Relevant bibliographies by topics / Wax

Academic literature on the topic 'Wax'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Wax"

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Navia, María José. "Wax." Review: Literature and Arts of the Americas 52, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08905762.2019.1619362.

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Simsiri, Sarath. "Comparison of Effective in Batik Production Process between Paraffin Wax and Gel Wax-Resist." International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications 10, no. 4 (August 2019): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijcea.2019.10.4.749.

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Cheng, Qing Lin, Xu Xu Wang, Xian Li Li, Wei Sun, and Ling De Meng. "Study of Wax Deposition Rate in Waxy Crude Oil Pipeline." Applied Mechanics and Materials 401-403 (September 2013): 891–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.401-403.891.

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In waxy crude oil transportation process, wax crystals start to precipitate as the oil temperature drops to wax appearance point, and then form a network structure gradually which attaches to the wall. The problem of wax deposition seriously affects the normal operation of pipeline. Based on the wax deposition tendency coefficient method, combined with experimental data, the parameters related to wax deposition tendency coefficient is fitted, and the wax deposition rate equation of crude oil is determined finally. The variation law of wax deposition rate along the pipeline is analyzed, and the influence of different seasons and different throughput the on wax deposition rate is discussed subsequently.
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Yi, Shi Ze, and Peng Gao. "Study on Morphology and Structure of Wax Crystals in Waxy Crudes at Apex Temperature of Wax Precipitation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 318 (May 2013): 293–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.318.293.

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The apex temperature of wax precipitation was measured with fractal dimension characterizing the wax crystal morphology, and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), respectively. The experimental result revealed that the concentration of precipitated wax in virgin waxy crudes had the strong positive correlation with the fractal dimension of wax crystals. At the apex temperature, the wax crystals changed from tiny microscopic spots to clear and visible ones, with their morphology and structure becoming more intricate.
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Maneeintr, Kreangkrai, Tanapol Ruengnam, Thodsaporn Taweeaphiradeemanee, and Treetasase Tuntitanakij. "Wax inhibitor performance comparison for waxy crude oil from Fang oilfield." E3S Web of Conferences 294 (2021): 06005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129406005.

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In petroleum chemistry, waxy oil from paraffins can cause operating problems for oil production. The chemical method is used to remove by using chemicals or additives to prevent the wax problem. In this study, the performance of wax inhibitor are evaluated by the measurement of pour-point reduction and wax deposition of crude oil from Mae Soon area, Fang oilfield. Wax deposition is determined by cold finger technique. Wax inhibitors, hexane, Poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene) (PMAO) and monoethanolamine (MEA) are mixed in oil sample at various concentrations. From the experiment, it is presented that hexane is used to reduce pour-point temperature up to 19.55 % and to reduce wax deposit up to 92.56 %. Moreover, MEA and PMAO have less effect on pour-point reduction. However, they have high efficiency to prevent wax deposition. PMAO provide the better wax deposition performance than MEA. The amount of wax deposit is lower at the same conditions. The percentage of wax deposit is from 39.19 % to 83.02 % for MEA and from 58.54 % to 88.51 % for PMAO. Furthermore, from the results, the preferred concentration of hexane can be at 10 % and PMAO can be 7500 ppm at low temperature or 5000 ppm for higher temperature. The results of this research can be applied to the practical way for wax deposition prevention operation in Mae Soon area in Fang oilfield to reduce the wax problem in the future.
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Palucka, Tim. "Wax Casts." MRS Bulletin 25, no. 5 (May 2000): 54–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2000.76.

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Kamara, Diana. "Fake Wax." Journal of African Cultural Studies 33, no. 3 (July 3, 2021): 364–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13696815.2020.1869534.

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Hill, Josh, Jessica Little, and Tim Ford. "Bone Wax." Foot & Ankle Specialist 6, no. 3 (April 2, 2013): 236–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1938640013484797.

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Ellis, Harold. "Horsley's Wax." Journal of Perioperative Practice 17, no. 2 (February 2007): 82–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/175045890701700206.

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Kaufman, Matthew H. "Wax Models." Journal of Medical Biography 11, no. 4 (November 2003): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096777200301100401.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wax"

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Nelson, Jac Jeanette. "Wax." PDXScholar, 2016. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3015.

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In content, concept, and form, my collection of poems is composed of a number of thematic obsessions. These are: music, sound, and hearing; recording and surveillance; play and participation as described by Hans-Georg Gadamer in Truth & Method; the angel of history as described by Walter Benjamin; situation, inheritance, influence; aggression, antagonism, manipulation, control; fixity and mutability; eros, desire, and sex; conversation, the dialectic relationship of wholes and parts. You might see that all of these themes relate, that they each appear as one another. WAX speaks and performs all of these themes from that point where self and other--and where identity and universality--collapse; that single point of fear, violence, loss, union, obliteration, feeling, responsibility; that single point of possibility where we might discover a revised I, a new answer for "how to write we."
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Ji, Hongyan. "Thermodynamic modelling of wax and integrated wax-hydrate." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/332.

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Schwarz, Cara Elsbeth. "The processing of wax and wax additives with supercritical fluids." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1195.

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Marino, Fabien. "Biodegradation of paraffin wax." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0030/MQ50640.pdf.

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Marino, Fabien. "Biodegradation of paraffin wax." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21312.

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Nineteen bacteria were tested for growth on paraffin wax as the sole source of carbon. Paraffin wax is a solid mixture of hydrocarbons including n-alkanes ranging from C18H38 to C37H 76. Of the nineteen bacteria tested, four bacteria (Arthrobacter paraffineus ATCC 19558, Mycobacterium OFS, Pseudomonas fluorescens Texaco and Rhodococcus IS01) grew well on paraffin wax. However, only one, Rhodococcus IS01, was found to rapidly and completely degrade a mixture of paraffin wax liquefied with hexadecane using the Self-Cycling Fermentation (SCF) technology. This strain was able to degrade n-alkanes ranging from dodecane to heptatriacontane as well as highly branched hydrocarbons such as pristane and hepta-methyl-nonane.
Kinetic studies performed with Rhodococcus IS01 growing on mixtures of n-alkanes showed that the hydrocarbons were degraded in ascending order of chain length: shortest to longest chain. The short lag period between the biodegradation of the different n-alkanes suggested that the growth of Rhodococcus IS01 on mixtures of n-alkanes followed some form of diauxie. Further kinetic studies were conducted growing Rhodococcus IS01 on individual and various mixtures of n-alkanes; these showed that the initial first-order oxidation constant decreased with increasing chain length. This trend is suspected to be due to an enzyme specificity constraint rather than to a mass transfer limitation. In addition, it was also observed that the maximum specific growth rate constant (mumax) increased with increasing n-alkane chain length.
Rhodococcus IS01 was also found to produce a cell-associated biosurfactant.
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Starkie, Joanna Rachel. "Wax anti-settling additives." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/284911.

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Wax anti-settling additives (WASA) are used to mitigate against the problems caused by the settling of n-alkane wax crystals, which crystallise from petroleum diesel. This can result in the blocking of fuel filters and hence vehicle failure. However, the mode of action for such additives is not currently known and two mechanisms have been proposed: they reduce the wax crystal size to such an extent that they settle very slowly; or they induce gelation in the wax suspension. This project aims to elucidate the mechanism of WASA within the diesel system. A room temperature crystallising model diesel (10 wt% n-alkanes in dodecane) has been developed. This model system has given a good response to the additives, with the wax crystals reduced in size, and is hence suitable for mechanistic studies. Differential scanning calorimetry and infra-red spectroscopy both suggest that the WASA is incorporated in or onto the wax crystal. DSC shows that small amounts of WASA suppress the wax crystallisation temperature and change the shape of the heat flow curve. FT-IR shows the WASA amide stretch present within filtered and dried wax crystals. Intriguingly, electrophoresis experiments show that the WASA imparts a positive charge to the wax crystals, suggesting an electrostatic role in the WASA action. Rheological experiments show the presence of a weak gel in the WASA doped model diesel. However, the gel strength is not altered by the presence of an organic salt and thus cannot be purely electrostatic in origin. Small angle neutron scattering has been conducted to help locate the WASA in the system. It has shown that in solution WASA shows a collapsed polymer coil structure with a single molecule occupying a 28 Å diameter sphere and multiple WASA molecules forming a 2400 Å diameter sphere. In the presence of the wax the WASA scatter does not significantly change suggesting that the WASA is on the surface of the wax crystal. By combining these results, a mechanism of WASA action is proposed as WASA cations interactions bridging between the wax crystals causing a weak bridging flocculation gel with electrostatic and steric effects contributing to stabilisation. The WASA charges are partially dissociated thus giving the electrophoretic effect and the long chains on the cations can contribute to stability via steric stabilisation.
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Cendrowicz, Aleksander. "The characterisation of wax injection moulding and de-wax processes in investment casting." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.416512.

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The wax injection moulding and de-wax processes in investment casting were investigated; by measuring the relevant material properties of two commercially available pattern waxes; performing experimentation on industrial equipment; and using analytical and numerical techniques to solve some of the fluid mechanics, heat transfer and solid mechanics equations associated with each process. The rheological behaviour of the molten pattern waxes was found to be Newtonian at higher temperatures and shear-thinning at lower temperatures. The viscosity was also found to depend on shear and thermal history. Samples pre-sheared by both "screw" and "tank" type injection moulding machines were found to give lower vi~cosities than freshly melted pellets. The extensional viscosity was higher at lower temperatures and lower shear rates than that expected for a Newtonian liquid. The pressureflowrate- time relationship for the flow through a tube of a power-law fluid with exponential dependency with temperature was obtained by solving the coupled dimensionless heattransfer and fluid mechanics equations. The method was used to correct capillary viscometry results for viscous heating. Predictions of the pressure-drop through cold cylindrical running systems during injection moulding were found to agree qualitatively with experimentally measured values, although quantitative agreement was limited by the constitutive model that was used. The formation of surface defects during the injection of patterns was investigated by using flow-visualisation and computational fluid dynamics. It was found that substantial flow-lines occur when the flow-front velocity is below 10 mm.s-l, and significant air entrapment occurs at flow-front velocities above 1 m.s-1 A model was developed to predict the freezing time of running systems during the holding stage of the injection moulding cycle and the subsequent shrinkage behaviour of the pattern, which were found to be influenced most by the wax temperature, hold pressure, hold time, and runner diameter for thick unrestrained pattern geometries. The gas-assisted injection moulding process was adapted for wax pattern production, and was observed to reduce shrinkage by a factor of two. A onedimensional dynamic model was developed to calculate the stress in a cylindrical investment shell during de-waxing. The relevant physical properties of un-sintered ceramic shells were measured, including the pore size distribution, wax permeability, thermal expansion and hot & wet stress-strain behaviour. It was shown how the geometry, material properties and operating conditions can affect the frequency of shell cracking during the de-wax process.
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Mahabadian, Mohammadreza Ameri. "Solid-fluid equilibria modelling in wax, hydrate and combined wax-hydrate forming systems." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/3331.

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Waxes and hydrates formation are two major flow assurance challenges, imposing considerable costs for prevention and, in worst case scenario, pipeline blockage removal and deferred production. Employing remediation and prevention schemes for hydrate and wax related problems necessitates knowledge of their formation conditions as well as their amount. The main focus of this work is thermodynamic modelling of phase equilibria in systems prone to waxes, hydrates and combined wax−hydrate formation. Study of these complex mixtures requires the development of a robust multiphase flash calculation algorithm capable of identifying the correct number and nature of the phases in equilibrium. Such an algorithm is devised in this work based on the Gibbs free energy minimization concept. The algorithm is first applied to complex hydrate forming systems and then extended to combined wax-hydrate forming mixtures, enabling investigation of the mutual interactions between hydrates and waxes from the thermodynamics viewpoint. The new algorithm is fast and is capable of showing complex behaviours in hydrate and wax forming systems including stability of several wax phases or more than one hydrate structure at equilibrium conditions. In this work, an integrated thermodynamic model coupling three highly accurate schemes, i.e., the cubic plus association equation of state, UNIQUAC activity coefficient model and van der Waals and Platteeuw approach−to describe the non-idealities of the fluids, paraffinic solids (waxes) and hydrates, respectively−is implemented. Furthermore, the formation of waxes in high-pressure condition is thoroughly investigated, especially for highly asymmetric condensate-like systems. Accordingly, a modified thermodynamic model is presented for wax formation in high-pressure systems. Comparing with experimental solid-fluid equilibrium data of synthetic mixtures, the integrated model presents excellent agreement which demonstrates the reliability of the approach. Finally, the method available for the extension of the integrated model−which was based on synthetic mixtures−to real oil systems and especially for wax formation, are evaluated. Based on the analysis presented the best model is chosen and used for illustrating the combined wax-hydrate precipitation in a real crude oil.
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Larsson, Emelie. "Wax-accessory for cross-country skiers : Development of a wax-bench that collect waste." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-70833.

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This is a master thesis report for MSc in Industrial Design Engineering at Luleå University of Technology. It is a development project where a wax-bench for cross-country skiing has been developed. The wax-bench have been developed to facilitate the clean-up for the user and to gather all wax-accessories at one place. In this report the entire project can be followed from start to finish, how the requirements were found, who is the user, what should the product handle and how was the ideas ge- nerated. The final result is a wax- box that is vacuum formed and folded in the middle. In the box there are adjustable profiles to place the ski on and an adjustable attachment part in the center that attaches to the skis binding. The box acts as a collector of the waste that is produced when waxing skis, and as storage of waxing accessories when not in use. How to install the accessory in the box is not yet determined, but the idea is to develop a specific bag that fits perfectly in the wax-box and includes all the usual accessories. This bag should then be taken out when you wax and put back in the box after complete the waxing.
I den här rapporten kan man följa ett examensarbete för civilingenjörsprogrammet Tek- nisk Design på Luleå Tekniska Universitet. Projektet består av ett utvecklingsarbete där en vallabänk för längdskidåkning har utvecklas. Vallabänken har utvecklats för att underlätta städningen för användaren och för att samla alla vallatillbehör på en och samma plats. I den här rapporten kan man följa hela projektet från start till mål, hur kraven hittades, vem är användaren, vad ska produkten klara av och hur genererades ideer. Det slutgiltiga resultatet är en valla-låda som är vakuumformad och viks ihop på mitten. I lådan finns det justerbara profiler att placera skidan på samt ett justerbart fäste i mitten som fäster i skidans bindning. Lådan fungerar som uppsamlare av skräpet som bildas när man vallar skidor och som förvaring av vallatillbehör när den inte används. Hur valla-tillbehöret ska placeras är ännu inte fastställt men tanken är att det ska utvecklas en specifik väska som passar in perfekt i valla-boxen och som har plats för alla de vanliga tillbehören. Denna väska ska sedan gå att plocka ur när man vallar och placera tillbaka i boxen efter utförd vallning.
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Southgate, Jonathan. "Wax removal using pipeline pigs." Thesis, Durham University, 2004. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2995/.

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The deposition of paraffin wax solids in pipelines and risers represents a continuing challenge to flow assurance in offshore installations. Wax deposits reduce product throughput, requiring increased energy expenditure to re-establish flow levels. In severe cases, wax deposits can completely block a pipeline. Preventative solutions to the problem such as pipeline insulation, active heating of pipes or chemical dosing with wax inhibitors are not always economically viable, so mechanical removal using a device known as a 'pig' remains an economical solution to the problem of wax removal. A pig is a cylindrical tool that is driven through the pipe by the flow of product, scraping deposits from the pipe wall as it travels. Despite the importance of pipeline pigging to the oil and gas industry, the effectiveness of pigs in removing wax is poorly understood and it is this problem that is addressed by this thesis. One of the first necessities in undertaking this work has been to define the mechanical properties of wax deposits. This has required critical analysis of published material on the subject of wax deposition along with practical experimentation to create representative models of wax deposits that require mechanical removal from pipelines. Previously, studies of wax removal using pigs have assumed the mechanics of the process to be adequately represented by uniaxial compression or simple shear load models. In this work wax removal is analysed using the orthogonal cutting model. This provides a more accurate description of the process as it includes the effect of material after yielding (the chip) on the net wax removal force. Experiments were designed to allow testing of the validity of the orthogonal cutting theory to the pigging process under a variety of conditions. An original contribution from this work is through experimental and theoretical results that are given context through comparison with established metal cutting theory. Through experimentation a specific cutting energy is obtained for wax removal. The results of the wax cutting experiments have identified particular differences between wax cutting and metal cutting regarding the homogeneity of chip formation. These observations have important implications in predicting wax removal forces using mechanical removal tools. Although the affect of removed wax chips on pigging forces has been neglected in theory, it is well known in practice. The fluid used to drive cleaning pigs is often used to produce a jet radiating centrally from the front of the pig intended to blast wax chips away from the pig body, avoiding formation of a 'plug' of wax ahead of the pig. In this study a novel variation of this process in the form of an annular bypass jet is experimentally studied. A semi-empirical model of wax removal using an annular bypass jet has been developed and empirical constants obtained to allow prediction of removal rates for different waxes under various conditions. The new model introduced here allows balancing of pig velocity with wax removal velocity so that a non-contacting wax removal system is obtainable. The bypass-jetting model has been validated using a full-scale trial of the process by industrial sponsors.
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Books on the topic "Wax"

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Smith, Therese Ambrosi. Wax. Santa Cruz, CA: Blue Star Books, 2011.

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name, No. with wax. Toronto, ON: Coach House Books, 2003.

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Lorenz, Angela. Wax promises. Bononia: Angela Lorenz, 1991.

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Hart, Grant. Hot wax. Oaks, PA: MVD Audio, 2009.

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Beaulieu, D. A. With wax. Toronto, Ont: Coach House Books, 2003.

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Marsh, Hazel. Wax art. Lewes, East Sussex: Guild of Master Craftsman Publications, 2001.

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Westlake, Donald E. Wax apple. Unity, Me: Five Star, 2000.

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Wax world. Tucson, AZ: Chax, 2011.

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Comella, M. Angels. Wax crayons. Parsippany, N.J: Silver Press, 1997.

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Biting the wax. Newcastle upon Tyne: Bloodaxe Books, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Wax"

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Alexander, Brandon, Brad Dillion, and Kevin Y. Kim. "Wax On, Wax Off." In Pro iOS5 Tools, 1–6. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-3609-2_1.

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Chow, Y. S., Virendra K. Gupta, Sue W. Nicolson, Harley P. Brown, Vincent H. Resh, David M. Rosenberg, Edward S. Ross, et al. "Wax." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 4169. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_2631.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "wax." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 589. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_11129.

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Conte, Pietro. "Wax." In Lecture Notes in Morphogenesis, 537–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51324-5_124.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Wax." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 806. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_12736.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Wax." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 806. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_12737.

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Chow, Y. S., Virendra K. Gupta, Sue W. Nicolson, Harley P. Brown, Vincent H. Resh, David M. Rosenberg, Edward S. Ross, et al. "Wax Channels." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 4169. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_2632.

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Chow, Y. S., Virendra K. Gupta, Sue W. Nicolson, Harley P. Brown, Vincent H. Resh, David M. Rosenberg, Edward S. Ross, et al. "Wax Scales." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 4169. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_2633.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "depilatory wax." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 147. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_2747.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Synthetic Wax." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 541. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_10271.

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Conference papers on the topic "Wax"

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Nenniger, J. E., J. E. Cutten, and S. N. Shields. "Wax Deposition in a WAG Flood." In SPE Production Technology Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/14688-ms.

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Leontaritis, Kosta J., and Efstratios Geroulis. "Wax Deposition Correlation-Application in Multiphase Wax Deposition Models." In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/21623-ms.

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Li, Weidong, Qiyu Huang, Xue Dong, Xuedong Gao, and Lei Hou. "Experimental Study on Wax Removal With Real Wax Deposits." In 2018 12th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2018-78121.

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Pipeline pigging is one of the most widely used wax remediation techniques in field practice. However, it still depends heavily on “rule-of-thumb” due to the limited understanding of wax deposit properties and wax removal mechanisms. By far, laboratory studies on pipeline pigging generally suffer a gross defect in test materials, i.e., the big discrepancy between the experimental wax samples and real wax deposits. To this end, this paper aims to explore the wax removal in pigging with naturally deposited wax, using a self-designed experimental facility. Wax deposit mass and wax content, two decisive indexes affecting wax removal, were also investigated. The experimental apparatus consists of two parts: a flow loop equipped with a detachable test section to achieve real wax deposits and a wax removal apparatus to perform pigging operations. The test section can be conveniently detached from the flow loop and/or mounted onto the wax removal apparatus for a quick conversion between wax deposition and pigging operation. The results indicate that a higher bulk flow temperature decreases the wax deposit mass and increases the wax content of deposit. Additionally, the distributions of wax content and wax layer thickness suggest that gravity settling plays no role in wax deposition. Moreover, the wax resistive force profile of naturally deposited wax presents four distinct stages, i.e., the build-up phase, the pre-plug phase, the plug phase and the production phase. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study on wax removal with real wax deposits. It paves the way for the application of previous artificial-wax-based researches to real wax deposit scenarios.
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Manfield, Philip, Barbara Stone, Tom Kwan, Evan Zimmerman, and Paul Devlin. "Wax-On, Wax-Off: Understanding and Mitigating Wax Deposition in a Deepwater Subsea Gas/Condensate Flowline." In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/18834-ms.

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Semenov, Andrey A. "WAX Deposition Forecast." In North Africa Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/149793-ms.

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Xiu, Zongming, Pierre-Emmanuel Dufils, Jia Zhou, Arnaud Cadix, Kevan Hatchman, Thomas Decoster, and Patrick Ferlin. "Amphiphilic Wax Inhibitor for Tackling Crude Oil Wax Deposit Challenges." In SPE International Conference on Oilfield Chemistry. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/193593-ms.

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Brykczynski, Henriette, and Eckhard Floter. "Crystallization of wax esters - a prerequisite to understand wax-based oleogels." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/aawe2824.

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From the range of oil structuring systems, waxes are a prime candidate to be taken into further consideration for product applications. In order to evaluate the structuring potential and tailor the properties of oleogels, it appears necessary to understand the mechanism of structuring and establish a relationship between composition, structure and functionality of the gels. Therefore, it is crucial to consider complex mixed gelators not as a ‘pure component’ but rather on a level of their molecular composition. Most natural waxes contain substantial amounts of wax esters being assigned to be decisive for the three-dimensional crystalline network waxes form when used as oleogelators. Diligent study of pre-existing XRD-data revealed that wax esters crystallize in two different crystal structures related to the position of their ester bond (symmetry). Wax esters with different total carbon numbers and symmetries were studied and characterized as neat component as well as in oleogels formed in medium-chained triglyceride oil at inclusion levels of 10 % (w/w). Regarding their thermal (DSC), viscoelastic (oscillatory rheology) and microstructural (BFM, cSEM) properties, single wax esters behave systematically, linked to their molecular make-up. Studying the behavior of oleogels structured by binary mixtures of wax esters revealed that chain length differences drive the solid phase mixing behavior. However, small chain length differences appear to induce crystallization in mixed structures, whereas large chain length differences induce separate crystallization of the wax esters. During storage, additional thermal events occur at specific mixing ratios, being related to compound formation or recrystallization of different crystal structures. To unravel the crystallization of wax esters and their contribution to the gelling behavior of natural waxes is necessary to control and to exploit their full potential as oleogelators in practical applications.
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Hsu, J. J. C., M. M. Santamaria, J. P. Brubaker, and Philip Hawker. "Wax Deposition And Gel Strength Of Waxy Live Crudes." In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/7573-ms.

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Rocha, T. S., G. M. N. Costa, and M. Embiruçu. "Modeling Wax Appearance Temperature." In SPE Latin American and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/177120-ms.

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Aguiar, Janaina I. S., Anthony A. Nerris, and Amir Mahmoudkhani. "Can Paraffin Wax Deposit Above Wax Appearance Temperature? A Detailed Experimental Study." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/201297-ms.

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Reports on the topic "Wax"

1

Nelson, Jac. Wax. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.3010.

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Chung, F., P. Sarathi, and R. Jones. Modeling of asphaltene and wax precipitation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6347484.

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Bostick, D. T., R. T. Jubin, and T. W. Schmidt. Wax Point Determinations Using Acoustic Resonance Spectroscopy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/940382.

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Jubin, R. T. Wax Point Determinations Using Acoustic Resonance Spectroscopy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/814561.

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Davidson, Robert A. Wax Lake Outlet Control Structure, Louisiana; Hydraulic Model Investigation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada199971.

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M. R. Doshi and J. Dyer. Removal of Wax and Stickies from OCC by Flotation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/758727.

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Joyce, P. C., M. C. Thies, D. Sherrard, J. Biales, P. Kilpatrick, and G. Roberts. Separation of fischer-Tropsch Wax from Catalyst by Supercritical Extraction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/643303.

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Joyce, P. C., and M. C. Thies. Separation of Fischer-Tropsch Wax from Catalyst by Supercritical Extraction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/643578.

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Nickles, C. R., Jr Pokrefke, and T. J. Wax Lake Outlet Control Structure Atchafalaya River. Hydraulic Model Investigation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada203497.

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Mark C. Thies and Patrick C. Joyce. Separation of Fischer-Tropsch Wax from Catalyst by Supercritical Extraction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2043.

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