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Francisco, Caroline L., André M. Castilhos, Daiane C. Marques da Silva, Fabiola Martinez da Silva, Aline S. Aranha, Amanna G. Jacaúna, and Andre M. Jorge. "PSV-24 Use of the entry time and exit velocity as tools for the assessment of water buffalo temperament." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (November 3, 2020): 219–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.405.
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Abstract The use of the entry time, chute score, and exit velocity as tools for the assessment water buffaloes (WB) temperament were used. Seventy-five non-castrated WB (390±32 days of age; 310±61.27 kg of initial body weight) of 3 genetic groups (GG:Jafarabadi, Mediterranean, and Murrah; n = 25 for each GG) were used. The WB arrived at research center (-28d) and were submitted to 28 days of adaptation period to the feedlot facilities, diet, and handling. On day 0, the temperament variables were collected, namely: entry time into squeeze chute (by chronometer); chute score (5-point scale:1=calm animals; 5=very reactive animals); and, exit velocity (by infrared sensors). Subsequently, blood samples were collected from the jugular vein and analyzed for serum levels of cortisol using radioimmunoassay technique; and, rectal temperature was recorded. The individual temperament score (TSc) was calculated averaging entry time score (5-point scale:1=greater time spent, and 5=less time spent), chute score, and exit velocity score (5-point scale:1=lower speed; 5=higher speed). Data were subjected to a stepwise discriminant analysis (SDA) using the STEPDISC procedure in SAS. The value of P < 0.01 was stipulated to consider and include the variable in the model. The respective data of the selected variables were submitted to multivariate analysis of variance using the GLM procedure in SAS. The GG were added to the model to test the possible effect. Correlation analysis was performed using CORR procedure in SAS. The SDA used three steps and selected only the entry time and exit velocity scores (Table 1). Positive correlations were verified between the TSc and cortisol (r=0.37; P = 0.02), and TSc and rectal temperature (r=0.36; P < 0.01). In conclusion, the entry time and exit velocity may be tools for the assessment of water buffalo temperament and their use should be tested in animals of different categories. Supported by FAPESP (#2018/25939-1; #2014/05473-7).
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Spicer, R. D. "Color atlas of pediatric surgery. 2nd ed. P S. Leibert. 310 × 260 mm. Pp. 343. Illustrated. 1996. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: WB. Saunders Company. £162." British Journal of Surgery 84, no. 3 (March 1997): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800840357.
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Marpaung, Abdullah, and Andara Paramaputri. "UV-visible light spectra of Clitoria ternatea L. flower extract during aqueous extraction and storage." International Food Research Journal 30, no. 3 (June 21, 2023): 764–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/ifrj.30.3.18.
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Spectrophotometry is a widespread method to observe anthocyanin content, colour quality, and chemical change of an anthocyanin-source extract. The spectrogram may vary due to the extraction method, and may also change over time. The present work studied the spectrophotometric varieties of butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L.) extract using the cell wall disruption method (mortar-pestle: MP; freezing-thawing: FT; 6 min steam blanching: SB; and 6 min hot water blanching: WB) and aqueous extraction temperature (30, 45, and 60°C) for 210 min. The absorbance was monitored every 30 min. The UV-vis light absorbance shift of the extract during storage at 30°C (E30) and 50°C (E50) was also evaluated. Both SB and WB resulted in extracts with a similar spectrogram and effectively suppressed the brown colour development (browning index: 0.27 ± 0.02 and 0.3 ± 0.01, respectively). The cell wall disruption method did not affect the total anthocyanin. Therefore, the blanching process before extraction was appropriate. The most effective extraction parameter yielding the highest anthocyanin and phenolic substances were 60°C for 30 min. The E50 and E30 performed differently during storage. They showed different colour degradation patterns. For the bathochromic shift, the absorbance increased at 265 nm (phenolic substances), and that at 310 nm (acyl groups) occurred in E50. These three unique characteristics might indicate the event of intermolecular co-pigmentation between or among anthocyanin molecules that led to higher anthocyanin stability at 50°C (t0.5 24.78 days) than at 30°C (t0.5 14.28 days).
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Latifoltojar, Arash, Mark K. J. Duncan, Maria Klusmann, Harbir Sidhu, Alan Bainbridge, Deena Neriman, Francesco Fraioli, Jonathan Lambert, Kirit M. Ardeshna, and Shonit Punwani. "Whole Body 3.0 T Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Lymphomas: Comparison of Different Sequence Combinations for Staging Hodgkin’s and Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphomas." Journal of Personalized Medicine 10, no. 4 (December 16, 2020): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm10040284.
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To investigate the diagnostic value of different whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) protocols for staging Hodgkin and diffuse-large B-cell lymphomas (HL and DLBCL), twenty-two patients (M/F 12/10, median age 32, range 22–87, HL/DLBCL 14/8) underwent baseline WB-MRI and 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) fused with computed tomography (CT) scan 18F-FDG-PET-CT. The 3.0 T WB-MRI was performed using pre-contrast modified Dixon (mDixon), T2-weighted turbo-spin-echo (TSE), diffusion-weighted-imaging (DWI), dynamic-contrast-enhanced (DCE) liver/spleen, contrast-enhanced (CE) lung MRI and CE whole-body mDixon. WB-MRI scans were divided into: (1) “WB-MRI DWI+IP”: whole-body DWI + in-phase mDixon (2) “WB-MRI T2-TSE”: whole-body T2-TSE (3) “WB-MRI Post-C”: whole-body CE mDixon + DCE liver/spleen and CE lung mDixon (4) “WB-MRI All “: the entire protocol. Two radiologists evaluated WB-MRIs at random, independently and then in consensus. Two nuclear-medicine-physicians reviewed 18F-FDG PET-CT in consensus. An enhanced-reference-standard (ERS) was derived using all available baseline and follow-up imaging. The sensitivity and specificity of WB-MRI protocols for nodal and extra-nodal staging was derived against the ERS. Agreement between the WB-MRI protocols and the ERS for overall staging was assessed using kappa statistic. For consensus WB-MRI, the sensitivity and specificity for nodal staging were 75%, 98% for WB-MRI DWI+IP, 76%, 98% for WB-MRI Post-C, 83%, 99% for WB-MRI T2-TSE and 87%, 100% for WB-MRI All. The sensitivity and specificity for extra-nodal staging were 67% 100% for WB-MRI DWI+IP, 89%, 100% for WB-MRI Post-C, 89%, 100% for WB-MRI T2-TSE and 100%, 100% for the WB-MRI All. The consensus WB-MRI All read had perfect agreement with the ERS for overall staging [kappa = 1.00 (95% CI: 1.00-1.00)]. The best diagnostic performance is achieved combining all available WB-MRI sequences.
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Chen, Ying, Duanwei He, Jiaqian Qin, Zili Kou, Shanmin Wang, and Jianghua Wang. "Ultrahigh-pressure densification of nanocrystalline WB ceramics." Journal of Materials Research 25, no. 4 (April 2010): 637–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2010.0082.
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Phase-pure nanostructured WB ceramics are hot pressed at ultrahigh pressures of 1.0 to 3.0 GPa and high temperatures of 700 to 1000 °C (UHPHT) for 60 min. The UHPHT samples are nanograin size from 15 to 40 nm. Our experimental observation shows that ultrahigh pressure could improve densification, and the density of WB samples could reach 99.4% of theoretical. The comparative experiments carried out at ambient pressure and temperatures of 550 to 1100 °C for 60 min indicate that the external pressure was favorable for phase-pure and highly dense WB formation. In addition, the UHPHT samples give a high hardness value of 28.9 ± 0.8 GPa.
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Ono, Tsuneo. "Long-term trends of oxygen concentration in the waters in bank and shelves of the Southern Japan Sea." Journal of Oceanography 77, no. 4 (March 15, 2021): 659–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10872-021-00599-1.
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AbstractWhile multiple studies have investigated oxygen decrease in Japan Sea Proper Water (JSPW; > 300 m in depth), oxygen variation in continental slope and shelf waters (< 300 m) must also be investigated in order to assess its socioecological impacts. In this study, historical oxygen data in the waters of three continental shelves and a bank of Japan Sea, off-Awashima area (AW), Wakasa Bay (WB), East of Tsushima Straight (ETS), and Yamato Bank (YB), were collected and analyzed to assess temporal variation of oxygen in each region from 1960 to 2000s. Significant decreasing trends of oxygen were detected in the waters below 150 m depth in WB and YB, and below 300 m in AW, in the summer season. In winter, a decreasing trend of oxygen was detected throughout the water column from 300 m to the sea surface in WB and YB. In ETS, a deoxygenation trend was detected throughout the water column from the bottom to the sea surface in the summer season, while no trend was detected in winter. The results suggested that oxygen decreases in AW, WB, and YB were the consequence of the upward propagation of the deoxygenation signal from JSPW, while that of ETS was caused by horizontal propagation of deoxygenation signal from the East China Sea. Assuming that the observed trend will continue in future, it is predicted that part of the water in Tsushima Strait area will reach the general sublethal threshold of oxygen (134 μmol kg−1) by the end of this century.
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Bobrovskij, Igor, Alexander Khaimovich, Nikolaj Bobrovskij, and Aleksander D’yakonov. "Determination of Wide Burnishing Energy-Force Parameters based on Constructing the Kinematically Admissible Velocity Field." Metals 10, no. 1 (December 25, 2019): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10010046.
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Processing technology using productive surface plastic deformation (SPD) was developed and is known as “wide burnishing” (WB). The mechanics of new WB technology differs from classic SPD technologies (rolling or burnishing). For example, force, applied during burnishing, is equal to 150–300 N, but for WB it is equal to 2500–5000 N due to implementing this process in mass production, characterized with limited processing time (3–4 turns of the work piece). WB also has a high degree of deformation due to a multiple deformation passes. An analytical study of burnishing with the upper bound approach method energy-force parameters was carried out. Its results were compared with the results of finite elements analysis in Deform 2D and with experimental data. Field of reasonable burnishing parameters, assuring minimum surface roughness, was determined experimentally.
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Gonzalez, E. T., G. A. Oliva, J. Norimine, V. Cid de la Paz, and M. G. Echeverría. "Evaluation of western blotting for the diagnosis of enzootic bovine leukemia." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 51, no. 4 (August 1999): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-09351999000400002.
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A western blotting (WB) procedure has been developed for detecting antibodies to bovine leukosis virus (BLV) in cattle sera. Two hundred and thirty three serum samples from naturally infected cattle with BLV virus and serial bleedings from experimentally BLV infected cows were used. An agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGID) was used for comparing with the results obtained by WB. The AGID positive sera showed a different degree of reactivity by WB test against the two most important viral antigens (gp51 and p24), or against one of them. Other proteins (gp30, p15, p12 and p10) were not detected with any AGID positive sera, being observed occasionally three bands corresponding to the p24 protein. Using sera obtained by BLV experimental inoculation, the antibodies directed to p24 appeared early (between the 2nd and 4th week post inoculation) and thereafter antibodies to gp51were detected in some animals. The analysis of field serum samples by AGID as compared to WB showed an agreement of 90.9%. Only 1.7% of sera were negative by AGID and positive by WB and 7.2% that were not conclusive by AGID and were defined by WB (4.2% as positive and 3.0% as negative).
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Zhai, Xi Wei, Fu Rong Chen, Rui Ling Jia, and Xiao Dong Wang. "Corrosion Behavior of Twin-Wire Metal Inert Gas Arc Welds in 7A52 Al Alloy Plate." Advanced Materials Research 314-316 (August 2011): 918–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.314-316.918.
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Abstract. 7A52 aluminum alloy plate was welded using twin-wire metal inert gas arc welding (TANDEM welding). Corrosion behavior of the welded joint was investigated by immersion in 3.5% NaCl solution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical inspections, specifically, polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), were conducted to understand corrosion behavior of the TANDEM welding joint of 7A52 aluminum alloy. It was found that the heat affected zone (HAZ) exhibited higher corrosion susceptibility than the weld beam (WB), fusion zone (FZ) and base metal (BM). The electrochemical results showed that the WB with higher corrosion potential and larger impedance had highest corrosion resistance. Variations in the composition and grain size might have led to the differences in corrosion resistance because the welding process influenced microstructures of the TANDEM welding joint of 7A52 aluminum.
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Takemoto, Naoki, Junya Yoshitani, Yoshitomo Saiki, Hitoaki Numata, and Koshi Nambu. "Effect of Postoperative Non-Weight-Bearing in Trochanteric Fracture of the Femur: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using Propensity Score Matching." Geriatric Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation 14 (February 27, 2023): 215145932311609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21514593231160916.
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Introduction The effects of postoperative early weight-bearing (WB) on walking ability, muscle mass, and sarcopenia have been investigated. Postoperative WB restriction is also reportedly associated with pneumonia and prolonged hospitalization; however, its effect on surgical failures has not been studied. This study aimed to assess whether WB restriction after surgery for trochanteric fracture of the femur (TFF) is useful in preventing surgical failure, considering the unstable fracture type, quality of intraoperative reduction, and tip-apex distance. Patients and Methods This retrospective analysis included 301 patients admitted to a single institution between January 2010 and December 2021, diagnosed with TFF, and who underwent femoral nail surgery. Eight patients were excluded, and finally 293 patients were included in the study. Propensity score (PS) matching yielded 123 cases; 41 patients in the non-WB (NWB) group and 82 patients in the WB group were included in the final analysis. The primary outcome was surgical failure (cutout, nonunion, osteonecrosis, and implant failure). The secondary outcomes were medical complications (pneumonia, urinary tract infection, stroke, and heart failure), change in walking ability, period of hospitalization, and sliding distance of the lag screw. Results Five surgical complications occurred in the NWB group and two in the WB group, with significantly more surgical complications in the NWB group ( P = .041). Cutout occurred in two cases, each in the NWB and WB groups. Two cases of nonunion and one case of implant failure occurred in the NWB group, but not in the WB group. Osteonecrosis did not occur in both groups. The secondary outcomes were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions The results of this retrospective cohort study using a PS matching approach showed that WB restriction after TFF surgery could not decrease the incidence of surgical failures.
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Hlosrichok, Anirut, and Ratchaneewan Aunpad. "Antioxidant potential of gamma ray irradiated winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) seed protein hydrolysate." Functional Foods in Health and Disease 13, no. 4 (April 18, 2023): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v13i4.1090.
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Background: Winged bean or Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (WB) seeds have high protein content and could be applied as a source of antioxidant proteins and peptides. The utilization of gamma rays in plant protein extraction provides consumers with a safe and harmless technology.Objective: To determine the efficiency of gamma rays in the protein extraction process of WB seeds and investigate the antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity, cytoprotective effect of the gamma ray irradiated WB (WB-G) seed protein hydrolysate.Methods: WB seeds were irradiated with gamma ray (WB-G) and total protein were extracted by acid-base extraction method. The total protein was further hydrolyzed with alcalase enzyme to obtain the protein hydrolysate. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH and ABTS assay. The cytotoxicity and cytoprotective effect were determined by MTT assay. The cellular reactive oxygen species was further analyzed by ACFDA assay.Results: The protein extracted from WB-G seeds showed higher protein yield and antioxidant activity than that of non-irradiated seeds. After hydrolysis with alcalase enzyme at 55°C for 6 hours, WB-G protein hydrolysate with degree of hydrolysis of 90.00±0.91% exhibited strong antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 10.30±0.02 µg/ml and 3.10±0.06 µg/ml as measured by DPPH and ABTS assay, respectively. Moreover, it showed no toxicity toward L929 mouse fibroblast cells and IPEC-J2 cell lines and can reduce the damage caused by H2O2. As determined in cellular reactive oxygen species by H2-DCFDA assay, the WB-G protein hydrolysate can reduce the level of ROS and subsequently the damage of cell by H2O2. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that gamma ray irradiation on the WB seeds can increase the protein yield and its protein hydrolysate exhibited promising antioxidant activity and cytoprotective effect on cells against H2O2 damage. It might be developed as an alternative food or feed supplement.Keywords:Psophocarpus tetragonolobus; Gamma rays; Protein hydrolysate; Antioxidant activity; Cytoprotective effect
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Gök, Emek, and Yücel Makaracı. "THE INFLUENCE OF COMPETITIVE LEVEL ON THE SPORTS SPECIFIC PERFORMANCES OF WHEELCHAIR BASKETBALL PLAYERS." Kinesiologia Slovenica 28, no. 3 (November 20, 2022): 117–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.28.3.117-135.
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The main purpose of the present study is to evaluate the physical characteristics and field test performances of wheelchair basketball (WB) players according to the competitive level (CL). The second goal was to compare the results of physical characteristics and field test performances of WB athletes with different functional classification (FC) scores. Seventy-five (70 males- 5 females) proffesional WB athletes took part in this study. The athletes were divided into two CL: Elite (Super and First League)- Sub-elite (Second and Third League) categories. Players are also grouped into two FC categories: Category A (classes from 1.0 to 2.5)- Category B (classes from 3.0 to 4.5). Players underwent anthropometric measurements, bilateral grip strenght and took field tests in separated sessions. Field tests were evaluated with 20-meter sprint, slalom without the ball, slalom with the ball, zone shot, lay up, passing accuracy, and shuttle run test. Between group differences and correlations were computed to assess the study hypotheses. Statistical differences were observed when the bilateral grip strength and field test performances of WB athletes were examined according to the CL and FC categories. The sitting height and FC score were found to be the indicators that best expressed the field test performances. It has been determined that the field performance in WB differs according to the CL. Besides; since the hand wrist area is intensively used in many movements in WB, a common measurement such as grip strength should be evaluated as a performance criterion in WB athletes.
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Santos, Felipe Araujo, Cláudio Lucas Santos Catão, Júlia Pereira Martins, Uzamôr Henrique Soares Pessoa, Isabelle Vasconcelos Sousa, Jean Silva Melo, Gláucia Lima Souza, et al. "Performance of immunological assays for universal and differential diagnosis of HTLV-1/2 infection in candidates for blood donations from the Brazilian Amazon." PLOS ONE 19, no. 7 (July 5, 2024): e0298710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0298710.
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The present study compares the ability of distinct immunological assays (chemiluminescence immunoassay-CLIA, western blot-WB and flow cytometry-FC-Simplex and Duplex) to detect anti-HTLV (human T-lymphotropic virus) antibodies in candidates for blood donations at the Amazonas State Blood Center (Brazil) between January 2018 and December 2022. Overall, 257,942 samples from candidates for blood donations were screened using CLIA, which led to 0.15% seropositivity for HTLV (409 samples). A total of 151 candidates for blood donations were enrolled for retesting with CLIA followed by additional testing using WB and FC-Simplex and Duplex analysis. Our results demonstrated that 62% (93/151), 20% (30/151) and 17% (26/151) of the samples presented positive results with retesting using CLIA, WB and FC-Simplex analysis, respectively. Additional analysis of the CLIA, WB and FC-Simplex results revealed an overall agreement of 56% for CLIA and WB (22 co-negative; 30 co-positive samples), 48% for CLIA and FC-Simplex (21 co-negative; 24 co-positive samples) and 80% for WB and FC-Simplex (51 co-negative; 23 co-positive samples). Considering the WB as the reference standard for the diagnosis of infection with HTLV-1/2, we observed that the CLIA results of ≤3.0 RLU and >10.0 RLU in the retest can be used define a negative or positive result, respectively, and could be used as new specific cut-off values. The overall agreement between WB and FC-Duplex for accomplishing the differential diagnosis was evaluated and demonstrated 100% correspondence for the diagnosis of HTLV-1 (15/15) and HTLV-2 (7/7). Our findings demonstrate that gaps in the diagnosis of infection with HTLV-1/2 could be overcome by the simultaneous use of distinct immunological assays during retesting of candidates for blood donations.
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Frodel, John L. "Rhinoplasty, by Fernando Ortiz-Monasterio. 301 pages with illustrations. WB Saunders Co., Philadelphia, 1994. $125.00." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 114, no. 6 (June 1996): 844A—845. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-59989670126-2.
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Kim, Edward Jae-hoon, Danielle C. Chinn, Thomas John Semrad, and Philip C. Mack. "Aurora kinase A inhibition in combination with proapoptotic BH3-mimetic for treatment of pancreatic cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, no. 3_suppl (January 20, 2015): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.33.3_suppl.316.
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316 Background: BH3-mimetics were designed to inhibit the anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family of proteins. BH3-mimetics in clinical development do not inhibit the Bcl-2 protein Mcl1, which is often active in pancreatic cancer. However, Mcl1 level can be decreased by mitotic arrest. Therefore, drugs that cause mitotic arrest may augment apoptosis induced by BH3-mimetics. Aurora Kinase A (AKA), also commonly overexpressed in pancreatic cancer, regulates mitotic spindle assembly and centrosome maturation and its inhibition leads to M-phase arrest. We hypothesized that inhibiting AKA would increase sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to BH3-mimetic-induced apoptosis. Methods: Pancreatic cancer cell lines (AsPC-1, PANC-1, MIA PaCa-2, HPAF-II) were evaluated for AKA protein expression by Western blot (WB). Baseline cell cycle distribution was evaluated by flow cytometry. All four cell lines were treated with a BH3-mimetic (ABT-263) alone, an AKA inhibitor (MLN8237) alone, or the combination in comparison to untreated controls. Cell viability was measured using the Celltiter-Fluor assay. Apoptosis was evaluated by WB for cleaved PARP and caspase 3. Percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis was quantitated using flow cytometry of annexin V and propidium iodide stained cells. Results: AKA expression varied between cell lines but correlated with percentage of cells in G2/M. Level of AKA expression did not appear to correlate with response to MLN8237. However, MLN8237 did induce mitotic arrest resulting in an increase in the G2/M fraction. Cell viability assays revealed limited sensitivity to MLN8237 or ABT-263 alone. MIA PaCa-2 cells were the most sensitive to MLN8237 with IC50 ~0.09µM and HPAF-II cells were the most sensitive to ABT-263 with IC50 0.6µM. MLN8237 lowered the IC50of ABT-263 in all 4 cell lines. Chou-Talalay plots exhibited a combination index < 1 in each cell line, confirming synergy. WB for cleaved PARP and caspase 3 showed increased apoptosis with the combination. The percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis also increased with the combination in each cell line. Conclusions: Inhibition of AKA synergistically augments BH3-mimetic-induced apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells.
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Rico, Daniel, Adriana Villaverde, Cristina Martinez-Villaluenga, Angel L. Gutierrez, Pedro Antonio Caballero, Felicidad Ronda, Elena Peñas, Juana Frias, and Ana Belen Martin Diana. "Application of Autoclave Treatment for Development of a Natural Wheat Bran Antioxidant Ingredient." Foods 9, no. 6 (June 12, 2020): 781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9060781.
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The study evaluated the effect of autoclaving as a hydrothermal treatment on the quality and bioactivity of wheat bran (WB) with the objective of producing a natural ingredient with enhanced healthy properties. Nutritional, antioxidant, techno-functional and sensorial parameters were studied, and temperatures of 100, 115 and 130 °C were explored. Of these, 130 °C was found to be the best treatment, resulting in an ingredient with high storage stability, antioxidant properties, a four-fold increase in the concentration of free ferulic acid (compared with non-treated WB), and increased content of apigenin-6-C-arabinoside-8-C-hexoside, a flavonoid with reported antioxidant and antifungal properties. On the other hand, the autoclave treatment enhanced water absorption capacity and reduced WB pasting viscosity, mainly at higher temperature (130 °C), which would allow incorporation of the treated WB in liquid matrices such as juices, soups or milkshakes, among others. Although the glycemic index (GI) of the autoclaved samples increased, the use of intermediate particle size of 106 to 300 µm could contribute to the reduction of the glycemic load.
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Mančić, Stojan, Bojana Danilović, Marko Malićanin, Sandra Stamenković Stojanović, Nada Nikolić, Miodrag Lazić, and Ivana Karabegović. "Fermentative Potential of Native Yeast Candida famata for Prokupac Grape Must Fermentation." Agriculture 11, no. 4 (April 16, 2021): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11040358.
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The fermentative potential of native Candida famata isolates from wild and cultivated blackberries was evaluated for potential application in Prokupac grape must fermentation. 5 isolates, out of a total 22 isolated yeasts, were identified as C. famata. After the initial screening of fermentative performances, microfermentation was performed in a sterile grape must. Produced samples were analyzed using the HPLC technique. All isolates showed an ability to grow at lower temperatures, good tolerance to 7% ethanol and 300 ppm of SO2. C. famata isolates WB-1, WB-2 and W-5 had similar fermentation performance, but WB-1 isolate was chosen for validation at a laboratory-scale level according to a pleasant, fruity aroma, highest fermentative vigor and power, good organic acid profile and the highest level of ethanol and glycerol produced in micro-vinification experiments. Good enological performance of selected C. famata WB-1 isolate is confirmed by higher level of glycerol, lower level of ethanol and acetic acid in wine samples produced in pure and sequential fermentation, when compared to the control sample. Throughout the selection of C. famata yeasts with good enological potential, this work gives a contribution in the area of precision enology, aiming to find a perfect match between non-exploited yeasts and “autochthonous” grape cultivar Prokupac.
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Grigoriev, Sergey N., N. M. Bobrovskij, P. A. Melnikov, I. N. Bobrovskij, and Tadeusz Zaborowski. "Research of Tool Durability in Surface Plastic Deformation by Wide Burnishing of Cast Iron without Metalworking Fluids." Key Engineering Materials 746 (July 2017): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.746.120.
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The hyper productive surface plastic deformation processing technology called as wide burnishing (WB) was developed in Russian Federation. The mechanics of new WB technology is different from the classic SPD technologies (rolling or burnishing). For example applied force during processing of burnishing is 150-300 N, of WB is 2500-5000 N due to condition of process implementation in mass production with limited processing time (3-4 turnovers of workpiece). WB also has a high degree of deformation due to a multiple deformation passes. The purpose of the study was to determine the durability of a burnishing tool with the working surface made of the hard alloy with different dispersion. During the durability tests were tested VK6 alloy with the chemical composition of WC-94%, Co-6%, grain size of 2.1...3.4 micron (hardness HRA 88.5) and similar in chemical composition fine-grained hard alloy H10F (WC-90%, Co-10%) produced by Sandvik-MKTS with grain size of 0.5...0.9 micron (hardness HRA 92.1). Processing was conducted without lubricoolants. The acquired data presents that the roughness exceeds the tolerance during the processing by tool made of H10F alloy later than by tool made of VK6 alloy. At the same time increase of durability is from 60% to 80%.
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Vuksan, Vladimir, Alexandra L. Jenkins, Alexander L. Rogovik, Christopher D. Fairgrieve, Elena Jovanovski, and Lawrence A. Leiter. "Viscosity rather than quantity of dietary fibre predicts cholesterol-lowering effect in healthy individuals." British Journal of Nutrition 106, no. 9 (May 31, 2011): 1349–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114511001711.
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The well-documented lipid-lowering effects of fibre may be related to its viscosity, a phenomenon that has been understudied, especially when fibre is given against the background of a typical North American (NA) diet. In this three-arm experiment, we compared the lipid-lowering effect of low-viscosity wheat bran (WB), medium-viscosity psyllium (PSY) and a high-viscosity viscous fibre blend (VFB), as part of a fibre intervention aimed at increasing fibre intake to recommended levels within the context of a NA diet in apparently healthy individuals. Using a randomised cross-over design, twenty-three participants (twelve males and eleven females; age 35 (sd 12) years; LDL-cholesterol (C) 2·9 (sem 0·6) mmol/l) consuming a typical NA diet received a standard, fibre-enriched cereal, where approximately one-third of the fibre was either a low-viscosity (570 centipoise (cP)) WB, medium-viscosity (14 300 cP) PSY or a high-viscosity (136 300 cP) novel VFB, for 3 weeks separated by washout periods of ≥ 2 weeks. There were no differences among the treatments in the amount of food consumed, total dietary fibre intake, reported physical activity and body weight. Final intake of the WB, PSY and VFB was 10·8, 9·0 and 5·1 g, respectively. Reduction in LDL-C was greater with the VFB compared with the medium-viscosity PSY ( − 12·6 (sem 3·5) %, P = 0·002) and low-viscosity WB ( − 14·6 (sem 4·2) %, P = 0·003). The magnitude of LDL-C reduction showed a positive association with fibre apparent viscosity (r − 0·41, P = 0·001). Despite the smaller quantity consumed, the high-viscosity fibre lowered LDL-C to a greater extent than lower-viscosity fibres. These data support the inclusion of high-viscosity fibre in the diet to reduce plasma lipids among apparently healthy individuals consuming a typical NA diet.
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STONE, S. "Atlas of Common Pain SyndromesBy Steven D. Waldman. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders, 2002, 311 pages, $87.95 (hardcover)." Academic Emergency Medicine 11, no. 4 (April 2004): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1069-6563(03)00805-4.
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Hori, Tetsuji, Keisuke Matsumoto, Masakazu Ikeda, Rika Moriyama-Ebina, Yukiko Sakaitani-Kado, and Masami Morotomi. "Comparison of the Water-Holding Capacity of Wheat Bran Products Prepared by Wet and Dry Smashing Methods in vitro and Effect on the Gastrointestinal Retention Time in Rats in vivo." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 70, no. 4 (July 1, 2000): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831.70.4.178.
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Microfibril wheat bran (MFW) prepared by wet smashing of wheat bran using a colloidal mill has the advantages of being more palatable than other wheat bran and easier to apply to various foods. In this study, we investigated water-holding capacity (WHC) and physiological effects of a novel food material, MFW, focusing on shortening of the retention time of the gastrointestinal contents compared to those of dry smashing of wheat bran (DWB) prepared by conventional method, and wheat bran (WB), which is the raw materials. The mean particle size of MFW was 35mum, and WHC was 5.1 g/g. In contrast, those of DWB were 61 mum and 3.0 g/g, respectively. Those of WB were 420 mum and 5.0 g/g, respectively. The WHC of MFW was 1.7 times greater than that of DWB and comparable to that of WB. The dietary fiber content in MFW, DWB, and WB were 73.5, 66.9 and 70.2%, respectively. Six-week-old Fisher rats were divided into three groups, and fed for 20 days with AIN-76 chow supplemented with MFW, DWB, or WB to a dietary fiber content of 10%. On days 14–16 of the experimental period, the mean retention time (MRT) of gastrointestinal content and fecal weight were measured using solid phase and liquid phase markers. On day 20 of the experimental period, animals were killed, and the water content, pH, composition of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the cecal content and total amounts of SCFAs in the cecum were investigated. MRT in the MFW group was 15.2 ± 0.8 h in the solid phase, which was significantly shorter than that in the DWB group (18.0 ± 0.9 h) (p < 0.05), and comparable to that in the WB (15.5 ± 2.4 h). MRT in the liquid phase was almost the same as that in the solid phase: 14.7 ± 1.0, 18.4 ± 0.8, and 16.0 ± 2.5 h in the MFW, DWB, and WB groups, respectively. The fecal weight, pH, the concentration of SCFA in the cecal content and total amounts of SCFAs in the cecum did not differ among the groups, but the cecal water content was in the order of MFW > WB > DWB, showing a significant difference between each group (p > 0.05). The above finding suggested that MFW is a novel food material with a greater WHC and the ability of shortening the retention time of the gastrointestinal contents compared to DWB.
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Barateau, L., R. Lopez, S. Chenini, A. Rassu, S. Scholz, M. Lotierzo, J. Cristol, I. Jaussent, and Y. Dauvilliers. "0750 Nocturnal Sleep Stability and Cerebrospinal Fluid Orexin-A Levels: Sleep and Wake Bouts." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.746.
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Abstract Introduction The orexin (ORX)/hypocretin system stabilizes sleep-wake regulation by sustaining long periods of wakefulness in humans and animals. We aimed to evaluate the relationships between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ORX levels and markers of nocturnal sleep stability assessed by polysomnography (PSG) in humans. Methods Nocturnal PSG data and CSF ORX levels of 300 drug-free subjects (55% men, 29.9±15.5 years old, mean ORX levels 155.1±153.7 pg/mL) with a complaint of hypersomnolence were collected in the National Reference Center for Narcolepsy, France. Several markers of nocturnal sleep stability were analyzed: wake (WB), sleep bouts (SB), and sleep/wake transitions. Groups were categorized according to ORX levels: two categories (≤110, >110 pg/mL, the current established threshold of ORX-deficiency), and tertiles (≤26,]26;254], >254 pg/mL); and were compared using logistic regression models. Results were adjusted for age, gender and body mass index. Results ORX-deficient subjects had more WB, SB, and sleep-wake transitions than the others. The WB duration was longer and the SB duration shorter in ORX-deficient category. The proportion of the shortest WB (30 sec) was lower in the ORX-deficient category whereas the proportion of WB above 1 min 30 sec was higher. The proportion of SB ≤ 14min was higher among ORX-deficient patients, with opposite results for longer SB. Subsequent analyses performed in the population categorized according to tertiles of CSF ORX-A confirmed all these findings, with a strong dose-response effect of ORX levels in post-hoc comparisons. All results remained highly significant in adjusted statistical models. Conclusion This study provides a strong evidence of the direct effect of ORX on nocturnal sleep stabilization in humans. WB and SB are reliable markers of nighttime sleep stability, strongly correlated to CSF ORX-A levels in a dose dependent way. These PSG biomarkers are promising to be applied in clinical and research settings. Support none
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Villacieros, Jorge, Javier Pérez-Tejero, Guadalupe Garrido, Lena Grams, África López-Illescas, and Amelia Ferro. "Relationship between Sprint Velocity and Peak Moment at Shoulder and Elbow in Elite Wheelchair Basketball Players." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19 (September 24, 2020): 6989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17196989.
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Specific wheelchair basketball (WB) skills on the court have been poorly analyzed in relation to improving players’ performance according to their functional class. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the associations between maximum velocity (Vmax) and peak moment (PM) in the shoulder and elbow joints in specific WB skills and to compare performance between the main two groups by functional class. Twelve male WB players, divided in categories A (functional classes 1.0–2.5) and B (class 3.0–4.5), performed a sprint test battery composed by four tests (with and without ball) and isokinetic tests. A significant relationship between PM of the internal and external shoulder rotation and the flexion and extension elbow with Vmax (p < 0.05) was found. During a 5 m backward sprint test, category B was faster in the last three meters than category A (p < 0.05) and also for the rest of the test but p = NS. Category B showed higher PM than category A for internal shoulder rotation (ISR) at 60 °/s and at 180 °/s on the dominant side (DS) (p < 0.05). In conclusion, ISR on the DS was found different for both groups and showed significant relationship with Vmax in all of the tests performed. Moreover, at higher speeds the elbow flexion and extension in DS were correlated with Vmax in all the actions with ball (passing, bouncing, and braking) reflected the importance of these joints movements in acquiring speed when performing sport specific WB skills.
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Grigoriev, Sergey N., N. M. Bobrovskij, I. N. Bobrovskij, and Cho-Pei Jiang. "Technological Parameters Forming the Surface Texture in Hyper Productive Surface Plastic Deformation Processing." Key Engineering Materials 746 (July 2017): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.746.114.
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The hyper productive surface plastic deformation processing technology called as wide burnishing (WB) was developed in Russian Federation. The mechanics of new WB technology is different from the classic SPD technologies (rolling or burnishing). For example applied force during processing of burnishing is 150-300 N, of WB is 2500-5000 N due to condition of process implementation in mass production with limited processing time (3-4 turnovers of workpiece). WB also has a high degree of deformation due to a multiple deformation passes. To determine the optimal WB processing parameters single and double instrumental devices were implemented and tested. Specimens made of steel 40 and high-strength cast iron 75-50-03 were tested. Initial roughness of steel 40 specimen’s surface was Ra = 0.5 microns and high-strength cast iron was Ra = 0.85 microns. Results of surface texture parameters of processed parts such as surface roughness Ra of steel 40 and high-strength cast iron 75-50-03 under varying load values P and number of cycles (the number of workpieces revolutions during the period of burnishing) were acquired. It was established that the minimum Ra value of the processed surface correspond with values of P = 210 N/mm2 for steel 40 and P = 410 N/mm2 for high-strength cast iron 75-50-03 regardless of number of burnishing cycles. Plastic deformation mechanism (processing time and pressure on the surface) influences on the processed surface roughness formation. It is possible to assume that straining state forms at the optimal values of P in terms of achieving a minimum value of Ra in which the reached degree of hardening allows to minimize the height of the microscopic irregularities of the previous grinding processing. In this case there is no plastic flow of the metal surface layer.
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Kastono, Dody, Priyono Suryanto, Rohlan Rogomulyo, Suci Handayani, Supriyanta Supriyanta, Muhammad Habib Widyawan, and Taufan Alam. "Differences in Biochar Sources for Controlled Nitrogen Loss in a Hybrid Maize Agroforestry System with Melaleuca cajuputi." Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences 54, no. 1 (February 2, 2022): 220109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.1.9.
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Biochar is used to improve soil fertility and control nitrogen loss in soil. This study aimed to evaluate the difference between biochar sources, namely Melaleuca cajuputi waste and rice husk, for controlled nitrogen loss in hybrid maize planted between Melaleuca cajuputi stands. A split-plot design with three replications was used. The main plot was composed of biochar sources (BS), i.e., without biochar application (WB), Melaleuca cajuputi biochar (MCB), and rice husk biochar (RHB). The subplot was the urea fertilizer dosage, i.e., 0, 150, 300, and 450 kg/ha. The observation parameters were nitrate reductase activity (NRA), total chlorophyll (TC), leaf photosynthesis rate (LPR), nitrogen loss (NL), nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and seed yield per hectare (SY). The data were analyzed with ANCOVA and LS-means. The results showed that there was no significant difference between mixing MCB or RHB in UF for all hybrid maize parameters, whereas significant differences were observed with WB. The NL values of MCB and RHB were 13.85 and 13.08 kg/ha N, i.e., NL was significantly reduced by 70.90% and 72.51%, and the percentage of SY increased by 28.60% and 37.94% compared to WB, respectively.
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Maisont, S., W. Samutsri, A. Sansomboon, and P. Limsuwan. "Drying edible jellyfish (Lobonema smithii) using a parabolic greenhouse solar dryer." Food Research 6, no. 6 (December 18, 2022): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.6(6).883.
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Thailand is one of Southeast Asia’s top exporters of salted edible jellyfish. Jellyfish products are generally exported in the form of semi-dried jellyfish. A recent survey on jellyfish distribution in coastal areas in the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Sea indicated that most edible jellyfish in the area belong to Lobonema smithii and Rhopilema hispidum. Drying is an alternative method to preserve food products. In this work, parabolic roof shape greenhouse solar drying of edible jellyfish (Lobonema smithii) was studied, and the quality of the dried jellyfish was assessed. The solar dryer system has a 300 kg loading capacity for jellyfish and the resulting dried and rehydrated jellyfish products are described. The moisture content of dried jellyfish decreased to 7.05-11.70% (wb) from 91-92% (wb) after drying for three days and the protein, fat, crude fibre, ash, and carbohydrate content of the dried jellyfish were 68.68%, 0.74%, 0.43%, 9.27%, and 4.67%, respectively. The moisture of the rehydrated jellyfish increased to 37.67-39.07% (wb) after soaking in distilled water for 5 hrs. In terms of colour, the rehydrated jellyfish products were found to be highly similar to salted jellyfish products.
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Pilolla, Kari D., Jessie Armendariz, Boe M. Burrus, David S. Baston, Karli A. McCarthy, and Taylor K. Bloedon. "Effects of Wild Blueberries on Fat Oxidation Rates in Aerobically Trained Males." Nutrients 15, no. 6 (March 9, 2023): 1339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15061339.
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Wild blueberries (WBs) have been documented to decrease oxidative stress in active and sedentary populations as well as influence lipolytic enzymes and increase the rate of fat oxidation (FAT-ox) during rest. To examine the effect of WBs on the rate of FAT-ox and lipid peroxidation during submaximal exercise, 11 healthy, aerobically trained males (26 ± 7.5 years, 74.9 ± 7.54 kg, 10.5 ± 3.2% BF) completed a 2-week washout avoiding foods high in anthocyanins, then completed a control exercise protocol cycling at 65% of VO2peak for 40 min. Participants then consumed 375 g/d of anthocyanins for two weeks before repeating the exercise protocol. WBs increased FAT-ox when cycling at 65% of VO2peak by 19.7% at 20, 43.2% at 30, and 31.1% at 40 min, and carbohydrate oxidation (CHO-ox) decreased by 10.1% at 20, 19.2% at 30, and 14.8% at 40 min of cycling at 65% of VO2peak. Lactate was lower with WBs at 20 (WB: 2.6 ± 1.0, C: 3.0 ± 1.1), 30 (WB: 2.2 ± 0.9, C: 2.9 ± 1.0), and 40 min (WB: 1.9 ± 0.8, C: 2.5 ± 0.9). Results indicate that WBs may increase the rate of FAT-ox during moderate-intensity activity in healthy, active males.
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Stone, S. "Atlas of Common Pain Syndromes: By Steven D. Waldman. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders, 2002, 311 pages, $87.95 (hardcover)." Academic Emergency Medicine 11, no. 4 (April 1, 2004): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1197/j.aem.2003.12.011.
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Wolever, Thomas, Alexandra Jenkins, Jonathan Clinthorne, and Colette Heimowitz. "Equivalent Glycemic Load (EGL) of Atkins Chocolate Peanut Butter Bar and Atkins Chocolate Ready-to-Drink Shake in People With Type 2 Diabetes." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac057.025.
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Abstract Objectives It is difficult to estimate the glycemic impact of low-carbohydrate (low-CHO) foods from the information in the Nutrition Facts Table. We developed equivalent glycemic load (EGL) to quantify the glycemic impact of low-CHO foods in people without diabetes. The current objective was to determine the feasibility and safety of measuring EGL in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods Overnight fasted adults with T2D treated by diet or oral agents and A1c < 8.1% consumed 1 serving of Atkins Chocolate Peanut Butter Bar (CPB) or Atkins Milk Chocolate Shake (MCS) or 45 g white bread (WB) in random order on 3 separate days. CPB/MCS, respectively, contained 150/160 kcal, 14/9 g fat, 16/15 g protein, 23/5 g CHO and 12/3 g fiber. We took finger-stick blood fasting and every 30 min for 3 h after starting to eat. Serum glucose was measured by glucometer (analytic CV = 8.6%) and by the Vitros Chemistry System (Vitros, CV = 1.6%). In each subject F/(WB/Cwb) was calculated where F = incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for the food, WB = iAUC after WB and Cwb = 20.8 (the amount of CHO in WB). EGL = mean F/(WB/Cwb), after excluding values >2 SD from the mean. Results We screened 18 subjects; 4 were ineligible (A1c >8.0%), 14 were enrolled and 2 dropped out. The remaining 12 subjects (5 males, 7 females; aged 43–75 (mean ± SD, 63 ± 11) yr; BMI 23.0–56.0 (35.2 ± 9.0) kg/m²) completed in the study. By Vitros, the EGLs (mean [95% confidence interval] for CPB, 4.1 [2.0, 6.2] g (n = 11), and MCD, 3.8 [1.6, 6.0] g (n = 11) were similar to those by glucometer CPB, 5.8 [2.5, 9.1] g (n = 12) and MCD, 3.0 [0.8, 5.2] g (n = 11). There were no episodes of hypoglycemia during the study. Loose stools were experienced by 1 subject after CPB and by a different subject after MCS, events considered to be possibly related to the study products. Conclusions The results suggest it is feasible and safe to measure EGL in people with T2D not taking insulin. Funding Sources Simply Good Foods USA, Inc.
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Jiang, Xi, Zhen Zhang, Zhao Liu, Jing Wang, and Ying Liu. "Ultralow thermal conductivity and anharmonic rattling in two-dimensional WB4 monolayer." Applied Physics Letters 120, no. 13 (March 28, 2022): 132202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0087244.
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Two-dimensional (2D) WB4 monolayer is a typical graphene analog with high electrical conductivity and structural stability. Yet, its thermal transport properties are not available. By using first-principles calculations and iteratively solving the linearized Boltzmann transport equation, we predict an ultralow in-plane lattice thermal conductivity ([Formula: see text]) of 0.28 W/m K at T = 300 K. Such an ultralow [Formula: see text] is attributed to WB4 monolayer's predominantly large phonon scattering rates and flat acoustic phonon dispersion caused by strong anharmonicity. By analyzing the vibrational patterns and bonding environment, we confirm the origin of the strong anharmonicity to be tungsten atom rattling inside the framework of two boron sheets. Such a mechanism fulfills the concept of phonon glass-electron crystal, making the WB4 monolayer an outstanding 2D thermoelectric material. The rich formation mechanism, including multiple interactions in the WB4 monolayer, provides us inspiration for searching for materials with ultralow [Formula: see text].
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Ballard, Clive, John O'Brien, Ian James, Pat Mynt, Marisa Lana, Dawn Potkins, Katharina Reichelt, Lesley Lee, Alan Swann, and Jane Fossey. "Quality of Life for People With Dementia Living in Residential and Nursing Home Care: The Impact of Performance on Activities of Daily Living, Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms, Language Skills, and Psychotropic Drugs." International Psychogeriatrics 13, no. 1 (March 2001): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610201007499.
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Many people with dementia reside in care facilities. Little is known about how key parameters impact upon their quality of life (QOL). All 209 people with dementia in six facilities received a standardized assessment (Neuropsychiatric Inventory [NPI], Barthel Scale, psychotropic drugs). One hundred twelve residents were assessed using Dementia Care Mapping, an observational method for QOL indices. Lower performance on activities of daily living (reduced well-being [WB] r = +0.39, p < .0001; social withdrawal [SW] r = +0.42, p < .0001; engagement in activities [EA] r = +0.31, p = .001) and taking psychotropics (WB 2.5 vs. 3.2, t = .2.3, p = .02; SW 11.4% vs. 2.7%, t = 3.0, p = .004; EA 56.5% vs. 71.9%; t = 3.5, p = .001) were associated with reduced QOL, but symptoms from the NPI were not. More focused prescribing of psychotropics and better staff training are essential.
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Grigoriev, Sergey N., N. M. Bobrovskij, I. N. Bobrovskij, Aleksey A. Lukyanov, and Abdumalik Rakhimovich Seitkulov. "Testing of External Cylindrical Surfaces of Car Parts after Wide Burnishing Processing." Key Engineering Materials 746 (July 2017): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.746.126.
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The hyper productive surface plastic deformation processing technology called as wide burnishing (WB) was developed in Russian Federation. The mechanics of new WB technology is different from the classic SPD technologies (rolling or burnishing). For example applied force during processing of burnishing is 150-300 N, of WB is 2500-5000 N due to condition of process implementation in mass production with limited processing time (3-4 turnovers of workpiece). WB also has a high degree of deformation due to a multiple deformation passes. The requirement to develop the methodology for testing “Gland neck parts of the car LADA processed by various methods” was caused by the fact that the previously carried out bench tests do not reproduce the real surface of necks shafts working in pair with lip seals. As well there was no methodology for measuring the value of the gland neck wear and the maximum value of the wear grooves was defined of 1.0 mm. Specimens reproducing gland neck in two of the most critical parts were tested: flange of cardan shaft mounting to the drive shaft of the gear box made of steel 40 and crankshaft made of high-strength cast iron 75-50-03 of LADA car. Test results of specimens made of steel 40 presented the surface roughness parameter Ra = 0.06 microns after burnishing and Ra = 0.28 microns after polishing. The test results were measured on profilograph and were obtained the following data: the width of the grooves wear was 936 microns with burnishing and 1152 microns with polishing, depth was 2.16 and 4.94 microns respectively. Size of cross-sectional area of specimen’s groove wear with burnishing - 1090 um2, with polishing - 2848 um2.
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MORALES, Olga Lucía, Myriam Consuelo LÓPEZ, Rubén Santiago NICHOLLS, and Carlos AGUDELO. "Identification of toxocara canis antigens by Western blot in experimentally infected rabbits." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 44, no. 4 (July 2002): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652002000400006.
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Toxocariasis is a frequent helminthiasis that can cause visceral and ocular damage in humans specially in children. The identification of specific antigens of Toxocara canis is important in order to develop better diagnostic techniques. Ten rabbits were infected orally with a dose of 5000 Toxocara canis embryonated eggs. Rabbits were bled periodically and an ELISA assay was performed to determine levels of specific Toxocara IgG antibodies. ELISA detected antibodies at day 15 after infection. Western blot (WB) assay was performed using excretory/secretory antigens (E/S) of T. canis second stage larvae. Different antigen concentrations were evaluated: 150, 200, 250 and 300 µg/mL. The concentration of 250 µg/mL was retained for analysis. Rabbit sera were diluted 1:100. Secondary antibody was used at a dilution of 1:1000. Results of WB indicated that in the first month after infection specific antibodies against the 200 KDa, 116 KDa, 92 KDa and 35 KDa antigens were detected; antibodies against the 92 KDa, 80 KDa, 66 KDa, 45 KDa, 31 KDa and 28 KDa antigens appeared later. All positive sera in the ELISA test were also positive in WB. Two antigen bands, 92 KDa and 35 KDa, were identified since the beginning and throughout the course of infection. These antigens merit further evaluation as candidates for use in diagnosis.
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Li, Manrong, Toshio Shimada, J. Glenn Morris, Alexander Sulakvelidze, and Shanmuga Sozhamannan. "Evidence for the Emergence of Non-O1 and Non-O139 Vibrio cholerae Strains with Pathogenic Potential by Exchange of O-Antigen Biosynthesis Regions." Infection and Immunity 70, no. 5 (May 2002): 2441–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.70.5.2441-2453.2002.
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ABSTRACT The novel epidemic strain Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal originated from a seventh-pandemic O1 El Tor strain by antigenic shift resulting from homologous recombination-mediated exchange of O-antigen biosynthesis (wb*) clusters. Conservation of the genetic organization of wb* regions seen in other serogroups raised the possibility of the existence of pathogenic non-O1 and non-O139 V. cholerae strains that emerged by similar events. To test this hypothesis, 300 V. cholerae isolates of non-O1 and non-O139 serogroups were screened for the presence of virulence genes and an epidemic genetic background by DNA dot blotting, IS1004 fingerprinting, and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. We found four non-O1 strains (serogroups O27, O37, O53, and O65) with an O1 genetic backbone suggesting exchange of wb* clusters. DNA sequence analysis of the O37 wb* region revealed that a novel ∼23.4-kb gene cluster had replaced all but the ∼4.2-kb right junction of the 22-kb O1 wbe region. In sharp contrast to the backbones, the virulence regions of the four strains were quite heterogeneous; the O53 and O65 strains had the El Tor vibrio pathogenicity island (VPI) cluster, the O37 strain had the classical VPI cluster, and the O27 strain had a novel VPI cluster. Two of the four strains carried CTXφ; the O27 strain possessed a CTXφ with a recently reported immune specificity (rstR-4** allele) and a novel ctxB allele, and the O37 strain had an El Tor CTXφ (rstRET allele) and novel ctxAB alleles. Although the O53 and O65 strains lacked the ctxAB genes, they carried a pre-CTXφ (i.e., rstRcla ). Identification of non-O1 and non-O139 serogroups with pathogenic potential in epidemic genetic backgrounds means that attention should be paid to possible future epidemics caused by these serogroups and to the need for new, rapid vaccine development strategies.
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Xu, Hongmei, Jean-François Léon, Cathy Liousse, Benjamin Guinot, Véronique Yoboué, Aristide Barthélémy Akpo, Jacques Adon, et al. "Personal exposure to PM<sub>2.5</sub> emitted from typical anthropogenic sources in southern West Africa: chemical characteristics and associated health risks." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 10 (May 20, 2019): 6637–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6637-2019.
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Abstract. Urbanization is an issue that is strongly emerging in southern West Africa (sWA). There is a lack of full understanding on chemical compositions and personal exposure levels to fine particulate matter (hereafter defined as PE PM2.5) and its health risks related to various anthropogenic sources in this region. In this study, PE PM2.5 was studied in dry (January) and wet (July) seasons of 2016 for the first time to characterize the contributions of a domestic fire site (DF) to the exposure of women and a waste burning site (WB) to that of students in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, and a motorcycle traffic site (MT) to that of drivers in Cotonou, Benin. The average PE PM2.5 mass concentrations were 331.7±190.7, 356.9±71.9 and 242.8±67.6 µg m−3 at DF, WB and MT sites for women, students and drivers, which were 2.4, 10.3 and 6.4 times the ambient PM2.5 concentrations, respectively. Elevated PE PM2.5 levels in the dry season were found at DF (358.8±100.5 µg m−3), WB (494.3±15.8 µg m−3) and MT (335.1±72.1 µg m−3) sites, on average 15 % higher than that at DF and 55 % higher at both WB and MT sites in the wet season. The seasonal variations were attributed to emission sources, meteorological factors and personal activities. In addition, the results show that geological material (35.8 %, 46.0 % and 42.4 %) and organic matter (34.1 %, 23.3 % and 24.9 %) were the major components of PE PM2.5 at DF, WB and MT sites. It is worth noting that the contribution of heavy metals was higher at WB (1.0 %) than at DF (0.7 %) and MT (0.4 %) sites, strongly influenced by waste burning emission. This results in the highest non-cancer risks of heavy metals to students, 5.1 and 4.8 times the values for women and drivers, respectively. By conducting organic speciation, fingerprints were used to access the exposure and identify the source contributions from typical local anthropogenic sources. The women's exposure concentration to particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at DF (77.4±47.9 ng m−3) was 1.6 and 2.1 times, respectively, that of students at WB (49.9±30.7 ng m−3) and of drivers at MT (37.0±7.4 ng m−3). This can be associated with the higher contributions from solid fuels' burning and meat grilling activities to women, resulting in a level 5 times in exceedance of the cancer risk safety threshold (1×10-6). Phthalate esters (PAEs), commonly used as plasticizers in products, were in high levels in the student exposure PM2.5 samples (1380.4±335.2 ng m−3), owing to obvious waste burning activities nearby. The drivers' exposures to fossil fuel combustion markers of hopanes in PE PM2.5 at MT (50.9±7.9 ng m−3) was 3.0–3.3 times those for women at DF (17.1±6.4 ng m−3) and students at WB (15.6±6.1 ng m−3). Overall, the current study shows that wood combustion, waste burning, fugitive dust and motor vehicle emissions were the dominant sources of PE PM2.5 and mainly contributed to its toxicities. The exposure to the heavy metals Pb and Mn caused high non-cancer risks to students at WB, while the severe cancer risk of PAHs was found for women at DF via inhalation. The result of this study provides original data, initial perspective of PM2.5 personal exposure and health risk assessment in the developing areas. The information encourages the governments to improve the air quality and living standards of residents in this region.
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Berruyer, Micheline, Soumaya El Rouby, Seta Durbin, Patrick Ffrench, Philippe Galland, and Philippe Leitienne. "The Use of the Point of Care in Evaluating the Anticoagulation Effect of Low Molecular Weight Heparin Nadroparin during Hemodialysis." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 4008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.4008.4008.
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Abstract Anticoagulation in hemodialysis is targeted to prevent the activation of coagulation during the procedure. Although unfractionated heparin (UFH) is the anticoagulant commonly used, recent studies suggested the safety and efficacy of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) and possibly the most cost-effective anticoagulation for hemodialysis. The activated clotting time is usually used to monitor UFH while the chromogenic anti-Xa is the standard monitoring test for LMWH. The anti-Xa is not readily available; a bedside test may be helpful to ensure optimal anticoagulation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of a whole blood (WB) point of care (POC) test, HEMONOX™ (HEMOCHRON Signature+) in measuring the anticoagulation effect of Nadroparin (FRAXIPARINE®, Sanofi, France) in normal blood samples spiked with different concentrations of Nadroparin and in clinical samples from patients during hemodialysis. Following IRB approval, Nadroparin was administered to the patients (n=11) at 56 IU/Kg 3–4 min before dialysis as a single bolus dose injected into the arterial needle pre-dialysis. Blood samples were obtained at baseline, 15 min and 2 hrs post bolus and at the end of the hemodialysis for performing the following POC tests: HEMONOX, low range activated clotting time (ACT-LR) and WB-activated partial thromboplastin time (WB-aPTT). Plasma samples were separated from each blood draw for the determination of the laboratory plasma based aPTT test (Lab-aPTT, Biomerieux France) and the anti-Xa assay (STAGO, France). In vitro analyses were performed by adding Nadroparin at increasing concentrations to fresh WB from 4 healthy donors. These samples were tested for clotting time using WB-aPTT, ACT-LR and HEMONOX. All WB-POC tests showed a linear dose response to Nadroparin in concentrations of 0–2.5 IU/ml and the overall clotting time results suggest variable levels of sensitivity to Nadroparin. The HEMONOX assay showed more sensitivity to the Nadroparin concentration with increases of 2–6 fold from baseline at LMWH levels of 1 and 1.5 IU/ml blood, compared to 1.2–1.5 and 1.5–3.0 fold for the ACT-LR and the WB-aPTT respectively. The clinical data confirmed these results and also correlated well to the anti-Xa activity levels. HEMONOX values obtained at baseline time (72–109 seconds) corresponded to undetectable anti-Xa. HEMONOX peak values obtained at 15 min post bolus, corresponded to therapeutic anti-Xa level but patients showed variable response to Nadroparin. HEMONOX clotting time (CT) at peak response suggested 3 patient subgroups with different levels of sensitivity to Nadroparin: low (range: CT 92–98 seconds and anti-Xa 0.56–1.0 U/ml), intermediate (range: CT 123–160 seconds and anti-Xa 0.90–1.37 U/ml) and high responders (range: CT 319–870 seconds and anti-Xa 1.2–1.30 U/ml). The HEMONOX test was the most sensitive indicator of Nadroparin anticoagulation when compared to POCT ACT-LR and WB-aPTT coagulation tests. The HEMONOX method showed a good correlation to the Lab-aPTT (r= 0.86, n= 36) and both methods yielded comparable correlation coefficient to anti-Xa (r= 0.71, n= 27). The results from this pilot study suggest that the WB-POC test HEMONOX is sensitive to the anticoagulant effect of Nadroparin during hemodialysis. More studies are needed to confirm the significance of these findings.
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Ahmed, Rasheed, Yuzhong Li, Lili Mao, Chunying Xu, Wei Lin, Shakeel Ahmed, and Waseem Ahmed. "Biochar Effects on Mineral Nitrogen Leaching, Moisture Content, and Evapotranspiration after 15N Urea Fertilization for Vegetable Crop." Agronomy 9, no. 6 (June 21, 2019): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9060331.
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Globally, mineral nitrogen (N) losses as nitrate leaching (NL) are a substantial portion of applied fertilizer and cause surface and sub-surface water contamination. To precisely measure NL and its interlink parameters, biochar soil amendment was tested in this study. Three treatments—biochar (BC), without biochar (WB) with 15N urea (300 kg/ha), and control (no fertilization)—were tested in soil-filled lysimeters (circular PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) tank of 30 cm diameter and 35 cm height) equipped with moisture content sensors and weighing assembly for the consecutive two cropping of Brassica Camprestis Var. Chinensis. The 15N-urea in the first season and the poultry manure in the second season were applied, but the fate of the 15N was examined in leachate, dry matter, and soil. As compared to WB, BC significantly decreased mineral N leaching, including nitrate levels (35%), increased electrical conductivity (68.5%), and water availability (20% inches per foot), while there was a non-significant increase in biomass per plant (2.84%), evapotranspiration (8.33%), dry matter (6.89%), and a decrease in mean leachate volume (7.63%). Moreover, BC accumulated values were higher than WB, as N uptake (38%), water use efficiency (12.24%), maximum fresh weight (11.4%), and soil N retained (185%) after cropping. The soil pH, the bulk density, and the total nitrogen were changed but presented non-significant differences. Therefore, biochar can increase soil N retention and available water to improve water use efficiency and decrease potential N leaching.
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Antúnez, Steven, Nadia Fuentes, Marco Gutierrez, Fernando Carcelén, Fritz Trillo, Sofía López, Sandra Bezada, Virginia Rivadeneira, Samuel Pizarro, and Jimny Nuñez. "Effect of Different Levels of Extruded Coffee (Coffea arabica) Pulp Flour on the Productive Performance and Intestinal Morphometry of Cobb 500 Broiler Chickens." Animals 14, no. 8 (April 13, 2024): 1170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14081170.
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Coffee pulp is a by-product of the coffee industry. Due to conventional management techniques, it represents a severe environmental problem due to its negative impact on the soil (anaerobic fermentation and pH changes), water sources (the infiltration of pollutants into streams, acidification of water sources, and modification of microorganisms), and biodiversity (soil microbiology, fish, crustaceans, and other vertebrates). Therefore, it is essential to develop protocols for the treatment of this waste so that it can be used again in other productive activities under the circular economy approach. This means that all the waste from a production process can be reused, can generate value for the benefit of the producer, and, in turn, mitigate the environmental impact. The objective of this study was to evaluate the replacement of 5 levels of wheat bran (WB) with extruded coffee pulp flour (ECPF) as an alternative to a conventional fiber source in broiler finisher diets. A total of 300 Cobb 500 chickens in the finishing phase were assessed in the study, grouped in 5 treatments: T1, a conventional diet or control treatment (100% WB and 0% ECPF), T2 (75% WB and 25% ECPF), T3 (50% WB and 50% ECPF), T4 (25% WB and 75% ECPF), and T5 (0% WB and 100% ECPF). Feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and intestinal morphometry (villus length: VL, villus width: VW, crypt depth: CD, villus height/crypt depth ratio: V/C, and villus surface area: VSA) were evaluated at the level of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Feed intake decreased correspondingly as the ECPF in the diet was increased, with statistical differences (p < 0.01) between their averages; the most significant weight gain (834.61 g) was evidenced with the T2 treatment, this being statistically different (p < 0.01) from T4 and T5; similarly, the best FCR (1.58) was evidenced with the T2 treatment, followed by the control treatment T1 (with 1.64); however, they were not statistically different (p > 0.05). All treatment results were similar to the VL control samples in the three intestinal portions, except for the T5 in the jejunum, which showed statistical differences from the control. In VW, the treatment results were similar to the control samples of the jejunum and ileum; however, in the duodenum, the T5 results showed the highest value (172.18 μm), being statistically different (p < 0.05) from the other treatments being evaluated. For CD, it was only in the duodenum that the T2 and T3 treatments were similar to the control. Likewise, for V/C in the duodenum, only the T2 results were similar to the control. There was no significant difference in the VSA among the different treatment groups. T2 showed better production parameters without altering the intestinal villi. In conclusion, ECPF is a potential input for use to replace up to 25% of WB in the feed of broilers in the finishing phase.
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Fauchet, Floris, Jean-Marc Treluyer, Pierre Frange, Saik Urien, Frantz Foissac, Naim Bouazza, Sihem Benaboud, Stephane Blanche, and Déborah Hirt. "Population Pharmacokinetics Study of Recommended Zidovudine Doses in HIV-1-Infected Children." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 57, no. 10 (July 22, 2013): 4801–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00911-13.
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ABSTRACTThe aims of this study were to describe the pharmacokinetics of zidovudine (ZDV) and its biotransformation to its metabolite, 3*-azido-3*-deoxy-5*-glucuronylthymidine (G-ZDV), in HIV-infected children, to identify factors that influence the pharmacokinetics of ZDV, and to compare and evaluate the doses recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). ZDV concentrations in 782 samples and G-ZDV concentrations in 554 samples from 247 children ranging in age from 0.5 to 18 years were retrospectively measured. A population pharmacokinetic model was developed with NONMEM software (version 6.2), and the pharmacokinetics of ZDV were best described by a one-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination. The effect of body weight on the apparent elimination clearance and volume of distribution was significant. The mean population parameter estimates were as follows: absorption rate, 2.86 h−1; apparent elimination clearance, 89.7 liters · h−1(between-subject variability, 0.701 liters · h−1); apparent volume of distribution, 229 liters (between-subject variability, 0.807 liters); metabolic formation rate constant, 12.6 h−1(between-subject variability, 0.352 h−1); and elimination rate constant of G-ZDV, 2.27 h−1. On the basis of simulations with FDA and WHO dosing recommendations, the probabilities of observing efficient exposures (doses resulting in exposures of between 3 and 5 mg/liter · h) with less adverse events (doses resulting in exposures below 8.4 mg/liter · h) were higher when the FDA recommendations than when the WHO recommendations were followed. In order to improve the FDA recommendations, ZDV doses should be reconsidered for the weight band (WB) of 20 to 40 kg. The most appropriate doses should be decreased from 9 to 8 mg/kg of body weight twice a day (BID) for the WB from 20 to 29.9 kg and from 300 to 250 mg BID for the WB from 30 to 39.9 kg. The highest dose, 300 mg BID, should be started from body weights of 40 kg.
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Guo, Dongdong, Quanshun Yu, Shuojin Ren, Tao Wang, Pengfei Shao, Jianglong Yang, Fulu Shi, Tengteng Li, and Chao Zhang. "Heavy-duty vehicle emission characteristics based on the remote-monitoring three-bin moving-average window method." E3S Web of Conferences 438 (2023): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202343801003.
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A three-bin moving average window (3B-MAW) model was proposed and compared with the work-based window method (WB-WM) to investigate the on-road emission characteristics of heavy-duty vehicles. The invalid data of remote monitoring were mainly composed of the NOx sensor’s abnormal data and the uploaded data after the engine shutdown. In the 3B-MAW model, each data was attributed to one, two or three bins. The percentage of the three bins were linked to the vehicle’s real driving conditions. In order to gain the emission calculation accuracy and a smaller scale of required data, the value of the four main parameters, i.e., the minimum window number, the window width, the first cut-off and the second cut-off are set around 2 400 s, 300 s, 6% and 20%, respectively. Since the window power is no longer required, the 3B-MAW method is able to capture the low load emission characteristics more effectively, compared to the WB-WM. Therefore, the 3B-MAW method is a more appreciate approach to analyse on-road random driving conditions.
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Skawran, Stephan, Michael Messerli, Fotis Kotasidis, Josephine Trinckauf, Corina Weyermann, Ken Kudura, Daniela A. Ferraro, et al. "Can Dynamic Whole-Body FDG PET Imaging Differentiate between Malignant and Inflammatory Lesions?" Life 12, no. 9 (August 30, 2022): 1350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12091350.
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Background: Investigation of the clinical feasibility of dynamic whole-body (WB) [18F]FDG PET, including standardized uptake value (SUV), rate of irreversible uptake (Ki), and apparent distribution volume (Vd) in physiologic tissues, and comparison between inflammatory/infectious and cancer lesions. Methods: Twenty-four patients were prospectively included to undergo dynamic WB [18F]FDG PET/CT for clinically indicated re-/staging of oncological diseases. Parametric maps of Ki and Vd were generated using Patlak analysis alongside SUV images. Maximum parameter values (SUVmax, Kimax, and Vdmax) were measured in liver parenchyma and in malignant or inflammatory/infectious lesions. Lesion-to-background ratios (LBRs) were calculated by dividing the measurements by their respective mean in the liver tissue. Results: Seventy-seven clinical target lesions were identified, 60 malignant and 17 inflammatory/infectious. Kimax was significantly higher in cancer than in inflammatory/infections lesions (3.0 vs. 2.0, p = 0.002) while LBRs of SUVmax, Kimax, and Vdmax did not differ significantly between the etiologies: LBR (SUVmax) 3.3 vs. 2.9, p = 0.06; LBR (Kimax) 5.0 vs. 4.4, p = 0.05, LBR (Vdmax) 1.1 vs. 1.0, p = 0.18). LBR of inflammatory/infectious and cancer lesions was higher in Kimax than in SUVmax (4.5 vs. 3.2, p < 0.001). LBRs of Kimax and SUVmax showed a strong correlation (Spearman’s rho = 0.83, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Dynamic WB [18F]FDG PET/CT is feasible in a clinical setting. LBRs of Kimax were higher than SUVmax. Kimax was higher in malignant than in inflammatory/infectious lesions but demonstrated a large overlap between the etiologies.
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Klein, C. R., F. P. Kesseler, C. Perrei, J. Frank, J. A. Duine, and A. C. Schwartz. "A novel dye-linked formaldehyde dehydrogenase with some properties indicating the presence of a protein-bound redox-active quinone cofactor." Biochemical Journal 301, no. 1 (July 1, 1994): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3010289.
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Dye-linked formaldehyde dehydrogenase from methylamine-grown Hyphomicrobium zavarzinii ZV 580, a tetramer of M(r) 210,000 with subunits of M(r) 54,000, was purified to homogeneity in five steps with 10% yield. The enzyme shows optimal affinity for, and activity with, formaldehyde (Km 67 microM) compared with other aldehydes. Pyridoxal phosphate, pyrroloquinoline quinone and other cofactors that would give the enzyme a distinctive absorption spectrum are absent. Slight changes are observed in the spectrum at 300-550 nm on oxidation of the enzyme with Wurster's Blue (WB) and reduction with formaldehyde. Titration of the native reduced enzyme with WB accounts for 2 mol of electrons per mol of tetrameric enzyme. The circumstantial evidence supporting the presence of a redox-active quinone cofactor bound to the polypeptide chain comprises a signal at g = 2.0049 in the X-band e.p.r. spectrum of the enzyme oxidized with WB, which disappears on reduction with formaldehyde, and a positive reaction of the native as well as the denatured and dialysed enzyme in the redox-cycling assay with glycinate and NitroBlue Tetrazolium (quinone staining). The oxidized enzyme is inhibited by equimolar amounts of phenylhydrazine, which is also a reductant. Hydrazone formation was absent with completely inhibited enzyme, according to photometric evidence. Likewise, the glycinate-dependent reduction of NitroBlue Tetrazolium was not affected by the inhibitor. It is concluded that an oxidation product of the hydrazine is the actual inhibitor which reacts with an amino acid residue of the active site rather than with the prospective quinone cofactor.
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Tillery, S. I., and B. E. Lehnert. "Age-bodyweight relationships to lung growth in the F344 rat as indexed by lung weight measurements." Laboratory Animals 20, no. 3 (July 1, 1986): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367786780865610.
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Measurements of the total lung weights and the individual weights of the lung lobes of male F344 rats ranging in age from about 30 days to 140 days or more were made in order to determine how lung growth and the growths of the individual lung lobes relate to bodyweight over the course of maturation of this species. Additionally, in this study we also (1) compared how each lung lobe grows relative to total lung growth, (2) evaluated the ratios of lung dry weight to wet weight and (3) obtained information on the weights of the trachea and extra-hilar main-stem bronchi as the F344 rat matures. The wet weights WLT of the trachea-lung preparations and the pooled lobe weights WPL as functions of rat bodyweight WB could be readily described by the following logarithmic expressions: WLT = 0·596 ln WB - 1·923, r = 0·95; WPL = 0·464 ln WB - 1·566, r = 0·96. Expressed as percentages of the pooled lobe weights, the individual lobes remained at constant values as the animals grew with the exception of the right caudal lobe which decreased between bodyweights of 72 and 96 g; absolute wet weight measurements of the individual lobes indicated that the right cranial, right middle and right intermediate lobes actually decreased in weight between bodyweights of 300 and 385 g. The dry weights of the lobes consistently represented approximately 22% of the wet weights regardless of animal age or bodyweight, and on average the airways represented about 20% of the weights of the intact airway-lung preparations over the course of animal maturation.
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Guler, Nil, Schuharazad Abro, Marty Emanuele, Omer Iqbal, Debra Hoppensteadt, and Jawed Fareed. "The Protective Effect of Poloxamer-188 on Platelet Functions." Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis 23, no. 8 (September 20, 2016): 987–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1076029616669785.
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Background: Poloxamer-188 (MST-188) is effective in the repair/recovery of damaged cell membranes. MST-188 is a promising agent for protecting blood cell viability. The aim of the study is to test the hypothesis that MST-188 can extend the duration of platelet function. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from 20 healthy volunteers. MST-188 (10 or 2 mg/mL) containing platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was prepared with 2 procedures. First, PRP prepared from MST-188 added whole blood (WB); second, MST-188 was added to PRP. These were referred to MST-188-WB preparation (WBP) and MST-188-PRP preparation (PRPP), respectively. For control, saline was used in the same manner. Agonist-induced aggregation (AIA) studies were performed at 30, 180, and 300 minutes using Platelet Aggregation Profiler (PAP-8) aggregometer (Bio/Data Corporation, Horsham, Pennsylvania) and Adenosine diphosphate (ADP), arachidonic acid, collagen, and epinephrine as agonists at final concentration of 20 µM, 500 µg/mL, 0.19 mg/mL, and 100 µM, respectively. Results: There was a protective effect of MST-188 on ADP and collagen AIA. At 300 minutes, ADP AIA was found to be 50.2% higher than saline control in 2-mg WBP, 43% at 10-mg PRPP, and 10.4% at 2-mg PRPP. Protective effect of on collagen AIA was 65.9% in 2-mg WBP, 42.74% at 10-mg PRPP, and 11.42% at 2-mg PRPP. In comparison between 30 and 300 minutes, MST-188 showed significant protection in terms of ADP and collagen receptors and for both types of preparations (WBP and PRPP). Conclusion: The protective effects of MST-188 on ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation may contribute to the preservation of platelet functionality upon storage in blood banks.
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King, Jessica L., Connor Simper, Jacob Razzouk, and Julie W. Merten. "The Impact of Varying Warning Color on E-Cigarette Advertisements: Results From an Online Experiment Among Young Adults." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 23, no. 9 (March 13, 2021): 1536–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntab043.
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Abstract Introduction Advertisement warnings are often overlooked, which reduces the opportunity for risk communication. Methods We used Prolific to survey 1131 young adults (18–35) who currently used e-cigarettes or tobacco products. We randomized participants to one of four warning conditions: black text on white background (BW), white on black (WB), black on yellow (BY), and yellow on black (YB). We examined associations between condition and attention, recall, ad appeal, perceived message effectiveness (PME), and intentions to use e-cigarettes using chi-square and analysis of variance (ANOVA) where appropriate. We conducted logistic regressions by condition for attention and recall controlling for demographics and tobacco use. Results The warning was selected as the most attention-capturing area of the advertisement more often by those exposed to yellow warnings than white (59.9% vs. 46.8%), even after controlling for demographics and tobacco use (p < .05). Recall was greater among those exposed to yellow warnings than white (44.2% vs. 37.3%), which held in controlled models. There were no significant differences between yellow and white warnings for ad appeals, PME, or intentions to use. In subanalyses, WB warnings generated higher PME (10.1 vs. 9.5) and lower intentions to use e-cigarettes (3.0 vs. 3.3) than black on white (BW) (each p < .05). Conclusions Yellow warning color increases attention and recall of the warning, but this increase in attention did not translate to differences in downstream effects. Among currently mandated warning variations, the white text on black background warning appears more effective than the BW. Future research should examine whether differences translate to behavior change. Implications We tested color variations of the FDA-mandated nicotine text warning on e-cigarette advertisements. Yellow variations (yellow text on black background and BY) better-captured attention and increased warning recall compared to the mandated black and white warnings. Among the FDA-mandated BW and WB warnings, the WB variation appears more effective, generating higher perceived message effectiveness and lower intentions to use e-cigarettes. Given the difficulty in implementing pictorial warnings in the United States, color might represent an alternative to improve warning effectiveness. Findings may also be applicable to those designing tobacco-related health communications.
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Abrams-Ogg, Anthony C. G., Stephen A. Kruth, Ronald F. Carter, Victor E. Valli, Suzanne Kamel-Reid, and Ian D. Dubé. "Preparation and transfusion of canine platelet concentrates." American Journal of Veterinary Research 54, no. 4 (April 1, 1993): 635–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1993.54.04.635.
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Summary A protocol was developed for preparation of platelet concentrates (pc) to support thrombocytopenic dogs. Four clinically normal dogs with platelet counts that ranged from 200 to 330 × 109 platelets/L were used as donors. One unit (450 ml) of blood was collected by venipuncture into a double blood bag. Whole blood (wb) was centrifuged for 4 minutes at 1,000 × g (braking time = 2 minutes, 30 seconds) to prepare platelet-rich plasma (prp). The prp was expressed into the satellite bag and was centrifuged for 10 minutes at 2,000 × g (braking time = 2 minutes, 36 seconds). The platelet-poor plasma was expressed, leaving 40 to 70 ml of plasma and the pelleted platelets in the satellite bag. The resulting pc was left undisturbed for 60 minutes to promote disaggregation, and the platelets were then resuspended by gentle manual agitation. Forty-eight pc were prepared. Mean (± sd) platelet yield from wb to prp was 78 (±13)% (range, 35 to 97%); yield from prp to pc was 94 (± 6)% (range, 75 to 100%); and overall yield (pc from wb) was 74(± 13)% (range, 36 to 91%). Mean pc platelet count was 8.0 (± 3.0) × 1010 platelets/pc (range, 2.3 to 13.4 × 1010 platelets/pc). The wbc content was 0.1 to 2.3 × 109 platelets/pc, representing 3 to 74% of wbc in the wb. Hematocrit was 0.1 to 26.2%. Results of bacterial and fungal culturing were negative. The pc were irradiated (18 Gy) and transfused to 5 cross-matched dogs undergoing bone marrow transplantation that developed profound thrombocytopenia of up to 8 weeks’ duration. Transfusions were given over 5 to 15 minutes, using a latex-free transfusion set. Platelet count in recipients was monitored to confirm reduction in the degree of thrombocytopenia. Mean actual 24-hour post-pc transfusion platelet count was significantly (P < 0.0001) higher than mean expected 24-hour platelet count without pc transfusion. Recipients were closely observed for hemorrhage, which did not occur. Prevalence of transfusion reactions was 17%; signs were fever (5/46), urticaria (1/46), vomiting (1/46), and anaphylaxis (1/46).
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Yang, Guang, Bingfang Yang, Biaofeng Hou, and Hengheng Bi. "Single production of vector-like top partner in the Wb channel at eγ collision in the LHT model." International Journal of Modern Physics A 34, no. 18 (June 28, 2019): 1950093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x19500933.
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In the framework of the littlest Higgs Model with T-parity (LHT), we investigate the single production of vector-like top partner [Formula: see text] decaying to [Formula: see text] in the leptonic channel at the high energy [Formula: see text] collision. We utilize the polarized electron beam and photon beam to enhance the signal and propose a search strategy by performing a detector simulation. On the basis of the current limits from the precision electroweak data and Higgs data, we find that the top partner mass can be excluded up to 1350 (1380) GeV with integrated luminosity of 1000 fb[Formula: see text] and 1400 (1470) GeV with integrated luminosity of 3000 fb[Formula: see text] for the [Formula: see text] TeV (2.4 TeV) at the [Formula: see text] level. If the center-of-mass energy can be improved to 3.0 TeV, the limits on the top partner mass will reach 1450 (1550) GeV with integrated luminosities of 1000 (3000) fb[Formula: see text].
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Murphy, Paul. "Robbins Review of Pathology. Edward Klatt and Vinay Kumar, eds. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2000, 311 pp., $32.00. ISBN 0-7216-8259-6." Clinical Chemistry 47, no. 9 (September 1, 2001): 1746–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/47.9.1746a.
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Bischof-Delaloye, Angelika, Cristian Antonescu, and Anton Hagenbeek. "Dosimetric Analysis of 90Y-Ibritumomab Tiuxetan (Zevalin®) Given as Consolidation of First Remission in Patients with Advanced-Stage Follicular Lymphoma in the International Phase 3 First-Line Indolent Trial (FIT)." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 3415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.3415.3415.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Yttrium-90 (90Y)-ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin) is an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody immunoconjugate linked to the pure beta-emitting 90Y radioisotope, which is known to allow targeted delivery limiting normal tissue exposure. As part of the international, phase 3 randomized First-line Indolent Trial (FIT) evaluating the efficacy of Zevalin consolidation compared with observation alone in patients (pts) with advanced stage follicular lymphoma achieving a response to first-line therapy, we investigated the radiation exposure of pts in the Zevalin arm for whom dosimetry data were available. Among the 414 pts enrolled in the trial (age ≥18 yrs, normal peripheral blood cell counts, <25% bone marrow involvement with lymphoma), 70 had a diagnostic scan with 111In-ibritumomab tiuxetan. Dosimetry was not completed in 1 pt. In addition to local dosimetry, central dosimetry was performed by a single experienced nuclear medicine physician in 57 of the 69 pts, including 21 pts in one participating hospital (I) and 36 evaluated in a central facility (II). All pts were injected with 185 MBq 111In-ibritumomab tiuxetan after infusion of rituximab (250 mg/m2) on day -7. At least 3 simultaneous anterior and posterior whole body (WB) scans were performed 15–45 min, 3–6 hrs, 1, 3–4 and 6 days after injection. Blood samples were drawn at corresponding intervals. Using the region of interest (ROI) technique, WB and organ (lungs, liver, spleen, kidneys) radioactivity was estimated from the geometric mean of anterior and posterior ROI counts. Whole blood aliquots were counted, normalized and decay corrected. WB, organ and red marrow (RM) radiation absorbed doses were calculated using the decay constant for 90Y and the projected activity (14.8 MBq/kg) with the MIRDOSE3 software. Median dose in the 57 pts evaluated by central dosimetry was 102 cGy (range 28–327) to RM and 74 cGy (range 46–106) to WB. Radiation exposure was within the protocol-defined upper limits to normal organs (2000 cGy) in all pts and to RM (300 cGy) in all but 2 pts. In one pt, the RM dose was 85175 cGy by local dosimetry, but 94 cGy by central dosimetry; the pt was treated without complications. In the other pt, the RM dose was 327 cGy by central dosimetry, but 155 cGy by local. Average RM exposure was similar between pts with grade 3–4 neutropenia and/or thrombocytopenia and those with grade 0–2. A larger percentage (45%) of the 40 pts with grade 3 or 4 neutropenia had above-average RM radiation dose compared with 18% of the 17 pts with grade 0–2, whereas, the percentage of pts with above-average WB radiation dose was comparable in both groups (42% and 41%, respectively). Overall, neither WB nor RM radiation dose was correlated with hematologic toxicity (Spearman correlation). These findings are consistent with published data (Wiseman et al J Nucl Med2003;44:465–474), and suggest that Zevalin is safely administered in pts with low tumor burden. Our study confirms that radiation exposure with Zevalin treatment is within safe limits to normal organs and that hematologic toxicity does not correlate with RM radiation dose estimates.
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Paraskeuas, Vasileios V., Georgios Papadomichelakis, Ioannis P. Brouklogiannis, Evangelos C. Anagnostopoulos, Athanasios C. Pappas, Panagiotis Simitzis, Georgios Theodorou, Ioannis Politis, and Konstantinos C. Mountzouris. "Dietary Inclusion Level Effects of Yoghurt Acid Whey Powder on Performance, Digestibility of Nutrients and Meat Quality of Broilers." Animals 13, no. 19 (October 4, 2023): 3096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13193096.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, the increasing demand for Greek strained yoghurt produced massive amounts of acid whey, which constitutes a major environmental pollutant. Whether yoghurt acid whey can be included in poultry diets is not known. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of four dietary levels of yoghurt acid whey powder (YAWP) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, meat quality traits and oxidative stability. A total of 300 male 1-day-old Ross 308 broilers were assigned into four groups with five replicates of 15 broilers each: control-fed basal diet with no YAWP addition (WO) or basal diet supplemented with YAWP at 25 g/kg of diet (WA), 50 g/kg of diet (WB), or 100 g/kg of diet (WC). At the starter period, body weight and body weight gain were reduced after WB and WC treatments compared to the WO treatment. Breast meat oxidative stability was improved during refrigerated storage for 1 and 3 d in all YAWP treatments compared to control, while the WA treatment showed an improved oxidative stability after 6 and 9 d. The results suggest that YAWP inclusion at 25 g/kg of diet did not impair performance and extended the meat shelf life by reducing lipid oxidation rates.