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Journal articles on the topic 'Wavelength-frequency multiplexing'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 February 2022

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1

Schienle, M., and K. Sporrer. "A frequency stabilization arrangement for dense wavelength division multiplexing systems." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 4, no. 5 (May 1992): 507–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/68.136503.

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2

Zhou Hui, 周慧, 董泽 Dong Ze, 曹子峥 Cao Zizheng, 卢嘉 Lu Jia, 何晶 He Jing, 陈林 Chen Lin, and 余建军 Yu Jianjun. "All-Optical Wavelength Conversion for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Optical Signal." Acta Optica Sinica 30, no. 4 (2010): 959–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos20103004.0959.

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3

Abad, Silvia. "Wavelength multiplexing of frequency-based self-referenced fiber optic intensity sensors." Optical Engineering 43, no. 3 (March 1, 2004): 702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.1646177.

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4

Qin Liu, Qin Liu, Wei Chen Wei Chen, Dan Xu Dan Xu, Nan Cheng Nan Cheng, Fei Yang Fei Yang, Youzhen Gui Youzhen Gui, Haiwen Cai Haiwen Cai, and and Shensheng Han and Shensheng Han. "Bidirectional erbium-doped fiber amplifiers used in joint frequency and time transfer based on wavelength-division multiplexing technology." Chinese Optics Letters 13, no. 11 (2015): 110601–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201513.110601.

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5

Han Yishi, 韩一石, 罗志霄 Luo Zhixiao, 覃新宇 Qin Xinyu, and 郑振宇 Zheng Zhenyu. "Frequency-Selectable and Multi-Channel Wavelength Division Multiplexing Radio-over-Fiber System." Chinese Journal of Lasers 43, no. 5 (2016): 0505007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl201643.0505007.

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6

NUMAI, T. "SEMICONDUCTOR WAVELENGTH TUNABLE OPTICAL FILTERS." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 02, no. 04 (October 1993): 643–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218199193000383.

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Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) lightwave transmission systems and wavelength-division (WD) photonic switching systems are attractive for improvement in line capacity for lightwave telecommunication services, because they utilize a huge wavelength (frequency) domain as signal channels. Wavelength tunable optical filters are key devices for these WDM and WD systems in direct detection scheme. In particular, semiconductor wavelength tunable optical filters are suitable for monolithic integration with photonic devices such as semiconductor lasers, switches and detectors. Also, the switching speed of wavelength is faster than that of other optical filters. This paper briefly summarizes the state-of-the-art semiconductor wavelength tunable optical filters and their applications to WD photonic switching systems.

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7

Ni, Jia Sheng, Chang Wang, Tong Yu Liu, Jiong Zhang, Ji Qiang Wang, and Tao Lei. "Fiber Wind Velocity Monitoring System and its Application in Wind Power Generation." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 703–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.703.

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A fiber anemometer that used in wind velocity monitoring is introduced in this paper. FBG is used as a sensor device. Fiber anemometer uses wind-cup to modulate FBG’s wavelength, so that wavelength changing frequency stand out difference wind velocity. The system demodulate frequency is about 1KHz and its spectrum width is about 30-40nm, which means each channel has a capacity of accommodate 30-40 sensors. By wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology, this system is very suitable to be adopted in wind power generation in consideration of its large-capacity. Design scheme is described in detail. Some experimental data and equipment are also described in this paper.

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8

Turner, John F., and Patrick J. Treado. "Near-Infrared Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter Hadamard Transform Spectroscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 50, no. 2 (February 1996): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702963906609.

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The acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) is a digitally accessible, compact, solid-state spectrometer that is well suited to high-frequency optical switching and wavelength selection. With injection of a combination of radio-frequency signals into its transducer, the AOTF acts as an electronically controllable, multiplexing spectrometer. The multiplexing AOTF in this study is employed in two distinct fashions. The first of these utilizes the multiplexing AOTF as a matched filter whose intended spectral profile (i.e., bandpass and band symmetry) is controlled almost at will, providing unprecedented flexibility and high throughput. Second, the multiplexing AOTF is employed for the first time as a Hadamard transform spectrometer. In operation, the integrated intensity on the detector measures combinations of the diffracted wavelengths. The light encodement is performed without the use of physical masks and is governed by HT mathematics, which allow efficient recovery of the optical spectrum. Appreciable signal-to-noise enhancement is demonstrated with the HT AOTF spectrometer.

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9

Songmuang, S., S. Sappajak, N. Thammawongsa, N. Pornsuwancharoen, and P. P. Yupapin. "Multi Wavelength Generated by PANDA Ring Resonator for Multi User DWDM WiMAX Network." Advanced Materials Research 979 (June 2014): 471–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.979.471.

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This paper proposed a scheme for multi channels THz frequency generation by using a coupled nonlinear resonator device known as PANDA ring. Dipole gold nanoantenna coupled to active plasmonic devices was used at THz for WiMAX network applications. Multiple Dark-Bright soliton conversion control propagating within a modified PANDA ring resonator to generated dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM).The system results illustrated multi wavelength Dark-Bright soliton generation and the frequency obtained in multi THz frequency to broadcast the data to transmitter for all receivers. In this approach, the muti THz frequency provides a reliable frequency band for the future planar lightwave circuit (PLCs) based on DWDM optical link with Wi-Fi, WiMAX, Ubiquitous, and many applications.

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10

Myara, M., P. Signoret, J. P. Tourrenc, J. P. Perez, B. Orsal, R. Alabedra, and J. Jacquet. "Competition Noise in DBR Tunable Lasers." Fluctuation and Noise Letters 03, no. 03 (September 2003): L289—L294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219477503001385.

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Tunable Lasers are key-components for Wavelength Division Multiplexing optical communication applications at 1.55μ m . In this paper, we report the study of low to mid frequency noise power spectral densities and correlation factors in various spectral purity configurations, using the Bragg section tunability around a mode-hopping situation.

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11

Yu, Xiujuan, Xue Dong, Xuefeng Chen, Chao Tian, and Shengchun Liu. "Large-Scale Multilongitudinal Mode Fiber Laser Sensor Array With Wavelength/Frequency Division Multiplexing." Journal of Lightwave Technology 35, no. 11 (June 1, 2017): 2299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2017.2657003.

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12

Wang Jing, 王晶, 曹子峥 Cao Zizheng, 周慧 Zhou Hui, 董泽 Dong Ze, and 陈林 Chen Lin. "A Wavelength Division Multiplexing Radio-Over-Fiber System with 58 GHz Optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Millimeter-Wave Signal." Acta Optica Sinica 30, no. 5 (2010): 1274–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos20103005.1274.

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13

Nakagawa, Ken’ichi, and Atsushi Onae. "Developments of Optical Frequency Standards for Wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) Optical Fiber Communication Systems." IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials 124, no. 1 (2004): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms.124.52.

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14

Torres-Company, Víctor, and Lawrence R. Chen. "Radio-frequency waveform generator with time-multiplexing capabilities based on multi-wavelength pulse compression." Optics Express 17, no. 25 (November 24, 2009): 22553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.17.022553.

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15

Mitsolidou, Charoula, Christos Vagionas, Agapi Mesodiakaki, Pavlos Maniotis, George Kalfas, Chris G. H. Roeloffzen, Paul W. L. van Dijk, Ruud M. Oldenbeuving, Amalia Miliou, and Nikos Pleros. "A 5G C-RAN Optical Fronthaul Architecture for Hotspot Areas Using OFDM-Based Analog IFoF Waveforms." Applied Sciences 9, no. 19 (September 28, 2019): 4059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9194059.

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Analog fronthauling is currently promoted as a bandwidth and energy-efficient solution that can meet the requirements of the Fifth Generation (5G) vision for low latency, high data rates and energy efficiency. In this paper, we propose an analog optical fronthaul 5G architecture, fully aligned with the emerging Centralized-Radio Access Network (C-RAN) concept. The proposed architecture exploits the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technique and multicarrier intermediate-frequency-over-fiber (IFoF) signal generation per wavelength in order to satisfy the demanding needs of hotspot areas. Particularly, the fronthaul link employs photonic integrated circuit (PIC)-based WDM optical transmitters (Txs) at the baseband unit (BBU), while novel reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers (ROADMs) cascaded in an optical bus are used at the remote radio head (RRH) site, to facilitate reconfigurable wavelength switching functionalities up to 4 wavelengths. An aggregate capacity of 96 Gb/s has been reported by exploiting two WDM links carrying multi-IF band orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals at a baud rate of 0.5 Gbd with sub-carrier (SC) modulation of 64-QAM. All signals exhibited error vector magnitude (EVM) values within the acceptable 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) limits of 8%. The longest reach to place the BBU away from the hotspot was also investigated, revealing acceptable EVM performance for fiber lengths up to 4.8 km.

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16

Chauhan, Anu, Arti Vaish, and Ashu Verma. "To Decrease Maintenance Issues using FWM in Ultradense WDM Systems and Enhancing Optimum Placement of Optical Phase Conjugation." Journal of Optical Communications 41, no. 4 (April 28, 2020): 421–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2017-0202.

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AbstractIn this work, a maintenance issues resolved suppression method of four-wave mixing (FWM) is proposed using optical phase conjugation (OPC) modules and different placements of OPCs are investigated in ultradense wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system with coherent orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) incorporation. Moreover, comparison of the placements of OPC in six different cases has been done and compared with conventional WDM (no-OPC) system in terms of Q-factor, BER and induced FWM. Analysis has been done at different launched power levels. It is observed that placement of OPC after each laser source performs exceptionally well and suppresses FWM with ease of maintenance.

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17

Monga, Himanshu, and R. S. Kaler. "Implementation and performance analysis of a new family of coherent 3-dimensional space/phase/frequency spread optical code for OCDMA networks." JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 3, no. 2 (March 28, 2014): 232–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v3i2.3106.

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In his paper, we have demonstrated the feasibility of a spectrally efficient wavelength-division-multiplexing-compatible optical code-division multiple-access system using 16 phase-locked laser lines within a 40-GHz tunable window as frequency and an ultrahigh frequency resolution spectral phase encoderâ€“decoder. Coding and decoding slots using binary [0,Ï€ ] phase chips were demonstrated for four users at 5 Gb/s, and a single coded signal was separated from four copropagating signals, with bit-error rate <10 -9.

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18

Wang, Hui Bo, and Zhi Quan Li. "Research on Modulation Multiplexing System and Technique Employing Tilted Grating." Applied Mechanics and Materials 397-400 (September 2013): 1643–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.397-400.1643.

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A dual demodulation technique based on tilted grating and InGaAs photodiode array is proposed; using the coupling modes of the cladding, a wavelength demodulation method with the tilted grating as the spectroscopic device is realized. This method can achieve that the demodulation of the channel in which the sensing information changed and the optimization of collection rules of the system. Two tunable F-P filters scan and demodulate the sensing path simultaneously to further improve the system response speed. Simulation analysis and experiments results indicate that the average demodulation time is 40ms and the average signal frequency can reach 15Hz. In addition, the demodulation bandwidth is 40nm, and its wavelength demodulation precision can reach 20pm. The system has advantages of the shorter delay time, and the demodulation time is immune to the number of channels, etc.. Therefore, this system is able to meet the smart requirement of some complex systems and large scale distributed intelligent system.

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19

Guillen Bonilla, Guillen Bonilla, Rodríguez Betancourtt, Casillas Zamora, Sánchez Morales, Gildo Ortiz, and Guillen Bonilla. "Signal Analysis, Signal Demodulation and Numerical Simulation of a Quasi-Distributed Optical Fiber Sensor Based on FDM/WDM Techniques and Fabry-Pérot Interferometers." Sensors 19, no. 8 (April 12, 2019): 1759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19081759.

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In civil engineering quasi-distributed optical fiber sensors are used for reinforced concrete monitoring, precast concrete monitoring, temperature monitoring, strain monitoring and temperature/strain monitoring. These quasi-distributed sensors necessarily apply some multiplexing technique. However, on many occasions, two or more multiplexing techniques are combined to increase the number of local sensors and then the cost of each sensing point is reduced. In this work, a signal analysis and a new signal demodulation algorithm are reported for a quasi-distributed optic fiber sensor system based on Frequency Division Multiplexing/Wavelength Division Multiplexing (FDM/WDM) and low-precision Fabry-Pérot interferometers. The mathematical analysis and the new algorithm optimize its design, its implementation, improve its functionality and reduce the cost per sensing point. The analysis was corroborated by simulating a quasi-distributed sensor in operation. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation are in concordance. The optimization considers multiplexing techniques, signal demodulation, physical parameters, system noise, instrumentation, and detection technique. Based on our analysis and previous results reported, the optical sensing system can have more than 4000 local sensors and it has practical applications in civil engineering.

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20

Chen Xiang, 陈祥, 阚瑞峰 Kan Ruifeng, 杨晨光 Yang Chenguang, 胡迈 Hu Mai, 姚路 Yao Lu, 范雪丽 Fan Xueli, 何亚柏 He Yabai, 裴晓凡 Pei Xiaofan, and 刘建国 Liu Jianguo. "Concentration Measurements of NO2 and NH3 Based on Wavelength-Modulation Frequency-Division-Multiplexing Spectroscopic Technique." Acta Optica Sinica 38, no. 5 (2018): 0512004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos201838.0512004.

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21

TAHARA, Tatsuki, Yuki TAKAHASHI, and Yasuhiko ARAI. "Single-Shot Three-Wavelength Digital Holography Using Spatial Frequency-Division Multiplexing and Spatial Bandwidth Enhancement." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 84, no. 1 (January 5, 2018): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.84.85.

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22

Белкин, М. Е. "Исследование статических и динамических характеристик сплавного VCSEL C-диапазона в режиме оптико-электрического преобразователя." Письма в журнал технической физики 44, no. 1 (2018): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/pjtf.2018.01.45433.16998.

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AbstractThe results of an experimental study for a long wavelength vertical cavity surface-emitting laser of a wafer-fused construction as an effective resonant cavity enhanced photodetector of analog optical signals are described. The device is of interest for a number of promising microwave photonics applications and for creation of a low-cost photoreceiver in a high-speed fiber optics telecommunication system with dense wavelength division multiplexing. The schematic of the testbed, the original technique allowing to calculate the passband of the built-in optical cavity, and the results of measuring dark current, current responsivity, amplitude- and phase-frequency characteristics during the process of photo-detection are demonstrated.

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23

Sharma, Abhishek, Sushank Chaudhary, Deepika Thakur, and Vigneswaran Dhasratan. "A Cost-Effective High-Speed Radio over Fibre System for Millimeter Wave Applications." Journal of Optical Communications 41, no. 2 (March 26, 2020): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2017-0166.

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AbstractsFuture 5 G networks can enhance their wireless capacity and speed by effectively using high-frequency millimetre waves. Radio over fibres (RoF) is the promising technology to deliver millimetre waves over optical fibres as it integrates radio domain with wireless domain. The current study employed cost-effective non-return to zero scheme to encode 10 Gbps – 60 GHz data and wavelength division multiplexing scheme to transmit four channels over 60 km optical fibre link.

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24

Wang, Hui Bo. "Experiment and Analysis System without Modulation Locked Fiber Grating System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 3886–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.3886.

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High stability of semiconductor lasers have been shown useful in many applications areas,[such as optical communication, high-resolution spectroscopy quantum metrology, laser cooling and trapping[. With the rapid development of fiber optic dense wavelength division multiplexing system, we require laser source with high frequency stability in 1.5μm band. In this paper It is clear that temperature, cavity length and injection current have effects on frequency stability of FBG external cavity semiconductor laser by simulation experiments. Besides that, the frequency stabilization system is adjusted. Therefore, the frequency jitter spectra before and after locking are given and the experimental results are analyzed. The results show that after locking laser the typical frequency jitter is significantly improved comparing with frequency fluctuation in the condition of free running.

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25

Montalvo, J., J. M. Baptista, C. Vázquez, J. L. Santos, and D. S. Montero. "Radio-frequency self-referencing system for monitoring drop fibres in wavelength division multiplexing passive optical networks." IET Optoelectronics 4, no. 6 (December 1, 2010): 226–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-opt.2009.0070.

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26

Fang, Wei Jin, and Xu Guang Huang. "Transmission of multibands wired and wireless orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signals using a full-duplex dense wavelength division multiplexing radio-over-fiber system." Optical Engineering 52, no. 1 (January 4, 2013): 015003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.52.1.015003.

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27

Wang, Yiguang, Yuanquan Wang, and Nan Chi. "Experimental verification of performance improvement for a gigabit wavelength division multiplexing visible light communication system utilizing asymmetrically clipped optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing." Photonics Research 2, no. 5 (September 19, 2014): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/prj.2.000138.

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28

Diao, Zhu, Vincent T. K. Sauer, and Wayne K. Hiebert. "Integrated On-Chip Nano-Optomechanical Systems." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 26, no. 01n02 (February 17, 2017): 1740005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156417400055.

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Recent developments in integrated on-chip nano-optomechanical systems are reviewed. Silicon-based nano-optomechanical devices are fabricated by a two-step process, where the first step is a foundry-enabled photonic circuits patterning and the second step involves in-house mechanical device release. We show theoretically that the enhanced responsivity of near-field optical transduction of mechanical displacement in on-chip nano-optomechanical systems originates from the finesse of the optical cavity to which the mechanical device couples. An enhancement in responsivity of more than two orders of magnitude has been observed when compared side-by-side with free-space interferometry readout. We further demonstrate two approaches to facilitate large-scale device integration, namely, wavelength-division multiplexing and frequency-division multiplexing. They are capable of significantly simplifying the design complexity for addressing individual nano-optomechanical devices embedded in a large array.

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29

Gao, Xin-Xia, Jin-Ming Cui, Ming-Zhong Ai, Yun-Feng Huang, Chuan-Feng Li, and Guang-Can Guo. "An Acoustic Sensor Based on Active Fiber Fabry–Pérot Microcavities." Sensors 20, no. 20 (October 11, 2020): 5760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20205760.

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We demonstrate an active acoustic sensor based on a high-finesse fiber Fabry–Pérot micro-cavity with a gain medium. The sensor is a compacted device lasing around 1535 nm by external optical pumping. The acoustic pressure acting on the sensor disturbs the emitted laser frequency, which is subsequently transformed to beat signals through a delay-arm interferometer, and directly detected by a photo-detector. In this configuration, the sensing device exhibits a high sensitivity of 2.6 V/Pa and a noise equivalent acoustic signal level of 230 μPa/Hz1/2 at a frequency of 4 kHz. Experimental results provide a wide frequency response from 100 Hz to 18 kHz. As the sensor works at communication wavelength and the output laser can be electrically tuned in the 10 nm range, a multi-sensor network can be easily constructed with the dense wavelength division multiplexing devices. Extra lasers or demodulators are unnecessary thus the proposed sensor is low cost and easy fabrication. The proposed sensor shows broad applications prospect in remote oil and gas leakage exploration, photo-acoustic spectrum detection, and sound source location.

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30

Pinkert, T. J., O. Böll, L. Willmann, G. S. M. Jansen, E. A. Dijck, B. G. H. M. Groeneveld, R. Smets, et al. "Effect of soil temperature on optical frequency transfer through unidirectional dense-wavelength-division-multiplexing fiber-optic links." Applied Optics 54, no. 4 (January 23, 2015): 728. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.54.000728.

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31

Mathur, Tushar, Gokhan Sahin, and Donald R. Ucci. "A Performance Comparison of Centralized and Distributed Spectrum Management Techniques in Elastic Optical Networks." Journal of Engineering 2019 (January 1, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3860685.

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Elastic optical networks (EONs) have emerged to provide higher spectrum efficiency than traditional Dense Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing (DWDM) by utilizing enabling technologies such as flexible spectrum grid, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), and distance adaptive rate and modulation. The choice of the control-plane is an important consideration when deploying any new technology, especially in optical networks. This paper considers generic distributed and centralized spectrum assignment policies in conjunction with the accompanying connection set-up signaling protocols in EONs. A network simulator for Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching (GMPLS) was developed with Forward Reservation Protocol and Backward Reservation Protocol signaling methods. These signaling techniques are used with the First Fit (FF) and Random Fit (RF) Routing and Spectrum Allocation (RSA) algorithms. The paper discusses control elements (central and distributed architectures) decisions under busy hour and normal network conditions and presents a comprehensive performance analysis of key performance metrics such as connection success rate, connection establishment time, and capacity requirement.

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32

Nazneen, Rifat, and Ebad Zahir. "Simulated Performance Analysis of an Optical Frequency Comb in a WDM System." AIUB Journal of Science and Engineering (AJSE) 16, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.53799/ajse.v16i1.32.

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This paper presents the research work for a proposed novel scheme for generating a flat and equally spaced optical frequency comb using a simulated layout using Optisystem. Three pump sources at 1 nm wavelength apart are injected along with a 25 GHz RF signal having different amplitudes into a cascade of Dual-Drive Mach-Zehnder Modulator and Electro-Absorption Modulator and multiple highly nonlinear fiber loops. The initial scheme is using Four Wave - Mixing and yields a comb of 27 lines with uneven gain and a 6 dBm power deviation. After characterizing the response by exploring critical parameters such as pump power, frequency spacing, dispersion effect, Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier and DC bias of the modulators, the researchers were able to reduce the power deviation down to 2 dBm at the expense of some comb lines. This final optimized scheme was then evaluated for a preliminary Wavelength Division Multiplexing setup having only five channels/modes at 10 Gb/s for a channel length of 1 km. Each of the received de-multiplexed channels was evaluated through recorded data in the form of Bit Error Rate and Quality-factor and the final results are shown to be quite promising.

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33

Rao, Y. J., Z. L. Ran, and C. X. Zhou. "Fiber-optic Fabry-Perot sensors based on a combination of spatial-frequency division multiplexing and wavelength division multiplexing formed by chirped fiber Bragg grating pairs." Applied Optics 45, no. 23 (August 10, 2006): 5815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.45.005815.

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34

Jin, Wenling, Hui Zhang, Mai Hu, Mengpeng Hu, Yubin Wei, Jingqiu Liang, Ruifeng Kan, and Qiang Wang. "A Robust Optical Sensor for Remote Multi-Species Detection Combining Frequency-Division Multiplexing and Normalized Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy." Sensors 21, no. 4 (February 4, 2021): 1073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041073.

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By combining frequency-division multiplexing and normalized wavelength modulation spectroscopy, a robust remote multi-species sensor was developed and demonstrated for practical hydrocarbon monitoring. Independently modulated laser beams are combined to simultaneously interrogate different gas samples using an open-ended centimeter-size multipass cell. Gas species of interest are demodulated with the second harmonics to enhance sensitivity, and high immunity to laser power variation is achieved by normalizing to the corresponding first harmonics. Performance of the optical sensor was experimentally evaluated using methane (CH4) and acetylene (C2H2) samples, which were separated by a 3-km fiber cable from the laser source. Sub-ppm sensitivity with 1-s time resolution was achieved for both gas species. Moreover, even with large laser intensity fluctuations ranging from 0 to 6 dB, the noise can be kept within 1.38 times as much as that of a stable intensity case. The reported spectroscopic technique would provide a promising optical sensor for remote monitoring of multi hazardous gases with high robustness.

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35

Mrabet, Hichem. "A Performance Analysis of a Hybrid OCDMA-PON Configuration Based on IM/DD Fast-OFDM Technique for Access Network." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21 (October 30, 2020): 7690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217690.

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The purpose of this article is to propose a new configuration based on OCDMA and Fast-OFDM techniques for access network applications. A hybrid intensity modulation with direct detection, fast orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing–code division multiplexing access (IM/DD Fast-OFDM-CDMA) system is analytically and numerically evaluated for an amplifier-free access network. Therefore, system performance is analytically investigated in terms of bit error rate/Q-factor as a function of simultaneous users, fiber length and launched optical power. Firstly, the proposed analytical model includes the overlapping effect among OFDM subcarriers, the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), and multiple access interference (MAI). Secondly, a simulation setup is performed, allowing four simultaneous users operating at 40 Gb/s in a passive optical network (PON) context. Furthermore, a power budget analysis is made between IM/DD Fast-OFDM-CDMA, all-optical IM/DD OFDM-CDMA (IM/DD AO-OFDM-CDMA) and OCDMA wavelength division multiplexing (OCDMA-WDM) configurations. It is shown that at 40 Gb/s and by using 2D-hybrid coding (2D-HC), the maximum achievable transmission-reach of IM/DD Fast-OFDM-CDMA is 142 km, which is 34 km and 60 km higher than those provided by the IM/DD AO-OFDM-OCDMA and OCDMA-WDM PON configurations, respectively.

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36

Oh, Daniel B., Mark E. Paige, and David S. Bomse. "Frequency modulation multiplexing for simultaneous detection of multiple gases by use of wavelength modulation spectroscopy with diode lasers." Applied Optics 37, no. 12 (April 20, 1998): 2499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.37.002499.

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37

Watanabe, S., T. Kato, R. Okabe, R. Elschner, R. Ludwig, and C. Schubert. "All-Optical Data Frequency Multiplexing on Single-Wavelength Carrier Light by Sequentially Provided Cross-Phase Modulation in Fiber." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 18, no. 2 (March 2012): 577–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jstqe.2011.2111358.

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Cuesta-Quintero, F. R., G. Puerto-Leguizamón, D. W. Rico-Bautista, B. Cuesta-Quintero, and L. A. Coronel-Rojas. "Design of a hybrid transmission system using wavelength division multiplexing and subcarrier under the frequency frame for 5G." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1513 (March 2020): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1513/1/012008.

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Hengesbach, Stefan, Sarah Klein, Martin Traub, and Ulrich Witte. "Simultaneous frequency stabilization, wavelength multiplexing and improvement of beam quality using a self-optimizing external cavity diode laser." Optics Letters 41, no. 3 (January 29, 2016): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.41.000595.

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Hu, Hao, and Leif K. Oxenløwe. "Chip-based optical frequency combs for high-capacity optical communications." Nanophotonics 10, no. 5 (February 3, 2021): 1367–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0561.

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AbstractCurrent fibre optic communication systems owe their high-capacity abilities to the wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) technique, which combines data channels running on different wavelengths, and most often requires many individual lasers. Optical frequency combs, with equally spaced coherent comb lines derived from a single source, have recently emerged as a potential substitute for parallel lasers in WDM systems. Benefits include the stable spacing and broadband phase coherence of the comb lines, enabling improved spectral efficiency of transmission systems, as well as potential energy savings in the WDM transmitters. In this paper, we discuss the requirements to a frequency comb for use in a high-capacity optical communication system in terms of optical linewidth, per comb line power and optical carrier-to-noise ratio, and look at the scaling of a comb source for ultra-high capacity systems. Then, we review the latest advances of various chip-based optical frequency comb generation schemes and their applications in optical communications, including mode-locked laser combs, spectral broadening of frequency combs, microresonator-based Kerr frequency combs and electro-optic frequency combs.

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Liu, Zichen, Chao Li, Jin Tao, and Shaohua Yu. "Programmable High-Resolution Spectral Processor in C-band Enabled by Low-Cost Compact Light Paths." Photonics 7, no. 4 (December 7, 2020): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics7040127.

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The flexible photonics spectral processor (PSP) is an indispensable element for elastic optical transmission networks that adopt wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology. The resolution and system cost are two vital metrics when developing a PSP. In this paper, a high-resolution 1 × 6 programmable PSP is investigated and experimentally demonstrated by using low-cost compact spatial light paths, which is enabled by a 2 K (1080p) liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) and two cascaded transmission gratings with a 1000 line/mm resolution. For each wavelength channel, the filtering bandwidth and power attenuation can be manipulated independently. The total insertion loss (IL) for six ports is in the range of 5.9~9.4 dB over the full C-band. The achieved 3-dB bandwidths are able to adjust from 6.2 GHz to 5 THz. Furthermore, multiple system experiments utilizing the proposed PSP, such as flexible spectral shaping and optical frequency comb generation, are carried out to validate the feasibility for the WDM systems.

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Thakur, Aditi, and Shaina Nagpal. "Performance Evaluation of Different Optical Amplifiers in Spectrum Sliced Free Space Optical Link." Journal of Optical Communications 41, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2017-0120.

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Abstract Free space optics (FSO) is well-competent and premier technology to cater the high speed services in different geographical areas such as hilly areas and inter building network. In this paper, we successfully demonstrated the spectrum sliced wavelength division multiplexed FSO system. In order to make system bandwidth efficient, frequency spacing of 75 GHz is taken among the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) channels. Carrier spectrum broadening is achieved for spectrum slicing through the nonlinearity called self-phase modulation. Moreover, requirement of multiple laser sources is eliminated. However, in conventional WDM systems, n numbers of lasers are needed to generate n WDM channels. To strengthen the signal in this FSO system, three optical amplifiers are scrutinized such as erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA), semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and Raman amplifier in terms of Q-factor and bit error rate (BER). Results revealed that EDFA is best amplifier in proposed SS-WDM-FSO system.

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Anashkina, Elena A., Maria P. Marisova, Toms Salgals, Janis Alnis, Ilya Lyashuk, Gerd Leuchs, Sandis Spolitis, Vjaceslavs Bobrovs, and Alexey V. Andrianov. "Optical Frequency Combs Generated in Silica Microspheres in the Telecommunication C-, U-, and E-Bands." Photonics 8, no. 9 (August 25, 2021): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8090345.

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Optical frequency combs (OFCs) generated in microresonators with whispering gallery modes are demanded for different applications including telecommunications. Extending operating spectral ranges is an important problem for wavelength-division multiplexing systems based on microresonators. We demonstrate experimentally three spectrally separated OFCs in the C-, U-, and E-bands in silica microspheres which, in principle, can be used for telecommunication applications. For qualitative explanation of the OFC generation in the sidebands, we calculated gain coefficients and gain bandwidths for degenerate four-wave mixing (FWM) processes. We also attained a regime when the pump frequency was in the normal dispersion range and only two OFCs were generated. The first OFC was near the pump frequency and the second Raman-assisted OFC with a soliton-like spectrum was in the U-band. Numerical simulation based on the Lugiato–Lefever equation was performed to support this result and demonstrate that the Raman-assisted OFC may be a soliton.

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Maru, Koichi. "Two-dimensional spatially encoded cross-sectional velocity distribution measurements based on coherent bias-frequency encoding and wavelength-division multiplexing." Optics Communications 485 (April 2021): 126740. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2020.126740.

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Pandey, Gaurav, and Aditya Goel. "Performance analysis of long reach colorless wavelength division multiplexed-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing-passive optical network with broadcast capability." Optical Engineering 55, no. 7 (June 30, 2016): 076101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.55.7.076101.

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Chang, Ching-Hung, Wei-Chen Liu, Peng-Chun Peng, Hai-Han Lu, Po-Yi Wu, and Jyun-Bo Wang. "Hybrid cable television and orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing transport system basing on single wavelength polarization and amplitude remodulation schemes." Optics Letters 36, no. 9 (April 29, 2011): 1716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.36.001716.

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Polyakov, A. V., and T. D. Prokopenkova. "QUASI-DISTRIBUTED FIBER-OPTIC RECIRCULATING SYSTEM FOR TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT BASED ON WAVELENGTH-DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNOLOGIES." Devices and Methods of Measurements 8, no. 2 (June 9, 2017): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2220-9506-2017-8-2-131-141.

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Providing quality and reliable operation as well as temperature monitoring of modern systems are directly related on the use of innovative fiber optic technology based on the concept of so-called distributed and quasi-distributed sensors having large linear dimensions, in which the optical fiber is both sensor and data channel. Existing fiber optic sensors based on stimulated Raman scattering and stimulated Brillouin scattering have relatively high measurement error, long and complicated measurement method, high cost. The purpose of this paper was to develop an automated quasi-distributed fiber optic recirculating temperature measurement system using wavelength division multiplexing technology. Measurement method based on the registration arising due to temperature changes of the frequency of single optical pulses recirculating at adjacent wavelengths. Thus there is a periodic signal restoration on waveform, amplitude and duration. The sensing element is a segment of a multimode silica fiber coated with metal, separated spectrally selective elements, which are mainly offered to use dichroic mirrors. With the help of the developed mathematical model that takes into account the temperature dependence of the coefficient of linear expansion and Young’s modulus of the fiber, the spectral and temperature dependence of the refractive index, the chemical composition of the fibers, the type of metal coating system response function was calculated, which allows to evaluate the sensitivity and measurement accuracy. These studies determined: number of measuring sections (8), the maximal measured temperature (500 °C), the sensitivity (3,28 Hz/°C), the measurement error (±0,2 °C), and the optimum beginning time measurement after starting circulation (15 min), and counting time of the frequency meter (1 s). Carried out estimations have shown that the proposed measuring system can outperform existing analogues on set specifications.

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Du, Shuo, Zhe Liu, Chi Sun, Wei Zhu, Guangzhou Geng, Haitao Ye, Junjie Li, and Changzhi Gu. "Cross-nanofin-based waveplate pixels for broadband hybrid polarization coding in near-field." Nanophotonics 10, no. 5 (February 23, 2021): 1505–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0621.

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Abstract As an inherent characteristic of light, polarization plays important roles in information storage, display and even encryption. Metasurfaces, composed of specifically designed subwavelength units in a two-dimensional plane, offer a great convenience for polarization manipulation, yet improving their integrability and broadband fidelity remain significant challenges. Here, based on the combination of various subwavelength cross-nanofins (CNs), a new type of metasurface for multichannel hybrid polarization distribution in near-field is proposed. Sub-wavelength CN units with various waveplate (WP) functionalities, such as frequency-division multiplexing WP, half-WP and quarter-WP are implemented with high efficiency in broadband. High-resolution grayscale image encryption, multi-image storage and rapid polarization detection are demonstrated by encoding the WP pixels into single, double and four channels, respectively. All these applications possess good fidelity in an ultrabroad wavelength band from 1.2 to 1.9 µm, and the high degree of integrability, easy fabrication and multifunction make the CN-shaped WP pixels a promising candidate in optical device miniaturization, quantum applications and imaging technologies.

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Chuang, Yi-Chen, Tze-An Liu, Wei-Jo Ting, Hsin-Feng Chen, Yuh-Chuan Cheng, Po-Er Hsu, and Jin-Long Peng. "Compact and portable 100-GHz microresonator-based optical frequency comb generation system for dense wavelength division multiplexing fiber optic communication." Optical Engineering 55, no. 10 (October 19, 2016): 100503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.55.10.100503.

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Fang, Wei Jin, Xu Guang Huang, Kai Yang, and Xiao Min Zhang. "Full duplex dense-wavelength-division-multiplexing radio-over-fiber system transmission of 75-GHz W-band frequency multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing signals with 3×12 Gbps downstream and 6 Gbps upstream." Optical Engineering 51, no. 9 (September 17, 2012): 095004–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.51.9.095004.

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