Journal articles on the topic 'Weapons'
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1
Czosseck, Christian, and Karlis Podins. "A Vulnerability-Based Model of Cyber Weapons and its Implications for Cyber Conflict." International Journal of Cyber Warfare and Terrorism 2, no. 1 (January 2012): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcwt.2012010102.
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Throughout history, mankind has developed and employed novel weapons and countermeasures. Both offensive and defensive weapon systems are limited by the laws of nature. Consequently, military concepts and doctrines were designed by implicitly taking into account those limitations. The digital age has introduced a new class of weaponry that poses an initial challenge to the common understanding of conflict and warfare due to their different characteristics: cyber weapons. This article explores the crucial differences between the conventional weapon and cyber weapon domains, starting a debate as to what extent classical concepts and doctrines are applicable to cyberspace and cyber conflict. The authors propose a definition of cyber weapons being an instrument consisting primarily of data and knowledge, presenting them in the form of prepared and executed computer codes on or a sequence of user interactions with a vulnerable system. The authors describe a vulnerability-based model for cyber weapons and for cyber defence. This model is then applied to describe the relationship between cyber-capable actors (e.g. States). The proposed model clarifies important implications for cyber coalition-building and disarmament. Furthermore, it presents a general solution for the problem of the destruction of cyber weapons, i.e., in the context of cyber arms control.
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Choi, Duke, Kelvin Hockenbraugh-White, Jessica Mcallister, Christian Mckenrick, and Paul Santamaria. "Reducing the Visual Signature of the M4A1 Rifle." Industrial and Systems Engineering Review 4, no. 2 (November 12, 2016): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37266/iser.2016v4i2.pp163-170.
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The Maneuver Center of Excellence (MCoE) presented a directive to reduce the visual signature for small arms weapons by altering the color of the M4A1 rifle from its traditional black color. This research utilizes the Systems Decision Process (SDP) to develop and analyze alternatives to create a feasible and permanent solution to reduce the weapon’s visual signature. The research consisted of an extensive stakeholder and functional analysis to develop a value model and framework that provides a values-based recommendation. The model establishes an optimal color change process that accounts for the design and performance characteristics of the weapon system and the stakeholder’s values. The research also analyzes the potential integration of short wave infrared (SWIR) mitigation into the new color of the weapon. This analysis will establish a baseline methodology for weapon color change for all Army small arms weapons.
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Tzouriadis, Iason Eleftherios, and Jacob Deacon. "A Long-Distance Relationship: Staff Weapons as a Microcosm for the Study of Fight Books, c. 1400-1550." Acta Periodica Duellatorum 8, no. 1 (October 15, 2020): 45–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.36950/apd-2020-004.
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The fifteenth-century fight book author Filippo Vadi wrote that the sword “is a cross and a royal weapon”: this inherent chivalric symbolism associated with the sword has led to a wealth of scholarship on the weapon but seemingly at a cost to research into other forms of weaponry used in medieval and early modern Europe, particularly various typologies of staff weapons. This article presents an analysis of the appearance staff weapons in the heterogeneous fight book genre. It uses their limited appearance, in comparison to swords, as a means of creating a microcosm through which several questions about the wider fight book genre can be assessed.
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Ahmad, Nadia. "The Language Barrier: Can the ICC Prosecute Chemical Warfare?" Human Rights Quarterly 46, no. 1 (February 2024): 98–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hrq.2024.a918541.
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ABSTRACT: International law has come a long way in outlawing chemical weapon usage during warfare. From the 1907 Hague Convention to the 1997 Chemical Weapons Convention, there exists a comprehensive and mostly successful prohibition and verification regime for chemical weapons. However, the advent of modern warfare in recent conflicts in Syria and in Ukraine demonstrates compliance control is severely lacking for this form of weaponry. Consequently, there is no comprehensive accountability framework for international humanitarian law violations in the form of chemical weapon usage. Without explicit language criminalizing it, this heinous form of war crime ends up slipping under the radar. This article explores these jurisdictional gaps in both international and non-international armed conflicts and recommends ways the international community should cement its commitment to penalizing chemical weapon utilization.
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Fidler, David P. "The meaning of Moscow: “Non-lethal” weapons and international law in the early 21st century." International Review of the Red Cross 87, no. 859 (September 2005): 525–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383100184371.
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AbstractAt the intersection of new weapon technologies and international humanitarian law, so-called “non-lethal” weapons have become an area of particular interest. This article analyses the relationship between “non-lethal” weapons and international law in the early 21st century by focusing on the most seminal incident to date in the short history of the “non-lethal” weapons debate, the use of an incapacitating chemical to end a terrorist attack on a Moscow theatre in October 2002. This tragic incident has shown that rapid technological change will continue to stress international law on the development and use of weaponry but in ways more politically charged, legally complicated and ethically challenging than the application of international humanitarian law in the past.
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Puzanov, D. V. "Were Weapons of the Normans and Rus’ “Alive”?" Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Gumanitarnye Nauki 163, no. 6 (2021): 168–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/2541-7738.2021.6.168-178.
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Weapons, according to the Northern Germans, could directly influence the world. Many researchers interpret it as evidence that the Normans identified their weapons with living beings. This article shows that the Northern Germans’ beliefs in actor weapons can be better understood through the lens of their deep conviction that any weapon has its “biography”, whereas trying to understand their views based on the idea of “partially animate” weapons is unhelpful. Provided that various material items accumulate their “biography”, one can potentially explain the grounds for the belief in such forms of the activity of weapons that are not related to the features of a living being. For example, an enchanted weapon affects the world by means similar to computer algorithms. The magical properties of a weapon could have been determined by the person who made it. Having been considered as special items, weapons were used to cast spells during the conclusion of international treaties. The historical sources focused on the idea of “weapons coming to life” only reveal that some mythological creatures (gods or magicians) have the power to invisibly control weapons. Therefore, these sources fail to confirm that the Normans and Rus’ believed in “animate” weapons.
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O'Brien, Devin M., Romain P. Boisseau, Meghan Duell, Erin McCullough, Erin C. Powell, Ummat Somjee, Sarah Solie, et al. "Muscle mass drives cost in sexually selected arthropod weapons." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1905 (June 26, 2019): 20191063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1063.
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Sexually selected weapons often function as honest signals of fighting ability. If poor-quality individuals produce high-quality weapons, then receivers should focus on other, more reliable signals. Cost is one way to maintain signal integrity. The costs of weapons tend to increase with relative weapon size, and thereby restrict large weapons to high-quality individuals who can produce and maintain them. Weapon cost, however, appears to be unpredictably variable both within and across taxa, and the mechanisms underlying this variation remain unclear. We suggest variation in weapon cost may result from variation in weapon composition—specifically, differences in the amount of muscle mass directly associated with the weapon. We test this idea by measuring the metabolic cost of sexually selected weapons in seven arthropod species and relating these measures to weapon muscle mass. We show that individuals with relatively large weapon muscles have disproportionately high resting metabolic rates and provide evidence that this trend is driven by weapon muscle mass. Overall, our results suggest that variation in weapon cost can be partially explained by variation in weapon morphology and that the integrity of weapon signals may be maintained by increased metabolic cost in species with relatively high weapon muscle mass.
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Witarti, Denik Iswardani, and Anggun Puspitasari. "Analysis Of The Failure Of Organizations For Prohibited of Chemical Weapon (OPCW) As The Organization For Disarmament On The Conflict Of Syria." Jurnal Pertahanan 4, no. 1 (April 12, 2018): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33172/jp.v4i1.253.
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<p>This paper analyzes the failure of the Organization for Prohibited of Chemical Weapon (OPCW) in handling chemical weapon disarmament in Syria. The use of chemical weapons by the Syrian government against its own citizens poses a challenge for OPCW in its role to ban the use and development of chemical weapons worldwide. OPCW itself formed in 1997 is an implementation of Chemical Weapon Convention (CWC) in 1993. The main problem of this study is OPCW failure factors to ban the use and development of chemical weapons in Syrian conflict. The study results show that the chemical weapon disarmament efforts in Syria by the OPCW by sending and destroying government-owned chemical weapons has failed. Although OPCW has claimed Syria has been freed from chemical weapons, it is still encountered the use of chemical weapons by ISIS terrorist groups and unofficial opposition groups. In conclusion, the role of the OPCW according to the concept of disarmament and the international organization is still not fully successful. OPCW is only able to detect the use of chemical weapons committed by the Syrian government. This organization has no authority in overcoming the problem of the misused chemical weapons committed by non-state actors.</p><p><span>Keywords: Chemical weapons, Syrian conflict, OPCW, Disarmament. </span><br /><span> </span></p>
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Shang, Shan Yu, and Jia Man Sun. "Research on Effectiveness Evaluation Method of Weapon Equipment." Frontiers in Education Technology 3, no. 4 (September 9, 2020): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/fet.v3n4p1.
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Due to the wide application of high and new technology in weapons and equipment, modern weapons present the characteristics of complexity and systematization, and their effectiveness analysis and evaluation are paid more and more attention, which has become an arduous and urgent task in the research of weapon equipment system. Only by using scientific methods and technology to evaluate the effectiveness of various types of weapons and equipment, can we have a profound understanding of the characteristics and application value of weapons and equipment, ensure that the army can give full play to the operational potential of weapons and equipment, improve the operational efficiency, and explore the correct direction of the construction and development of weapons and equipment. Therefore, systematic research on weapon equipment effectiveness evaluation method is a necessary way for every military equipment effectiveness researcher to seek effective and accurate quantitative analysis of weapon equipment effectiveness method.
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Niu, Xiaomin, and Xiaoqing Niu. "Research on the Prediction of the Number of Nuclear Weapons in the World in the Future Based on NAR Neural Network Model." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 60 (July 25, 2023): 232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v60i.10361.
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The issues connected with nuclear weapons are closely related to the survival of mankind. Nuclear weapons pose a great threat to world security, human health, the Earth's environment, and other aspects. This paper conducted an investigation and mathematical analysis on the research and development of nuclear weapons in each country, its stockpiles, the number of nuclear tests and the attitude of each country towards nuclear weapons research and development. In order to predict the number of nuclear-weapon countries in the next 100 years, this study can use the number of nuclear-weapon countries in 1938 to 2022 and the number of nuclear weapons in each country in the inventory table to establish a simple sequence prediction neural network, and use the prediction method of NAR neural network model to finally get the change trend of the number of nuclear-weapon countries and the number of nuclear weapons.Finally, it was concluded that the countries with nuclear weapons in 100 years would still be the nine countries with nuclear weapons today, and the total number of nuclear weapons dropped to 8,787. China, France, India, Israel, North Korea, Pakistan, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States respectively have 312, 271, 135, 74, 16, 151, 3,745, 161, and 3,922 nuclear weapons in 2123.
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Kostrada, Andhika. "Effectiveness of Metal Coating Using Electroplating, Electroless Plating and Hot Dipping in the Manufacture of Weapons." International Journal of Social Service and Research 3, no. 6 (June 25, 2023): 1494–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.46799/ijssr.v3i6.399.
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The process of coating weapons is important in the manufacture of weapons, because it can improve the quality, durability and corrosion resistance of these weapons. Metal coatings on weapons can protect the surface of the weapon from damage due to friction, corrosion and other environmental effects. In addition, metal plating can also enhance the visual appearance of the weapon, giving the weapon an attractive and aesthetic appearance. Coatings can also increase the durability of weapons against various environmental conditions and extreme temperatures. The process of coating weapons must be done carefully and requires a complex process and requires proper handling. Therefore, the choice of the right coating method is very important in the manufacture of weapons, because it can affect the quality and durability of these weapons. There are several metal coating methods that can be used in the manufacture of weapons, including electroplating, electroless plating, and hot dipping. The method used is done by collecting and analyzing data from sources such as journals, notes, articles, reports, and other materials related to metal plating using electroplating, electroless plating and hot dipping. In this study, the results obtained that electroplating coating is a coating process that is suitable for the defense industry, because it has several characteristics that electroplating has in the process of coating weapons, due to the need for weapons from resistance due to wear and corrosion, this can be a recommendation to the parties. the defense industry in the process of coating the metal of these weapons uses the electroplating process today.
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Bogićević, Dušan, Ivan Tot, Radomir Prodanović, and Bojan Todorović. "Identification of soldiers and weapons in military armory based on comparison image processing and RFID tag." Vojnotehnicki glasnik 69, no. 1 (2021): 179–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/vojtehg69-28114.
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Introduction/purpose: The process of issuing and retrieving weapons in the military should be fast enough and should provide immediate availability of accurate information on the status of weapons. Methods: This paper deals with the problem of digitizing the recording of issuing and returning weapons through the use of modern Edge computing technology. The problem is presented through two approaches. The first approach is based on the application of machine learning algorithms for recognizing the serial number of a weapon based on the camera image, while the second approach concerns the application of RFID technology. User authentication is based on the application of biometrics. Results: The results obtained from testing the architecture for identifying weapons using a camera indicate that such an architecture is not suitable for identifying weapons. A weapon identification solution using RFID technology overcomes the problems of the previously mentioned solution. However, RFID technology requires additional modifications regarding the implementation of tags on or into weapons so that readings can be made. Conclusion: The implemented weapon identification solution based on RFID technology and a user identification solution with biometric authentication enables easy and reliable identification, speed of issuing and retrieval of weapons, network relieving, and real-time monitoring of the weapon status.
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Abdullah, Amirah Mahmud, Lukman Najamuddin, Haliadi Haliadi, and Juraid Abdul Latief. "Museum of Weapons as a History Learning Resource in Palu City." Journal of Education Method and Learning Strategy 1, no. 02 (May 31, 2023): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.59653/jemls.v1i02.94.
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The Museum of Weapons, located in the heart of Palu, is an important learning resource for the next generation, ensuring that the values of the cultural legacy bequeathed by the warrior heroes of Tanah Kaili are not forgotten. Learning the history of the Guma weapon used by Tanah Kaili soldiers at the Weapons Museum is necessary to instill pride in the younger generation in the heroes who have battled. Not forgetting their own region's past, but yet not being blind to it. The Museum of Weapons is expected to educate the future generation about the importance of preserving the cultural heritage of Guma weapons. This article uses a qualitative descriptive method. The data collection techniques used in this research are; observation, interviews, and documents. Then the data is processed by reducing data, presenting data, and verifying data/conclusion. The findings indicate that the Guma Museum is unique in that the historical sources that have formed collections of items (artifacts) are traditional weaponry. There are 42 different kinds of traditional weapons on display. This museum, which is used as a source of studying history, has proven to be helpful in raising the historical consciousness of students in Palu City. Learning about traditional weapons in Tanah Kaili through educational travel to the Weapons Museum inspired students to be proud, responsible, and obligated to protect and preserve cultural heritage objects left by Tanah Kaili's warrior ancestors. This is what raises pupils' historical awareness in Palu City.
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Valentyrova, Kateryna. "Edged Weapon Images On The Medieval Pottery From Taurida." Text and Image: Essential Problems in Art History, no. 1 (2020): 6–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2519-4801.2020.1.01.
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The research of the edged weapons requires an involvement of different types of sources. The visual ones are among the most informative. Images depicting medieval edged weapon could be found on different objects, in particular, on pottery. Most of such engravings are schematic; that is why an informative value of such sources is rather modest. Nevertheless, engrawings on pottery depicting edged weapons may attract scholar’s attention. Images on medieval pottery from Taurida (Crimea peninsula) are especially interesting in this context. In the article the author analyses 17 artifacts decorated with images of edged weapons that were found in Crimea. In each case an image of weapon was part of a larger composition depicting a warrior. Scholars tend to interpret such figures as saint warriors or epic heroes. Local life contexts as well as the general historical situation in Europe during the 12-13th centuries shaped favorable conditions for increasing popularity of the military themes in fine arts. The swords, sabres and items that cannot be reliably interpreted are depicted on the artifacts that are dealt with. The author reveals a spesific type of weaponry which have no analogies among the medieval archaeological materials by now. The upper date of exploitation of most of the atrifacts can be clearly identified as far as the artifacts were found in the cultural layer which corresponds with destruction of Chersonesus in the 13th century. The artists used to engrave weapons schematiclly, however sometimes the one can be sure what kind of weapon an artist tried to depict. Comparison of the images on pottery with the archaeological findings allows us to jydge on specific military traditions of both the Bizantine Empire and the Northern Black Sea region during the 11-12 centuries. The findings of the 13th century weapons in the Crimean peninsula are rather scarce, so the visual sources are very important for studing of the local edged weapon. Such sources are interesting in the broad context of studying of the medieval culture of Mediterranean and Black Sea regions as well.
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Backstrom, Alan, and Ian Henderson. "New capabilities in warfare: an overview of contemporary technological developments and the associated legal and engineering issues in Article 36 weapons reviews." International Review of the Red Cross 94, no. 886 (June 2012): 483–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383112000707.
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AbstractThe increasing complexity of weapon systems requires an interdisciplinary approach to the conduct of weapon reviews. Developers need to be aware of international humanitarian law principles that apply to the employment of weapons. Lawyers need to be aware of how a weapon will be operationally employed and use this knowledge to help formulate meaningful operational guidelines in light of any technological issues identified in relation to international humanitarian law. As the details of a weapon's capability are often highly classified and compartmentalized, lawyers, engineers, and operators need to work cooperatively and imaginatively to overcome security classification and compartmental access limitations.
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Lyashko, Yu Yu. "WEAPON OF THE EARLY IRON AGE FROM COLLECTION OF KAMYANKA HISTORICAL MUSEUM." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 31, no. 2 (June 25, 2019): 345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2019.02.26.
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The article is sanctified to description of standards of weapon twenty-four hours of early ferrous age, that is kept in the display of historical museum of Kamyanka of state Historical and Cultural Center reserve of the Cherkasy areal.
In this paper, brief information is provided on similar analogues of weapons that were found on the territory of Ukraine. But their short description is made. Particularly worthy to highlight the Scythian sword-akinak, which is made in uncharacteristic for this type of form, with a slightly curved blade and one-sided sharpening. This type of weapon is a unique achievement of weaponry and dates from the second to the third quarter of the Vth century BC. Also at the end of the work there is a conclusion regarding the existence of certain types of weapons in the Prytyasminsky region.
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Emberts, Zachary, Wei Song Hwang, and John J. Wiens. "Weapon performance drives weapon evolution." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, no. 1943 (January 27, 2021): 20202898. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.2898.
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Many sexually selected traits function as weapons, and these weapons can be incredibly diverse. However, the factors underlying weapon diversity among species remain poorly understood, and a fundamental hypothesis to explain this diversity remains untested. Although weapons can serve multiple functions, an undeniably important function is their role in fights. Thus, a crucial hypothesis is that weapon diversification is driven by the evolution of weapon modifications that provide an advantage in combat (e.g. causing more damage). Here, we test this fighting-advantage hypothesis using data from 17 species of coreid bugs. We utilize the fact that male–male combat in coreids often results in detectable damage, allowing us to link different weapon morphologies to different levels of damage among species. We find that certain weapon morphologies inflict much more damage than others, strongly supporting the fighting-advantage hypothesis. Moreover, very different weapon morphologies can inflict similarly severe amounts of damage, leading to a weapon performance landscape with multiple performance peaks. This multi-peak pattern could potentially drive different lineages towards divergent weapon forms, further increasing weapon diversity among species. Overall, our results may help explain how sexually selected weapons have evolved into the diversity of forms seen today.
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G. Robison, Stephen. "Legality of Non-kinetic ASAT Weapons: A US Perspective on How Technology Outpaces Law." Air and Space Law 47, Issue 4/5 (August 1, 2022): 491–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2022026.
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Satellite vulnerability increases with every technological development. While these advancements are extraordinary, they also threaten the global economy through Anti-Satellite (ASAT) weapons. Many articles have been presented to show that a kinetic ASAT weapon is illegal under the current international law, but the analysis used fails to capture all ASAT weapons. The ambiguity and vagueness of the current laws and regulations in the Outer Space Treaty, the Constitution of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), and Customary International Law (CIL) all fail to adequately safeguard satellites against non-kinetic ASAT weapons. These particular weapons continue to go unaccounted for as the global community concentrates on kinetic ASAT weapons. While it is important to discuss kinetic weapons, we cannot forget to develop laws regarding non-kinetic weapons. Accordingly, this article will demonstrate that under current law the deployment of a non-kinetic ASAT weapon would be legal. Moreover, this article will demonstrate how current technology outpaced international law. Overall, this article aims to uphold the principles set forth in 1967, by the Outer Space Treaty (OST), exemplifying humanity’s ultimate opportunity for international collaboration. SEOs, Anti-Satellite Weapons, Space Law, International Relations, Global Economy, Cybersecurity
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Du Toit, Pieter, and Gerrit Ferreira. "The Regulation of the Possession of Weapons at Gatherings." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 16, no. 4 (May 17, 2017): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2013/v16i4a2419.
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The Dangerous Weapons Act 15 of 2013 provides for certain prohibitions and restrictions in respect of the possession of a dangerous weapon and it repeals the Dangerous Weapons Act 71 of 1968 as well as the different Dangerous Weapons Acts in operation in the erstwhile TBVC States. The Act also amends the Regulation of Gatherings Act 205 of 1993 to prohibit the possession of any dangerous weapon at a gathering or demonstration. The Dangerous Weapons Act provides for a uniform system of law governing the use of dangerous weapons for the whole of South Africa and it furthermore no longer places the onus on the individual charged with the offence of the possession of a dangerous weapon to show that he or she did not have any intention of using the firearm for an unlawful purpose. The Act also defines the meaning of a dangerous weapon. According to our court’s interpretation of the Dangerous Weapons Act 71 of 1968 a dangerous weapon was regarded as an object used or intended to be used as a weapon even if it had not been designed for use as a weapon. The Act, however, requires the object to be capable of causing death or inflicting serious bodily harm if it were used for an unlawful purpose. The possession of a dangerous weapon, in circumstances which may raise a reasonable suspicion that the person intends to use it for an unlawful purpose, attracts criminal liability. The Act also provides a useful set of guidelines to assist courts to determine if a person charged with the offence of the possession of a dangerous weapon had indeed intended to use the weapon for an unlawful purpose. It seems, however, that the Act prohibits the possession of a dangerous weapon at gatherings, even if the person carrying the weapon does not intend to use it for an unlawful purpose. The state will, however, have to prove that the accused had the necessary control over the object and the intention to exercise such control, as well as that the object is capable of causing death and inflicting serious bodily harm if it were used for an unlawful purpose. The Act does not apply to the following activities: (a) possession of dangerous weapons in pursuit of any lawful employment duty or activity; (b) possession of dangerous weapons during the participation in any religious or cultural activities or lawful sport, recreation or entertainment or (c) legitimate collection, display or exhibition of weapons. It is suggested that these exclusions are acceptable if the religious and cultural events referred to are not of a "protesting" or "confrontational" nature. If such events are indeed "protesting" or "confrontational" in nature, they are covered by section 17 of the Constitution (which authorises only peaceful and unarmed assembly, demonstration, picketing and the presentation of petitions). Religious and cultural events of a "protesting" or "confrontational" character, where dangerous weapons are displayed, run the serious risk of turning violent, and may result in a violation of section 12(1)(c) of the Constitution, which embodies the right of everyone to be free from all forms of violence.
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Vsevolod I., Lyasovich. "Burials with Weapons and Horse Bridle of Yuldashevsky Burial Ground in the South Ural Region." Humanitarian Vector 16, no. 3 (June 2021): 152–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/1996-7853-2021-16-3-152-166.
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The study of the peculiarities of the armament of the Pianobor tribes is an urgent direction of modern archaeological science. The purpose of this article is to isolate and then analyze the sets of weapons for the male burials of the Yuldashevsky burial ground of the Pyanobor archaeological culture of the Early Iron Age. The problem of the study is to reconstruct the nature of the military culture of one local group in the Pianobor society. The novelty of the work is the fact that the totality of weapons in the burial, the weapon set, is considered within the framework of one specific archaeological monument, and not as a whole in terms of culture.The Yuldashevsky burial ground belongs to one of the necropolises of the Pianobor culture, where an increased content of weapons is noted. The occurrence as well as the combination of a certain type of weapon in the burial inventory makes it possible to distinguish weapon sets, as well as to designate popular types of weapons among a specific group of the drunken population. Applying the comparative-historical method, including the method of statistics and chronology, it was possible to focus on the number of weapon sets, their filling with weapons, the time frame of some weapons, and its similarity with the Kara-Abyz set of weapons. As well as the Kara-Abyz, the Pianobor culture inherited a set of weapons characteristics of the Ananyin time. Its indispensable attributes are: a) polearms in the form of spears with small points; b) arrowheads made of different materials ‒ bronze, iron and bone, with the domination of the latter in quiver sets; c) long single-edged blades ‒ combat knives. Despite the relative proximity of the habitat of the Pianobor tribes to the Sarmatian world, the latter did not have a significant impact on the armament complex of the Pyanobor tribes. Moreover, in the drunken environment, its own standardized weapon set was formed, represented by various variations in the mutual occurrence of a bow, spear and a combat knife. Keywords: Pianobor archaeological culture, weapons, burial ground, military burials, early Iron Age, Yuldashevsky burial ground, southern Urals
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Beloborodov, Sergey, Aleksandr Neverov, and Aleksandr Trofimenko. "CURRENT ISSUES OF DEVELOPMENT OF WEAPONS MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR FACILITIES." Perm National Research Polytechnic University Aerospace Engineering Bulletin, no. 65 (2021): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2224-9982/2021.65.08.
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In the process of shooting, the barrel of the weapon gradually wears out and ceases to meet the tactical and technical requirements. The wear of the bore means a set of changes in its geometric dimensions and configurations. The process of wear of the barrels of different types of weapons is not the same and depends on the caliber of the barrel, the rate and mode of fire, while the wear of the barrel occurs unevenly both in the diametrical direction and along its length. The condition of the sur-face of the barrel bore is of great importance in the practical use of weapons. The correct flight of the bullet depends on the condition of the surface of the barrel bore. If the surface of the channel is smooth, smooth, without shells and other defects, then the bullet evenly cuts into the rifling. The rifling fields give it the correct axial rotation, and the dispersion when firing will be small. If the barrel bore is affected by shells, then the bullet in the barrel will experience unequal friction from different sides, so the dispersion increases, and the accuracy of the weapon's combat deteriorates. This implies the necessary regularity of ensur-ing the safety of the barrel bore to improve the accuracy of shooting, which in turn is supported by timely maintenance. The authors consider the information about the available mobile means of maintenance and repair of weapons. The de-velopments of domestic manufacturers in the field of production of new weapons maintenance tools were studied. The available weapons maintenance tools are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the issue of the need to reduce the time for maintenance of weapons and the development of methods for maintenance and repair of weapons with the design of new processes for cleaning weapons barrels that improve the quality of cleaning the barrel bore, namely the vibro-chemical cleaning method.
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Munchak, Volodymyr, Oleksandr Vysikan, Oleksii Stepaniuk, and Yurii Maznychenko. "TO THE STUDY OF STRATEGIC CRUISE MISSILES X-101." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 68 (July 3, 2023): 715–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2023.68.70.
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According to existing provisions, the examination of missile weapons is a set of expert research activities aimed at studying missile and jet weapons, as well as their components (mechanisms, assemblies, etc.) and their interaction in order to obtain reliable information about the objects provided for research. The article discusses some aspects of the research of missile weapons – strategic cruise missiles X-101, the relevance of which is due to their constant use in russia. Now russia is again carrying out massive missile strikes against Ukraine with X-101/55 missiles. The occupiers have changed tactics and prefer mainly strategic cruise missiles to destroy military installations and infrastructure. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that until now there is no methodology for conducting an examination of artillery and missile weapons, and in the specialized literature there is only distinguishable data on missile weapons. Based on the generalization of the expert research practice of the Explosive Research and Research of Rocket and Artillery Weapons Department of the Military Research Laboratory of the Kyiv Scientific Research Institute of Forensic Expertise, the structural features of the X-101 strategic cruise missile were determined. Considering that many experts do not have information on these missiles, the material of this article will be used in the examination of missile weapons, namely, in the identification and description of research objects. A missile weapons examination is a qualification examination, during which not only an object can be identified as a missile weapon, but it can also be determined what type or type of missile weapon the object belongs to, as well as how this weapon was manufactured. The examination of missile weapons requires special knowledge in the field of missile and jet weapons (the structure/design features and properties of weapons, the procedure for handling and using them, ammunition for them, and the consequences of using them).
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Rajković, Jasmina. "NABAVLjANjE, DRŽANjE I NOŠENjE ORUŽJA PO ZAKONU O ORUŽJU I MUNICIJI U REPUBLICI SRBIJI." Glasnik prava 13, no. 2 (December 2022): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/gp.1302.39r.
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The Republic of Serbia's strategic commitment to European integration includes the harmonization of all relevant domestic regulations with European Union regulations, including the legal regulations for the acquisition, possession and carrying of weapons. The Law on Weapons and Ammunition was passed on February 20, 2015, and it went into effect on March 5, 2016. The new law on weapons and ammunition was supposed to accomplish two things. The first is to enable effective control of weapon possession, thereby preventing misuse and improving the security of citizens of the Republic of Serbia. The second is to allow owners of legally possessed weapons to possess weapons without restriction and to use them for the legally permitted purposes of hunting, sports and collecting. The problem that will be addressed in this paper is an examination of the achievement of these two objectives nearly six years after the law's enactment. The author conducted this analysis by comparing basic statistical data on weapons from the start of the "new" law's application to basic statistical data on weapons from the start of the "old" law's application on weapons and ammunition. Finally, the author makes recommendations for more effective implementation of the Law on weapons and ammunition, as well as recommendations for future solutions in the areas of weapon acquisition, possession and carrying.
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Kristanto, Andika Eko, Lailatul Husniah, and Ali Sofyan. "Line of sight implementation for game platformer." Jurnal Repositor 1, no. 2 (January 5, 2020): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/repositor.v1i2.321.
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Traditional weapon is one of cultural heritage from our ancestors in Indonesia. While it can be noted that the popularity of less traditional weapons in the know by many people because it is losing popularity with weapons from other countries. But now there are some people who make use of media technology to preserve the traditional cultures ranging from custom homes, traditional clothing and also a traditional weapon from every province in Indonesia. Be aware that in Indonesia traditional weapon there are diverse, but some provinces have the same traditional weapons it can because the province having the same family or experience the separation area. So on the development level, authors will make the concept of continuous Boss for some provinces that have same traditional weapons. In addition to developing a level of the game, the author also applied line of sight method on the boss enemy.
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KOSMACZ-CHODOROWSKA, Anna. "PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS ON IDENTIFICATION OF WEAPONS." PROBLEMY TECHNIKI UZBROJENIA 144, no. 4 (February 27, 2018): 31–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0011.5822.
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An introduction of new electronic management tools such as Automatic Data Capture systems (ADC) and Electronic Data Interchange systems (EDI) is needed to upgrade the Polish Armed Forces. ADC systems, presently under implementation in the Polish Armed Forces, require identification of all resources and deliveries received by the army, including pieces of weaponry, in accordance with GS1 global standards and solutions (Global System 1). The identification of weapons along with their attributes and global, international and national brand identifiers in databases, and also through their physical identification, is a result of work and research which has been carried out since 2010, and of over 25 years' experience. The article presents problems with identifying weapons and methods of solving them, relying on the works which have been carried out for the last four years for the army and weapon suppliers.
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Kuna, Pavel, Zdeněk Hon, and Jiří Patočka. "How Serious Is Threat of Radiological Terrorism?" Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic) 52, no. 3 (2009): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/18059694.2016.111.
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Radiological terrorism (radioterrorism) is the deliberate use of radiological weapons. These weapons use radioactive materials to disperse and emit ionizing radiation. There are two classes of radiological weapons – radiological dispersal devices (RDD) and radiation emission devices (RED). These weapons would no cause massive numbers of dead. In most radiological attack scenarios, only few people may die immediately or shortly after exposure to the ionizing radiation. Nevertheless, many people could develop cancer within several years to decade after the radiological weapon attack. Such attack might spur panic and result in high economic costs because of the need for decontamination and possible tearing down and reconstruction of contaminated structures. Thus, radiological weapons may be considered rather weapons of mass disruption than weapons threating of human life.
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Matsumura, Kentarou, Kota Yumise, Yui Fujii, Toma Hayashi, and Takahisa Miyatake. "Anti-predator behaviour depends on male weapon size." Biology Letters 16, no. 12 (December 2020): 20200601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2020.0601.
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Tonic immobility and escape are adaptive anti-predator tactics used by many animals. Escape requires movement, whereas tonic immobility does not. If anti-predator tactics relate to weapon size, males with larger weapons may adopt tonic immobility, whereas males with smaller weapons may adopt escape. However, no study has investigated the relationship between weapon size and anti-predator tactics. In this study, we investigated the relationship between male weapon size and tonic immobility in the beetle Gnathocerus cornutus . The results showed that tonic immobility was more frequent in males with larger weapons. Although most studies of tonic immobility in beetles have focused on the duration, rather than the frequency, tonic immobility duration was not affected by weapon size in G . cornutus . Therefore, this study is the first, to our knowledge, to suggest that the male weapon trait affects anti-predator tactics.
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Wanda Monica Putri Salsabila, Emilia Susanti, Gunawan Jatmiko, Maroni Maroni, and Muhammad Farid. "Penegakan Hukum Dalam Penanggulangan Kejahatan Penyalahgunaan Senjata Tajam Oleh Anak Dibawah Umur." Demokrasi: Jurnal Riset Ilmu Hukum, Sosial dan Politik 1, no. 2 (March 8, 2024): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.62383/demokrasi.v1i2.101.
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The aim of this study to understand efforts in combating crimes involving the use of sharp weapons and the inhibiting factors influencing underage individuals in misusing sharp weapons. The method used was a normative juridical approach and an empirical juridical approach with a qualitative research type. Primary and secondary data sources were used. The research results show that the police in preventing and dealing with crimes involving sharp weapon abuse committed by children use a pre-emptive approach, the police focus on identifying potential risks that could cause children to be involved in the misuse of sharp weapons. The preventive approach involves outreach and education activities in the community to increase public awareness about the negative impacts of sharp weapon abuse by children. This study is only related to tackling sharp weapon crimes committed by children. This research contributes by identifying and analyzing various risk factors that contribute to underage individuals engaging in the misuse of sharp weapons, aiding in the development of preventive strategies.
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Lombard, Marlize, and Marie-Hélène Moncel. "Neanderthal Hunting Weapons Re-Assessed: A Tip Cross-Sectional Area Analysis of Middle Palaeolithic Point Assemblages from South Eastern France." Quaternary 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/quat6010017.
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There are many opinions and arguments about the types of weapons that Neanderthals may have used. We list five assumptions about Neanderthal weapon-assisted hunting and suggest that the tip cross-sectional area (TCSA) approach may be used to assess these, and to provide a hypothetical overview of stone-tipped weaponry used in south eastern France between MIS 7 and MIS 3. We analysed stone points from Abri du Maras, Saint-Marcel, Grotte du Figuier, and Payre, and discuss possible hunting strategies in tandem with faunal evidence. Our results suggest that early Neanderthals may have hunted with bimanual thrusting spears in combination with one-handed stabbing spears, but that later groups possibly introduced javelin hunting to the Neanderthal arsenal. Stone-tipped assegais or one-handed stabbing spears, however, stand out as the Neanderthal weapons of choice throughout the Middle Palaeolithic, and we discuss the adaptive advantages of hunting with these weapons. Comparative results that include assemblages from elsewhere in the Old World suggest similarities in hunting with stone-tipped weapons between Neanderthal and H. sapiens before MIS 5, marked differences during MIS 5–4, but similarities again during MIS 3. We suggest that caution is needed when attributing MIS 3 point assemblages to Neanderthals based on age and/or technology only.
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Goel, A. K. "Looming Threat of Chemical and Biological Warfare Agents." Defence Science Journal 66, no. 5 (September 30, 2016): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.66.10705.
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<p><br />In the recent past, a dramatic shift has been observed in the strategies of warfare from conventional to non-conventional. Now-a-days, traditional power is of less importance than it used to be earlier. Weapons of mass destruction, which comprise of nuclear weapons, and chemical and biological warfare agents, are posing a great peril to the world due to their devastating potential. Though, there are several bilateral as well as multilateral treaties to control the use and proliferation of these weapons, yet the risk of use of such agents by non-state actors cannot be overlooked. Chances of use of chemical and biological agents are more likely than the nuclear weapons. A comparison of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons in terms of technology, cost, signature, effectiveness on protected and un-protected troops shows that chemical and biological weapon programmes require much lower level of technology and cost than the nuclear weapon programme. Further, there is no or least distinctive and readily observable signature in biological weapon programme in comparison to nuclear and chemical weapon facilities. There can be two possibilities of use of these agents in terrorist attacks. First, there is a risk of transfer of material or know-how of these weapons to terrorists for using against the adversaries and second, the risk of these agents being pilfered due to poor security, thereby sabotaging the national security. The International Committee of Red Cross in February 1918 reckoned these agents as ‘barbarous inventions’ that can ‘only be called criminal’.</p>
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Rikander, Henri. "The Use of Electroshock Weapons by the Finnish Police in 2016." Nordisk Tidsskrift for Kriminalvidenskab 104, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 119–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/ntfk.v104i2.115038.
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When using force, police officers also exercise public power and thereby interfere in a significant way with people’s basic legal and human rights. This article examines situations in which Finnish police officers use electroshock weapons as ameans of force. The material for the study consists of all (N=357) reports on the use of force involving electroshock weapons for the year 2016. Over half of the police tasks where electroshock weapons were used were connected to the rotection of individual life and health. The majority of these situations occurred during the evening and at night. Every fourth application of an electroshock weapon took place in a private residence while every tenth occurred within police facilities. By threatening to use an electroshock weapon, the desired result was attained in one out of five situations. Of all situations where an electroshock weapon was used, 88% transpired without injuries to persons or property. The police officers using these electroshock weapons were experienced and had received regular training in their use. The discussion surrounding the use of electroshock weapons is divided between the negative stance taken by human rights organizations and the positivestance taken by authorities who strive to equip the police with as appropriate means of force as possible. The current article contributes to the Finnish, Nordic, and European discussions of, among other things, the proper hierarchical position of electroshock weapons as a means of force available to police. It also explores questions surrounding police competence to use these weapons and matters relating to their actual use.
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Michailiuk, Bogdan. "Threat of biological weapons." Securitologia 23, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0009.2969.
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The biological weapons often is defined as ‘weapons of mass destruction poor’, because this is relatively cheap and easy in the production, hidden and relocation. The risk of the use biological weapons still seems to be very real. A possibility of using weapons of mass destruction (biological weapon) is arousing special danger by contemporary terrorist organizations. In this article in a synthetic, based on the available references and the unpublished information, author present the current level of threat of biological terrorism.
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Vsevolod I., Lyasovich. "Weapon Sets of the Kushulevsky III Burial Ground of the Pyanobor Archaeological Culture." Humanitarian Vector 16, no. 6 (December 2021): 62–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/1996-7853-2021-16-6-62-77.
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One of the important directions in the study of military affairs of the Pyanobor culture is the study of weapon sets. A set of weapons means armaments in a specific closed complex. Their study allows us to understand the degree of the population’s armament, its diversity, the demand for certain types of weapons. The problem of the research lies in the fact that such conclusions were made on the basis of an analysis of complexes with weapons from only one burial ground. It was for this reason that the decision was made to analyze the larger-scale necropolis of the Pyanobor culture, in which the number of those buried with items of weapons significantly exceeds those previously studied. This was the Kushulevsky III burial ground. The purpose of this article is to identify and analyze sets of weapons for male burials at the Kushulevsky III burial ground. It is also necessary to compare the data obtained on the weapon sets of the Kushulevsky III burial ground with the necropolises already studied in a similar way: the Okhlebininsky Kara-Abyz culture and the Yuldashevsky Pyanobor culture. It will be fundamentally important to identify the types of arrowheads from the burials of the Kushulevsky III burial ground.An explanatory model for reducing the number of horse bridle sets in military burials of the Pyanobor culture is also presented. In the specialized literature, these theoretical conclusions are described for the first time, which determines the novelty of this work. This work was made possible by the use of statistical calculations, the comparative historical method, as well as the methods of chronology and typology. The use of these techniques made it possible to establish the number of weapons items, their types, types of weapon sets, chronology, etc. The result of the work performed was a demonstration of the proximity of the weapon sets of the Pyanobor and Kara-Abyz cultures. In some cases, certain categories of weapons predominate, for example, bone arrowheads. In bladed weapons, the single-edged combat knife is the most used. In the same category of weapons, there is an electiveness and singularity of swords hitting the drunken population. The combination of a combat knife with a bow or spear forms a standardized complex of weapons of the Pyanobor culture.
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Samoilenko, I., and V. Koloniuk. "PREPARATION OF MATERIALS FOR DIAGNOSTIC AND SITUATIONAL EXPERT RESEARCH OF WEAPONS, CARTRIDGES AND TRACES OF ITS USE." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 66 (2021): 878–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2020.66.65.
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The article considers the issues of preparing materials for sending it to carry out diagnostic and situational expert research of weapons, cartridges and traces of its use, the work of an investigator or a person acting as an investigator during an inspection of the crime scene. It is also pointed how to identify, correctly document and seize objects and materials for referrals for expert research, identification, preliminary inspection and assessment of objects and materials found during the inspection of the crime scene, its documentation and seizure. The correct examination and assessment of weapons and cartridges makes it possible to obtain information about preliminary data on the type, kind, model of weapons and cartridges, taking into account the design of objects by external similarities with known types and models of weapons, samples of cartridges. It is also makes possible to identify the external state of weapons and cartridges, the presence or absence of individual parts and mechanisms of the weapon; loaded, equipped with a weapon; destruction of parts of weapons, elements of cartridges; deformation of weapons and cartridges; presence of corrosion, pollution, etc. The presence of outside traces on weapons and cartridges that are significant for further investigation - this may be contamination, including blood stains, layers, etc., which will be taken into account when conducting diagnostic and situational expert research. There are described general methods and rules of preparation and packing of the objects revealed at inspection of a crime scene.
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Kaczmarczyk, Martyna. "CONTROLLING ACCESS TO WEAPONS IN A SYSTEMIC ASPECT." PRZEGLĄD POLICYJNY 135, no. 3 (September 2, 2019): 195–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7544.
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In Poland, access to certain types of weapons, in particular to fi rearms, is subject to regulation, which involves requirements and procedures relevant to the weapons and ammunition specifi ed in the law. Individual police authorities, as public administration bodies, are entitled to issue (as part of administrative and law-enforcement activities) administrative decisions, including weapon permits. This activity is of great importance to society because of the control over the users of weapons and the weapons themselves possessed by individuals in the country. In recent years, there has been growing interest in weapons in Poland, as evidenced by police statistics. The aspirations and needs of individuals vary in this respect. The aim of the system of regulating access to weapons is therefore to control the holders of weapons within the framework of the generally understood public safety and order.
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Majumdar, Ananda. "Weapons of Mass Destruction." ABC Research Alert 5, no. 1 (April 30, 2017): Canada. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ra.v5i1.309.
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From the perspective of WMD, the purpose of this essay is to explore and understand the violence of the world in the past and at present, discovers ways to reduce violence for the global development. Global development or International development is an interesting topic in Political Science and or International Relations and my favorite therefore I would like to do further studies as PhD as my preparation to gain knowledge and experience. Chemical Weapon, Biological Weapon are not recognized as modern weaponries while various nuclear, thermonuclear and radiological weapons are modern weaponries. Yet recent killing of North Korean President's step brother in Malaysia Airport by Nerve gas reminds that Chemical weapons still exists and used by countries who are not signatory of the convention. In Syria chemical weapon is using currently.
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Yudhanto, Yudho, Setiadi Darmawan, and Winita Sulandari. "PERANCANGAN DAN PEMBUATAN APLIKASI SISTEM GUDANG SENJATA (SGS) DI BATALYON XYZ." Indonesian Journal of Applied Informatics 1, no. 1 (November 20, 2016): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/ijai.v1i1.8994.
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<p><em>The armory is an important place in a battalion. The function of armoury is weapon place when the weapon is not used by members. Members acquire weapons of the lending process in the armory by armory staff. The process of borrowing in an armory still use manual recording so it takes time. So the armory need a system to speed up the transaction process of borrowing and the returning weapons to the armory.</em></p><p><em>The implementation of application is using codeigniter framework, PHP, Javascript and barcode. Results of the application armory system that can handle the transaction process of borrowing and returning weapons using barcode. The application also able weapons data management as well as members involved in it.</em></p>
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Les, I. "The legality of the use of nuclear weapons in international law." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 2, no. 79 (October 25, 2023): 334–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2023.79.2.52.
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After the Second World War, the views of some military leaders on the use of nuclear weapons changed dramatically. Previously, the use of nuclear weapons was considered an incredible fact. In the minds of many, this view has been replaced by the notion that limited nuclear war is possible and winnable. Such a mentality raises a fundamental question: does any use of nuclear weapons have priority under international law.
Although there is no international convention that expressly prohibits the use of nuclear weapons, the consequences of the use of any weapon are governed by numerous conventions and customary international law. A decision that nuclear weapons would violate one or more principles of humanity enshrined in positive or customary international law cannot be decisive. When a state uses a weapon that emits any gaseous substance or violates the territory of a neutral state, that state is itself violating international law. However, some violations of international law, including the prohibition of causing unnecessary suffering and indiscriminate harm between combatants and non-combatants, may be justified by military necessity if their use is proportionate to military necessity, retaliation or self-defense.
This article examines the various uses of nuclear weapons and assesses their legality under positive and customary international law. It concluded that any nuclear weapons would be subject to a ban on gas and other related weapons. Furthermore, we conclude that in all but the most limited circumstances, the use of nuclear weapons would cause unnecessary suffering, would not distinguish between combatants and non-combatants, and would violate the territorial integrity of neutral States. Even if this remedy is violated by national law, this article demonstrates that the practical necessity of using nuclear weapons, and any resulting military advantage, is inherently disproportionate to the damage caused by any use of nuclear weapons, and thus, accordingly under international law, the use of nuclear weapons is illegal.
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Russell, Richard L. "Iraq's Chemical Weapons Legacy: What Others Might Learn from Saddam." Middle East Journal 59, no. 2 (April 1, 2005): 187–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3751/59.2.11.
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Iraq's experience with chemical weapons provides ample lessons for nation-states looking to redress their conventional military shortcomings. Nation-states are likely to learn from Saddam that chemical weapons are useful for waging war against nation-states ill-prepared to fight on a chemical battlefield as well as against internal insurgents and rebellious civilians. Most significantly, nation-states studying Iraq's experience are likely to conclude that chemical weapons are not a “poor man's nuclear weapon” and that only nuclear weapons can deter potential adversaries including the United States.
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Maqbool, Ahmad, and Ali Anwar. "Warfare and Machines: An In-depth Study of Autonomous Weapons in the Context of International Humanitarian Law." Society, Law and Policy Review 2, no. 1 (May 12, 2023): 01–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.62585/slpr.v2i1.25.
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This research article looks at the ramifications of autonomous weapon systems within the context of international humanitarian law. The author discusses the most recent breakthroughs in autonomous weapons, their features, and the benefits to the parties that use them. The study investigates how autonomous weapons comply with treaty law, focusing on the Geneva Conventions, the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons, and Article 36 of Additional Protocol I. The study also examines how customary international law concepts be applied to autonomous weapons. To provide policymakers and other relevant authorities the clarity on the subject, the author has also offered some recommendations in the concluding section. In addition to analyzing the legal framework surrounding autonomous weapon systems, this research article delves into the ethical considerations associated with their deployment. The author explores the potential consequences of autonomous weapons on human rights, accountability, and the moral implications of delegating lethal decision-making to machines. By scrutinizing the intersection of international humanitarian law and ethical considerations, the article aims to contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted challenges posed by autonomous weapon systems. The concluding section not only offers recommendations for legal compliance but also emphasizes the importance of a holistic approach that integrates ethical considerations into the regulatory landscape governing these advanced technologies. This holistic perspective aims to guide policymakers and relevant authorities in formulating balanced and responsible policies concerning the development and use of autonomous weapon systems.
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Zhao, Bo Wei, Fa Xing LU, and Xiao Wei Tang. "Modeling and Simulation Calculation of a Overwater Autonomous Air Defense Weapon System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 6407–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.6407.
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According to the problems of island air defense, an air defense autonomous weapon system carried by a floating platform on the water is proposed. Compared with the traditional land-based air defense weapons, this weapon system has higher security and mobility. On the other hand, the waves would have a greater impact on the stability of weapons platforms. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of the weapon system in a variety of error conditions, the combat system model facing with the whole process from the sensors finding the target to the air defense weapons capturing the target. At the same time, the model of the chain of system accuracy is proposed by adding the various error sources generated by the waves and the system itself to the model. The quantitative assessment of the impact on accuracy system by each source of error is implemented with the system simulation method. Finally, the feasibility of using the weapons on the actual combat is demonstrated with the results of the accuracy analysis .
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Muhammad Tayyab, Usmani. "خود کارہتھیار" اسلامی اساسی تناظرات کی روشنی میں"." مجلہ اسلامی فکر و تہذیب 2, no. 2 (December 26, 2022): 46–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/mift.22.04.
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The aim of this article is to introduce the Autonomous Weapon Systems (AWS) or Lethal autonomous weapon systems (LAWS); and its numerous problematic issues. Furthermore, it argues in favor of Islamic theoretical foundation to ban these weapons based on fundamental Islamic doctrines that concerned with human rights, war, weapons development and human life-saving principles in the perspective of maqāṣid al-sharīʿa and Sadd al-dharā’i. Similar principles could be traced in international treaties, for instance Geneva Conventions (1949), that firmly established an international customary law ensuring fundamental human rights for all humans regardless of their nature, culture or religion. I have endeavored to argue in this Islamic doctrinal study that in order to establish a treaty one must express major concerns and serious threats to humans’ lives, their basic rights and vast changes in ethics and laws for war and weapons development before legal appearance of far-reaching range of autonomous weapons systems.
Keywords: Autonomous weapon systems, maqāṣid al-sharīʿa, human rights, Sadd al-dharā’I, Geneva Conventions, customary law
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Adiningsih, Aprilia Putri, and Ngboawaji Daniel Nte. "North Korea’s Nuclear Weapons Development: The Impact for International Security and Stability." International Law Discourse in Southeast Asia 1, no. 2 (July 31, 2022): 123–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/ildisea.v1i2.58398.
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The development of nuclear weapons today is in many cases one of the threats of future wars. In fact, the development of this weapon is considered to be able to disrupt international stability and security. Nuclear weapons have developed since World War II, which destroyed Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. Until now, several countries are still competing to develop nuclear weapons. Nuclear weapons are weapons that get power from nuclear reactions and have tremendous destructive power, a nuclear bomb can destroy a city. Countries that have nuclear weapons include the United States, Russia, Britain, France, China, India, North Korea, and Pakistan. Nuclear weapons can become weapons of mass destruction which of course threaten the stability of international security. As one of the nuclear-armed countries, North Korea is modernizing the country by focusing its strength on the planning economy, heavy industry, and military development. This study aims to analyze the development of North Korea's nuclear weapons in the context of international stability and security and its impact on international law enforcement, especially in the region of Southeast Asian countries.
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Talib, Moahaimen, and Jamila H. Saud. "A Multi-Weapon Detection Using Deep Learning." Iraqi Journal of Information and Communication Technology 7, no. 1 (May 3, 2024): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31987/ijict.7.1.242.
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The escalating usage of light weapons in criminal and terrorist activities has necessitated the development of advanced weapon detection systems. This study centers on the application of the high-speed deep learning detection model, You Only Look Once version 7 (YOLOv7), to address the need for efficient and swift threat identification. The proposed system, trained on a self-curated dataset rich in images of various dangerous light weapons, is designed to recognize and distinguish multiple weapons simultaneously. The unique value of YOLOv7 in object and specifically weapon detection lies in its outstanding speed and accuracy, as demonstrated by certain weapon categories achieving a mean average precision (mAP) of 97%. The system’s performance can potentially be further enhanced by augmenting the image dataset for each weapon category. This study, therefore, not only validates the critical importance of YOLOv7 in advancing detection methodologies but also presents a practical solution for bolstering public safety.
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Zhao, Yan Jun, Xing Ming Huang, Shu Guang Li, and Cheng Xu. "The Dynamic Strength Analysis the Key Parts of Body of RG." Advanced Materials Research 503-504 (April 2012): 805–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.503-504.805.
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Structure design and material selection of weapons is the key of the weapon design. The dynamic strength are studied of the weapon’s key parts by finite element simulation in Elastic plastic mechanics. The results show that the body can withstand the maximum pressure, and the simulating results are well coincident with the experiment ones, which confirms the reliability and availability of the virtual prototype model advanced here. Current research work will be helpful in further this kind of designers to select material and the frame optimization design.
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Berglund, Anders. "Why are sexually selected weapons almost absent in females?" Current Zoology 59, no. 4 (August 1, 2013): 564–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/59.4.564.
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Abstract In sex role reversed species, predominantly females evolve sexually selected traits, such as ornaments and/or weapons. Female ornaments are common and their function well documented in many species, whether sex role reversed or not. However, sexually selected female weapons seem totally absent except for small wing spurs in three jacana species, present in both males and females. This poor female weaponry is in sharp contrast to the situation in species with conventional sex roles: males commonly have evolved sexually selected weapons as well as ornaments. At the same time, females in many taxa have naturally selected weapons, used in competition over resources or in predator defence. Why are sexually selected weapons then so rare, almost absent, in females? Here I briefly review weaponry in females and the function of these weapons, conclude that the near absence of sexually selected weapons begs an explanation, and suggest that costs of sexually selected weapons may exceed costs of ornaments. Females are more constrained when evolving sexually selected traits compared to males, at least compared to those males that do not provide direct benefits, as trait costs reduce a female’s fecundity. I suggest that this constraining trade-off between trait and fecundity restricts females to evolve ornaments but rarely weapons. The same may apply to paternally investing males. Whether sexually selected weapons actually are more costly than sexually selected ornaments remains to be investigated.
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Andresen, Joshua. "The Paradox of Precision and the Weapons Review Regime." Philosophical Journal of Conflict and Violence 5, no. 1 (May 20, 2021): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22618/tp.pjcv.20215.1.139002.
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As aerial weapons become more accurate and precise, they paradoxically expose civilians to greater harm. They make the use of military force feasible where previously it had not been. While these weapons are subject to legal review to certify that they are capable of being deployed in a discriminate manner, weapons review practice in the US and UK lends cursory approval to weapons that are as likely to harm civilians as enemy combatants. This article argues that a robust contextualized review of weapon’s effects on civilians and combatants is both legally required and in states’ strategic security interests.
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Peng, Yong Jun, and Fei Tan. "Applied Technology in Effectiveness Assessment of Communication Equipment Based on ADC." Advanced Materials Research 1046 (October 2014): 327–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1046.327.
Full textAbstract:
The applied technology in effectiveness of weapons systems is the ability of weapons to complete the task in the offensive and defensive battle field environment. It is the ultimate goal pursued to develop and applied in the system, and is the most important indicator to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of weapon systems. In this paper, ADC method is proposed to assess weapons systems. The assessment method of the probability of service, hit probability, mobility and protection for a weapon is studied. Firstly, after the components level division of weapons systems, the solution process of system availability row vector is analyzed based on reliability and maintenance-related. Secondly, the characteristics of laser range finder is analyzed, the whole process of search target is simulated. At last, simulation statistics according to the process of antiaircraft gun burst firing to obtain the burst firing kill probabilities is proposed.
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Yagmuroglu, Ozan, and Bilgen Subasi. "Nerve agents: chemical structures, effect mechanisms and detection methods." Open Access Journal of Science 4, no. 2 (June 8, 2020): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/oajs.2020.04.00151.
Full textAbstract:
With the discovery of chemical weapons, mankind has faced a great threat. These weapons are also called weapon of mass destruction and cause mass human deaths in the region where they are used, regardless of whether they are soldiers or civilians. Countries have focused on chemical defense activities because of the easy production and development of chemical weapons and negative psychological effects on the public. Many people were killed or injured due to the use of chemical weapons during World War I. Nerve agents started to be used in making chemical weapons before World War II began. Thus, the threat of chemical weapons on humanity has reached a much more critical point. Especially during World War II and the Cold War, the development of chemical weapons and the production of nerve agents increased more than ever.In this review, various sensor systems developed for detecting nerve agents have been investigated and these sensors have been compared in terms of operating principles and detection limits.
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Laima, Sigitas, Dmitrij Fomin, Algimantas Jasulaitis, Gerda Andriuškevičiūtė, Sigitas Chmieliauskas, Vaidas Sabaliauskas, and Vladimiras Sergejevas. "The effect of conducted electrical weapons on the human body." Acta medica Lituanica 21, no. 2 (August 12, 2014): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.6001/actamedica.v21i2.2944.
Full textAbstract:
Background and objective. Fatal accidents occur due to the effect of electric current on the human body. The most common reasons are invalid electrical installations or misuse of electrical devices, but rarely murder and suicide cases are possible. Recently, conducted electrical weapon handling cases which resulted in sudden death have been observed. In this article we have provided our findings about the effects of conducted electrical weapons on the heart muscle, with emphasis on the use of conducted electrical weapons by officials. Materials and methods. Lithuanian and foreign authors’ findings about the effect of conducted electrical weapons on the heart muscle are analysed. Recommendations for the use of these weapons are made to the officials. The results are evaluated using descriptive statistical methods. Results. The working principle of this weapon is the effect on striated muscles. The muscles contract reacting to electric impulses, hence the affected person cannot struggle with the policeman. Although this weapon was created as a safe tool to suppress aggressive persons, new researches revealed its dangerous effect on the heart muscle that caused fatal arrhythmias. Conclusions. Stress on the body, systemic disease and the presence of chemicals in the body modify the body’s response to electrical impulses that directly increase the risk of cardiac arrhythmia due to the developing of ventricular fibrillation and probability of sudden cardiac death. It is recommended to officials who use conducted electrical weapons that in the location of the event there should be qualified medical personnel (ambulance) able to provide the first aid in case of complications after the use of the weapon.