polytetrafluoroethylene reservoirs embedded into metallurgical coatings." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 219, no. 2 (February 1, 2005): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/135065005x9781.
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Assessment of tribological performance of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) reservoirs embedded into two metallurgical coatings [copper-aluminium (Cu-Al) alloy and molybdenum] and arranged in three different patterns was the main aim of studies reported in this paper. PTFE reservoirs were arranged in such a way that the load on the contact, at any given moment, was supported by both PTFE and hard coating. Two different contact configurations were used. Of the two coating materials used, the Cu-Al performed better in terms of friction force magnitude. Performance of the three different shapes of PTFE reservoirs depends on both the coating material and the contact configuration.
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Paradecka, Agnieszka, Krzysztof Lukaszkowicz, and Jozef Sondor. "Assessment of Tribological Properties of Low Friction Thin Layers Produced by Vacuum Methods." Solid State Phenomena 293 (July 2019): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.293.125.
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Low friction thin layers are an excellent alternative for conventional coatings. They provide increased life of the elements, to which they were applied, due to enhancing the hardness or chemical and electrochemical resistance. They help to avoid the cracks, oxidation, as well as possible structural changes during the element's work. However, they primarily improve tribological properties by increasing wear resistance and reducing the friction. This also applies to components operating under variable conditions such as load, speed, temperature. The presented article analyzes the properties of various low-friction thin layers deposited by vacuum methods on the steel substrates. DLC, TiC, MoS2, CrCN thin layers were chosen, as they achieve the lowest possible coefficient of friction. In the framework of this work the measurements of adhesion of the investigated layers to the substrate as well as the friction coefficient, chemical analysis, microstructure and topographic analysis of the low-friction layers were carried out.
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Lonkwic, Poul, Tomasz Krakowski, and Hubert Ruta. "Application of Stray Magnetic Field for Monitoring the Wear Degree in Steel Components of the Lift Guide Rail System." Metals 10, no. 8 (July 27, 2020): 1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10081008.
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This paper presents the results of forced wear simulation of the friction lift guide rails. The forced wear in the case discussed is an effect of plastic strain of the guide rail surface due to emergency braking of the lift. For the purpose of qualitative and quantitative assessment of wear, the authors applied the numerical simulation of a stray magnetic field. Application of this method allowed evaluating the degree of wear based on the stray field changes. Application of this simulation method allowed obtaining satisfactory results of qualitative and quantitative assessment of the guide rail wear. The intention of this paper was to prove that the permanent magnetic field and the stray field can be applied for the efficient detection of the steel guide rail damages and to verify the possibility of making the quantitative assessment related to the guide rail wear degree versus the personal lift service life.
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Wang, Guolin, Kaiqiang Li, and Haichao Zhou. "Abnormal wear analysis of straddle-type monorail vehicle running wheel tire." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 11 (November 2019): 168781401988975. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814019889751.
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On the Chongqing’s straddle-type monorail train in China, serious abnormal wear of running wheel tires occurs in its routine use, leading to a series of safety, environmental, and economic concerns. To analyze the causes of abnormal wear, a dynamic model of straddle-type monorail vehicle with full consideration to the lateral behavior of running wheel tire was established using Lagrange equations and verified by Zhong’s model created using SIMPACK. Based on the boundary conditions provided in the dynamic model and the friction characteristics of tire and pavement, a finite element model of the running wheel tire was built and validated with vertical, lateral, and longitudinal stiffness tests of corresponding tires. The wear situations of each running wheel tire under extreme turning condition were described in detail with the contact behavior and an assessment was done based on the friction work and the friction work skewness value. Besides, the influence of slip angle, roll angle, and their combined effect on the abnormal wear of running wheel tire was analyzed. This research proposes that, reasonable matching of the slip angle and the roll angle is of engineering significance and it can reduce uneven wear of the running wheel tire.
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Башков, О. В., and А. А. Афанасьева. "Study of the structure and frictional properties of a new composite friction material." MORSKIE INTELLEKTUAL`NYE TEHNOLOGII)</msg>, no. 4(54) (December 2, 2021): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.37220/mit.2021.54.4.032.
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В статье приведены результаты исследования фрикционных свойств и структуры нового композиционного фрикционного материала (КФМ). В ходе исследования были разработаны восемь перспективных составов КФМ, полученных методом порошковой металлургии. Фрикционные испытания новых материалов проводились на испытательной машине на трение и износ ИИ5018, оснащённой программным комплексом Tester 3.0, позволяющим точно фиксировать изменение момента трения в течение испытания с построением графика и автоматическим расчётом параметров трения. Методика испытаний позволила имитировать условия фрикционного взаимодействия, возникающие в муфтах электроприводов, применяемых в наземном и морском транспорте. По результатам испытаний оценивались величина коэффициента трения и его стабильность на протяжении цикла испытания и в диапазоне рабочих регулировок электропривода, а также износостойкость КФМ. На основании исследований структуры поверхности трения и качественной оценки стабильности коэффициента трения был определён оптимальный состав КФМ, способный обеспечить стабильную и безопасную работу электропривода в диапазоне рабочих регулировок. The article presents the results of a study of the frictional properties and structure of a new composite frictional material (CFM). In the course of the study, eight promising CFM compositions were developed, obtained by the method of powder metallurgy. Friction tests were carried out on a friction and wear testing machine II5018, equipped with the software package Tester 3.0, which allows registering the change in friction moment during the test with plotting and automatic calculation of friction parameters. The test technique made it possible to simulate the conditions of frictional interaction arising in the couplings of electric drives used in land and sea transport. After the tests, the value of the friction coefficient, its stability during the test cycle and in the range of operating adjustments of the electric drive and the wear resistance of the CFM were evaluated. Based on the analysis of the structure of the friction surface and a qualitative assessment of the stability of the coefficient of friction, the optimal composition of the CFM capable of ensuring stable and safe operation of the electric drive in the range of operating adjustments was determined.
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Popov, Dmitriy, M. Rudik, and A. Podzolkov. "ASSESSMENT OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE HEAT SHIELDING EFFECT OF OILS ON THE POSSIBILITY OF JAMMING IN THE MOBILE INTERFACES OF TRANSPORT VEHICLES." Actual directions of scientific researches of the XXI century: theory and practice 8, no. 1 (October 26, 2020): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/2308-8877-2020-8-1-135-139.
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the influence of the heat-shielding effect of oils on the occurrence of wear in mobile interfaces during jamming, characterized by such a defect as a bully and accompanied by the transfer of metal from one friction surface to another, is analyzed. The research was carried out both on the basis of theoretical calculations based on the thermodynamic theory of friction, and empirical tests using the developed device for simulating a temperature flash on a stationary friction contact and subsequent observation of the propagation of the heat flow according to the indications of thermocouples.
On the basis of theoretical assumptions, and the results of the research, the hypothesis that the heat energy released as the result of frictional interactions at microscopic contact, has a high density and is spread with considerable speed mainly in the direction with the lowest thermal resistance due to the thermophysical characteristics of the material (density, conductivity) and thermal capacity, for example, thin boundary films (oil, oxide, servovite, sputtered, etc.) with a thickness of 1 µm and is comparable with the height of asperities.
The results of the research confirm the hypothesis about the role of the heat-shielding effect of lubricants on the microcontact overheating and changes in the structure and properties of both the lubricant and the metal surface layer, which in turn cause increased wear of machine parts.
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Sawczuk, Wojciech, Agnieszka Merkisz-Guranowska, and Armando-Miguel Rilo Cañás. "Assessment of disc brake vibration in rail vehicle operation on the basis of brake stand." Eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc - Maintenance and Reliability 23, no. 2 (February 3, 2021): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17531/ein.2021.2.2.
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The scientific aim of the article is to present the relationship between the vibroacoustic signals of the right and left friction pad during braking, depending on the mass distribution, as an element of the lever system. This article presents the results of tests of a railway disc brake in the scope of vibrations generated by pads in various states of wear located on both sides of the brake disc. The tests were carried out on the brake stand using the vibroacoustic method including the analysis of amplitudes and frequencies and the thermal imaging method. Special attention was paid to the analysis of the classic lever mechanism as a multimass system influencing the thermo-mechanical characteristics and vibrations of the pads on the right and left side of the brake disc. Uneven mass distribution of the system translates into uneven wear of the friction components. The scientific aim of this paper is to present the relation between vibroacoustic signals of the right and left friction pad during braking depending on the mass distribution of the lever system component.
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Scholes, S. C., I. A. Inman, A. Unsworth, and E. Jones. "Tribological assessment of a flexible carbon-fibre-reinforced poly(ether—ether—ketone) acetabular cup articulating against an alumina femoral head." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 222, no. 3 (March 1, 2008): 273–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544119jeim334.
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New material combinations have been introduced as the bearing surfaces of hip prostheses in an attempt to prolong their life by overcoming the problems of failure due to wear-particle-induced osteolysis. This will hopefully reduce the need for revision surgery. The study detailed here used a hip simulator to assess the volumetric wear rates of large-diameter carbon-fibre-reinforced pitch-based poly(ether—ether—ketone) (CFR-PEEK) acetabular cups articulating against alumina femoral heads. The joints were tested for 25×106 cycles. Friction tests were also performed on these joints to determine the lubrication regime under which they operate. The average volumetric wear rate of the CFR-PEEK acetabular component of 54 mm diameter was 1.16 mm3/106 cycles, compared with 38.6 mm3/106 cycles for an ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene acetabular component of 28 mm diameter worn against a ceramic head. This extremely low wear rate was sustained over 25×106 cycles (the equivalent of up to approximately 25 years in vivo). The frictional studies showed that the joints worked under the mixed—boundary lubrication regime. The low wear produced by these joints showed that this novel joint couple offers low wear rates and therefore may be an alternative material choice for the reduction of osteolysis.
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Hu, Ya Hui, Shi Gang Chen, Lei Wang, and Zhi Xiang He. "Study of the Statistical Models with Contact Parameters of Machine Tool Guideway Rough Surface." Key Engineering Materials 568 (July 2013): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.568.55.
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Friction and wear of the guideway is an important factor which affects its precision, the parameter which affects friction and wear performance is no single. Among them, surface precision of the guideway has a great influence on the wear. In this paper, Taylor Hobson roughness profilometer is used to measure the guideway specimen according to the principle of statistics, and then the surface topography assessment parameters are obtained. Based on those, the rough surface topography is characterized and statistical models with contact parameters are established. Contact models are analyzed by using simulation software Mat lathe results: the contact parameter values show linear growth trend as the distance decreasing, the values become smaller as the roughness increasing, but the trend increases corresponsive.
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BĄKOWSKI, Henryk, Zbigniew STANIK, and Bartosz CHMIELA. "THE USE OF METALLOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF FRICTION LININGS IN THE BRAKING SYSTEM TO DETERMINE THE PROCESSES OF TRIBOLOGICAL WEAR." Tribologia 279, no. 3 (July 1, 2018): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7002.
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The work presents metallographic examinations of worn brake linings under various operating conditions. The main purpose of this work is to determine the types of friction pair wear of braking systems under specific operating conditions. This is important for car service employees and appraisers who, based on quantitative and qualitative analysis, will determine the dominant mechanisms of wear. This is very important due to the possibility of determining the operating conditions, and thus the assessment of the use not only of the friction pair, but also the entire technical object, which is a motor vehicle. On the basis of the quantitative metallographic analysis of the research, individual wear mechanisms were presented, taking into account the determined diagnostic criteria during the measurement.
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Yuan, Wei, Guangneng Dong, Kwai Sang Chin, Meng Hua, and Qianjian Guo. "Tribology assessment of surface-contact sliding pairs with streak defect under dynamic harmonic excitation loading." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 70, no. 3 (April 9, 2018): 481–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-10-2016-0250.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose Streak defect and dynamic harmonic excitation (DHE) loading play important roles in machine operating conditions. The purpose of this paper was to assess the effects of streak defect and DHE loading on the tribological properties of surface-contact friction pairs, for example the differential gear end-face on the washer, via experimental investigation. Design/methodology/approach Streak defect was artificially introduced into the washer surface, which was loaded with DHE loads produced by a spring-connecting weight system. The wear scar of the washers and the monitored friction force signals were respectively scanned using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and analyzed using wavelet simulation. Findings The friction force curves, SEM images and discrete wavelet transform results indicate that DHE loading tends to increase friction force, to accelerate plowing damages and result in side-flow of material and plastic deformation on the surfaces of the washer. Whereas, streak oil-channel textures on washer specimen can be machined to modify the lubrication condition in the running-in stage so as to improve the tribological properties of the sliding pairs which were even subjected to DHE loading. Originality/value On the basis of this thesis research, the effect of streak defect and DHE loading on tribological performance of surface-contact sliding pairs is discussed. The results of wear form and friction state with the effect of streak defect and DHE loading facilitate to optimize the operating condition of mechanical parts.