Relevant bibliographies by topics / WC

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'WC'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "WC"

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Moolenburgh, Daniël. "WC Eend." Mednet 5, no. 4 (April 2012): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12462-012-0102-4.

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Noltemeier, Martina. "WC-Ente." Lebensmittel Zeitung 73, no. 26 (2021): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/0947-7527-2021-26-128.

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Brookes, Ken. "Grain-size distribution in WC and WC/Co." Metal Powder Report 67, no. 2 (March 2012): 30–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0657(12)70131-5.

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Lay, S., C. H. Allibert, M. Christensen, and G. Wahnström. "Morphology of WC grains in WC–Co alloys." Materials Science and Engineering: A 486, no. 1-2 (July 2008): 253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2007.09.019.

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Zhong, Yang, and Leon L. Shaw. "Growth mechanisms of WC in WC–5.75wt% Co." Ceramics International 37, no. 8 (December 2011): 3591–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2011.06.016.

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Bounhoure, Valérie, Sabine Lay, Marc Loubradou, and Jean-Michel Missiaen. "Special WC/Co orientation relationships at basal facets of WC grains in WC–Co alloys." Journal of Materials Science 43, no. 3 (October 31, 2007): 892–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-007-2181-x.

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Xu, Pei Quan, Ding Ma, and Chun Wei Ma. "Analysis of WC Dissolution Phenomenon Happened in TIG Welded Joint of Cemented Carbide and Invar Alloy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 184-185 (June 2012): 896–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.184-185.896.

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In current research, WC dissolution phenomenon happened in TIG welds was investigated and discussed. And the element diffusion was studied using area-scanning method. The results showed that the WC dissolution phenomenon always happened near WC-Co/Welded seam interface. Moreover, the amount of WC dissolved in welds became less from WC-Co, welds to invar alloys. WC dissolution happened in welded seam induced by tungsten arc led to the WC grain growth (60µm or so) and WC shape changes. The grain boundary (GB) between different WC particles during WC aggregation was also confirmed and WC grain growth was owed to the WC aggregation during the processing of WC dissolution.
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Seo, Osung, and Shin Hoo Kang. "On the Dissolution of WC in WC-Co Alloys." Key Engineering Materials 317-318 (August 2006): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.317-318.263.

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Transitional metals, such as V, Nb, Mo and Ti, were used to control the growth of ultrafine WC particles. Based on a study of the microstructures these metals were effective in inhibiting the growth of WC. The interaction parameter measured between those metals and W in a Co melt was a positive quantity. This indicates that the presence of V, Nb, Mo or Ti would tend to reduce the solubility of W in a Co melt, thus inhibiting the dissolution and growth of WC.
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Bľanda, Marek, Annamária Duszová, Tamás Csanádi, Pavol Hvizdoš, František Lofaj, and Ján Dusza. "Indentation fatigue of WC grains in WC–Co composite." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 34, no. 14 (November 2014): 3407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2014.02.022.

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Zhang, Pengxian, Yibin Pang, and Mingwei Yu. "Effects of WC Particle Types on the Microstructures and Properties of WC-Reinforced Ni60 Composite Coatings Produced by Laser Cladding." Metals 9, no. 5 (May 21, 2019): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9050583.

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WC-reinforced Ni60 composite coatings with different types of WC particles were prepared on 304 stainless steel surface by laser cladding. The influences of spherical WC, shaped WC, and flocculent WC on the microstructures and properties of composite coatings were investigated. The results showed that three types of WC particles distribute differently in the cladding coatings, with spherical WC particles stacking at the bottom, shaped WC aggregating at middle and lower parts, with flocculent WC particles dispersing homogeneously. The hardnesses, wear resistances, corrosion resistances, and thermal shock resistances of the coatings are significantly improved compared with the stainless steel substrate, regardless of the type of WC that is added, and especially with regard to the microhardness of the cladding coating; the addition of spherical or shaped WC particles can be up to 2000 HV0.05 in some areas. Flocculent WC, shaped WC, and spherical WC demonstrate large to small improvements in that order. From the results mentioned above, the addition of flocculent WC can produce a cladding coating with a uniform distribution of WC that is of higher quality compared with those from spherical WC and shaped WC.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "WC"

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Martins, Vinicius. "Estudo das propriedades mecânicas dos compósitos WC-6Co, WC-10Co, WC-20Co, WC-6Co-6Ni, WC-6Co-12Ni obtidos por metalurgia do pó convencional para aplicação em anéis de selos mecânicos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/31381.

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O presente trabalho tem como objetivo o estudo das propriedades mecânicas do metal duro nas composições WC-6Co, WC-10Co, WC-20Co, WC-6Co-6Ni, WC-6Co-12Ni, obtidos por metalurgia do pó convencional para aplicação em anéis de selos mecânicos. Estes compósitos foram obtidos a partir de uma composição comercial de WC-6Co, e adicionado cobalto e níquel para realização do balanço de massa. Determinou-se um procedimento de obtenção das composições, através de cálculos de balanceamento adicionando-se a quantidade de cobalto e níquel necessária para transformar um compósito comercial 94WC-6Co nos metais duros mencionados. Após este procedimento adicionou-se 1,5% de lubrificante, em um misturador em “Y”. Analisou-se no Microscópio eletrônico de varredura a homogeneidade das composições. Determinou-se a densidade aparente, a curva de compressibilidade e compactaram-se as amostras de metal duro obtendo-se as densidades a verde. Realizou-se a pré-sinterização e determinaram-se as densidades das peças présinterizadas, executou-se ensaio de compressão e obtiveram-se parâmetros de usinagem na operação de faceamento e furação dos corpos de prova pré-sinterizados. A sinterização foi realizada em diversas vezes, nos dois fornos resistivos e em três atmosferas de controle diferentes. Determinaram-se curvas rápidas de sinterização e utilizou as temperaturas de 1360, 1400, 1420, e 1450ºC para as várias composições de metal duro. Para analisar-se a eficiência da mistura foi realizado ensaio de densidade das amostras sinterizadas, dureza, microdureza, metalografia, micrografia, EDS, contração linear e contração volumétrica e compressão. Após a caracterização dos materiais foi projetado e fabricado um ferramental de compactação. Compactou-se, sinterizou-se e retificou-se um anel de selo mecânico.
The aim of this work is to characterize to study the mechanical properties of carbide in the composition WC-6Co, WC-10Co, WC-20Co, WC-6Co-6Ni, WC-6Co-12Ni obtained by conventional powder metallurgy for application to rings of mechanical seals. These composites were obtained from a commercial composition of WC-6Co, and added cobalt and nickel to perform the mass balance. It was determined a procedure for obtaining the compositions, by calculation of balancing resulting in the amount of cobalt and nickel needed to transform a composite commercial 94WC-6Co in hard metals mentioned. After this procedure was added to 1.5% of lubricant, in a blender "Y". Analyzed in a scanning electron microscope the homogeneity of the compositions. It was determined the density, the compressibility curve and compress the samples carbide yielding green densities. We calculated the pre-sintering and determined the densities of pre-sintered parts, performed in compression test and it was obtained machining parameters in milling operation and drilling of the specimens pre-sintered. The sintering was performed at various times in the two resistive furnaces and atmospheres in three different control. Were determined fast corners and used sintering temperatures of 1360, 1400, 1420, and 1450 º C for various compositions of carbide. To analyze the efficiency of mixing was performed to test the samples sintered density, hardness, hardness, metallography, electron micrograph, EDS, linear and volumetric shrinkage and compression. After the characterization of materials was designed and manufactured tools of compaction, compacted, sintered and ground a ring of mechanical seal.
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Hashe, Nobom Gretta. "Characterization of WC-VC-Co and WC-VC-TiC-Co hardmetals." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/522.

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This thesis contains the results of a study focused on cubic carbide and carbonitride grain growth retardation in hardmetals. Large additions of VC, or VC and TiC, or (W,V)C were made to the WC-Co hardmetal, which was then sintered in vacuum or nitrogen. The effectiveness of Ti as the grain growth inhibitor, and the influence of nitrogen sintering on grain coarsening were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractrometry (XRD) and atom probe field ion microscope (APFIM). Analysis of vacuum-sintered WC-VC-Co revealed that the cubic carbide grains have a core-rim structure. Ti was found to be a core-rim inhibitor in vacuum-sintered WCVC- TiC-Co. The average cubic carbide grain size distribution for the vacuumsintered materials was narrowed in the Ti-containing hardmetal. The nitrogen-sintered WC-VC-TiC-Co consisted of two phases of cubic carbonitride, one with high Ti-content and the other with high (W,V)-content. The surface region of the nitrogen-sintered WC-VC-TiC-Co was covered with a cubic carbonitride phase. Similar phenomena was observed in nitrogen-sintered WC-VC-Co where two types of carbonitrides were found, those with high V-content and the others with low Vcontent. A gradient zone, consisting of fine WC grains in a Co-rich binder and free from cubic carbonitride grains, was created in the surface region. The nitrogensintered materials consisted of a narrow grain size distribution. The use of (W,V)C as a starting powder affected the mechanical properties of the material with the WC-(W,V)C-Co material being the hardest of those produced in this study. Addition of (W,V)C powder to WC-Co was shown to be the most effective way to limit the cubic carbide grain size during sintering and produce a hard material. The cubic carbide grain size in the material produced this way was the smallest of all studied.
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Lay, Dietrich-Sabine. "Approche microstructurale et comportement en fluage de materiaux wc et wc-co." Caen, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985CAEN2002.

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Rappel de resultats de metallographie quantitative et d'analyse fine permettant de considerer que des les premiers pourcents de liant, il existe un squelette continu de cobalt. Observations sur echantillons recuits a 1700 c puis deformes a 1450 c montrant que l'ensemble des mecanismes de deformation des carbures est gouverne par la montee des dislocations
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Gyllensvärd, Niklas. "WC-spolning med regnvatten." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21416.

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Idag spolar den stora majoriteten av alla invånare i Sverige med dricksvattnen itoaletten. Spolning med regnvatten i WC är något som på flera håll i världenanvänds flitigt främst i områden med någon slags vattenbrist. Men i Sverige harregnanvändande anläggningars popularitet inte riktigt slagit igenom ännu.Orsaken till detta kan härledas till flera faktorer. De viktigaste och de sompåverkar mest är; den goda tillgången och således låga priset på dricksvatten iSverige, samt begränsad konkurrens bland företag och återförsäljare vilket ger etthögt investeringspris på regnanvändande anläggningar för konsumenten.Fokus i detta examensarbete ligger på att göra en grundläggande analys avregnvatten och möjligheterna att genom en regnanvändande anläggning kunnaanvända regnvatten istället för dricksvatten för att spola i toaletten med.Tillvägagångssättet har varit att genom en studie av olika källor sammanställainformation relevant till ämnet regnvatten och regnvattenanvändning till WCspolning,följt av en analys och jämförelse av hur ekonomiskt hållbar enregnanvändande anläggning i ett standardhus beläget i Malmö är, i förhållande tillsamma standardhus med en traditionell dricksvattenförsörjning för WC-spolning.Resultatet av analysen visar tydligt att en regnvattenanvändande anläggning ifallet med standardhuset i dagsläget inte går att rättfärdiga ur ekonomisksynpunkt, men även att det finns möjlighet till en realistisk ekonomisk förtjänst iandra byggnader eller i framtiden.
The vast majority of the Swedish population today flushes their toilet withdrinking water. Flushing the toilet with rain water is used diligently on multiplelocations around the world, typically where there is a shortage of fresh water. InSweden though, the popularity of rain water harvesting has not yet beensuccessful. The cause of this can be deducted to several factors, where the mostimportant and the most influential are the abundant source, and therefore low cost,of fresh water in Sweden and the lack of competition among retailers, whichresults in a high investment cost of rain water harvesting equipment for theconsumer.The focal point of this Bachelor’s Degree project is to make a fundamentalanalysis of rain water and the possibilities of using rain water instead of drinkingwater for flushing the toilet. The procedure of the project has consisted of a studyof sources, a compilation of information relevant to rain water and the use of rainwater as flushing water in the toilet and an analysis of a calculated average housein Malmo, Sweden, and a comparison between a traditional toilet flushing systemand a rain water toilet flushing system of the same average house.The result of the analysis clearly shows that a rain water toilet flushing systemcan not be justified from a economical standpoint in the case of the average house,but also that there is a realistic chance of an economical profit in the future or ifused with other building types.
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Ahmadian-Najafabadi, Mehdi. "Sintering, microstructure and properties of WC-FeAl-B and WC-Ni3Al-B composite materials." Access electronically, 2005. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20061121.154813/index.html.

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BALBINO, Nádia Alves Nery. "Caracterização Microestrutural e Mecânica dos Metais Duros WC-Ni-Mo e WC-Ni-Cr." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNIFEI, 2016. http://repositorio.unifei.edu.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/537.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-26T18:05:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_balbino_2016.pdf: 3081874 bytes, checksum: 2c68a5cf39320264eb881c012a6c14e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07
Os metais duros são materiais compósitos metal-cerâmica que apresentam uma combinação única de elevada dureza e boa tenacidade à fratura, encontrando diversas aplicações de engenharia, tais como: ferramentas para usinagem, corte industrial, moldes, matrizes de conformação, indústrias de minério e de petróleo, componentes resistentes ao desgaste entre outras. O cobalto é o ligante mais utilizado na produção de metais duros convencionais, porém, fatores econômicos tem motivado a busca por novas alternativas visando à substituição total ou parcial do cobalto por outros elementos como fase ligante. O níquel, por pertencer ao mesmo grupo do cobalto e ter um preço mais baixo, se comparado ao cobalto, tem recebido grande atenção. Contudo, a substituição do cobalto pelo níquel resulta em uma diminuição da dureza e da resistência mecânica do metal duro resultante. Para superar essa deficiência, tem sido estudada a adição de elementos, como molibdênio e cromo, que promovam o endurecimento do níquel por solução sólida. O principal objetivo desse trabalho é a caracterização mecânica e microestrutural dos metais duros 90%WC-8%Ni-2%Mo₂C e WC-8%Ni-2%Cr₃C₂, produzidos pela metalurgia do pó convencional, onde os pós foram misturados por 80 horas e sinterizados a 1460ºC. Os pós de partida foram caracterizados pelas técnicas de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), difração de raios X (DRX) e distribuição granulométrica. As amostras sinterizadas foram caracterizadas por microscopia óptica (MO), MEV, espectroscopia de raios X por dispersão de energia (EDS), fração volumétrica da porosidade, densidade, ensaios de microdureza Vickers e cálculo da tenacidade à fratura. As amostras do metal duro 90%WC-8%Ni-2%Mo₂C obtiveram resultados superiores ao do metal duro WC-8%Ni-2%Cr₃C₂, com propriedades mecânicas comparáveis as dos metais duros convencionais WC-Co.
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Roulon, Zoé. "Effet du liant sur le frittage et la microstructure de carbures cémentés." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI061/document.

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Grâce à leurs excellentes propriétés de dureté et de résistance à l’usure, les carbures cémentés sont les meilleurs candidats pour la réalisation d’outillage de coupe. Elaborés par la métallurgie des poudres, ils sont majoritairement composés de carbure de tungstène, choisis pour ses propriétés de dureté et d’un liant métallique à haute ductilité, le plus souvent le cobalt. Néanmoins, l’utilisation du cobalt comme liant est remis en question depuis quelques années par la commission européenne REACH à cause de sa toxicité. En conséquence, des liants alternatifs tels que les alliages de Fe et Ni sont étudiés. Malgré les différents travaux menés, il subsiste un manque de compréhension fondamental sur l’effet spécifique du liant sur le frittage et le grossissement de grains des carbures cémentés. Le but de cette étude est la compréhension de l’effet de la composition du liant sur le frittage et le grossissement de grains. Dans cet objectif, différent liants WC-20vol%M (M=Fe, Ni or Co) et différent taux de carbone sont considérés. Le frittage et le grossissement de grains seront étudiés à l’aide de caractérisations macroscopiques et microstructurales, puis les résultats discutés en comparaison avec la littérature. Comme il a été déjà observé dans le cas d’alliages WC-Co, le retrait au cours du frittage survient plus tôt dans le cas d’alliages riches en W qu’en C, quelque soit le liant considéré. Concernant l’effet de la nature du liant, le frittage en phase solide est décalé vers les hautes températures pour WC-Fe en comparaison avec WC-Co et WC-Ni. Dans cette étude le retrait est directement corrélé avec la capacité d’étalement du liant dans la porosité, comme le confirme l’analyse de la microstructure. Quant au grossissement de grain, il est inhibé pour un faible ratio C/W, quelque soit la nature du liant. Néanmoins, pour un ratio C/W élevé, celui-ci augmente, ainsi que la tendance au grossissement anormal, en particulier dans le cas du liant nickel. Les mécanismes de grossissement de grains sont discutés en lien avec les observations structurales des interfaces
Thanks to their exceptional hardness and wear resistance, cemented carbides are the best candidates to make efficient cutting and drilling tools by the powder metallurgy route. Known as a very hard ceramic material, tungsten carbide is used as the major component of cemented carbides. A ductile metal binder is added as the matrix, which in most cases is cobalt. Nevertheless the use of cobalt as a binder is questioned by the new European regulation on chemicals (REACH). Therefore, new alternative binders are considered, especially Fe and Ni-alloys. Although a few studies exist for Fe-based and Ni-based WC cemented carbides, there is still a lack of fundamental understanding of the specific effect of the binder on sintering and grain growth. This work discusses the effect of binder composition on sintering and grain growth of cemented carbides. For this purpose, different binder compositions WC-20vol%M (M= Fe, Ni or Co) and different C/W ratio are considered. Sintering and grain growth behaviors are investigated using several macroscopic and microstructural characterizations, and results are discussed and compared to the literature. As already observed in previous works on WC-Co, shrinkage occurs earlier for W-rich than for C-rich alloys for the three binders. Regarding the influence of the binder nature, solid state sintering is delayed to higher temperature for WC-Fe in comparison to WC-Co and WC-Ni alloys. Shrinkage is directly related to the spreading efficiency of the binder into the porosity, as confirm by the microstructure analysis. Grain growth is inhibited for low C/W ratio whatever the binder nature. Nevertheless, for a high C/W ratio, grain growth is enhanced and the abnormal character of grain growth increases, especially in the case of a Ni binder. Grain growth mechanisms are discussed in relation with the observed structure of phase boundaries
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Hankey, S. E. "Cavitation erosion of WC-Co." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21135.

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Bibliography: pages 68-70.
An investigation involving the vibratory cavitation erosion of WC-Co alloys was undertaken in order to determine the mechanisms of material removal. Nineteen grades of WC-Co alloys were studied. These alloys had been previously characterised according to microstructural and mechanical properties. Further characterisation by way of Young's modulus and density of the materials was undertaken. An investigation of the i nfluence of various parameters on cavitation erosion established a binder content dependence on erosion. For two grain sizes, erosion was found to increase to a maximum at 12 vo1-% binder content (1.8 μm grain size) and 23 vol-% binder (2.8 μm grain size). The main mode of material removal was found to be cobalt removal followed by WC grain pull-out. In high binder content alloys, cobalt removal was predominant with little loss of WC grains. X-ray diffraction showed that the allotropic phase transformation of the binder under cavitational attack was beneficial to the erosion resistance of these alloys. The erosion of low binder content alloys was controlled by the contiguity of the WC skeleton. Maximum erosion occurred at binder contents which corresponded to the combination of a fragile WC skeleton and a small volume of available cobalt for strain induced transformation.
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Holmgren, Jonna. "Growth of TiN on WC surfaces." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kemi - Ångström, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-188243.

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The growth of TiN on cemented carbide, deposited by chemical vapour deposition (CVD), was studied. Today TiN is used as a seeding layer between the cemented carbide and the following layer. Previous experiments have shown that the coverage is uneven on the cemented carbide surface showing pits with a different growth than the main part of the surface. These pits most likely occur on some of the WC surfaces. Therefore the growth and orientation relation between the two phases were examined. Cemented carbide specimens were deposited with TiN under two different pressures and with different deposition time to give a layer as thick as the seeding layer used in the production and one about ten times thicker to study growth after the whole surface had been covered. Two pre-treatments where used on the specimens; one which were polishing with diamond and the other where the specimens were boiled in acid to remove the binder phase and expose the WC surfaces. The specimens were studied using XRD and a SEM equipped with EDS and EBSD detectors. The pictures taken with SEM showed that initial growth occurred at grain boundaries and polishing scratches. It also showed that growth occurred on all surfaces, which were confirmed by EDS. Both processes showed about the same appearance in the thinner layers but very different appearance in the thicker. This was confirmed by XRD were the thinner layers showed about the same result while the thicker ones differ from one another. Thus further growth is dependent on the parameters of the CVD process and not the surface beneath. EBSD showed an orientation relation between TiN and WC crystals in both processes. The process at lower pressure gave much finer grains which were difficult to index with EBSD, giving results in only three points. The process at higher pressure gave coarser grains which were more easily indexed. The relations WC{0001}-TiN{110}, giving WC{101̅0}-TiN{100}, and WC{0001}-TiN{111}, giving WC{101̅0}-TiN{211}, could be seen in more than one point. These results are consistent with previous studies of the growth of TiC on WC. This comparison between TiC and TiN makes it possible to draw the conclusion that also Ti(C,N) should behave the same. It also shows an orientation relation that is consistent no matter what WC plane is on the surface. The poor growth and the pits depend on the growth orientation of TiN on each specific WC surface.
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Andersson, Karin M. "Aqueous Processing of WC-Co Powders." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Chemistry, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3725.

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The object of this work is to obtain a fundamentalunderstanding of the principal issues concerning the handlingof an aqueous WC-Co powder suspension.

The WO3 surface layer on the oxidised tungsten carbidepowder dissolves at pH>3 with the tungsten concentrationincreasing linearly with time. Adding cobalt powder to thetungsten carbide suspension resulted in a significant reductionof the dissolution rate at pH<10. Electrokinetic studiesindicated that the reduced dissolution rate may be related tothe formation of surface complexes; the experiments showed thatCo species in solution adsorb on the oxidised tungsten carbidepowder.

The surface forces of oxidised tungsten and cobalt surfaceswere investigated using the atomic force microscope (AFM)colloidal probe technique. The interactions at various ionicstrengths and pH values are well described by DLVO theory. Theadsorption of cobalt ions to tungsten oxide surfaces resultedin an additional non-DLVO force and a reduced absolute value ofthe surface potential. It was shown that the adsorption ofpoly(ethylene imine) (PEI) to the WO3 surfaces induces anelectrosteric repulsion.

The properties of spray-dried WC-Co granules were related tothe WC primary particle size, and the poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG) binder and PEI dispersant content in aqueous WC-Cosuspensions. The granule characterisation includes a new methodfor measuring the density of single granules. The increase inthe fracture strength of granules produced from suspensionsthat were stabilised with PEI was related to a more densepacking of the WC-Co particles.

The AFM was used to study the friction and adhesion ofsingle spray-dried WC-Co granules containing various amounts ofPEG binder. The adhesion and friction force between two singlegranules (intergranular friction) and between a granule and ahard metal substrate (die-wall friction) have been determinedas a function of relative humidity. The granule-wall frictionincreases with binder content and relative humidity, whereasthe granule-granule friction is essentially independent of therelative humidity and substantially lower than the granule-wallfriction at all PEG contents.

Key words:Hard Metal, Cemented Carbide, WC-Co, TungstenCarbide, Cobalt, Oxidation, Dissolution, Surface Complexation,XPS, AFM, Colloidal Probe, Hamaker Constant, Cauchy, WO3,CoOOH, ESCA, Zeta-Potential, Surface Potential, Poly(ethyleneimine), PEI, Suspension, van der Waals, Steric, Spray-Dried,Poly(ethylene glycol), Strength, Density, Friction, Adhesion,Granule, PEG, Pressing, FFM.

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Books on the topic "WC"

1

WC book 2009. Paris: P. Petiot, 2008.

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Kutsal WC: Diyarbakır 5 Nolu zindanı. Beyoğlu, İstanbul: El yayınları, 2013.

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Bocarro, Robert Andrew. Water conserving WC design for developing countries. Uxbridge: Brunel University, 1987.

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1953-, Armstrong James Alan, ed. Nippur.: Kassite buildings in area WC-1. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993.

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Olsson, Eskil. Low volume WC-systems: A development project in India. Gävle, Sweden: National Swedish Institute for Building Research, 1988.

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Anderson, Andrew David. Microstructural study of nitrogen ion implanted WC/Co cemented carbide. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1989.

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Nathalie, Marx, ed. Pisser à Paris: Guide pratique et culturel des WC gratuits. Paris]: Éditions du Palio, 2012.

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Nugroho, Wisnu. Istana bla bla bla: Dari sedot wc sampai sayembara berburu kucing. Jakarta: Noura Books, 2014.

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Boogaart, Ronny. Een sprinter is een stoptrein zonder wc: De sturende kracht van taal. Amsterdam: AUP, 2015.

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Cohen, Martin. An IRAS-based search for new dusty late-type WC Wolf-Rayet stars. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "WC"

1

Fontananova, Enrica. "Sulfonated PEEK-WC (SPEEK-WC)." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1–3. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40872-4_862-1.

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Fontananova, Enrica. "Sulfonated PEEK-WC (SPEEK-WC)." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1847–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44324-8_862.

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Campbell, Tavis S., Jillian A. Johnson, Kristin A. Zernicke, Christopher Shaw, Kazuo Hara, Kazuo Hara, Susan Folkman, et al. "Waist Circumference (WC)." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 2037. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_1184.

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Campbell, Tavis S., Jillian A. Johnson, and Kristin A. Zernicke. "Waist Circumference (WC)." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 2323. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39903-0_1184.

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Lin, Chen Guang, and Guan Sen Yuan. "Measurement of WC Grain Size in Nanocrystalline WC-10Co Hardmetal." In Progress in Powder Metallurgy, 1205–8. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-419-7.1205.

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Schulz, Joachim. "Bäder, WC- und „Nassräume“." In Architektur der Bauschäden, 341–66. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-07424-1_9.

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Zijlstra, Albert A. "The Infrared [WC] Stars." In Post-AGB Objects as a Phase of Stellar Evolution, 157–61. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9688-6_24.

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Kurlov, Alexey S., and Aleksandr I. Gusev. "Hardmetals WC–Co Based on Nanocrystalline Powders of Tungsten Carbide WC." In Tungsten Carbides, 191–237. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00524-9_5.

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Hosokawa, Hiroyuki, Takeshi Nakajima, and Koji Shimojima. "Friction and Wear Behaviors of WC-Co/WC-Co Pairs in Air." In Progress in Powder Metallurgy, 1193–96. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-419-7.1193.

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Grosdidier, Y., A. Acker, A. F. J. Moffat, O. Chesneau, and T. Dimeo. "Turbulent Outflows from [WC] Nuclei." In Planetary Nebulae, 108. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5244-0_32.

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Conference papers on the topic "WC"

1

Sears, James W. "Laser additive manufacturing wc and wc forming alloys and powder blends." In ICALEO® 2009: 28th International Congress on Laser Materials Processing, Laser Microprocessing and Nanomanufacturing. Laser Institute of America, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.5061587.

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"Session WC: Wireless communications." In TELSIIKS 2009 - 2009 9th International Conference on Telecommunication in Modern Satellite, Cable, and Broadcasting Services. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/telsks.2009.5339389.

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Korobov, S., N. V. Lezhnin, A. V. Makarov, H. L. Alwan, V. I. Shumyakov, N. N. Soboleva, M. Antonov, and M. S. Deviatiarov. "The Cavitation Resistance of WC-10Co4Cr and WC-20CrC-7Ni HVAF Coatings." In ITSC2021, edited by F. Azarmi, X. Chen, J. Cizek, C. Cojocaru, B. Jodoin, H. Koivuluoto, Y. C. Lau, et al. ASM International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2021p0722.

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Abstract Two kinds of cermet powders, WC-10Co4Cr and WC-20CrC-7Ni, were deposited on 1040 steel via high velocity air fuel (HVAF) spraying to evaluate resistance in cavitation erosion conditions with additional electrochemical effects. Coating microstructure, phase composition, and microhardness were examined along with the topography of eroded surface layers. The cavitation resistance of the WC-20CrC-7Ni coating was found to be approximately 1.3 times greater than that of the other coating, which can be attributed to its finer grain structure, lower pore density, and the presence of high Cr and Ni content in the feedstock powder which serves to strengthen the matrix.
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Guo, Hongjian, Zhenyu Zhang, Bunv Liang, Jing Li, and Xiaojun Lin. "Investigation in Effect of Nano-WC powder on wear resistance of Fe/ WC coating." In 2nd International Conference on Electronic and Mechanical Engineering and Information Technology. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/emeit.2012.202.

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"Influence of WC content on the wear resistance of plasma sprayed WC/Ni60 coatings." In 2015 ASABE International Meeting. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20152183817.

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"Session WC I: Wireless Communications I." In TELSIKS 2011 - 2011 10th International Conference on Telecommunication in Modern Satellite, Cable and Broadcasting Services. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/telsks.2011.6143255.

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"Session WC II: Wireless Communications II." In TELSIKS 2011 - 2011 10th International Conference on Telecommunication in Modern Satellite, Cable and Broadcasting Services. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/telsks.2011.6143256.

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Xi–Chen, Yang, Zhen Tian–Xi, and Zhang Nai–Ken. "Laser cladding of WC-Co powder." In ICALEO® ‘90: Proceedings of the Laser Materials Processing Conference. Laser Institute of America, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.5058395.

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Taylor, Erik D., Klaus Niemeyer, and Christian Pietsch. "Generation of Overvoltages by Chop Current on Ag-WC and Cu-W/WC Contacts in Vacuum." In 2018 IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts. IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/holm.2018.8611691.

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Voyer, J., and B. R. Marple. "Thermal Spray Processing of WC-Co Nanomaterials." In ITSC 2000, edited by Christopher C. Berndt. ASM International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2000p0895.

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Abstract WC-Co based cermets are extensively used in wear applications due to their hardness and toughness. Recent work has demonstrated the potential for using nanoscale constituents to improve the wear properties of these materials. In the present study, two WC-Co powders containing a nanosized WC phase were used to produce coatings by HVOF thermal spraying. These powders had similar properties except for the volume percent binder present: WC-8C0 and WC-12Co. The thermal spraying conditions were varied in order to identify their effect on the microstructure, properties and phase composition of the sprayed coatings. The as-sprayed coatings possess porosity values ranging between 1% and 2% and microhardness values (HV100) from 1150 to 1550, which are quite similar to values obtained for conventionally sized WC-based coatings. For all the coatings, phase analysis indicated significant degradation of the WC phase to produce W2C, W, CO3W3C and Co6W3C. For some spray conditions, even WO3 phase was found in the coatings. The JP-5000 HVOF system produces coatings with lower porosity, similar microhardness values and, more importantly, with lower WC degradation than the coatings produced with the DJ-2700.
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Reports on the topic "WC"

1

Sears, M. B., J. M. Giaquinto, W. H. Griest, R. T. Pack, T. Ross, and R. L. Schenley. Sampling and analysis of inactive radioactive waste tanks W-17, W-18, WC-5, WC-6, WC-8, and WC-11 through WC-14 at ORNL. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/207660.

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Autrey, J. W., J. M. Keller, W. H. Griest, J. L. Botts, R. L. Schenley, and M. A. Sipe. Sampling and analysis of the inactive waste tanks TH-2, WC-1, and WC-15. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5623356.

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Swab, Jeffrey J., Justin Pritchett, Andrew A. Wereszczak, and Osama M. Jadaan. Microstructure and Properties of WC Spheres. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada494005.

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Autrey, J. W., J. M. Keller, W. H. Griest, J. L. Botts, R. L. Schenley, and M. A. Sipe. Sampling and analysis of the inactive waste tanks TH-2, WC-1, and WC-15. Environmental Restoration Program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10135427.

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Knudson, Marcus D., William Dodd Reinhart, Tracy John Vogler, and Seth Root. High-pressure shock behavior of WC and Ta2O5 powders. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1030356.

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Bloom, G. A., A. J. Lucero, L. J. Koran, and E. N. Turner. PCB extraction from ORNL tank WC-14 using a unique solvent. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/114030.

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7

Completion report for the isolation and remediation of inactive liquid low-level radioactive waste tanks WC-5, WC-6, WC-8, WC-19, 3002-A, 7560, and 7562 at Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/555257.

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Action memorandum for the Waste Area Grouping 1 Tank WC-14 removal action at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/661492.

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Completion report for the isolation and remediation of inactive liquid low-level radioactive waste tanks LA-104, WC-7, and 4501-P at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/434852.

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