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Journal articles on the topic 'Wealth distribution'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 May 2022

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1

Boghosian, Bruce. "Fokker–Planck description of wealth dynamics and the origin of Pareto's law." International Journal of Modern Physics C 25, no. 12 (December 2014): 1441008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183114410083.

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The so-called "Yard-Sale Model" of wealth distribution posits that wealth is transferred between economic agents as a result of transactions whose size is proportional to the wealth of the less wealthy agent. In recent work [B. M. Boghosian, Phys. Rev. E89, 042804 (2014)], it was shown that this results in a Fokker–Planck equation governing the distribution of wealth. With the addition of a mechanism for wealth redistribution, it was further shown that this model results in stationary wealth distributions that are very similar in form to Pareto's well-known law. In this paper, a much simpler derivation of that Fokker–Planck equation is presented.

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2

Pekasiewicz, Dorota. "The application of the Pareto distribution to approximate income distributions of wealthy households in Poland." Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 66, no. 5 (May 31, 2021): 43–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.8865.

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The aim of the paper is to approximate the equivalent income distributions of wealthy households in particular socio-economic groups using the Pareto distribution, with parameters estimated by means of the maximum likelihood estimation method. Households whose income exceeded the established wealth threshold were classified as wealthy households. Income distributions of wealthy households are usually non-modal and heavy-tailed, thus, the Pareto distribution was applied as their theoretical model. The equivalent income of wealthy households in Poland was analysed in total and in particular socio-economic groups. The research was based on data from the 2014–2017 Household Budget Survey. Selected similarity measures were used to examine the degree to which the theoretical distributions proved consistent with the empirical ones. The obtained results confirmed the high level of consistency of empirical income distributions with the Pareto model. Moreover, very good approximations were obtained especially for wealthy households of employees and self-employed, as well as pensioners. Slightly worse results were obtained for the farmers group. Theoretical distributions well fitted to empirical data were used to estimate selected distribution characteristics, including measures of location, dispersion and inequality, and to compare the different groups in terms of their wealth.

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3

Brown, Christopher. "The Distribution of Wealth." Journal of Economic Issues 40, no. 1 (March 2006): 226–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00213624.2006.11506895.

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4

Nevile, J. W. "The distribution of wealth." Australian Journal of Social Issues 40, no. 2 (December 2005): 319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1839-4655.2005.tb00975.x.

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5

Grabka, Markus M., Jan Marcus, and Eva Sierminska. "Wealth distribution within couples." Review of Economics of the Household 13, no. 3 (November 9, 2013): 459–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11150-013-9229-2.

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6

Cirillo, Pasquale, Frank Redig, and Wioletta Ruszel. "Duality and stationary distributions of wealth distribution models." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 47, no. 8 (February 10, 2014): 085203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8113/47/8/085203.

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7

Andrecut, M. "Local operators in kinetic wealth distribution." International Journal of Modern Physics C 27, no. 11 (August 29, 2016): 1650132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183116501321.

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The statistical mechanics approach to wealth distribution is based on the conservative kinetic multi-agent model for money exchange, where the local interaction rule between the agents is analogous to the elastic particle scattering process. Here, we discuss the role of a class of conservative local operators, and we show that, depending on the values of their parameters, they can be used to generate all the relevant distributions. We also show numerically that in order to generate the power-law tail, an heterogeneous risk aversion model is required. By changing the parameters of these operators, one can also fine tune the resulting distributions in order to provide support for the emergence of a more egalitarian wealth distribution.

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8

Patrício, Pedro, and Nuno A. M. Araújo. "Inheritances, social classes, and wealth distribution." PLOS ONE 16, no. 10 (October 27, 2021): e0259002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259002.

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We consider a simple theoretical model to investigate the impact of inheritances on the wealth distribution. Wealth is described as a finite resource, which remains constant over different generations and is divided equally among offspring. All other sources of wealth are neglected. We consider different societies characterized by a different offspring probability distribution. We find that, if the population remains constant, the society reaches a stationary wealth distribution. We show that inequality emerges every time the number of children per family is not always the same. For realistic offspring distributions from developed countries, the model predicts a Gini coefficient of G ≈ 0.3. If we divide the society into wealth classes and set the probability of getting married to depend on the distance between classes, the stationary wealth distribution crosses over from an exponential to a power-law regime as the number of wealth classes and the level of class distinction increase.

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9

Pareschi, L., and G. Toscani. "Wealth distribution and collective knowledge: a Boltzmann approach." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 372, no. 2028 (November 13, 2014): 20130396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2013.0396.

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We introduce and discuss a nonlinear kinetic equation of Boltzmann type that describes the influence of knowledge in the evolution of wealth in a system of agents that interact through the binary trades, an equation first introduced by Cordier et al. (2005 J. Stat. Phys. 120 , 253–277 ( doi:10.1007/S10955-005-5456-0 )). The trades, which include both saving propensity and the risks of the market, are here modified in the risk and saving parameters, which now are assumed to depend on the personal degree of knowledge. The numerical simulations show that the presence of knowledge has the potential to produce a class of wealthy agents and to account for a larger proportion of wealth inequality.

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10

Toscani, Giuseppe. "Continuum models in wealth distribution." Rendiconti Lincei - Matematica e Applicazioni 28, no. 3 (2017): 451–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4171/rlm/770.

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11

Spencer, Aron S., Bruce A. Kirchhoff, and Craig White. "Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and Wealth Distribution." International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship 26, no. 1 (February 2008): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266242607084657.

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12

Ghiglino, Christian, and Alain Venditti. "Wealth distribution and output fluctuations." Journal of Economic Theory 146, no. 6 (November 2011): 2478–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jet.2011.06.004.

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13

Chakraborti, A., and M. Patriarca. "Gamma-distribution and wealth inequality." Pramana 71, no. 2 (August 2008): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12043-008-0156-3.

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14

Jakobsen, Katrine, Kristian Jakobsen, Henrik Kleven, and Gabriel Zucman. "Wealth Taxation and Wealth Accumulation: Theory and Evidence From Denmark*." Quarterly Journal of Economics 135, no. 1 (October 9, 2019): 329–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjz032.

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Abstract Using administrative wealth records from Denmark, we study the effects of wealth taxes on wealth accumulation. Denmark used to impose one of the world’s highest marginal tax rates on wealth, but this tax was greatly reduced starting in 1989 and later abolished. Due to the specific design of the wealth tax, the 1989 reform provides a compelling quasi-experiment for understanding behavioral responses among the wealthiest segments of the population. We find clear reduced-form effects of wealth taxes in the short and medium run, with larger effects on the very wealthy than on the moderately wealthy. We develop a simple life cycle model with utility of residual wealth (bequests) allowing us to interpret the evidence in terms of structural primitives. We calibrate the model to the quasi-experimental moments and simulate the model forward to estimate the long-run effect of wealth taxes on wealth accumulation. Our simulations show that the long-run elasticity of taxable wealth with respect to the net-of-tax return is sizable at the top of the distribution.

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15

Choi, Young Back. "MISUNDERSTANDING DISTRIBUTION." Social Philosophy and Policy 19, no. 1 (January 2002): 110–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052502191060.

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Inequality in income and wealth distribution in society is said to be a great concern to many social critics. Rarely is the issue of inequality in income or wealth distribution, as such, a concern for the majority of Americans as individuals, however.

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16

Palley, Thomas I. "Wealth and wealth distribution in the neo-Kaleckian growth model." Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 34, no. 3 (April 1, 2012): 453–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/pke0160-3477340304.

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17

Lee, Gyemin, and Gwang Il Kim. "Degree and wealth distribution in a network induced by wealth." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 383, no. 2 (September 2007): 677–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2007.04.060.

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18

Polk, Sam L., and Bruce M. Boghosian. "The Nonuniversality of Wealth Distribution Tails Near Wealth Condensation Criticality." SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics 81, no. 4 (January 2021): 1717–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/19m1306051.

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19

Advani, Arun, George Bangham, and Jack Leslie. "The UK's wealth distribution and characteristics of high‐wealth households." Fiscal Studies 42, no. 3-4 (September 2021): 397–430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-5890.12286.

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20

Calomiris, Charles W. "The Housing Wealth Effect: The Crucial Roles of Demographics, Wealth Distribution and Wealth Shares." Critical Finance Review 2, no. 1 (July 1, 2013): 49–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/104.00000008.

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21

Boserup, Simon H., Wojciech Kopczuk, and Claus T. Kreiner. "The Role of Bequests in Shaping Wealth Inequality: Evidence from Danish Wealth Records." American Economic Review 106, no. 5 (May 1, 2016): 656–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.p20161036.

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Using Danish administrative data, we estimate the impact of bequests on the level and inequality of wealth. We compare the distributions of wealth over time of people whose parent died and those whose parent did not. Bequests account for 26 percent of the average post-bequest wealth 1-3 years after parental death and significantly affect wealth throughout the distribution. Bequests increase absolute wealth inequality (variance of the distribution censored at the top/bottom 1% increases by 33 percent), but reduce relative inequality (the top 1% share declines by 6 percentage points from the base of 31 percent).

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22

Taylor, John A. "Black Death, “Industrial Revolution” and Paper Age collapse." Terra Economicus 18, no. 3 (September 25, 2020): 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/2073-6606-2020-18-3-6-17.

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This essay discusses first English and then world economic history, starting with the Black Death of 1348–1400AD. When the English population and wealth both increased after 1400, the structure of English development by the year 1700 became a little bit like a spiral, this paper says. The aggregate size of wealth increased, but there was little commensurate change in the distribution of wealth. The eighteenth-century English elite absorbed the elites of Wales and Scotland, and then the Protestant elite of Ireland. Then, on the same model of absorption, an English-speaking elite later came to dominate world wealth. As the world population increased in the early modern period, and as aggregate wealth increased apace, the distribution of world wealth became approximately what the distribution of wealth had been in England in 1700. A tiny group of very wealthy people had controlled the wealth of England in 1700. In the late twentieth century, the English elite absorbed the world elite many of whom adopted the English language and much of English culture. They often sent their children to study in Britain or America. Now this tiny elite group, English in language and usually English in culture, controls much of the wealth of the world while at the same time the ongoing increase in population has produced a huge number of very poor people.

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23

Rosenfeld, Ben Zion, and Haim Perlmutter. "“Who is Rich”?" Journal of Ancient Judaism 6, no. 2 (May 14, 2015): 275–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/21967954-00602007.

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This article analyzes the wealthy strata of Jewish society in Roman Palestine in the first centuries after the destruction of the Temple in 70 C. E. It examines the use of the term “wealthy” in Jewish literature of the time, demonstrating that the authors of this literature used it differently than modern use. “Rich” for them is primarily “not poor,” and may reflect differing levels of property possession. One level is a person who is wealthy compared to his neighbors. Another use of the word relates to those perceived to be objectively wealthy. The use of the term in the Hebrew Bible and the Second Temple literature serves as a background for discussion of its use in the New Testament and in rabbinic literature. In addition, this article surveys the archaeological finds that help to determine the various kinds of “wealth” in contemporary society. This analysis aids in our understanding of the distribution of wealth in Roman Palestine and can even serve as a paradigm for wealth distribution elsewhere in the Roman East.

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24

Ho, Wai-Yip Alex, and Chun-Yu Ho. "Inflation, Financial Developments, and Wealth Distribution." IMF Working Papers 16, no. 132 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781498352826.001.

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25

Il’inskii, A. I., and Z. Mierzwa. "Wealth Distribution in the Bitcoin Ecosystem." Finance: Theory and Practice 23, no. 2 (May 4, 2019): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2587-5671-2019-23-2-6-16.

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The paper deals with the problems of measuring uneven wealth distribution in the bitcoin ecosystem. All existing bitcoin distribution models depend on the analysis of bitcoin wallets and bitcoin addresses. They are based on the Bitcoin Rich List. This approach is insufficient due to the inscrutable relationships between people owning bitcoin, bitcoin wallets, and bitcoin addresses. In this paper, we used the methods of comparative analysis resulted in graphics as represented by Lorentz and Lamé curves and distribution of the Gini coefficients and the Kolkata index. We identified empirical cumulative functions of wealth distribution and the number of addresses with positive balance during the bubble and after its explosion. Approximations of the distribution of ‘poor’ and ‘rich’ addresses have been obtained and compared with the other results from the cited literature. The general public views the equality of network members as synonymous with the equal distribution of wealth among them. Emerging financial bubbles, especially in the US financial markets, lead to an increase in income inequality. However, after a bubble explodes, the inequality falls to the initial level.

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26

Naito, Takumi, and Koji Shimomura. "International distribution of wealth and indeterminacy." International Economy 2001, no. 52 (2001): 147–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5652/kokusaikeizai.2001.147.

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27

Huggett, Mark. "Wealth distribution in life-cycle economies." Journal of Monetary Economics 38, no. 3 (December 1996): 469–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3932(96)01291-3.

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28

Díaz, Antonia, and María José Luengo-Prado. "THE WEALTH DISTRIBUTION WITH DURABLE GOODS." International Economic Review 51, no. 1 (February 2010): 143–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2354.2009.00574.x.

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29

Yuki, Kazuhiro. "SECTORAL SHIFT, WEALTH DISTRIBUTION, AND DEVELOPMENT." Macroeconomic Dynamics 12, no. 4 (September 2008): 527–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100508070296.

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Two phenomena are widely observed when an economy departs from an underdeveloped state and starts rapid economic growth. One is the shift of production, employment, and consumption from the traditional sector to the modern sector, and the other is a large increase in educational levels of the population. The question is why some economies have succeeded in such structural change, but others do not. To examine the question, an overlapping generations (OLG) model that explicitly takes into account the sectoral shift and human capital accumulation as sources of development is constructed. It is shown that, for a successful structural change, an economy must start with a wealth distribution that gives rise to an adequate size of the “middle class.” Once the economy initiates the “take-off,” the sectoral shift and human capital growth continue until it reaches the steady state with high income and equal distribution. However, when the productivity of the traditional sector is low, irrespective of the initial distribution and the productivity of the modern sector, it fails in the sectoral shift and ends up in one of steady states with low income and high inequality. Thus, sufficient productivity of the traditional sector is a prerequisite for development.

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30

Dorling, Danny. "The Distribution of Wealth – Growing Inequality?" History of Economics Review 68, no. 1 (September 2, 2017): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10370196.2018.1463640.

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31

Takahashi, Hiroto. "Wealth distribution and the underdevelopment trap." Journal of International Trade & Economic Development 13, no. 1 (March 2004): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0963819042000213525.

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32

Toda, Alexis Akira. "Wealth distribution with random discount factors." Journal of Monetary Economics 104 (June 2019): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2018.09.006.

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33

Johnson, Paul, and Sarah Tanner. "Ownership and the Distribution of Wealth." Political Quarterly 69, no. 4 (October 1998): 365–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-923x.00172.

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34

Wang, Neng. "An equilibrium model of wealth distribution." Journal of Monetary Economics 54, no. 7 (October 2007): 1882–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2006.11.005.

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35

Basu, Urna, and P. K. Mohanty. "Modeling wealth distribution in growing markets." European Physical Journal B 65, no. 4 (October 2008): 585–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2008-00372-9.

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36

Neumann, Richard. "Teaching Wealth Distribution in High School." Social Studies 106, no. 5 (July 31, 2015): 236–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00377996.2015.1059795.

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37

Chakraborty, Archishman, and Alessandro Citanna. "Occupational choice, incentives and wealth distribution." Journal of Economic Theory 122, no. 2 (June 2005): 206–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jet.2003.11.004.

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38

Sargent, Thomas J., Neng Wang, and Jinqiang Yang. "Earnings growth and the wealth distribution." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 15 (April 7, 2021): e2025368118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2025368118.

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As measured by Gini coefficients, fractile inequalities, and tail power laws, wealth is distributed less equally across people than are labor earnings. We study how luck, attitudes that shape saving decisions, and growth rates of labor earnings balance each other in ways that simultaneously shape joint distributions across people of labor earnings, age, and wealth together with an equilibrium rate of return on savings that plays a pivotal role in balancing contending forces. Strong motives for people to save and for firms to demand capital raise an equilibrium interest rate enough to make wealth grow faster than labor earnings. That makes cross-sectional wealth more unevenly distributed and have a fatter tail than labor earnings, as in US data.

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39

Benhabib, Jess, and Alberto Bisin. "Skewed Wealth Distributions: Theory and Empirics." Journal of Economic Literature 56, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 1261–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.20161390.

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Invariably, across a cross-section of countries and time periods, wealth distributions are skewed to the right displaying thick upper tails, that is, large and slowly declining top wealth shares. In this survey, we categorize the theoretical studies on the distribution of wealth in terms of the underlying economic mechanisms generating skewness and thick tails. Further, we show how these mechanisms can be micro-founded by the consumption–savings decisions of rational agents in specific economic and demographic environments. Finally we map the large empirical work on the wealth distribution to its theoretical underpinnings. (JEL C46, D14, D31, E21, J31)

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40

Kato, Takeshi, and Yoshinori Hiroi. "Wealth disparities and economic flow: Assessment using an asset exchange model with the surplus stock of the wealthy." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (November 4, 2021): e0259323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259323.

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How can we limit wealth disparities while stimulating economic flows in sustainable societies? To examine the link between these concepts, we propose an econophysics asset exchange model with the surplus stock of the wealthy. The wealthy are one of the two exchange agents and have more assets than the poor. Our simulation model converts the surplus contribution rate of the wealthy to a new variable parameter alongside the saving rate and introduces the total exchange (flow) and rank correlation coefficient (metabolism) as new evaluation indexes, adding to the Gini index (disparities), thereby assessing both wealth distribution and the relationships among the disparities, flow, and metabolism. We show that these result in a gamma-like wealth distribution, and our model reveals a trade-off between limiting disparities and vitalizing the market. To limit disparities and increase flow and metabolism, we also find the need to restrain savings and use the wealthy surplus stock. This relationship is explicitly expressed in the new equation introduced herein. The insights gained by uncovering the root of disparities may present a persuasive case for investments in social security measures or social businesses involving stock redistribution or sharing.

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41

Luo, Yulei, and Eric R. Young. "THE WEALTH DISTRIBUTION AND THE DEMAND FOR STATUS." Macroeconomic Dynamics 13, S1 (May 2009): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100509080092.

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Standard economic theories of asset markets assume that assets are valued entirely for the consumption streams they can finance. This paper examines the introduction of the demand for status (as a function of wealth) into a model of uninsurable idiosyncratic risk—the “spirit of capitalism” (“soc”) assumption. We find that soc preferences lead to less inequality in wealth; placing wealth into the utility function leads to a shrinking wealth distribution. The drop in wealth concentration is smaller if the utility function implies status is a luxury good, but no parametrization leads to higher wealth Gini coefficients than the benchmark case. We then consider the consequences of revenue-neutral tax reforms with and without soc preferences, finding that they make little difference for this policy experiment.

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42

Bustos-Guajardo, R., and Cristian F. Moukarzel. "Wealth distribution under Yard–Sale exchange with proportional taxes." International Journal of Modern Physics C 27, no. 08 (May 25, 2016): 1650094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183116500947.

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Recent analysis of a Yard–Sale (YS) exchange model supplemented with redistributive proportional taxation suggested an asymptotic behavior [Formula: see text] for the wealth distribution, with a parameter-dependent exponent [Formula: see text]. Revisiting this problem, it is here shown analytically, and confirmed by extensive numerical simulation, that the asymptotic behavior of [Formula: see text] is not power-law but rather a Gaussian. When taxation is weak, we furthermore show that a restricted-range power-law behavior appears for wealths around the mean value. The corresponding power-law exponent equals 3/2 when the return distribution has zero mean.

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43

Benhabib, Jess, Alberto Bisin, and Shenghao Zhu. "THE DISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH IN THE BLANCHARD–YAARI MODEL." Macroeconomic Dynamics 20, no. 2 (April 10, 2014): 466–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100514000066.

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We study the dynamics of the distribution of wealth in an economy with infinitely lived agents, intergenerational transmission of wealth, and redistributive fiscal policy. We show that wealth accumulation with idiosyncratic investment risk and uncertain lifetimes can generate a double Pareto wealth distribution.

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44

Nursilah Ahmad. "Islam and Wealth: The Balanced Approach to Wealth Creation, Accumulation and Distribution." Ulum Islamiyyah 31 (August 2, 2020): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33102/uij.vol31no.200.

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45

Valigura, Tetyana. "INCOME AND WEALTH: THEORIZATION OF ESSENCE AND ASYMMETRY OF DISTRIBUTION." Scientific Notes of Ostroh Academy National University, "Economics" Series 1, no. 18(46) (September 24, 2020): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2311-5149-2020-18(46)-40-49.

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The categories «income» and «wealth» are now at the center of the study of many social sciences and if «income» clearly tends to the field of scientific research of economists and financiers (but is not limited to them), «wealth», is a category in which researchers in the fields of sociology, psychology, philosophy and other sciences are no less interested. The interest of a wide range of sciences in the essence of the studied categories reflects social changes taking place in the world in general and in Ukraine in particular. Thus, according to Credit Suisse, the lower half of wealth owners in mid-2019 owned less than 1% of total world wealth, while the richest 10% owned 82% of world wealth, and the richest 1% of owners – 45%. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the essence of the categories «income» and «wealth» and to form a theoretical basis for the asymmetries of their distribution. The article considers the theoretical essence of the categories «income» and «wealth» and reveals the differences between them. The definition of these categories in the reference literature is analyzed, the key features that characterize them are identified and the definition of the categories «income» and «wealth» in accordance with the given features is formulated and substantiated. A graphical interpretation of the asymmetries of the distribution of income and wealth of the population, corporate income and national income and wealth is given. The study showed that the key differences between the categories of «income» and «wealth» is that wealth can take both tangible and intangible expression, and income is only valuable. At the same time, wealth involves owning a large number of goods. By influencing the subject, income improves his material condition, and wealth arises from the assertion of tangible or intangible goods as such in the human mind.

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46

Lan, Lu, Qi Sheng Gao, and Yan Yan Yang. "Wealth Distribution in a Local-World Network." Advanced Materials Research 472-475 (February 2012): 2879–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.472-475.2879.

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We study the flow of money among agents in the local-world network with yard-sale model and aggressiveness. The system allows money trade between two agents and a time during the evolving of the model, betting a fraction α of the loser’s agent wealth. b parameterizes the significance of the relative wealth of the agents. According to analysis the wealth distribution with b>0,b=0 and bis the most important index of system structure. The computation and simulation results tell us that Gini coefficient is growing up gradually as increasing of . These results can offer effective approaches for our country to establish useful measure and policy to relax the unequal distribution of wealth.

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47

Berkah, Dian, and Tjiptohadi Sawarjuwono. "INHERITANCE WEALTH DISTRIBUTION MODEL AND ITS IMPLICATION TO ECONOMY." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, no. 3 (April 1, 2019): 01–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.731.

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Purpose of study: Inheritance wealth is one of the instruments of wealth distribution in Islam that potentially capable to be a solution for economic inequality that triggered the multidimensional problems nations daily life. The concept of inheritance wealth distribution for Muslims has been summarized in Indonesian Islamic Law Compilation and in Marriage Act No. 1 year 1974. For non-Muslim society, the inheritance law is based on the concept of nations Civil Code and customary rules. The diversity in the concept of inheritance wealth distribution in Indonesia cannot be separated from the nature of the family and its influence on the assets, which is believed by the community. Methodology: This study used participation action research method as a qualitative approach in order to frame, analyze and solutions in form of strategic role model for the Government in completing and streamlining the inheritance wealth distribution in Indonesia. Result: The solutions will be based on problems faced by the Religious Courts and Islamic organizations in conducting inheritance wealth distribution. Moreover, propose inheritance wealth as public fund in addition to zakat, infaq, shodaqoh and endowments. Implications/Applications: The implementation and dispute settlement in inheritance wealth distribution are exercised by Religious Courts, as well as the Islamic organization such as Muhammadiyah and Nahdatul Ulama (NU). Diversity of institutions becomes an interesting phenomenon in Indonesia inheritance wealth distribution. This potentially makes inheritance wealth distribution done well and can prevent conflicts of individuals in the family, hoarding treasure and minimize economic disparities in society.

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Zhou, Xia, Kaili Xiang, and Rongmei Sun. "The Study of a Wealth Distribution Model with a Linear Collision Kernel." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (September 13, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2142876.

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The wealth substitution rate, which describes the substitution relationship between agents’ investment in wealth, is introduced into the collision kernel of the Boltzmann equation to study wealth distribution. Using the continuous trading limit, the Fokker–Planck equation is derived and the steady-state solution is obtained. The results show that the inequality of wealth distribution decreases as the wealth substitution rate increases under certain assumptions. The wealth distribution has a bimodal shape if the wealth substitution rate does not equal one.

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Samad, Telsy Fratama Dewi. "Distribution in Islamic Economic Perspective (Critics to Capitalist)." Tasharruf: Journal Economics and Business of Islam 4, no. 2 (December 24, 2019): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.30984/tjebi.v4i2.1023.

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Distribution is one of the economic topics that is necessary to be discussed, mainly the distribution of wealth because it concerns the effort to achieve prosperity for all levels of society in a country through equitable distribution of wealth. In this article, we will discuss the concept of wealth distribution both from conventional perspective, which is based on capitalist ideology and from the perspective of Islamic economics. As the public understanding about capitalism, it is one of the economic comprehension carried by the Father of Economics "Adam Smith" which emphasizes the individual freedom in managing assets without government intervention. Capitalism has led to injustice and income inequality in the community, causing conflict and creating permanent poverty for the citizens of society. Islam refers the process of distribution of wealth following Islamic principles. Islam prevents the accumulation of wealth in certain small groups and promotes the distribution of wealth to all levels of society. This research is descriptive qualitative based on the study of literature such as books and other literature that are relevant to the problems considered by the author. The purpose of this study is to understand the concept of wealth distribution based on Islamic economic and capitalist economic perspectives. The result of this article concluded that the capitalist wealth distribution system should be replaced by the Islamic economic system that emphasizes the value of freedom as well as the behaviour of human based on religious teachings and the value of justice in ownership.

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CHAKRABORTY, ABHIJIT, G. MUKHERJEE, and S. S. MANNA. "CONSERVATIVE SELF-ORGANIZED EXTREMAL MODEL FOR WEALTH DISTRIBUTION." Fractals 20, no. 02 (June 2012): 163–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x12500156.

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We present an extensive numerical study of the modified version of a conservative self-organized extremal model introduced by Pianegonda et al. (Physica A322 (2003) 667–675) in the context of wealth distribution of the people in a society. Here the trading process has been modified by the stochastic bipartite trading rule. More specifically in a trade one of the agents is necessarily the one with the globally minimal value of wealth, the other one being selected randomly from the neighbors of the first agent. The pair of agents then randomly re-shuffle their entire amount of wealth without saving. This model has most of the characteristics similar to the self-organized critical Bak-Sneppen model of evolutionary dynamics. Numerical estimates of a number of critical exponents indicate this model is likely to belong to a new universality class different from the well known models in the literature. In addition the persistence time, which is the time interval between two successive updates of wealth of an agent has been observed to have a non-trivial power law distribution. An opposite version of the model has also been studied where the agent with maximal wealth is selected instead of the one with minimal wealth, which however, exhibits similar behavior as the Minimal Wealth model.

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