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1
Becker, Mandy, Tom Schilling, Olga von Beckerath, and Knut Kröger. "Sonography of subcutaneous tissue cannot determine causes of lower limb edema." Vasa 44, no. 2 (March 1, 2015): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526/a000418.
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Background: To clarify the clinical use of sonography for differentiation of edema we tried to answer the question whether a group of doctors can differentiate lymphedema from cardiac, hepatic or venous edema just by analysing sonographic images of the edema. Patients and methods: 38 (70 ± 12 years, 22 (58 %) females) patients with lower limb edema were recruited according the clinical diagnosis: 10 (26 %) lymphedema, 16 (42 %) heart insufficiency, 6 (16 %) venous disorders, 6 (16 %) chronic hepatic disease. Edema was depicted sonographically at the most affected leg in a standardised way at distal and proximal calf. 38 sets of images were anonymised and send to 5 experienced doctors. They were asked whether they can see criteria for lymphedema: 1. anechoic gaps, 2. horizontal gaps and 3. echoic rims. Results: Accepting an edema as lymphedema if only one doctor sees at least one of the three criteria for lymphatic edema on each single image all edema would be classified as lymphatic. Accepting lymphedema only if all doctors see at least one of the three criteria on the distal image of the same patient 80 % of the patients supposed to have lymphedema are classified as such, but also the majority of cardiac, venous and hepatic edema. Accepting lymphedema only if all doctors see all three criteria on the distal image of the same patients no edema would be classified as lymphatic. In addition we separated patients by Stemmers sign in those with positive and negative sign. The interpretation of the images was not different between both groups. Conclusions: Our analysis shows that it is not possible to differentiate lymphedema from other lower limb edema sonographically.
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Grines, V. Z., and E. V. Zhuzhoma. "Cantor Type Basic Sets of Surface $A$-endomorphisms." Nelineinaya Dinamika 17, no. 3 (2021): 335–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20537/nd210307.
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The paper is devoted to an investigation of the genus of an orientable closed surface $M^{2}$ which admits $A$-endomorphisms whose nonwandering set contains a one-dimensional strictly invariant contracting repeller $\Lambda_{r}$ with a uniquely defined unstable bundle and with an admissible boundary of finite type. First, we prove that, if $M^{2}$ is a torus or a sphere, then $M^{2}$ admits such an endomorphism. We also show that, if $\Omega$ is a basic set with a uniquely defined unstable bundle of the endomorphism $f\colon M^{2}\to M^{2}$ of a closed orientable surface $M^{2}$ and $f$ is not a diffeomorphism, then $\Omega$ cannot be a Cantor type expanding attractor. At last, we prove that, if $f\colon M^{2}\to M^{2}$ is an $A$-endomorphism whose nonwandering set consists of a finite number of isolated periodic sink orbits and a one-dimensional strictly invariant contracting repeller of Cantor type $\Omega_{r}$ with a uniquely defined unstable bundle and such that the lamination consisting of stable manifolds of $\Omega_{r}$ is regular, then $M^{2}$ is a two-dimensional torus $\mathbb{T}^{2}$ or a two-dimensional sphere $\mathbb{S}^{2}$.
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Nakanishi, H., T. Ogata, Y. Kadotani, and Akira Izumi. "Wet-Etching Characteristics of SiCN Films Deposited by HWCVD Method." Advances in Science and Technology 81 (September 2012): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.81.34.
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We investigated the wet-etching properties of SiCN films using chemical agents. Our results show that sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and phosphoric acid etch SiCN films, while hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, ammonium chloride and sodium chloride cannot etch SiCN films.
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Harshada, Ajabe. "Smart Communication Assistant for Deaf and Dumb People." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 15, 2021): 1358–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36437.
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Communication is the medium by which we can share our thoughts or convey the messages with other person. Nowadays we can give commands using voice recognition. But what if one absolutely cannot hear anything and eventually cannot speak. So the Sign Language is the main communicating tool for hearing impaired and mute people, and also to ensure an independent life for them, the automatic interpretation of sign language is an extensive research area. Sign language recognition (SLR) aims to interpret sign languages automatically by an application in order to help the deaf people to communicate with hearing society conveniently. Our aim is to design a system to help the Deaf and Dumb person to communicate with the rest of the world using sign language. With the use of image processing and artificial intelligence, many techniques and algorithms have been developed in this area. Every sign language recognition system is trained for recognizing the signs and converting them into required pattern. The proposed system aim to provide speech to speechless, in this paper we have introduced Sign Language Recognition using CNN for dynamic gestures to achieve faster results with high accuracy.
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Oomen, Marloes, Mirko Santoro, and Carlo Geraci. "Some properties of neg-raising in three sign languages." FEAST. Formal and Experimental Advances in Sign language Theory 5 (December 14, 2023): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31009/feast.i5.12.
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Neg-raising, the phenomenon whereby a negation in the main clause of a complex constructionis interpreted as if belonging to the embedded clause, has been intensivelystudied in spoken languages. The same cannot be said for sign languages. In this paper,we investigate the properties of Neg-raising constructions in three sign languages:French Sign Language, Italian Sign Language, and Sign Language of the Netherlands.We report on two syntactic tests we applied to disambiguate Neg-raising and non-Negraisingreadings, showing that Neg-raising constructions have similar properties in thethree sign languages that we studied, as well as in comparable constructions in spokenlanguages. We also discuss some intricate headshake spreading patterns we found inNeg-raising constructions in Sign Language of the Netherlands, a non-manual dominantsign language.
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XIE, YUANXI. "SOLVING SINE-GORDON TYPE EQUATIONS BY A MODIFIED VARIABLE SEPARATED ODE METHOD." International Journal of Modern Physics B 27, no. 16 (June 7, 2013): 1350075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979213500756.
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Based on a variable separated ODE method presented by Sirendaoreji and Sun, a modified variable separated ODE method is developed to uniformly construct the explicit exact solutions of sine-Gordon type equations by introducing a more general additional variable separated ODE. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by applications to certain physically significant sine-Gordon type equations comprising the sine-Gordon equation and double sine-Gordon equation as particular examples. As a result, we cannot only recover the previously known exact solutions, but also pick up some new formal solutions for the sine-Gordon equation and double sine-Gordon equation by means of this approach.
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Zadeh, M. Abdollahi, and A. Sheykhi. "Sign-changeable interacting agegraphic dark energy in Brans–Dicke cosmology." Canadian Journal of Physics 98, no. 7 (July 2020): 643–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2018-0846.
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We explore a spatially homogeneous and isotropic Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) universe that is filled with agegraphic dark energy (ADE) with mutual interaction with pressureless dark matter in the background of Brans–Dicke (BD) theory. We consider both original and a new type of ADE (NADE) and further assume that the sign of the interaction term can change during the history of the universe. We obtain the equation of the state parameter, the deceleration parameter, and the evolutionary equation for the sign-changeable interacting ADE and NADE in BD cosmology. We find that in both models, the equation of the state parameter, wD, cannot cross the phantom line, although they can predict the universe evolution from the early deceleration phase to the late time acceleration, compatible with observations. We also investigate the sound stability of these models and find out that both models cannot show a signal of stability for different model parameters.
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ten Kate, Laurens, and Bart Philipsen. "“A Sign We Are”: A Poetical Theology of Passing in Hölderlin’s “Rousseau” and Other Late Poems." Religions 14, no. 8 (August 17, 2023): 1053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel14081053.
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The birth of modern aesthetics cannot be separated from the emergence of a new, non-dogmatic conception of religion and theology. Friedrich Schlegel advocated ‘art as new religion’ while Friedrich Schleiermacher developed a vision on religion as a deeply aesthetic experience. In this rich intellectual context, one author stands out as deeply steeped in this field of innovative dialogues between philosophy, religion and art (against the backdrop of profound historical transformations) and as a singular figure beckoning towards a future (and a future language) that was still to come: Friedrich Hölderlin. In his later work, Hölderlin’s poetic voice retreats into a process of meticulous reading and writing, a complex score of traces and signs that articulate difference, not-yet-presence and potentiality, which is nothing other than the experience of finite time. In doing so, Hölderlin retraces the divine in history and in human existence: its retreat and expected arrival. In this article, we present readings and interpretations of Hölderlin’s later poetry, with a specific focus on the Winke or hints of the gods, and the vocabulary of nods and signs (Zeichen) signifying the experience of time’s passing as the announcement of an unthinkable future. By involving Jean-Luc Nancy’s rethinking of the Winke as intersections of the divinity of humanity and the humanity of divinity, we will arrive at a new understanding of Hölderlin’s emblematic figures of modernity: the stranger and the passer-by as receivers and transmitters of these Winke.
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Mamatha, U. "Online Hand Gesture Recognition and Classification for Deaf and Dumb." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 30, 2021): 4402–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36075.
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As sign language is used by deaf and dumb but the non-sign-language speaker cannot understand there sign language to overcome the problem we proposed this system using python. In this first we taken the some of the hand gestures are captured using the web camera. The image is pre-processed and then feature are extracted from the captured image .comparing the feature extracted image with the reference image. If matched decision is taken the displayed as a text. This helps the non-sign-language members to recognize easily by using Convolutional neural network layer (CNN) with tensor flow
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ARONOV, A. G., and A. B. RAPOROT. "HALL EFFECT IN SUPERCONDUCTORS ABOVE Tc." Modern Physics Letters B 06, no. 16n17 (July 1992): 1083–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984992001939.
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We consider the Aslamazov-Larkin term in the Hall conductivity near Tc, and find that the sign of this term is determined by ∂Tc/∂μ, where μ is Fermi level. We show that the AL term cannot explain the sign change of the Hall conductivity in high temperature superconductors. We also show that weak damping helicon waves exist in classical weak magnetic field due to the very strong increasing of AL term near Tc.
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Kemple, Brian. "Elaboration of the Intellectual Sign." American Journal of Semiotics 34, no. 1 (2018): 87–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ajs201862039.
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Human beings cannot bear very much discontinuity: we innately desire resolution of our experiences, no matter how disparate they are from one another, into a common whole, into a life which “makes sense.” We desire to be persons with identities resolved into coherent wholes. But the socio-cultural world of everyday activity often presents a fragmentary and irresoluble array of experience which seemingly prevents this resolution. At the root of this fragmentation is not, however, the experiences themselves, but rather a lack of understanding concerning human cognition and consciousness. Without clarifying the possibilities of human intellection in the constitution of consciousness, we will remain at a disadvantage in the pursuit of coherent personal identities. It is to this lattermost point—how the intellectual sign is formed and how, in its formation, it in turn produces the horizons of our personal identities—that this article, conceived and reared in the tradition of thought exemplified by John Deely, is directed.
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Nevdobenko, Oksana I. "Cogito’s Hidden Premises Found through Two Aspects of a Sign." Epistemology & Philosophy of Science 59, no. 2 (2022): 102–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eps202259227.
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In the article we argue that Descartes while considering sign version of cogito does use some hidden premises in spite of well-known declaration there are none. They are:1) there’s such a length of time Δt over which I cannot be wrong on the matter of what happened over Δt (infallible time); 2) there’s such time extent Δt upon which I cannot be wrong (say, if an event happened quickly from I-viewpoint then while being measured in some standard units, one will appraise it as“quickly” as well). We investigate the advantages the evil demon can take from that. This is a sign manipulation we propose. Cogito as a sign object has to have a) a sense-data component and b) can be built only through time by consecutive generation one elementary sign after another. Then an (elementary) sign manipulation is the following: (1) I is [not am] building the sign si(or some part of it, which is not a sign any longer), (2) I thinks wrongly that the previous signs just built are s1, …, si-1 (the evil demon’s work), (3) I is [not am] going to built signs si+1, …, sn. For example, one thinks of self as thinking cogito, while in fact the real event is building “t” (the part “cogi” being prior to “t” is in the past and as such can be manipulatively substituted instead of what really happened in the life of I before building the sign “t” (whatever it is; probably, nothing; probably, I didn’t exist before generating “t”)). We investigate the source which makes the manipulation possible and the gravity of the destruction of such sort. The crucial reason for the possibility of such misconception turns out to be the sense-data component in any linguistic (being sign) constructions.
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Kimmelman, Vadim. "Parts of speech in Russian Sign Language." Sign Language and Linguistics 12, no. 2 (December 31, 2009): 161–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sll.12.2.03kim.
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In this paper, we present data that shed light on the parts of speech system of Russian Sign Language (RSL), in particular, the noun-verb distinction. An experimental study revealed that in RSL, specific phonological differences distinguish between nouns and verbs; these include differences in movement, handshape, orientation, location, and mouthing. The attested differences, which are subject to variation among the signers, can co-occur with each other. The patterns we found cannot be accounted for by models that have previously been proposed for other sign languages (e.g. American Sign Language and Australian Sign Language). We argue that these differences may result from the higher iconicity of verbs and the higher economy of nouns.
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Guidi, Simone. "The Truth We Know. Reassessing Suárez’s Account of Cognitive Truth and Objective Being." Mediaevalia Textos e estudos 40 (2023): 297–334. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/21836884/med40a11.
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This article aims at reassessing a widespread view, according to which Francisco Suárez left behind the scholastic model of truth as adaequatio, founding a new concept of truth based on his metaphysics of objective being. In the first part, I reconstruct the debate on the complex and incomplex truth, focu-sing especially on the sources of Suárez’s Disputation 8, and presenting the views of Aquinas, Henry of Ghent, Hervaeus, Durandus, Capreolus and Fonseca. Especially the latter proposes an eclectic synthesis, blending elements from the Dominican tradition and Henry of Ghent. In the second part, I analyze Suárez’s Disputation 8, showing that his doctrine of truth reprises and mitigates Fonseca’s, thus following most of the Dominican commentators of Aquinas. Here I explain especially the role played by objective being in the constitution of the truth in cognoscendo, also showing that the latter cannot be given without a previous adequation on the level of the truth in significando (the species). In the third part, I discuss three textual passages used by contemporary historiography to legitimate Suárez’s alleged abandon of adaequatio, pointing out, in the light of the previous reconstruction, some misreadings in these interpretations.
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Kolbe, Vera. "Open Science versus Data Protection – Challenges and Solutions in Sign Language Acquisition Studies." Hrvatska revija za rehabilitacijska istraživanja 58, Special Issue (October 12, 2022): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31299/hrri.58.si.6.
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Research within Deaf communities needs to adhere to the ethical requests of the partner communities involved. These ethical requests can be met via open science practices that are implemented in the project strategies of the European Commission. Open science refers to transparent, collaborative, and accessible research including citizen science. However, researchers studying the acquisition of sign languages are challenged by the General Data Protection Regulation implemented by the European Parliament. Researchers who study sign languages frequently handle personal data, i.e. video data. Such data cannot be fully pseudonymised since facial expressions contain relevant linguistic inputs and cannot be blurred. Hence, strict data protection measures are necessary, but these measures are contradictory to open science practices. How can we meet the demands of the data protection regulations, as well as enable open science practices. This article identifies strategies used in a sign language acquisition study involving more than 100 sign language videos of children’s narrations, which was conducted at the Department of Sign Language Pedagogy and Audio Pedagogy, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany.
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Невдобенко, Оксана Ивановна. "Sense generation, sign generation and infallible time in the Cartesian cogito." Логико-философские штудии, no. 3 (November 30, 2022): 342–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.52119/lphs.2022.97.12.018.
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The processes of sense generation and sign generation are obviously not isomorphic. We consider Cogito taking into account this fact. Decartes supposes the сogito-style sentences (Cogito, Dubito, Ego sum res cogitans, etc.) are unconditional and unfalsifiable. We argue that Descartes, while considering the sign version of Cogito, uses some hidden premises in spite of the well-known declaration there are none. They are:1) there is a time interval Δt over which I cannot be wrong on the matter of what happened during Δt (infallible time); 2) there is a time interval Δt upon which I cannot be wrong (say, if an event happened quickly from I-viewpoint then if measured in some standard units, one will qualify it as “quick” as well). We investigate the advantage the evil demon can take from that. This is the sign manipulation we propose. Cogito, as a sign object, а) has to have a sense-data component and b) can be built only through time by consecutive generation of one elementary sign after another. Then an (elementary) sign manipulation is the following: (1) I is [not am] building the sign si (or some part of it, which is not a sign any longer), (2) I thinks wrongly that the previous signs just built are s1 , ... , si-1 (the evil demon’s work), (3) I is [not am] going to built signs si+1 , ... , sn. For example, one thinks of self as thinking Cogito, while in fact the real event is the building of t (the part cogi, which is prior to t, is in the past and as such can be manipulatively substituted instead of what really happened in the life of I before building the sign t - whatever it is; probably, nothing; probably, I didn’t exist before generating t). We investigate the source which makes the manipulation possible and the gravity of the destruction of such sort. The crucial reason for the possibility of such misconception turns out to be the sense-data component in any linguistic (sign) constructions.
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Bhandari, Phanindra Prasad, and Shree Ram Khadka. "Maximum Flow Evacuation Planning Problem with Non-Conservation Flow Constraint." International Annals of Science 10, no. 1 (September 4, 2020): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/ias.10.1.25-32.
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The optimization model of the maximum flow evacuation planning problem efficiently sends a maximum number of evacuees along with the routes of their transshipment from the disastrous zone, the source, to the safe zone, the sink, over a given time horizon. The limitation of the problem with the flow conservation constraint at the intermediate nodes is that even one more evacuee cannot be sent out from the source, if the evacuee cannot reach the sink. However, evacuators must attempt to send out as many evacuees as possible to safer places despite the sink. There may be relatively safe places in between the source and the sink. The limitation is due to the flow conservation constraint. In this paper, we remodel the problem with non-conservation flow constraint and propose an efficient algorithm. With this approach one can send as many evacuees as in the flow conservation case from the source to the sink. Moreover, a maximum number of evacuees can also be sent to the relatively safe places in between the source and the sink. The routes of their transshipment can also be identified.
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Pfister, Jonas. "Sind Sprachkonventionen Regelm¨aßigkeiten?" KRITERION – Journal of Philosophy 1, no. 17 (January 1, 2003): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/krt-2003-011704.
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Abstract Language is ruled by conventions. In order to understand how language functions we need to know what conventions are. According to David Lewis conventions are regularities in action or in action and belief, that perpetuate themselves because they serve some common interest. Ruth Millikan has criticized this analysis for being too complex. She claims to offer an analysis in simpler terms that does neither rely on regularities nor rationality. She defines what she calls “natural conventions” as patterns that are reproduced due partly to weight of precedent. After brief outlines of the two proposals it is shown in this article that Millikans argument against Lewis’ analysis is based on a misconception of regularities, that her own analysis does itself rely on regularities and that she cannot do without rationality if she wants to explain the conventionality of language.
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EMMOREY, KAREN, NELLY GERTSBERG, FRANCO KORPICS, and CHARLES E. WRIGHT. "The influence of visual feedback and register changes on sign language production: A kinematic study with deaf signers." Applied Psycholinguistics 30, no. 1 (January 2009): 187–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716408090085.
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ABSTRACTSpeakers monitor their speech output by listening to their own voice. However, signers do not look directly at their hands and cannot see their own face. We investigated the importance of a visual perceptual loop for sign language monitoring by examining whether changes in visual input alter sign production. Deaf signers produced American Sign Language (ASL) signs within a carrier phrase under five conditions: blindfolded, wearing tunnel-vision goggles, normal (citation) signing, shouting, and informal signing. Three-dimensional movement trajectories were obtained using an Optotrak Certus system. Informally produced signs were shorter with less vertical movement. Shouted signs were displaced forward and to the right and were produced within a larger volume of signing space, with greater velocity, greater distance traveled, and a longer duration. Tunnel vision caused signers to produce less movement within the vertical dimension of signing space, but blind and citation signing did not differ significantly on any measure, except duration. Thus, signers do not “sign louder” when they cannot see themselves, but they do alter their sign production when vision is restricted. We hypothesize that visual feedback serves primarily to fine-tune the size of signing space rather than as input to a comprehension-based monitor.
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Sukhoverkhov, Anton Vladimirovich. "Sign System Studies and Modern Socio-Anthropomorphism." Linguistic Frontiers 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/lf-2018-0015.
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AbstractThe article examines the individual and social, practical, and theoretical presumptions (“idols” and “beliefs”) that constitute the conscious and unconscious re-construction of the social reality and reality of different conventional sign systems that represent and are represented by society. It is shown that in everyday life and in theoretical studies, we quite often analyze sign systems as if they were autonomous and empirically “given” realities. The work explains how this “natural belief” originated and developed. It is argued that conventional sign systems cannot be reduced to the reality of material “sign vehicles” because in society, sign systems are both subjective and objective, internal and external, and process and object.
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Gowri, J., R. Kamini, G. Vaishnavi, S. Thasvin, and C. Vaishna. "Heart Disease Prediction u sing Machine Learning." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 11, no. 8 (July 30, 2022): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.h9148.0711822.
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Heart is one most important organ in our body. The prediction of heart disease is most complicated task in today world. There are number of instruments available in today’s worlds. These instruments are so expensive some of them can afford that instrumentals some of them cannot afford the instruments. Early prediction of heart disease will reduce the death rate. we can tell the patients before the hand. In todays world we all have the good amount of data using that good amount of data we can predict the heart disease using various machine learning techniques. The proposed method will tell to patients probabilities of heart diseases. In this paper using the UCI dataset performed various machine learning techniques like Logistic Regression, Decision tree, KNN, Naïve Bayes, Random Forest, XGBoost, Support vector machine . In this paper we used proposed methodology from PHASE I to PHASE VII Using the evaluation metrics we can check the performance of the machine learning which gives more accuracy from the above seven machine learning algorithm.
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Gasiński, Leszek, and Nikolaos S. Papageorgiou. "Multiple Solutions for Nonlinear Dirichlet Problems with Concave Terms." MATHEMATICA SCANDINAVICA 113, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/math.scand.a-15570.
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We consider a nonlinear parametric Dirichlet problem with parameter $\lambda>0$, driven by the $p$-Laplacian and with a concave term $\lambda|u|^{q-2}u$, $1<q<p$ and a Carathéodory perturbation $f(z,\zeta)$ which is asymptotically $(p-1)$-linear at infinity. Using variational methods combined with Morse theory and truncation techniques, we show that there is a critical value $\lambda^*>0$ of the parameter such that for $\lambda\in (0,\lambda^*)$ the problem has five nontrivial smooth solutions, four of constant sign (two positive and two negative) and the fifth nodal. In the semilinear case ($p=2$), we show that there is a sixth nontrivial smooth solution, but we cannot provide information about its sign. Finally for the critical case $\lambda=\lambda^*$, we show that the nonlinear problem ($p\ne 2$) still has two nontrivial constant sign smooth solutions and the semilinear problem ($p=2$) has three nontrivial smooth solutions, two of which have constant sign.
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Nihalaani, Rachaell. "Sign Language Interpreter using Deep Learning." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 2129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38308.
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Abstract: Sign Language is invaluable to hearing and speaking impaired people and is their only way of communicating among themselves. However, it has limitations with its reach as the rest of the people have no information regarding sign language interpretation. Sign language is communicated via hand gestures and visual modes and is therefore used by hearing and speaking impaired people to intercommunicate. These languages have alphabets and grammar of their own, which cannot be understood by people who have no knowledge about the specific symbols and rules. Thus, it has become essential for everyone to interpret, understand and communicate via sign language to overcome and alleviate the barriers of speech and communication. This can be tackled with the help of machine learning. This model is a Sign Language Interpreter that uses a dataset of images and interprets the sign language alphabets and sentences with 90.9% accuracy. For this paper, we have used an ASL (American Sign Language) Alphabet. We have used the CNN algorithm for this project. This paper ends with a summary of the model’s viability and its usefulness for interpretation of Sign Language. Keywords: Sign Language, Machine Learning, Interpretation model, Convoluted Neural Networks, American Sign Language
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Asharabi, Rashad. "Periodic nonuniform sinc-Gauss sampling." Filomat 37, no. 1 (2023): 279–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil2301279a.
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The periodic nonuniform sampling has attracted considerable attention both in mathematics and engineering although its convergence rate is slow. To improve the convergence rate, some authors incorporated a regularized multiplier into the truncated series. Recently, the authors of [18] have incorporated a Gaussian multiplier into the classical truncated series. This formula is valid for bandlimited functions and the error bound decays exponentially, i.e. ? Ne??N, where ? is a positive number. The bound was established based on Fourier-analytic approach, so the condition that f belongs to L2(R) cannot be considerably relaxed. In this paper, we modify this formula based on localization truncated and with the help of complex-analytic approach. This formula is extended for wider classes of functions, the class of entire functions includes unbounded functions on R and the class of analytic functions in an infinite horizontal strip. The convergence rate is slightly better, of order e??N/? N. Some numerical experiments are presented to confirm the theoretical analysis.
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Al-Mohimeed, Bushra A., Hessa O. Al-Harbi, Ghadah S. Al-Dubayan, and Amal A. Al-Shargabi. "Dynamic Sign Language Recognition Based on Real-Time Videos." International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE) 18, no. 01 (January 26, 2022): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v18i01.27581.
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Sign language is the main communication tool for the deaf and hard of hearing. Deaf people cannot interact with others without a sign language interpreter. Accordingly, sign language recognition automation has become an important application in artificial intelligence and deep learning. Specifically, the recognition of Arabic sign language has been studied using many smart and traditional methods. This research provides a system to recognize dynamic Saudi sign language based on real time videos to solve this problem. We constructed a dataset for Saudi sign language in terms of videos in the proposed system. The dataset was then used to train a deep learning model using convolutional long short-term memory (convLSTM) to recognize the dynamic signs. Implementing such a system provides a platform for deaf people to interact with the rest of the world without an interpreter to reduce deaf isolation in society.
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Zhao, Liang, Zhengjie Wei, Yanting Li, Junwei Jin, and Xuan Li. "SEDG-Yolov5: A Lightweight Traffic Sign Detection Model Based on Knowledge Distillation." Electronics 12, no. 2 (January 6, 2023): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12020305.
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Most existing traffic sign detection models suffer from high computational complexity and superior performance but cannot be deployed on edge devices with limited computational capacity, which cannot meet the direct needs of autonomous vehicles for detection model performance and efficiency. To address the above concerns, this paper proposes an improved SEDG-Yolov5 traffic sign detection method based on knowledge distillation. Firstly, the Slicing Aided Hyper Inference method is used as a local offline data augmentation method for the model training. Secondly, to solve the problems of high-dimensional feature information loss and high model complexity, the inverted residual structure ESGBlock with a fused attention mechanism is proposed, and a lightweight feature extraction backbone network is constructed based on it, while we introduce the GSConv in the feature fusion layer to reduce the computational complexity of the model further. Eventually, an improved response-based objectness scaled knowledge distillation method is proposed to retrain the traffic sign detection model to compensate for the degradation of detection accuracy due to light-weighting. Extensive experiments on two challenging traffic sign datasets show that our proposed method has a good balance on detection precision and detection speed with 2.77M parametric quantities. Furthermore, the inference speed of our method achieves 370 FPS with TensorRT and 35.6 FPS with ONNX at FP16-precision, which satisfies the requirements for real-time sign detection and edge deployment.
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Lutzenberger, Hannah, Roland Pfau, and Connie de Vos. "Emergence or Grammaticalization? The Case of Negation in Kata Kolok." Languages 7, no. 1 (January 28, 2022): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages7010023.
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Typological comparisons have revealed that signers can use manual elements and/or a non-manual marker to express standard negation, but little is known about how such systematic marking emerges from its gestural counterparts as a new sign language arises. We analyzed 1.73 h of spontaneous language data, featuring six deaf native signers from generations III-V of the sign language isolate Kata Kolok (Bali). These data show that Kata Kolok cannot be classified as a manual dominant or non-manual dominant sign language since both the manual negative sign and a side-to-side headshake are used extensively. Moreover, the intergenerational comparisons indicate a considerable increase in the use of headshake spreading for generation V which is unlikely to have resulted from contact with Indonesian Sign Language varieties. We also attest a specialized negative existential marker, namely, tongue protrusion, which does not appear in co-speech gesture in the surrounding community. We conclude that Kata Kolok is uniquely placed in the typological landscape of sign language negation, and that grammaticalization theory is essential to a deeper understanding of the emergence of grammatical structure from gesture.
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Munir, Taj, Rana Atta ur Rahman, Ali Raza, Muhammad Yousaf Malik, Ilyas Khan, Ahmed Ashour, Abd Allah A. Mousa, and Ali Saeed Alqahtani. "Multiple-scale analysis of the parametric-driven sine-Gordon equation with phase shifts." Open Physics 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 526–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2022-0041.
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Abstract In this article, we model the current and voltage across the weak link between two superconductors. This gives us a nonhomogeneous, nonlinear parametric-driven sine-Gordon equation with phase shifts. This model equation cannot be solved directly but can be approximated. For the approximations, we use two methods, and analytic perturbation method and the numerical approximation method known as the Runge–Kutta method. For the analytic method, we construct a perturbation expansion method with multiple-scale expansion. We discuss the parametric-driven in the sine-Gordon equation with phase shifts for the 0–π–0 junction. Further, we also describe the breathing modes for various order of perturbation. At the end, we compare the solutions obtained via perturbation and numerical methods of parametric-driven sine-Gordon equation with phase shifts. Finally, we concluded that the modes of the breathing decay to a constant in both cases. Also we found a good agreement between both approximate methods.
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Gattringer, Christof, and Kurt Langfeld. "Approaches to the sign problem in lattice field theory." International Journal of Modern Physics A 31, no. 22 (August 9, 2016): 1643007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x16430077.
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Quantum field theories (QFTs) at finite densities of matter generically involve complex actions. Standard Monte Carlo simulations based upon importance sampling, which have been producing quantitative first principle results in particle physics for almost forty years, cannot be applied in this case. Various strategies to overcome this so-called sign problem or complex action problem were proposed during the last thirty years. We here review the sign problem in lattice field theories, focusing on two more recent methods: dualization to worldline type of representations and the density-of-states approach.
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Tambuskar, Himanshu, Gaurav Khopde, Snehal Ghode, Sushrut Deogirkar, and Er Manisha Vaidya. "A Survey Paper on Sign Language Recognition System using OpenCV and Convolutional Neural Network." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 2 (February 28, 2023): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.49007.
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Abstract: Communication is a very important part of our Human life to express feelings and thoughts. People like the Deaf & Dumb always face difficulty as they cannot speak in their regional languages. Language performs a very important role in communication, it can be verbal i.e. using words to speak, read and write or non-verbal using facial expressions and sign language. So, people like the Deaf and Dumb have the only choice to speak in Sign language means non-verbal. However, Sign language is a very important mode of their community. But it is difficult for people who are unaware of sign language. Hence, here is a system “Sign Language Recognition System Using Open CV and Convolutional Neural Network”. We proposed a system that converts sign language to their appropriate alphabet, words in a standard language to make easily understood by all. We also make some default gestures that we daily use in our day-to-day life. The project works on a learning algorithm, it requires the collection of datasets which includes images of each alphabet, and digits to train the model. For the classification of the image convolutional neural network is used. Also for accessing the camera and taking input we used an open cv.
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Softić, Mejra. "O FUNKCIJAMA ’ALIFA U ARAPSKOM JEZIKU (AL-’ALIF AL-LAYYINA – FLEKSIBILNI ’ALIF) ON." Zbornik radova 14, no. 14 (December 15, 2016): 287–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.51728/issn.1840-4448.2016.14.287.
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Classical Arabic philologists analyzed alif more than any other letter. In their works alif was analyzed in the context of its original function, as a sign for consonant hamza, but also as a long vowel sign, which lead to numerous studies and discussions. Given the fact that most of them focused on the analysis of alif as a sign for consonant hamza and that in the Orientalist literature we cannot find the works interpreting alif exclusively from the standpoint of its contemporary understanding (as a sign for a long vowel), the present paper aims at investigating the historical perspective of the dual function of alif, its contemporary terminological varieties in Arabic orthographies, its orthographic features and functions, as well as the modes of functioning on morpho-syntactic level.
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Marshall, T. H., and G. J. Martin. "PACKING STRIPS IN THE HYPERBOLIC PLANE." Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society 46, no. 1 (January 27, 2003): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0013091502000081.
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AbstractA strip of radius $r$ in the hyperbolic plane is the set of points within distance $r$ of a given geodesic. We define the density of a packing of strips of radius $r$ and prove that this density cannot exceed$$ \mathcal{S}(r)=\frac{3}{\pi}\sinh r\mathrm{arccosh}\biggl(1+\frac{1}{2\sinh^2r}\biggr). $$This bound is sharp for every value of $r$ and provides sharp bounds on collaring theorems for simple geodesics on surfaces.AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 51M09; 52C15. Secondary 51M04
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NAM, SOONKEON. "NON-UNITARY SUPERSYMMETRIC CONFORMAL FIELD THEORIES AND SUPERSYMMETRIC SINE-GORDON EQUATION." Modern Physics Letters A 05, no. 25 (October 10, 1990): 2071–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732390002365.
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We study coset construction of superconformal minimal models using admissible representations of Kac-Moody algebra. In particular, we study supersymmetric minimal models of Wn algebra, and in particular we argue that c = −5/2 cannot be considered as a minimal model of superconformal or super-W3 algebra. In the second part of the paper, we consider superconformal field theories whose perturbations correspond to breather-breather scattering in supersymmetric sine-Gordon equations, and find a family of theories with c = −3N(4N + 3)/2(N + 1), N = 1, 2, 3, …, which is the counterpart of the family of non-unitary theories with c = −2N(6N + 5)/(2N + 3), N = 1, 2, 3, …, among which N = 1 (c = −22/5) is the Yang-Lee edge singularity.
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Sari, Irma Permata. "Closer Look at Image Classification for Indonesian Sign Language with Few-Shot Learning Using Matching Network Approach." JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization 7, no. 3 (September 10, 2023): 638. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/joiv.7.3.1320.
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Huge datasets are important to build powerful pipelines and ground well to new images. In Computer Vision, the most basic problem is image classification. The classification of images may be a tedious job, especially when there are a lot of amounts. But CNN is known to be data-hungry while gathering. How can we build some models without much data? For example, in the case of Sign Language Recognition (SLR). One type of Sign Language Recognition system is vision-based. In Indonesian Sign Language dataset has a relatively small sample image. This research aims to classify sign language images using Computer Vision for Sign Language Recognition systems. We used a small dataset, Indonesian Sign Language. Our dataset is listed in 26 classes of alphabet, A-Z. It has loaded 12 images for each class. The methodology in this research is few-shot learning. Based on our experiment, the best accuracy for few-shot learning is Mnasnet1_0 (85.75%) convolutional network model for Matching Networks, and loss estimation is about 0,43. And the experiment indicates that the accuracy will be increased by increasing the number of shots. We can inform you that this model's matching network framework is unsuitable for the Inception V3 model because the kernel size cannot be greater than the actual input size. We can choose the best algorithm based on this research for the Indonesian Sign Language application we will develop further.
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Sumon, Md Shaheenur Islam, Muttakee Bin Ali, Samiul Bari, Ipshita Rahman Ohi, Mayisha Islam, and Syed Mahfuzur Rahman. "Sign Language Word Detection Using LRCN." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1305, no. 1 (April 1, 2024): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1305/1/012023.
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Abstract Sign language is the most effective communication for deaf or hard-of-hearing people. Specialized training is required to understand sign language, and as such, people without disabilities around them cannot communicate effectively. The main objective of this study is to develop a mechanism for streamlining the deep learning model for sign language recognition by utilizing the 30 most prevalent words in our everyday lives. The dataset was designed through 30 ASL (American Sign Language) words consisting of custom-processed video sequences, which consist of 5 subjects and 50 sample videos for each class. The CNN model can be applied to video frames to extract spatial properties. Using CNN’s acquired data, the LSTM model may then predict the action being performed in the video. We present and evaluate the results of two separate datasets—the Pose dataset and the Raw video dataset. The dataset was trained with the Long-term Recurrent Convolutional Network (LRCN) approach. Finally, a test accuracy of 92.66% was reached for the raw dataset, while 93.66% for the pose dataset.
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Alaria, Satish Kumar, Ashish Raj, Vivek Sharma, and Vijay Kumar. "Simulation and Analysis of Hand Gesture Recognition for Indian Sign Language using CNN." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v10i4.5556.
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Sign Language Recognition is a device or program to help deaf and mute people. However, communication has always been difficult for a person with verbal and physical disabilities. Sign language recognition communication between the average person and the disabled using this device easily communicates with people who cannot communicate with the average person, this program reduces the communication gap between people. In total, the world has a population of about 15 -20% of the deaf and mute population which is a clear indication of the need for a Sign Language Awareness Program. Different methods are used to identify sign language but they are not effective due to the economic and commercial situation so we use this cheap and affordable method for people. Therefore, sign language recognition systems based on image processing and sensory networks are preferred over gadget programs as they are more accurate and easier to implement. This paper aims to create an easy-to-use and accurate sign language recognition system trained in the neural network thus producing text and speech input.
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Abayeva, G. A. "ON THE USE OF SIGN LANGUAGE IN TEACHING HEARING-IMPAIRED CHILDREN." BULLETIN Series of Pedagogical Sciences 71, no. 3 (September 15, 2021): 168–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2021-3.1728-5496.17.
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Teaching children with hearing impairment for a long time, mainly a verbal form of education is used in Kazakhstan, based on the development of auditory perception. Subsequently, along with a relatively small number of positive cases, we have a number of generations of deaf citizens who are not able to read and write correctly, express their thoughts, etc. Grown - up children with hearing impairment, despite the efforts of sign language teachers and teachers, still communicate with each other in sign language and use written speech when communicating with hearing people. At the same time, the role of sign language in teaching the deaf cannot be overestimated, since it meets the special educational needs of children with hearing impairment. This article discusses traditional and alternative approaches to teaching the deaf; provides a brief overview of the existing normative legal acts regulating the status of sign language; presents the results of a survey of teachers on the use of sign language in teaching deaf children; identifies strategic aspects and conditions for using of sign language in educational organizations.
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Zhang, Chuanwei, Xiangyang Yue, Rui Wang, Niuniu Li, and Yupeng Ding. "Study on Traffic Sign Recognition by Optimized Lenet-5 Algorithm." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 01 (June 12, 2019): 2055003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001420550034.
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Traffic sign recognition (TSR) is a key technology of intelligent vehicles, which is based on visual perception for road information. In view of the fact that the traditional computer vision identification technology cannot meet the requirements of real-time accuracy, the TSR algorithm has been proposed on the basis of improved Lenet-5 algorithm. Firstly, we performed picture noise elimination and image enhancement on selected traffic sign images. Secondly, we used Gabor filter kernel in the convolution layer for convolution operation. In the convolution process, we added normalization layer Batch Normality (BN) after each convolution layer and reduced the data dimension. In the down-sampling layer, we replaced Sigmoid with the Relu activator. Finally, we selected the expanded GTSRB traffic sign database for the comparison experiment on the Caff platform. The experimental results showed that the proposed improved Lenet-5 network test set had the recognition accuracy of 96%, which was better than the method that combined Gabor with Support Vector Machine (SVM) in terms of recognition accuracy and real-time performance.
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Pitarque, Sylvain, Jean-Louis Herrmann, Jean-Luc Duteyrat, Mary Jackson, Graham R. Stewart, François Lecointe, Bruno Payre, et al. "Deciphering the molecular bases of Mycobacterium tuberculosis binding to the lectin DC-SIGN reveals an underestimated complexity." Biochemical Journal 392, no. 3 (December 6, 2005): 615–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20050709.
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Interactions between dendritic cells and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the aetiological agent of tuberculosis in humans, are thought to be central to anti-mycobacterial immunity. We have previously shown that M. tuberculosis binds to human monocyte-derived dendritic cells mostly through the C-type lectin DC-SIGN (dendritic-cell-specific intercellular molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin)/CD209, and we have suggested that DC-SIGN may discriminate between mycobacterial species through recognition of the mannose-capping residues on the lipoglycan lipoarabinomannan of the bacterial envelope. Here, using a variety of fast- and slow-growing Mycobacterium species, we provide further evidence that mycobacteria recognition by DC-SIGN may be restricted to species of the M. tuberculosis complex. Fine analyses of the lipoarabinomannan molecules purified from these species show that the structure and amount of these molecules alone cannot account for such a preferential recognition. We propose that M. tuberculosis recognition by DC-SIGN relies on both a potential difference of accessibility of lipoarabinomannan in its envelope and, more probably, on the binding of additional ligands, possibly including lipomannan, mannose-capped arabinomannan, as well as the mannosylated 19 kDa and 45 kDa [Apa (alanine/proline-rich antigen)] glycoproteins. Altogether, our results reveal that the molecular basis of M. tuberculosis binding to DC-SIGN is more complicated than previously thought and provides further insight into the mechanisms of M. tuberculosis recognition by the immune system.
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Vemula, Sathvik. "Sign Language Detection Using Hand Gestures." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 935–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.43997.
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Abstract- Some of the major problems faced by a person who are unable to speak are, they cannot express their emotion and they are unable to use (Artificial Intelligence) like google assistance, or Apple's SIRI etc because all those apps are based on voice controlling. Hand gestures are one of the nonverbal communication strategies used in sign language. People who are deaf or hard of hearing are the ones who use it the most to communicate with one another and with others. Various sign language systems have been developed by several firms across the world, however they are neither customizable nor costeffective for end users. We developed an app that recognises pre-defined American signed language using hand gestures (ASL).Our application will have two main featuresThe motion has been recognised, and the corresponding letter has been shown. The second feature is to display a meaningful word. In sign language each gesture has a specific meaning. So therefore complex meanings can be explain by the help of combination of various basic elements. Sign language contains special rules and grammar’s for expressing effectively. In a range of applications, such as human-computer interfaces, multimedia, and security
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Cimatti, Felice. "The circular semiosis of Giorgio Prodi." Sign Systems Studies 28 (December 31, 2000): 351–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sss.2000.28.19.
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Prodi's semiotics theory comes into being to answer a radical question: if a sign is a cross-reference, what guarantees the relation between the sign and the object to which it is referring? Prodi rebukes all traditional solutions: a subject's voluntary intention, a convention, the iconic relation between sign and object. He refutes the fIrst answer because the notion of intention, upon which it is based, is, indeed, a fully mysterious entity. The conventionalist answer is just as unsatisfactory for it does nothing but extends to a whole group that which cannot be explained for a single component; the iconic one, finally, is rejected toosince in this case the notion of "likeliness", as the basis of the concept of "iconicity", is not explained. Prodi's answer is to locate the model of semiotic relations in the figure of the circle. The circle is life, which is nothing else but an infinite chain of translation and recognition relations amidst ever more complex systems. The circle has neither a beginning nor an end. It has no foundation, no established rule. It holds no cause that cannot become, in turn, effect. Semiosis, then, is based upon life for life, itself, is intrinsically semiotic. We can put the world in signs, that is we can come to know it, because we, ourselves, are a part of that very worldthat through us is made known. Finally, what this implies is that being inside the circle of semiosis-life, an issue arises what is beyond that circle: that is both an aesthetic and a religious problem.
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Maiti, Santanu K. "Persistent Current in Metallic Rings and Cylinders." Solid State Phenomena 155 (May 2009): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.155.87.
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We explore the behavior of persistent current and low-field magnetic response in mesoscopic one-channel rings and multi-channel cylinders within the tight-binding framework. We show that the characteristic properties of persistent current strongly depend on total number of electrons , chemical potential μ, randomness and total number of channels. The study of low-field magnetic response reveals that only for one-channel rings with fixed , sign of the low-field currents can be predicted exactly, even in the presence of disorder. On the other hand, for multi-channel cylinders, sign of the low-field currents cannot be mentioned exactly, even in the perfect systems with fixed as it significantly depends on the choices of , μ, number of channels, disordered configurations, etc.
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Escudeiro, Paula, Bruno Galasso, Dirceu Teixeira, Márcia Campos Gouveia, and Nuno Escudeiro. "Inclusive MOOC – educational content for deaf people, a Portuguese proof of concept." Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences 17, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 1269–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v17i4.7151.
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The communication gap between deaf and non-deaf communities arises due to the use of distinct mother languages. A deaf student, who used to communicate in sign language, cannot read fluently materials written in spoken language. This fact causes serious difficulties to deaf students since most didactic materials in higher education are available exclusively in spoken languages. In this paper, we propose a pedagogical model to deliver educational materials in sign language aiming to provide deaf students the same conditions to succeed as the others, i.e., didactical materials available in one’s mother language. Our approach involves the integration of automatic translation technology between spoken and sign language pairs into MOOCs. As a proof of concept, we used this methodology to design a course addressing digital literacy for schoolteachers. The evaluation of the inclusive MOOC and its underlying model reveals its potential, even though further improvements are required, especially regarding evaluation and usability features.
Keywords: educational content; inclusive MOOC, pedagogical model; assistive technology; automatic translator.
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Cadamuro, Daniela, and Yoh Tanimoto. "Wedge-local observables for factorizing S-matrix with gap in the coupling constant." Reviews in Mathematical Physics 30, no. 04 (April 19, 2018): 1850010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129055x18500101.
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In the bootstrap approach to integrable quantum field theories in the [Formula: see text]-dimensional Minkowski space, one conjectures the two-particle S-matrix and tries to study local observables. We find a family of two-particle S-matrices parametrized by two positive numbers, which are separated from the free field or any other known S-matrix. We propose candidates for observables in wedge-shaped regions and prove their commutativity in the weak sense. The sine-Gordon model is conjectured to be equivalent to the Thirring model, and its breather–breather S-matrix components (where the first breather corresponds to the scalar field of the sine-Gordon model) are closed under fusion. Yet, the residues of the poles in this breather–breather S-matrix have wrong signs and cannot be considered as a separate model. Our S-matrices differ from the breather–breather S-matrix in the sine-Gordon model by CDD factors which adjust the signs, so that this sector alone satisfies reasonable assumptions.
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Durak, M. B., C. Simsek, B. Inan, and I. Yuksel. "P167 Ileocecal valve that cannot be intubated during colonoscopy in patients with Crohn’s disease: Is this a sign of poor prognosis?" Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 17, Supplement_1 (January 30, 2023): i325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac190.0297.
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Abstract Background In Crohn's disease (CD) the inability to intubate ileocecal valve during colonoscopy may be correlated with disease prognosis. We aimed to compare the long-term outcomes of CD patients with or without ileocecal valve intubation during colonoscopy to assess its value as a prognostic parameter. Methods Data were retrospectively collected in CD with isolated ileal involvement between January 1993 and July 2022. Patients who underwent ileal resection were excluded. Basal characteristics as well as long-term clinical outcomes including steroid dependence, CD-related hospitalization, biological treatment and abdominal surgery were compared between the two groups of patients with intubated and non-intubated ileocecal valve during colonoscopy. Results A total of 155 CD patients were included. Median age at disease onset was 35 years and 63.9% was male. Out of 155, 97 (62.5%) were in intubated and 58 (37.5%) were in non-intubated group. The median follow-up of cohort was 3.81 years (1.44-7.63). Non-intubated group was older at diagnosis (39.0 vs 30.5 age; p=0.002) while other baseline characteristics such as sex, smoking status, family history of IBD, disease duration, perianal disease, upper gastrointestinal and extraintestinal involvements were similar. At baseline, serum hemoglobin (12.3 vs. 13.3 mg/dL; p=0.029), albumin (4.1 vs. 4.3 g/dL; p=0.001), CRP (14 vs. 7.8 mg/L; p=0.005) and CDAI score (301 vs. 208; p<0.001) were all statistically significantly higher in the non-intubated group than in the intubated group. Non-intubated group had more frequent stenosing (41.4% vs. 10.1%) and penetrating (29.3% vs. 5.2%; p<0.001) disease course. On the other hand, intubated group had more inflammatory disease behavior (84.5% vs. 29.3%; p<0.001). Budesonide (37 vs. 13; p=0.043) and methotrexate use (32 vs. 9; p=0.017) was more common the intubated group, while 5-ASA, steroid, and thiopurine use was similar. Non-intubated group had higher rates of steroid dependence (67.2% vs. 46.4%; p=0.012), biologic treatment (89.7% vs. 58.8%; p<0.001), CD-related hospitalization (81% vs. 24.7%; p<0.001), and major abdominal surgery (58.6% vs. 15.5%; p<0.001). In logistic regression analysis, positive predictors of successful ileum intubation were inflammatory type CD (OR: 14.821), high serum albumin level (OR: 5.919), and older age (OR: 1.069), whereas negative predictors were stenosing (OR: 0.262) and penetrating (OR: 0.247) CD behavior. Conclusion In CD patients with isolated ileal involvement, the inability to intubate the ileocecal valve during colonoscopy may indicate a poor prognosis.
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Zadeh, M. Abdollahi, A. Sheykhi, and H. Moradpour. "Holographic dark energy with the sign-changeable interaction term." International Journal of Modern Physics D 26, no. 08 (February 7, 2017): 1750080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271817500808.
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We use three infrared (IR) cutoffs, including the future event horizon, the Hubble and Granda–Oliveros (GO) cutoffs, to construct three holographic models of dark energy (DE). Additionally, we consider a Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) universe filled by a dark matter (DM) and a DE that interact with each other through a mutual sign-changeable interaction with positive coupling constant. Thereinafter, we address the evolution of the some cosmological parameters, such as the equation of state (EoS) and dimensionless density parameters of DE as well as the deceleration parameter, during the cosmic evolution from the matter-dominated era until the late-time acceleration. We observe that a holographic dark energy (HDE) model with Hubble cutoff interacting with DM cannot be in line with the current universe. Our study shows that models with the future event horizon as the IR cutoff or the GO cutoff are in good agreement with the observational data. In fact, we find out that these two recent models can predict the universe transition from a deceleration phase to the acceleration one in a compatible way with observations. The three obtained models may also allow the EoS parameter to cross the phantom line, a result which depends on the values of the system’s constants such as the value of the interaction coupling constant.
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Stables, Andrew. "Edusemiotics as process semiotics: Towards a new model of semiosis for teaching and learning." Semiotica 2016, no. 212 (September 1, 2016): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2016-0126.
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AbstractStandard definitions posit the sign as a discrete entity in relation with other signs and standing for an object (either physical or psychological). Thus the sign has two roles, as prompt and as substitutive representation. The latter raises difficult questions about the relationship of the semiotic to the non-semiotic or pre-semiotic, which can be resolved logically (as in Peirce) or rejected as unanswerable (as in Saussure), but which can never be satisfactorily resolved empirically as the phenomenal cannot be divorced from the semiotic. This impasse can be resolved if we drop the assumption that the sign is essentially substitutive. The assumption of discrete entities, at either the phenomenal or the noumenal levels, is a function of discredited substance metaphysics. On a process metaphysical account, the reality of the sign is not attached to the discreteness of any pre-existing entity. The sign remains as prompt and as relational but not (other than sometimes with respect to other signs) substitutive. Rather than defined as standing for an object, the sign can now be regarded much more simply as a feature of an event. This conception of the sign is explored in terms of its implications for teaching and learning.
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van der Hulst, Harry. "Units in the analysis of signs." Phonology 10, no. 2 (August 1993): 209–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095267570000004x.
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The assumption that there is a common set of linguistic principles underlying both spoken language and sign language phonology, which forms part of the human language capacity, is shared by most phonologists working on sign language. See Sandler (1993a) for an extensive discussion of these issues. But even though this assumption is reasonable, since both spoken and signed languages are products of the same human brain and fulfil the same function, it is not clear that theories of representation which have been proposed for spoken languages can be directly applied to the structure of sign languages. Such representations have been developed on the basis of the spoken language modality only. They are often so close to the phonetics of spoken languages that we cannot rule out the possibility that non-trivial aspects of them are modality-specific. Therefore, rather than, for example, attempting to test various competing (spoken language-based) theories of syllable structure, we must first investigate the structure of sign language in its own right. This strategy need not be pushed too far, however. In developing a model of signs we can benefit from general principles which have proved successful in the study of spoken languages, especially if these principles do not seem to be directly based on ‘spoken phonetics’.
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Stones, Douglas S., and Ian M. Wanless. "Hownotto prove the Alon-Tarsi conjecture." Nagoya Mathematical Journal 205 (March 2012): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00277630-1543769.
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AbstractThe sign of a Latin square is −1 if it has an odd number of rows and columns that are odd permutations; otherwise, it is +1. LetLEnandLonbe, respectively, the number of Latin squares of ordernwith sign +1 and −1. The Alon-Tarsi conjecture asserts thatLEn≠Lonwhennis even. Drisko showed thatLEp+1≢Lop+1(modp3) for primep≥ 3 and asked if similar congruences hold for orders of the formpk+ 1,p+ 3, orpq+ 1. In this article we show that ift≤n, thenLEn+1≢L0n+1(modt3) only ift = nandnis an odd prime, thereby showing that Drisko’s method cannot be extended to encompass any of the three suggested cases. We also extend exact computation ton≤ 9, discuss asymptotics forLo/LE, and propose a generalization of the Alon-Tarsi conjecture.
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Stones, Douglas S., and Ian M. Wanless. "How not to prove the Alon-Tarsi conjecture." Nagoya Mathematical Journal 205 (March 2012): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0027763000010436.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe sign of a Latin square is −1 if it has an odd number of rows and columns that are odd permutations; otherwise, it is +1. LetLEnandLonbe, respectively, the number of Latin squares of ordernwith sign +1 and −1. The Alon-Tarsi conjecture asserts thatLEn≠Lonwhennis even. Drisko showed thatLEp+1≢Lop+1(modp3) for primep≥ 3 and asked if similar congruences hold for orders of the formpk+ 1,p+ 3, orpq+ 1. In this article we show that ift≤n, thenLEn+1≢L0n+1(modt3) only ift = nandnis an odd prime, thereby showing that Drisko’s method cannot be extended to encompass any of the three suggested cases. We also extend exact computation ton≤ 9, discuss asymptotics forLo/LE, and propose a generalization of the Alon-Tarsi conjecture.