Relevant bibliographies by topics / WC-W2C

Academic literature on the topic 'WC-W2C'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 30 May 2022
Last updated: 31 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "WC-W2C"

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Li, Lian Jie, and Chi Bin Gui. "Effect of Dissolving of WC/W2C on the Interface Microstructure of Iron Matrix Hardfacing Alloys." Advanced Materials Research 306-307 (August 2011): 819–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.306-307.819.

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Hardfacing alloys reinforced with WC/W2C on Q235 steel plates were prepared by the method of flux-cored wire TIG and MIG welding. The interface microstructure and carbide morphology were investigated using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of dissolving of WC/W2C on the interface microstructure was discussed. It indicated that the C-W-Fe ternary brittle compound has formed on the interface due to dissolving of WC/W2C and the dissolving degree of the particles by TIG is less than by MIG. Abrasion resistance was evaluated by wet sand rubber wear tests and the wear mechanism was studied. The results show that WC/W2C particles play a key role in improving abrasion resistance.
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NAPIÓRKOWSKI, Jerzy, and Krzysztof LIGIER. "THE ANALYSIS OF WEAR OF THE LAYERS CONTAINING WC/W2C IN ABRASIVE SOIL." Tribologia 269, no. 5 (October 31, 2016): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.6612.

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The paper presents the results of research involving the resistance of hardfacing materials containing WC/W2C carbides to abrasive wear. The tested hardfacing materials were made using PJ5D and El-Tung FeA rods. The WC/W2C carbide contents of the examined materials amounted to 90% and 60%. These materials are meant to be used in mining tools subject to intense abrasive wear. In spite of its higher WC/W2C carbide content, the intensity of wear of the hardfacing material made using the PJ5D rod was higher than that of the hardfacing material made using the El-Tung FeA rod. Wear resistance tests were conducted by means of the “spinning bowl” method, using real (natural) soil masses. Light and heavy soil masses were used.
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Chi, Jing, Hui Qi Li, Shu Feng Wang, Min Li, and Jian Nan Li. "Fabrication and Microstructures of WC-Based Composites by Plasma Jet Metallurgy." Advanced Materials Research 652-654 (January 2013): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.652-654.60.

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The WC-Fe bulk composites were prepared by means of the plasma jet metallurgy using WO3, C and Fe-based alloy powder as raw materials. Phases of the composites were mainly WC, W2C, M6C, M7C3and (Fe, Ni).The WC grains formed in situ had rectangular or triangular shapes with size of 30-70μm. The growth morphology of Fe3W3C was faceted polygon and herringbone. The formation of the unique composite microstructure was attributed to the incomplete peritectic reaction between W2C and Fe3W3C.
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Itagaki, Hirotomo, Taisei Yachi, Hisato Ogiso, Harumichi Sato, Yorihiro Yamashita, Junichi Yasuoka, and Yoshinori Funada. "DC Arc Plasma Treatment for Defect Reduction in WC-Co Granulated Powder." Metals 10, no. 7 (July 20, 2020): 975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10070975.

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Tungsten carbide–cobalt (WC–Co) agglomerated powder is widely used for additive manufacturing and spray coating, and a reduction in internal gaps in the powder is required to obtain a product of high quality. In this paper, we investigate plasma effects on agglomerated powder when WC–12%Co powder is directly subjected to direct current (DC) arc plasma treatment to reduce gaps in the WC–Co powder. We obtain a plasma-treated powder with reduced gaps among WC particles. Furthermore, plasma-treatment improves the sphericity of the powder particles, due to the spheroidization effect, so that the percentage of plasma-treated particles exceeding 95% sphericity is 50%, which is 1.7 times that of raw powder. Concern regarding the possible generation of W2C by plasma treatment is unfounded, with W2C levels kept very low according to X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, showing a value of 0.0075 for the area ratio W2C(002)/WC(100). XRD analysis also reveals that plasma treatment relaxes residual strains in the powder. From these results, the DC plasma treatment of WC agglomerated powder produces a spherical powder with fewer gaps and strains in the powder, making it more suitable for additive manufacturing while suppressing decarburization.
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Razavi, Mansour, Mohammad Reza Rahimipour, and Rahim Yazdani-Rad. "Synthesis of Nanocrystalline WC Single-Phase Refractory via Mechanical Milling." Journal of Nanomaterials 2011 (2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/540540.

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In this paper the possibility of production of nanocrystalline WC single-phase by mechanical milling has been investigated. The raw materials containing tungsten and carbon with WC as nucleation were milled in a planetary ball mill and sampled in different times. Studies showed that after 75 hours of milling the WC with W2C was produced and remained constant in higher milling time. Adding WC to raw materials at the beginning process leads to the fact that after 50 hours of milling only WC was synthesized without undesirable W2C phase. This material remained stable until higher times of milling too. From broadening of XRD peaks, the crystalline size in synthesized WC was estimated in nanometer scale which lower than the system containing primary WC, and it means that the strain in this system was lower than first system.
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Jonda, Ewa, Leszek Łatka, Anna Tomiczek, Marcin Godzierz, Wojciech Pakieła, and Paweł Nuckowski. "Microstructure Investigation of WC-Based Coatings Prepared by HVOF onto AZ31 Substrate." Materials 15, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15010040.

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In this paper, three commercial cermet powders, WC-Co-Cr, WC-Co and WC-Cr3C2-Ni, were sprayed by the High Velocity Oxy Fuel (HVOF) method onto magnesium alloy AZ31 substrate. The coatings were investigated in terms of their microstructure, phase analysis and residual stress. The manufactured coatings were analyzed extensively using optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Based on microstructure studies, it was noted that the coatings show satisfactory homogeneity. XRD analysis shows that in WC-Co, WC-Co-Cr and WC-Cr3C2-Ni coatings, main peaks are related to WC. Weaker peaks such as W2C, Co0.9W0.1, Co and W for WC-Co and W2C, Cr3C2 and Cr7C3 for WC-Cr3C2-Ni also occur. In all cermet coatings, linear stress showed compressive nature. In WC-Co and WC-Cr3C2-Ni, residual stress had a similar value, while in WC-Co-Cr, linear stress was lower. It was also proved that spraying onto magnesium substrate causes shear stress in the WC phase, most likely due to the low elastic modulus of magnesium alloy substrate.
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Tan, Guo Long. "Synthesis of Metastable Tungsten Carbide Nanoparticles by Mechanochemical Alloying Process." Advanced Materials Research 66 (April 2009): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.66.135.

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Thermodynamically metastable tungsten carbide (W2C) nanoparticles have been synthesized by mechanochemical alloying (MCA) process. Mg was used as reductive agent and graphite as carbon source. The reduction reaction of WO3 and Mg gave nanometer W powders. Subsequent diffusion reaction of fresh W with carbon produced metastable W2C and a small amount of WC nanoparticles in a W rich environment. WC was then transferred to W2C during the prolonged MCA process. The mechanism of such a chemical transformation has been discussed from a point of view of thermodynamics. The subsequent self-propagation diffusion reaction of fresh W with C source controlled the rate of the whole reaction process due to its slow reaction speed. The final product of the MCA process mainly depends on the composition ratio of W to C in the raw materials. W2C nanoparticles in single phase have been finally fabricated by MCA process at a W rich environment. The structure of the final product has been determined by x-ray diffraction, while the morphology and microstructure of the as-milled W2C nanoparticles have been demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy images.
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Oliphant, Clive J., Christopher J. Arendse, Sigqibo T. Camagu, and Hendrik Swart. "EBSD Analysis of Tungsten-Filament Carburization During the Hot-Wire CVD of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes." Microscopy and Microanalysis 20, no. 1 (January 15, 2014): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927613014001.

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AbstractFilament condition during hot-wire chemical vapor deposition conditions of multi-walled carbon nanotubes is a major concern for a stable deposition process. We report on the novel application of electron backscatter diffraction to characterize the carburization of tungsten filaments. During the synthesis, the W-filaments transform to W2C and WC. W-carbide growth followed a parabolic behavior corresponding to the diffusion of C as the rate-determining step. The grain size of W, W2C, and WC increases with longer exposure time and increasing filament temperature. The grain size of the recrystallizing W-core and W2C phase grows from the perimeter inwardly and this phenomenon is enhanced at filament temperatures in excess of 1,400°C. Cracks appear at filament temperatures >1,600°C, accompanied by a reduction in the filament operational lifetime. The increase of the W2C and recrystallized W-core grain size from the perimeter inwardly is ascribed to a thermal gradient within the filament, which in turn influences the hardness measurements and crack formation.
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Sha, Jin, Liang-Yu Chen, Yi-Tong Liu, Zeng-Jian Yao, Sheng Lu, Ze-Xin Wang, Qian-Hao Zang, Shu-Hua Mao, and Lai-Chang Zhang. "Phase Transformation-Induced Improvement in Hardness and High-Temperature Wear Resistance of Plasma-Sprayed and Remelted NiCrBSi/WC Coatings." Metals 10, no. 12 (December 17, 2020): 1688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10121688.

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The remelting method is introduced to improve the properties of the as-sprayed NiCrBSi coatings. In this work, tungsten carbide (WC) was selected as reinforcement and the as-sprayed and remelted NiCrBSi/WC composite coatings were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, hardness test and tribology test. After spraying, WC particles are evenly distributed in the coating. The remelting process induced the decarburizing reaction of WC, resulting in the formation of dispersed W2C. The dispersed W2C particles play an important role in the dispersion strengthening. Meanwhile, the pores and lamellar structures are eliminated in the remelted NiCrBSi/WC composite coating. Due to these two advantages, the hardness and the high-temperature wear resistance of the remelted NiCrBSi/WC composite coating are significantly improved compared with those with an as-sprayed NiCrBSi coating; the as-sprayed NiCrBSi coating, as-sprayed NiCrBSi/WC composite coating and remelted NiCrBSi/WC composite coating have average hardness of 673.82, 785.14, 1061.23 HV, and their friction coefficients are 0.3418, 0.3261, 0.2431, respectively. The wear volume of the remelted NiCrBSi/WC composite coating is only one-third of that of the as-sprayed NiCrBSi coating.
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Zhou, Keyao, Xiangze Du, Linyuan Zhou, Huiru Yang, Xiaomei Lei, Yan Zeng, Dan Li, and Changwei Hu. "The Deoxygenation of Jatropha Oil to High Quality Fuel via the Synergistic Catalytic Effect of Ni, W2C and WC Species." Catalysts 11, no. 4 (April 3, 2021): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11040469.

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Tungsten carbide-based materials have good deoxygenation activity in the conversion of biomass. In this paper, catalysts with different nickel–tungsten carbide species were prepared by tuning the reduction temperature and Ni loading, and the effects of these different tungsten carbide species in the conversion of jatropha oil were studied. XRD, XPS, TEM, HRTEM, Raman, H2-TPR, ICP-AES were used to characterize the catalysts. The results suggested that metallic W was gradually carburized to W2C species, and W2C species was further carburized to WC species with the increase in reduction temperature and Ni loading. The obtained 10Ni10W/AC-700 catalyst exhibited outstanding catalytic performance with 99.7% deoxygenation rate and 94.5% C15-18 selectivity, which were attributed to the smallest particle size, the best dispersion, the most exposed active sites, and the synergistic effect of Ni, W2C and WC species.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "WC-W2C"

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Троснікова, Ірина Юріївна. "Спрямовано армовані композиційні матеріали систем Mo- Si-В, WC-W2C поліфункціонального призначення." Doctoral thesis, Київ, 2014. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/9776.

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Book chapters on the topic "WC-W2C"

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Gousmine, Mokrane, Djamel Miroud, Mohamed Farid Benlamnouar, Boualeme Demri, and Abderrahmane Younes. "Study of Composite with Metallic Matrix WC/W2C–20W–20Ni Realized by Spontaneous Infiltration of the Bronze Alloy Cu–30Mn–3P." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 365–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41468-3_30.

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Gubisch, M., Y. Liu, S. Krischok, G. Ecke, L. Spiess, J. A. Schaefer, and C. Knedlik. "Tribological characteristics of WC1-x, W2C and WC tungsten carbide films." In Life Cycle Tribology, 409–17. Elsevier, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8922(05)80043-4.

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A. Dobrzański, Leszek. "Advanced Composites with Aluminum Alloys Matrix and Their Fabrication Processes." In Advanced Aluminium Composites and Alloys [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98677.

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This chapter introduces advanced aluminum alloy matrix composites and their manufacturing processes. In the beginning, the state of the art is characterized and the general characteristics of aluminum and its practical applications are presented, starting with the history of aluminum. The current approximate distribution of bauxite resources in the world and the production of bauxite and alumina in the leading countries of the world, as well as the production of primary and secondary aluminum and the range of aluminum end products, are presented. Aluminum alloys intended for plastic deformation and castings, and composite materials in general and with a matrix of aluminum alloys in particular, have been characterized in general. Against this background, a detailed review of the results of the Author’s own research included in numerous projects and own publications on advanced composite materials, their production technology, their structure, and properties were done. The range of aluminum alloy matrices of composite materials was adequately characterized, which include AlSi12, AlSi7Mg0.3, AlMg1SiCu, AlMg3, AlMg5, and AlMg9, respectively. Composite materials tested in terms of manufacturing technology include three groups. The first group includes gas pressure infiltration with liquid aluminum alloys of suitably formed porous preforms. Porous frameworks as a reinforcement for pressure-infiltrated composite materials with a matrix of aluminum alloys are produced by three methods. Al2O3 powder with the addition of 30–50% carbon fibers is uniaxially pressed, sintered, and heated to thermally degrade the carbon fibers and create the required pore sizes. In the second case, the ceramic porous skeleton is produced with the use of halloysite nanotubes HNTs by mechanical milling, press consolidation, and sintering. A third method is SLS selective laser sintering using titanium powders. Another group of manufacturing technologies is the mechanical synthesis of the mixture of AlMg1SiCu aluminum alloy powder and respectively, halloysite nanotubes HNTs in a volume fraction from 5 to 15% or multi-wall carbon nanotubes MWCNTs in a volume fraction from 0.5 to 5%, and subsequent consolidation involving plastic deformation. The third group of analyzed materials concerns composite surface layers on substrates of aluminum alloys produced by laser feathering of WC/W2C or SiC carbides. The structure and properties of the mentioned composite materials with aluminum alloys matrices are described in detail. The chapter summary provides final remarks on the importance of advanced aluminum alloy composite materials in industrial development. The importance of particular groups of engineering materials in the history and the development of the methodology for the selection of engineering materials, including the current stage of Materials 4.0, was emphasized. The importance of material design in engineering design is emphasized. Concepts of the development of societies were presented: Society 5.0 and Industry 4.0. The own concept of a holistic model of the extended Industry 4.0 was presented, taking into account advanced engineering materials and technological processes. Particular attention was paid to the importance of advanced composite materials with an aluminum alloy matrix in the context of the current stage of Industry 4.0 of the industrial revolution. Growth in the production of aluminum, its alloys, and composites with its matrix was compared with that of steel. Despite the 30 times less production, aluminum is important due to its lower density. The challenges posed by the development in the Industry 4.0 stage, including the expectations of the automotive and aviation industry, force constant progress in the development of new materials with the participation of aluminum, including the composite materials with an aluminum alloy matrix presented in this chapter.
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Conference papers on the topic "WC-W2C"

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Телепа, В. Т., В. А. Щербаков, А. В. Щербаков, and В. И. Вершинников. "ВЫСОКОТЕМПЕРАТУРНЫЙ СИНТЕЗ КОМПОЗИТА WC-W2C МЕТОДОМ ЭЛЕКТРОТЕПЛОВОГО ВЗРЫВА ПОД ДАВЛЕНИЕМ." In Ежегодная научная конференция ИСМАН. ТОРУС ПРЕСС, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.30826/isman2018-21.

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Hwang, S. Y., B. G. Seong, and M. C. Kim. "Characterization of WC-Co Coatings Using HP/HVOF Process." In ITSC 1996, edited by C. C. Berndt. ASM International, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1996p0107.

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Abstract To maintain surface roughness of process rolls in cold rolling steel plants, WC-Co coatings have been known to be effective ones. In this study, a high pressure/high velocity oxygen fuel (HP/HVOF) process was used to obtain WC-Co coatings. To get the best quality of coatings, WC-Co coatings are sprayed with numerous powders made by various processes. These powders include agglomerated sintered powders, fused-crushed powders, extra high carbon WC-Co powders and (W2C, WC)-Co powders. After spraying, properties of coatings such as hardness, wear resistance. X-ray diffraction, and microstructures were analyzed. For coatings produced by agglomerated-sintered powders, hardness of the coating increased as power levels and the number of passes were increased. In case of the coatings produced by fused-crushed powders, a very low deposition rate was obtained due to a low flowablity of the powders. In addition, the WC-Co coatings sprayed with extra carbon content of WC-Co did not show improved hardness and wear resistance. Also, some decomposition of WC was observed in the coating. Finally, the coatings produced by (W2C, WC)-Co powders produced higher hardness and lower wear resistance coating.
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Voyer, J., and B. R. Marple. "Thermal Spray Processing of WC-Co Nanomaterials." In ITSC 2000, edited by Christopher C. Berndt. ASM International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2000p0895.

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Abstract WC-Co based cermets are extensively used in wear applications due to their hardness and toughness. Recent work has demonstrated the potential for using nanoscale constituents to improve the wear properties of these materials. In the present study, two WC-Co powders containing a nanosized WC phase were used to produce coatings by HVOF thermal spraying. These powders had similar properties except for the volume percent binder present: WC-8C0 and WC-12Co. The thermal spraying conditions were varied in order to identify their effect on the microstructure, properties and phase composition of the sprayed coatings. The as-sprayed coatings possess porosity values ranging between 1% and 2% and microhardness values (HV100) from 1150 to 1550, which are quite similar to values obtained for conventionally sized WC-based coatings. For all the coatings, phase analysis indicated significant degradation of the WC phase to produce W2C, W, CO3W3C and Co6W3C. For some spray conditions, even WO3 phase was found in the coatings. The JP-5000 HVOF system produces coatings with lower porosity, similar microhardness values and, more importantly, with lower WC degradation than the coatings produced with the DJ-2700.
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Shmyreva, T., and V. Britun. "WC-Co Detonation Coatings Having a Hybrid Amorphous-Nanocrystalline Structure Display Improved Properties." In ITSC 1997, edited by C. C. Berndt. ASM International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1997p0925.

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Abstract X ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy studies and measurements of hardness and void content were carried out for WC-20% Co coatings produced by detonation flame spraying at various oxygen/acetylene ratios in the detonating gas mixture. It was demonstrated that successive transition from (WC+Co) to (W2C+Co3W3C) to (W+CO7W6) occurs as the oxygen content in the mixture is increased, and that amorphous-nanocrystalline structures form in the coating. Two types of these hybrid structures were revealed, one including an amorphous metallic matrix containing precipitates of intermetallic nanocrystals, the other having an amorphous oxide matrix and nanocrystalline precipitates of CO3O4 and WO3. The hybrid structures were shown to improve coating density and hardness.
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Guilemany, J. M., and J. M. de Paco. "Study and Characterisation of the W2C-Phase Formation During the HVOF Spraying of WC+12%Co Powders." In ITSC 1999, edited by E. Lugscheider and P. A. Kammer. Verlag für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren DVS-Verlag GmbH, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1999p0765.

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Abstract In this paper, the processes associated with the formation of the tungsten carbide phase are studied and determined. A plasma-compressed WC+12%Co powder is sprayed with a CDS-100 gun. WC+Co coatings are obtained by (High Velocity Oxygen Fuel technology. The coatings are characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive system, and transmission electron microscopy in order to record and identify the tungsten carbide phase. The mechanisms for the formation of the tungsten carbide phase are discussed. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
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Paskalov, G. "RF-Plasma Technology to Enhance Spray Materials." In ITSC 1996, edited by C. C. Berndt. ASM International, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1996p0375.

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Abstract This study focuses on RF-Plasma Technology (RFPT) to enhance the physical properties of powdered materials (metals, carbides, ceramics, inter-metallics, and mixtures). The efficiency and flexibility of RFPT allows for the economically viable production of powders with a high degree of densification, spheroidization and purity. RFPT is based on the used of RF inductive power used to create a plasma at atmospheric pressure. A complex model based on theoretical calculations and empirical data has been developed to describe changes in particles exposed to the plasma stream for a variety of process parameters. A specific combination of parameters is referred to as a scheme. Advanced schemes have been developed to increase the coefficient of heat transfer from the plasma stream to particles by up to 35%. RFPT is especially useful for the production of powders that have been difficult or impossible to create with traditional methods. Some of the materials processed include: ZrO2, W2C, WC and WC-Co combinations. Particle size distribution (PSD) can be tightly controlled, and can vary from 5 to 600 microns.
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