Journal articles: 'Waveguide component'

1

En, De, Jie Yu Feng, Ning Bo Zhang, Ning Ning Wang, and Xiao Bin Wang. "Research on Transmission Loss of Optical Waveguide in Three-Component Acceleration Seismic Geophone." Applied Mechanics and Materials 143-144 (December 2011): 644–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.143-144.644.

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The optical waveguides are produced in LiNbO3 substrate of three-component acceleration seismic geophone by lithography. Three-component acceleration seismic geophone detects changes in the external acceleration by detecting phase changes in the optical waveguides. The performance of optical waveguide directly affects the performance of three-component acceleration seismic geophone. Therefore, it is critical to measure and reduce the transmission loss of waveguides. The advantages and disadvantages of LiNbO3 crystal are introduced. The production process of Ti:LiNbO3 optical waveguide and its performance are presented. Some information about the types of transmission loss of optical waveguide and the measurement methods of optical waveguide loss are provided.

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Gomez-Torrent, Adrian, and Joachim Oberhammer. "Micromachined Waveguide Interposer for the Characterization of Multi-port Sub-THz Devices." Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves 41, no. 3 (January 8, 2020): 245–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10762-019-00663-4.

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AbstractThis paper reports for the first time on a micromachined interposer platform for characterizing highly miniaturized multi-port sub-THz waveguide components. The reduced size of such devices does often not allow to connect them to conventional waveguide flanges. We demonstrate the micromachined interposer concept by characterizing a miniaturized, three-port, 220–330-GHz turnstile orthomode transducer. The interposer contains low-loss micromachined waveguides for routing the ports of the device under test to standard waveguide flanges and integrated micromachined matched loads for terminating the unused ports. In addition to the interposer, the measurement setup consists of a micromachined square-to-rectangular waveguide transition. These two devices enable the characterization of such a complex microwave component in four different configurations with a standard two-port measurement setup. In addition, the design of the interposer allows for independent characterization of its sub-components and, thus, for accurate de-embedding from the measured data, as demonstrated in this paper. The measurement setup can be custom-designed for each silicon micromachined device under test and co-fabricated in the same wafer due to the batch nature of this process. The solution presented here avoids the need of CNC-milled test-fixtures or waveguide pieces that deteriorate the performance of the device under test and reduce the measurement accuracy.

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NICKELSON, L., S. ASMONTAS, V. MALISAUSKAS, and R. MARTAVICIUS. "The dependence of open cylindrical magnetoactive p-Ge and p-Si plasma waveguide mode cutoff frequencies on hole concentrations." Journal of Plasma Physics 75, no. 1 (February 2009): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377808007307.

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AbstractIn this article we give the solution of Maxwell's equations for the open circular cylindrical magnetoactive semiconductor plasma (-gyrotropy) waveguides. We describe the method that allowed us to arrive at a dispersion equation for the electrodynamical analyses of open circular cylindrical plasma (OCCP) waveguides. We numerically investigate the main and two higher modes' dispersion characteristics of p-Ge and p-Si waveguides placed in an external constant longitudinal magnetic field at several concentrations of two component hole charge carriers. We analyse the cutoff frequency and other electrodynamical characteristics of helicon modes with the left-handed (e+iϕ) circular polarization. We discover that the cutoff frequencies of the main mode and the working frequency range of OCCP p-Ge and p-Si waveguides are moving continuously towards the direction of higher frequencies when the hole concentration is increasing. We determine that the central frequency of the p-Si plasma waveguide is higher and its broadbandwidth is larger compared with the analogical p-Ge waveguide. We also numerically investigate the helicon mode cutoff frequencies of the infinitive p-Ge and p-Si plasma at several concentrations of two component hole charge carriers. We compare the cutoff frequencies of the helicon modes propagating in the infinite plasma and in the OCCP waveguides.

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Kumar, Sushil, Gaurav Sharma, Gulab Chand Yadav, Vivek Singh, and Abhay Kumar Singh. "A novel method of plasmon coupled optical waveguide for aerosol sensor-=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-." Оптика и спектроскопия 129, no. 11 (2021): 1425. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/os.2021.11.51650.1014-21.

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The tropospheric aerosol characterization is important for understanding environmental process as well as human health safety. In this study, the surface plasmon resonance sensor is proposed for the detection of ammonium sulfate which is an important component of aerosols. The reflectivity of proposed sensor waveguides is calculated as a function of the incident angle using the transfer matrix method. The performance of proposed sensors having sol-gel film of tetraethylorthosilane and thymolblue are studied and compared. Firstly, the dispersion characteristics are obtained for different modes, and it is observed that the modes are tightly bound in thymol blue waveguide in comparison to tetraethylorthosilane waveguide. Further, the magnetic field distributions are also studied and compared for proposed waveguide sensor configurations. It is found that the sol-gel film of thymol blue waveguide provides high sensitivity while tetraethylorthosilane waveguide shows high figure of merit. Keywords: aerosol, surface plasmon resonance sensor; reflectivity, sensitivity, detection accuracy.

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Kumar Sushil, Sharma Gaurav, Yadav Gulab Chand, Singh Vivek, and Singh Abhay Kumar. "A novel method of plasmon coupled optical waveguide for aerosol sensor." Optics and Spectroscopy 130, no. 14 (2022): 2142. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/eos.2022.14.54000.1014-21.

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The tropospheric aerosol characterization is important for understanding environmental process as well as human health safety. In this study, the surface plasmon resonance sensor is proposed for the detection of ammonium sulfate which is an important component of aerosols. The reflectivity of proposed sensor waveguides is calculated as a function of the incident angle using the transfer matrix method. The performance of proposed sensors having sol-gel film of tetraethylorthosilane and thymolblue are studied and compared. Firstly, the dispersion characteristics are obtained for different modes, and it is observed that the modes are tightly bound in thymol blue waveguide in comparison to tetraethylorthosilane waveguide. Further, the magnetic field distributions are also studied and compared for proposed waveguide sensor configurations. It is found that the sol-gel film of thymol blue waveguide provides high sensitivity while tetraethylorthosilane waveguide shows high figure of merit. Keywords: aerosol, surface plasmon resonance sensor, reflectivity, sensitivity, detection accuracy.

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Wang, Fengtao, Fuhan Liu, Gee-Kung Chang, Mathew Q. Yao, Ali Adibi, and Rao Tummala. "A Real-Time Precision Characterization Technique for Low-Loss Optical Polymeric Waveguide and Lightwave Circuits." Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/1551-4897-5.1.26.

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An optical polymer waveguide is a key passive component for the optical interconnection. Design, fabrication, and characterization of high-performance waveguides have critical importance for the success of optoelectronic integration. In addition, defect effects, coupling, leakages, crosstalk, etc. are great concerns for the lightwave circuits. We present herein a fast, nondestructive, sensitive, real-time technique for detailed investigation of the propagation properties of planar optical waveguides and lightwave circuits. We use this technique to measure low-loss polymer waveguides on printed circuit board (PCB) substrates, and we have measured propagation losses of 0.065 dB/cm at 850 nm and 0.046 dB/cm at 980 nm. To the best of our knowledge, these are among the lowest losses reported to date for polymer waveguides on PCB substrates. A high-sensitivity CCD camera with a built-in integration function is utilized to observe the light streak in two dimensions through a two-lens imaging system. A few seconds to a few tens of seconds is needed for one complete measurement, compared with the sliding prism method, which requires several hours, and the cutback method, which requires even longer times. This technique can be used to evaluate not only the overall performance of a waveguide but also the local waveguide performance, as well as perform in-situ investigation of propagation properties (defect effect, bending effect, coupling, leakage, etc.). It can be extended to monitor the process of waveguide fabrication and alignment control during assembly for lightwave circuit integration.

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Jia, Jiu Hong, Ze Hou Wang, Dai Feng Yao, and Shan-Tung Tu. "Brazing Coupling Performance of Piezoelectric Waveguide Transducers for the Monitoring of High Temperature Components." Sensors 21, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21010094.

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Piezoelectric waveguide transducers possess great potential for the online monitoring of high temperature critical components, in order to improve their operational safety. Due to the use of a waveguide bar, the sensory device is not susceptible to high temperature environments, which enables the long-term service of the piezoelectric transducers. However, the coupling between the waveguide bar and the high-temperature component has been proven to be the most important part of the monitoring system. In order to effectively transmit waves through the junction of the waveguide bar and the monitoring target, it is necessary to research a reliable coupling method to connect the waveguide transducers with the host structure. In the present research, the feasibility of brazing coupling for wave propagation through the junction was investigated through experiments. Piezoelectric waveguide transducers were welded using various kinds of brazing filler metals. The experimental results indicate that the coupling effects of the brazing welding depend on the filler metals. At the same time, some filler metals for the effective coupling of the transducer and the target monitoring component were identified. The brazing coupling method was verified that it can non-dispersively and effectively propagate waves into the host structure with much better reliability than the conventional dry coupling approach. Moreover, the high-temperature experimental results show that the brazing-coupled waveguide bar system can work reliably and stably in high temperatures at 300 °C for a long time. This work strives to pave a solid foundation for the application of piezoelectric waveguide transducers for the structural health monitoring of high temperature critical components.

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Truong, Tran Xuan, Nguyen Minh Hue, and Phung Dinh Hoat. "Edge Effects of Truncated Dirac Solitons in Binary Waveguide Arrays." Communications in Physics 27, no. 3 (November 18, 2017): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0868-3166/27/3/10653.

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We investigate the edge eﬀects of the optical analogue of the quantum relativistic Dirac solitons in binary waveguide arrays with Kerr nonlinearity when one tail of the Dirac soliton is truncated. We show that if the outermost waveguide of the binary waveguide array hosts the intense component of the truncated Dirac soliton, then Dirac soliton will be repeatedly bent towards the binary waveguide array edge. In the contrast, if the outermost waveguide of the binary waveguide array hosts the weak component of the truncated Dirac soliton, then Dirac soliton will be pushed away from the binary waveguide array edge. To the best of our knowledge, these unique features have not been found in any other systems.

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Falah Fakhruldeen, Hassan, and Tahreer Safaa Mansour. "All-Optical NOT Gate Based on Nanoring Silver-Air Plasmonic Waveguide." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4 (October 6, 2018): 2818. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.18955.

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In this work, all-optical plasmonic NOT logic gate was proposed by using metal-insulator-metal (MIM) plasmonic waveguides design. This logic gate is numerically analyzed by COMSOL Multiphysics 5.3a. Recently, plasmonics have attracted more attention due to its huge applications in all optical signal processing. Due to it’s highly localization to metallic surfaces, surface plasmon (SP) may have many applications in sub wavelength to guide the optical signal in waveguides to overcome the diffraction limit which considered a big problem in conventional optics. The proposed design of MIM structure is consist of a dielectric waveguides plus metallic claddings, which guide the incident light strongly in the insulator region. Strong localization and relatively simple fabrication make the MIM waveguides the potential key design of Nano-scale all optical devices. Our design consists of symmetric ring structures with straight waveguides which based on MIM structure. All-optical logic gate (NOT gate) behavior is achieved from utilizing the interface between straight waveguides and ring structure waveguides. By switching the activation of the control port, the propagation of the outgoing field in the output waveguide will be changed. As the simulation results show, the proposed structure could operate as an all-optical NOT logic gate. This gate would be a potential component in many applications of all-optical signals processing.

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Girka, Igor, Roberto Bilato, and Wouter Tierens. "Azimuthal surface waves in circular metal waveguides entirely filled by two layers of plasma in axial static magnetic field." Physics of Plasmas 30, no. 2 (February 2023): 022109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0134049.

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The dispersion properties of surface-type electromagnetic waves propagating along azimuthal angles in circular metal waveguides entirely filled by two layers of plasma in an axial static magnetic field are studied. The three-component structure models plasma radial inhomogeneity and generalizes two research which was two researches which were accomplished earlier. One is a circular metal waveguide entirely filled by cold plasma in an axial static magnetic field. The other is a coaxial metal waveguide entirely filled by plasma. Introducing the additional interface between the plasma column and coaxial plasma layer causes arising of the additional root of the dispersion relation which can be of interest for practical applications. The disappearance of additional wave branches with decreasing the difference in the plasma particle densities is carefully investigated. The wave dispersion properties are demonstrated to be mostly determined by the plasma with smaller particle density.

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Glushechenko, E. M. "Particular aspects of designing longitudinal-coaxial waveguide-microstrip connectors." Технология и конструирование в электронной аппаратуре, no. 4-6 (2022): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15222/tkea2022.4-6.10.

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The authors justify the use of combined longitudinal-coaxial connectors — waveguide-coaxial or waveguide-microstrip type — in new modern antenna-feeder microwave paths. Using the example of a basic coaxial waveguide-coaxial connector based on a section of a regular rectangular waveguide, the study considers the process of converting an electromagnetic wave of a regular waveguide of the main waveguide type H10 into a transverse electromagnetic wave of a coaxial line with a wave resistance (impedance) Z0 = 50 Ohm. Such a connector allows implementing good electrical parameters — matching (standing wave ratio, SWR) and linear losses — but its design is difficult to configure and cannot be reliably reproduced. However, the basic operation principles of this connector make it possible to use it as a prototype when creating modern coaxial waveguide-coaxial or waveguide-microstrip connectors. One example of such a modern connector is the sealed longitudinal-coaxial waveguide-microstrip connector based on a segment of H-shaped waveguide, shorted by an end wall on one end. Correcting the reactive component of both inductive and capacitive nature will allow achieving the required parameters of the wave impedance of the connector. With this in mind, the author has built an inductive-capacitive system consisting of a matching element in the form of a staggered fin and a corrective element in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped. To ensure the air tightness of the connector design, the segment of the coaxial line was replaced by a sealed coaxial insert, which is a serial electronic component. Particular attention was paid to the layout and design of this sealed waveguide-microstrip connector, as well as to the calculation of the overall dimensions of its elements. The article proposes an original technique for measuring the main parameters of both waveguide-coaxial and waveguide-microstrip connectors. The author forms a mathematical model of combined type connectors based on the scattering wave matrix and presents the parameters of real hermetically sealed longitudinally coaxial waveguide-microstrip connectors based on waveguide segments of various standard sizes and measured at various frequencies.

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Zhao, Shuang, and Le Le Zhang. "Design of Millimeter-Wave Emission Component." Advanced Materials Research 1046 (October 2014): 301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1046.301.

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In recent years, with the development of millimeter-wave MMIC chip, millimeter wave technology has been widely used. The millimeter-wave transmitter front-end is designed in this paper. By using second harmonic mixers, we reduce the operating frequency of the oscillator. By using the side exit microstrip - waveguide structure, we strengthen the compact structure. Test results show that the transmitter front-end transmission power is 33dB and its transmission band is 35.5-36GHz.

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Liu, Chen-Yang, and Lien-Wen Chen. "Tunable Channel Drop Filter in a Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Modulated by a Nematic Liquid Crystal." Journal of Nanomaterials 2006 (2006): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/jnm/2006/52946.

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Photonic crystals (PCs) have many potential applications because of their ability to control light-wave propagation and because PC-based waveguides may be integrated into optical circuits. We propose a novel tunable PC channel drop filter based on nematic liquid crystals and investigate its properties numerically by using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The refractive indices of liquid crystals can be actively modulated after infiltrating nematic liquid crystals into the microcavity in PC waveguides with square lattices. Then we can control light propagation in a PC waveguide. We analyze theQ-factors and resonance frequencies of a tunable PC channel drop filter by considering various indices modulation of liquid crystals. The novel component can be used as wavelength division multiplexing in photonic integrated circuits.

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Tynchenko, Vadim, Sergei Kurashkin, Valeriya Tynchenko, Vladimir Bukhtoyarov, Vladislav Kukartsev, Roman Sergienko, Viktor Kukartsev, and Kirill Bashmur. "Mathematical Modeling of Induction Heating of Waveguide Path Assemblies during Induction Soldering." Metals 11, no. 5 (April 24, 2021): 697. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11050697.

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The waveguides used in spacecraft antenna feeders are often assembled using external couplers or flanges subject to further welding or soldering. Making permanent joints by means of induction heating has proven to be the best solution in this context. However, several physical phenomena observed in the heating zone complicate any effort to control the process of making a permanent joint by induction heating; these phenomena include flux evaporation and changes in the emissivity of the material. These processes make it difficult to measure the temperature of the heating zone by means of contactless temperature sensors. Meanwhile, contact sensors are not an option due to the high requirements regarding surface quality. Besides, such sensors take a large amount of time and human involvement to install. Thus, it is a relevant undertaking to develop mathematical models for each waveguide assembly component as well as for the entire waveguide assembly. The proposed mathematical models have been tested by experiments in kind, which have shown a great degree of consistency between model-derived estimates and experimental data. The paper also shows how to use the proposed models to test and calibrate the process of making an aluminum-alloy rectangular tube flange waveguide by induction soldering. The Russian software, SimInTech, was used in this research as the modeling environment. The approach proposed herein can significantly lower the labor and material costs of calibrating and testing the process of the induction soldering of waveguides, whether the goal is to adjust the existing process or to implement a new configuration that uses different dimensions or materials.

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Cho, Junghyun, Yejune Seo, Wonjae Shin, Eungdon Lee, and Sungtek Kahng. "Channel Selectivity of Satellite Transponders with the Antenna Combined with a Size-Reduced Metallic Waveguide Bandpass Filter Having Thin Metamaterial Resonators." Sensors 23, no. 4 (February 9, 2023): 1948. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23041948.

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Global and intercontinental networking relies on satellite communication. Its wireless communication system always has antennas and their feed assembly comprising waveguides. This makes the satellite payload heavy and costly. In this paper, a novel method is proposed to effectively reduce the size of a waveguide bandpass filter (BPF). Because the metallic cavities make the conventional waveguide end up with a large geometry, especially for high-order BPFs, very compact waveguide-type resonators having metamaterial zeroth-order resonance (WG-ZOR) are designed on the cross-section of the waveguide and substituted for the cavities. While the cavities are half-wavelength resonators, the WG-ZOR is shorter than one eighth of a wavelength. A substantial reduction in size and weight of the waveguide filter is observed as the resonators are cascaded in series through coupling elements in the X-band much longer than K- or Ka-band. An X-band of 7.25~7.75 GHz is chosen to verify the method as the passband with attenuation of 40 dB at 7.00 GHz and 8.00 GHz as the roll-off in the stopband. The BPF is manufactured using the CNC milling technique. The design is carried out with geometrical parameters, not of the level of 10 μm, but the level of 100 μm, which is good for manufacturers but a big challenge for component designers. The measurement of the manufactured metal waveguide filter reveals that the passband has about ≤1 dB and ≤−15 dB as insertion loss and reflection coefficient and the stopband has ≤−40 dB as attenuation, which are in good agreement with the results of the circuit and simulation. The proposed filter has a length of 3.5 λg as the eighth-order BPF, but the conventional waveguide is 5 λg as the seventh-order BPF for the same area of the cross-section. This metamaterial BPF is combined with a horn antenna. The filter enables the wide-band antenna to distinguish the band of transmission from that of noise suppression. This channel selectivity is obviously observed by the filter integrated antenna test.

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Bubnelis, Artūras. "MAGNETOACTIVE P-GE ROD WAVEGUIDE LOSS ANALYSIS ON THE CONCENTRATION OF TWO COMPONENT HOLE CHARGE CARRIERS / CILINDRINIŲ GIROELEKTRINIŲ P-GE BANGOLAIDŽIŲ NUOSTOLIŲ PRIKLAUSOMYBĖS NUO DVIEJŲ RŪŠIŲ KRŪVININKŲ KONCENTRACIJOS TYRIMAS." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 4, no. 1 (April 23, 2012): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2012.17.

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A new algorithm is utilized to examine the phase and attenuation constants of open dissipative epsilon- and (or) mu-gyrotropic rod waveguides. Our algorithm allows analyzing the waveguides made of materials having very high losses. The dispersion characteristics of p-Ge with a waveguide of two component hole charge carriers are calculated when the ratio of heavy hole concentration in the material is equal to 5%, 50% and 95% of the total free carrier concentration. The effective mass of p-Ge heavy and light holes are 0.279me and 0.043me respectively. The dispersion characteristics of the main and eight higher modes are presented in the paper. The transformation of higher hybrid modes at some heavy hole concentrations can be noticed. Waveguide broad bandwidth can be considerably extended due to the fact that the losses of higher modes are larger in comparison to those of the main mode at certain heavy hole concentration. Santrauka Darbe pateikiami dviejų rūšių krūvininkų (lengvųjų ir sunkiųjų skylučių) puslaidininkinių p-Ge giroelektrinių bangolaidžių, kuriuos veikia B 1 0 = r T indukcijos nuolatinis išilginis magnetinis laukas, dispersinių charakteristikų skaičiavimo rezultatai, įvertinant nuostolius bangolaidyje. Skaičiavimo algoritmas leidžia tirti bangolaidžius, pagamintus iš medžiagų, atnešančių labai didelius nuostolius. Tiriamos 1 mm spindulio bangolaidžių dažninės charakteristikos 5–200 GHz dažnių ruože. Laisvųjų krūvininkų koncentracija bangolaidyje yra N = 5·1019 m–3. Nustatoma nuostolių priklausomybė nuo sunkiųjų skylučių krūvininkų koncentracijos Nh, esant trims skirtingoms sunkiųjų skylučių koncentracijoms, kai Nh sudaro 5 %, 50 % ir 95 % nuo visų krūvininkų koncentracijos N bangolaidyje.

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O’Kane, Terence J., Didier P. Monselesan, and James S. Risbey. "A Multiscale Reexamination of the Pacific–South American Pattern." Monthly Weather Review 145, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 379–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-16-0291.1.

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Abstract The authors undertake a multiscale spectral reexamination of the variability of the Pacific–South American (PSA) pattern and the mechanisms by which this variability occurs. Time scales from synoptic to interannual are investigated, focusing on the means by which tropical variability is communicated to the midlatitudes and on in situ forcing within the midlatitude waveguides. Particular interest is paid to what fraction of the total variability associated with the PSA, occurring on interannual time scales, is attributable to tropical forcing relative to that occurring on synoptic and intraseasonal time scales via internal waveguide dynamics. In general, it is found that the eastward-propagating wave train pattern typically associated with the PSA manifests across time scales from synoptic to interannual, with the majority of the variability occurring on synoptic-to-intraseasonal time scales largely independent of tropical convection. It is found that the small fraction of the total variance with a tropical signal occurs via the zonal component of the thermal wind modulating both the subtropical and polar jets. The respective roles of the Hadley circulation and stationary Rossby wave sources are also examined. Further, a PSA-like mode is identified in terms of the slow components of higher-order modes of tropospheric geopotential height. This study reestablishes the multiscale nonlinear nature of the PSA modes arising largely as a manifestation of internal midlatitude waveguide dynamics and local disturbances.

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Saedon, Juri B., Siti Musalmah Md Ibrahim, Amir Radzi Abd Ghani, and Muhammad Hafizi Bin Abd Razak. "Dicing Characterization on Optical Silicon Wafer Waveguide." Applied Mechanics and Materials 899 (June 2020): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.899.163.

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Silicon wafers are a key component in integrated circuits which comprised of various electronic components that are arranged to perform a specific function. Wafer dicing is a mechanical process of removing material from a wafer by synthetic diamonds as abrasive particles. Chipping along the cut line crucial to the wafer dicing operation has been identified by semiconductor manufacturers as a relevant area for improvement. The purposed of this study is to characterize the effect of dicing operation on the optical silicon wafer coating material. The effect of the blade wear and silicon wafer kerf width will be analyzed in this work

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HIRAYAMA, K., Y. TSUJI, T. NOMURA, K. SATO, and S. NISHIWAKI. "Application of Topology Optimization to H-Plane Waveguide Component." IEICE Transactions on Electronics E90-C, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 282–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ietele/e90-c.2.282.

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Diab, Momen, Aline N. Dinkelaker, John Davenport, Kalaga Madhav, and Martin M. Roth. "Starlight coupling through atmospheric turbulence into few-mode fibres and photonic lanterns in the presence of partial adaptive optics correction." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 501, no. 2 (December 3, 2020): 1557–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3752.

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ABSTRACT Starlight corrupted by atmospheric turbulence cannot couple efficiently into astronomical instruments based on integrated optics as they require light of high spatial coherence to couple into their single-mode waveguides. Low-order adaptive optics in combination with photonic lanterns offer a practical approach to achieve efficient coupling into multiplexed astrophotonic devices. We investigate, aided by simulations and an experimental testbed, the trade-off between the degrees of freedom of the adaptive optics system and those of the input waveguide of an integrated optic component leading to a cost-effective hybrid system that achieves a signal-to-noise ratio higher than a standalone device fed by a single-mode fibre.

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DURFEE III, C. G., A. RUNDQUIST, S. BACKUS, Z. CHANG, C. HERNE, H. C. KAPTEYN, and M. M. MURNANE. "GUIDED-WAVE PHASE-MATCHING OF ULTRASHORT-PULSE LIGHT." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 08, no. 02 (June 1999): 211–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863599000151.

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We review the use of hollow waveguides for frequency conversion of ultrafast laser pulses the ultraviolet and extreme ultraviolet. Phase-matching of these processes is reached through a balance of gas and waveguide dispersion. By mixing 400 nm with 800 nm light, ultrashort (8 fs) pulses are generated near 270 nm with high efficiency > 20%. Tuning of the longer-wavelength component in the mixing process allows tuning of the output from 215–308 nm. In the XUV, this guided-wave phase-matching has allowed an increase of conversion efficiency of high-order harmonic generation of 100–1000x over that obtained with a gas jet, in an experimentally-convenient geometry.

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Zhang, Zhekang, Yuchen Shi, Bo Shao, Taotao Zhou, Fan Luo, and Yin Xu. "Design of Compact, Broadband, and Low-Loss Silicon Waveguide Bends with Radius under 500 nm." Photonics 9, no. 9 (August 30, 2022): 616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9090616.

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Waveguide bend is an indispensable component in the on-chip compact photonic integrated circuits (PICs) and the minimum bend size greatly limits the increase of integration density of PICs. Here, we propose broadband and low-loss silicon waveguide bend schemes using air trenches on both sides and embedded germanium arc in the inner side of waveguide bend. Using these ways, the silicon waveguide bending radius can be greatly reduced to less than 500 nm and the obtained insertion loss (IL) can be as low as 0.12 dB compared with IL = 1.73 dB obtained by direct silicon waveguide bend under the same bending radius. Meanwhile, the working bandwidth can be extended over 500 nm covering the whole optical communication band by keeping IL < 0.5 dB. Therefore, the proposed device schemes could push the development of on-chip PICs toward higher integration density.

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Nabok, Alexei, Ali Madlool Al-Jawdah, Borbála Gémes, Eszter Takács, and András Székács. "An Optical Planar Waveguide-Based Immunosensors for Determination of Fusarium Mycotoxin Zearalenone." Toxins 13, no. 2 (January 25, 2021): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13020089.

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A planar waveguide (PW) immunosensor working as a polarisation interferometer was developed for the detection of mycotoxin zearalenone (ZON). The main element of the sensor is an optical waveguide consisting of a thin silicon nitride layer between two thicker silicon dioxide layers. A combination of a narrow waveguiding core made by photolithography with an advanced optical set-up providing a coupling of circular polarised light into the PW via its slanted edge allowed the realization of a novel sensing principle by detection of the phase shift between the p- and s-components of polarised light propagating through the PW. As the p-component is sensitive to refractive index changes at the waveguide interface, molecular events between the sensor surface and the contacting sample solution can be detected. To detect ZON concentrations in the sample solution, ZON-specific antibodies were immobilised on the waveguide via an electrostatically deposited polyelectrolyte layer, and protein A was adsorbed on it. Refractive index changes on the surface due to the binding of ZON molecules to the anchored antibodies were detected in a concentration-dependent manner up to 1000 ng/mL of ZON, allowing a limit of detection of 0.01 ng/mL. Structurally unrelated mycotoxins such as aflatoxin B1 or ochratoxin A did not exert observable cross-reactivity.

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Kokodii, Mykola, Victor Katrich, Sergey Berdnik, Mykhail Nesterenko, Vyacheslav Maslov, and Ivan Priz. "Pressure of Electromagnetic Radiation on a Thin Linear Vibrator in a Waveguide." 3, no. 3 (September 2, 2022): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-06.

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The problem of electromagnetic wave pressure on a thin conductive vibrator located in a rectangular waveguide is solved. Wave H10 falls on the vibrator. The vibrator is located perpendicular to the wide wall of the waveguide. The current in the vibrator arising under the action of the electric field of the wave is calculated. The current distribution along the vibrator is almost uniform. The current in the microwave range depends little on the vibrator conductivity. Two components of the magnetic field - longitudinal and transverse exist in the H10 wave. When these components interact with the current in the vibrator, forces arise, acting on the vibrator across the waveguide and along it. The magnitude of the longitudinal force is greatest when the vibrator is located in the middle of a wide wall. It is almost 2 times greater than the force acting on the vibrator in free space at the same average radiation intensity, When the vibrator length is close to half the radiation wavelength, the force is maximum. The transverse force is determined by the interaction of the current in the vibrator with the longitudinal component of the magnetic field in the waveguide. It is maximum when the vibrator is located at the distance of ¼ of the length of the wide wall from its middle. If the length of the vibrator is less than half the wavelength of the radiation, the force is directed towards the axis of the waveguide, otherwise - in the opposite direction. The possibility of using microwave radiation pressure to create micromachines and to control the position of the vibrator in space has been evaluated. This requires a radiation power of several watts.

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Lundquist, P. M., W. Lin, H. Zhou, D. N. Hahn, S. Yitzchaik, T. J. Marks, and G. K. Wong. "Frequency doubling in two-component self-assembled chromophoric waveguide structures." Applied Physics Letters 70, no. 15 (April 14, 1997): 1941–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.118786.

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Hasegawa, Masaki. "Alignment Method of Polymer Waveguide and Optical Component using Fluorescence." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 44, No. 34 (August 12, 2005): L1085—L1087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.44.l1085.

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Fischer, D., and E. Voges. "Multimode polymeric waveguide devices fabricated by two-component injection moulding." Electronics Letters 33, no. 19 (1997): 1626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19971076.

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Tereshchenko, P. E. "THE INFLUENCE OF THE IONOSPHERE ON THE VERTICAL FORCE EXCITED BY A HORIZONTAL ELECTRIC DIPOLE." RADIO COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY, no. 47 (November 23, 2020): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.33286/2075-8693-2020-47-68-76.

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An analytical expression for the vertical component of the magnetic field has been obtained, with the help of which calculations have been made showing the effect of the ionosphere on the low-frequency field in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide. At distances from the source that are less than the doubled waveguide height, in ELF, and a lower frequency range, noticeable changes in the field strength caused by the state of the ionosphere are found.

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Zhogoleva, Nadiia. "Energetic effects analysis of shear waves and their second harmonics in a waveguide with non-ideal component contact." Proceedings of the Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics NAS of Ukraine 34 (April 24, 2021): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37069/1683-4720-2020-34-3.

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In this article the energetic and kinematic effects that occur in the elastic shear wave and its second harmonics propagation are investigated. The waveguide consists of anisotropic elastic crystal layer of cubic system m3m class enclosed between crystal halfspaces of same anisotropy class. A slipping contact is assumed in the contact zone of waveguide parts. The research is based on a model of general geometrical end physical nonlinearity in dynamic deformation processes. It allows to use elastic potential with the quadratic and cubic deformation components and the deformations with nonlinear terms. The approach of nonlinear elastic wave characteristics expansion into rows of a small parameter is used. Due to this approach at the first stage it's necessary to solve the problem of finding the components of the localized shear wave displacement vector (the problem of the first approximation). In the second stage, using the obtained results of the first approximation problem, the representation of the components of the displacement vector for the second harmonics of the localized elastic wave is solved in analytical form (the problem of the second approximation). By using the obtained kinematic results, the energy effects can be evaluated in the form of a vector of the average for the period of power flow. Specific results of the study of the amplitude-frequency and energy characteristics of the localized shear type elastic waves in the considered waveguide structure were obtained using computer algebra methods.The calculations of cinematic and energetic characteristics (that in contrast to linear SH harmonic are P-SV type waves) have been carried out for NaCl layer and germanium halfspaces waveguide.

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Poenar, Daniel Puiu, Jack Sheng Kee, Pavel Neuzil, and Levent Yobas. "The Design and Fabrication of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Single Mode Rib Waveguides for Lab-on-a-Chip Applications." Advanced Materials Research 74 (June 2009): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.74.51.

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This paper reports on the design and fabrication of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) single mode rib waveguide. PDMS was chosen as the base material for both the core and cladding of the waveguide. Such a PDMS waveguide allows an easy integration with microoptical components for lab-on-a-chip systems fabricated by soft lithography fabrication methods. The modification of the PDMS refractive index was achieved by diluting the base material with hexane. The fabricated PDMS rib waveguides were characterized for mode profile characteristics and the results confirmed the excitation of the waveguide's fundamental mode. The propagation loss was characterized at a wavelength of 635 nm and found to be 0.48 dB/cm. Such a low loss waveguide is useful as basic building block for complex microphonotnics device.

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Roth, Jan-Philipp, Thomas Kühler, and Elmar Griese. "Utilizing multimode interference effects in integrated graded-index optical waveguides for efficient power splitting." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 37, no. 4 (July 2, 2018): 1556–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-09-2017-0374.

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Purpose For the realization of optical waveguide components, needed for photonic integrated circuits, multimode-interference based (MMI-based) devices are an excellent component class for the realization of low loss optical splitters. A promising approach to the manufacturing of these components is their embedding in thin glass sheets by ion-exchange diffusion processes, which has not yet been extensively studied. This study aims to significantly enhance the modeling of the diffusion process to support manufacturing of graded-index, MMI-based optical splitters. Design/methodology/approach The methods of design and analysis of MMI-based components are based on a step-index refractive index profile. In this work, fundamental correlations between the properties of the manufacturing ion-exchange process and the characteristics of the graded-index, MMI-based components are established. The refractive index profile is calculated with a proprietary solver based on the finite element method. Any further investigation with respect to parameter influence is based on the beam propagation method, specifically a finite difference based, semi-vectorial, wide-angle beam propagation algorithm. The influence of the parameters of the self-imaging effect is investigated. On this basis, different approaches for efficient power splitting with graded-index, MMI-based waveguide components are evaluated. Findings Easy approximations – mostly linear – can be found to model the dependencies of the investigated parameters. The resulting graded-index splitters are characterized by their low excess and insertion loss. Originality/value These findings are the first step in the direction of the semi-analytical modeling of the respective waveguide components to reduce the numerical effort.

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SAMI SÖZÜER, H., and H. DUYGU ŞENGÜN. "PHOTONIC CRYSTAL ASSISTED 90° WAVEGUIDE BEND." International Journal of Modern Physics B 25, no. 16 (June 30, 2011): 2167–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979211100072.

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The 90° waveguide bend is an important component of optical circuit applications. We propose several models for such a bend, some of them assisted by a two-dimensional photonic crystal with a bandgap in the desired range of operating frequencies. We show that a photonic crystal assisted bend reduces bending loss by several orders of magnitude for transverse electric modes.

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HIRAYAMA, Koichi, Yasuhide TSUJI, Shintaro YAMASAKI, and Shinji NISHIWAKI. "Design Optimization of H-Plane Waveguide Component by Level Set Method." IEICE Transactions on Electronics E94-C, no. 5 (2011): 874–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transele.e94.c.874.

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Moujoud, Abderrafia, Hyun Jae Kim, Sung Ho Kang, Gyong-Jin Oh, Woo-Soo Kim, Byeong-Soo Bae, and Sang-Yung Shin. "Double component long period waveguide grating filter in sol-gel material." Optics Express 15, no. 23 (2007): 15147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.15.015147.

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Donglin Tang, 唐东林, 梁政 Zheng Liang, 张晓东 Xiaodong Zhang, 何山 Shan He, and 郭峰 Feng Guo. "Three-component hybrid-integrated optical accelerometer based on LiNbO3 photoelastic waveguide." Chinese Optics Letters 7, no. 1 (2009): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col20090701.0032.

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Yudasari, Nurfina, Jessienta Anthony, and Rainer Leonhardt. "Terahertz pulse propagation in 3D-printed waveguide with metal wires component." Optics Express 22, no. 21 (October 15, 2014): 26042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.22.026042.

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Barkhudarov, É. M., S. I. Gritsinin, G. V. Dreiden, V. Yu Knyazev, V. A. Kop'ev, I. A. Kossyi, M. A. Misakyan, G. V. Ostrovskaya, and V. P. Silakov. "Repetitive torch in a coaxial waveguide: Temperature of the neutral component." Plasma Physics Reports 30, no. 6 (June 2004): 531–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1768586.

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Kavitha, Thandapani, Gopalswamy Maheswaran, Joly Maheswaran, and Chandramohan K. Pappa. "Optical network on chip: design of wavelength routed optical ring architecture." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 12, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v12i1.4294.

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Network on chip (NoC) technology has now achieved a mature stage of development as a result of their use as a key component in many successful commercial devices. As multiprocessors continue to scale, these ship based electronic networks are more challenging to meet their power budget communication requirements. Innovative technology is emerging with the aim of offering shorter latencies and greater bandwidth with lower power consumption. Ring topology provides superior results among the all wavelength routed topologies in the chip optical network. In this paper, we proposed an optical ring network-on-chip (ORNoC) architecture which is contention free. Communication matrix is used to assign a single waveguide/wavelength pair to implement simultaneous communications. The design constraints for the proposed architecture will be wavelength reused on a single waveguide for multiple communications. We imply automatic wavelength/waveguide assignment for effective design and will prove that the proposed architecture can connect more number of nodes and less wavelengths per waveguide.

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Wu, Zhaofeng, Mingtuan Lin, Jihong Zhang, and Jibin Liu. "Energy Selective Filter with Power-Dependent Transmission Effectiveness in Waveguide." Electronics 8, no. 2 (February 20, 2019): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8020236.

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A novel Energy Selective Filter (ESF) mounted in waveguide is presented based on nonlinear element, which is sensitive to the power intensity of incident wave achieving frequency selection as well as energy selection. The proposed ESF consists of three parts, the middle circuit board with diode loaded, the upper and bottom ground metallic patches. The mechanism of the ESF is analyzed through equivalent circuit model and its performance is investigated numerically and experimentally. According to the waveguide measurement, a shielding effectiveness of 13 dB is achieved in case of high power input and the insertions loss is less than 0.3 dB across the whole frequency range when low power signal inputs. It is a pluggable component in waveguide that could reflect high power signals of specific frequency to protect the following electronic equipment.

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Zhang, Wei, Wenyao Liu, Huiting Guo, Jun Tang, and Jun Liu. "Design and Optimization of a Resonant Micro-Optic Gyroscope Based on a Transmissive Silica Waveguide Resonator." Electronics 11, no. 20 (October 18, 2022): 3355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11203355.

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In order to optimize the performance of a resonant micro-optic gyroscope, a well-designed transmissive structure, which was obtained by optimizing the transmission coefficient of a coupler was used as the core component of a planar waveguide optical gyroscope. By analyzing the relationship between the resonator’s transmission coefficient and the gyroscope’s scale factor, the optical waveguide resonator sensing element with optimal parameters for the resonant micro-optic gyroscope was obtained. A scale factor of 1.34 mV/°/s was achieved using an open-loop system, and a bias stability of 183.7 °/h over a one-hour test was successfully demonstrated.

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Wijayanto, Yusuf Nur, Dadin Mahmudin, and Pamungkas Daud. "Design of Rectangular Optical Waveguide on LiTaO3 Crystal Using Thermal Annealled Proton Exchange Methods." Jurnal Elektronika dan Telekomunikasi 14, no. 1 (June 29, 2016): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jet.v14.20-23.

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Optical waveguides are the key component for distributing optical signals with very low propagation loss in optical communication. Several type optical waveguides are established currently such as silica optical fiber. In the planar structure, planar optical waveguides are suitable for implementing to integrated optic applications. In here, rectangular optical waveguides on a planar structure with a LiTaO3 crystal as the substrate are described. The optical waveguides were designed for single mode operation at infrared optical wavelength. The Marcatili method is used for designing by separated the rectangular optical waveguides into two slab optical waveguides. Design rules for the rectangular optical waveguides are discussed in this paper

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Li, Teng, and Wenbin Dou. "A wideband right-angle transition between thin substrate integrated waveguide and rectangular waveguide based on multi-section structure." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 8, no. 2 (February 27, 2015): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078715000185.

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In this paper, a novel wideband right-angle transition between thin substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) and rectangular waveguide (RWG) based on multi-section structure operating at center frequency 31.5 GHz is presented. A multi-section SIW with a rectangular aperture etched on the broad wall and two stepped ridges embedded in the RWG flange are introduced to obtain a wide impedance matching. The simulations show that the bandwidth with return loss better than 20 dB is about 17 GHz. In order to verify our designs, two back-to-back transitions with different lengths are fabricated and measured. The experimental results agree well with simulations. The proposed component shows an insertion loss less than 0.44 dB and a return loss better than 14.5 dB over 12.15 GH, which corresponds to 38.57% bandwidth.

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Grigoriev, Andrey D. "NEW WAVEGUIDE METHOD FOR DIELECTRIC PARAMETER MEASUREMENT." Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics, no. 5 (December 6, 2018): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/1993-8985-2018-21-5-33-38.

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Perfect knowledge of dielectric parameters is necessary for its application in various devices. In spite of the whole range of measurement techniques, their practical implementation in the microwave frequency band runs into some difficulties. This article describes a new method for nonmagnetic dielectrics permittivity and loss tangent measurement in the microwave frequency band. A dielectric specimen slab is placed in the short-circuited waveguide section normal to its axis and fills the whole cross-section of the waveguide at approximately quarter wavelength from its short-circuited endpoint. By means of the vector network analyzer the waveguide section reflection factor is measured. Objective function is de-termined as difference between calculated and measured module and phase of the reflection factor. Specific code for ob-jective function calculation and its minimization is worked out. Minimization of this function by varying dielectric parameters makes it possible to find real values of these parameters. The method needs no de-embedding and can be used with non-calibrated waveguide-to-coax transitions. Also it is less sensitive to the noise component of reflected signal. The testing results show that new method’s error does not exceed 0.2 % for relative permittivity and 1% for dielectric loss tangent.

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Doughan, Isaac, Kehinde Oyemakinwa, Olli Ovaskainen, and Matthieu Roussey. "Low Loss Vertical TiO2/Polymer Hybrid Nano-Waveguides." Nanomaterials 13, no. 3 (January 24, 2023): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13030469.

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This article proposes a novel demonstration of a low-loss polymer channel hybridized with a titania core leading to a nano-waveguide elongated in the normal direction to the substrate. It is aimed at using the quasi-transverse magnetic (TM) mode as the predominant mode in compact photonic circuitry. A detailed design analysis shows how a thin layer of a higher-refractive index material in a trench within the core of the waveguide can increase the confinement and reduce the propagation losses. This thin layer, produced by atomic layer deposition, covers the entire polymer structure in a conformal manner, ensuring both a reduction of the surface roughness and a stronger field confinement. The trench can be made at any place within the polymer channel and therefore its position can be tuned to obtain asymmetric modal distribution. The waveguide is demonstrated at telecom wavelengths, although the material’s properties enable operation over a large part of the electromagnetic spectrum. We measured propagation losses as low as 1.75 ± 0.32 dB/cm in a 200 nm × 900 nm section of the waveguide core. All processes being mass-production compatible, this study opens a path towards easier integrated-component manufacture.

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Trimawiasa, Wayan, I. Nyoman Sudiana, and La Aba. "Simulation of Microwave Effects on Heating Some Bio-Oil Basic Components." BULETIN FISIKA 23, no. 1 (July 5, 2021): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/bf.2022.v23.i01.p05.

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An investigation of the microwave effect has been carried out by simulating heating the basic components of bio oil. This research aims to produce a heating model and energy distribution of oleic acid and stearic acid component materials. The cylindrical material is placed in a cavity-shaped heating applicator using a microwave excitation frequency of 2.45 GHz through a single waveguide TE10 mode. Numerical solution using time-domain solver and transient solver succeeded in simulating the heating model of the dielectric material with the results of the energy distribution depending on the complex permittivity of the material.

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Plinski, Edward F., and Jerzy S. Witkowski. "Precise Microanalysis of Biological Remains Using a Process of Laser Ablation." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (August 2001): 540–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600028774.

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A precise analysis of the biological remains is presented in the paper. A single-channel waveguide carbon dioxide laser is used in a process of ablation ‘ for the exposing of biological remains of mineralised organisms found in a sea slime used as a component in some technological process.Many important applications of the laser base on the process of ablation. These include also so precise biomedical uses like structural studies of biomolecules. Among of the wide range of the laser devices the waveguide carbon dioxide lasers can be used in a precise biological investigations. A single-channel waveguide CO2 laser emits very easy the optical wave formed in a single, so called quasi-Gaussian, mode2. The distribution of the intensity of the laser output radiation in a basic Gaussian mode is shown in Figure 1. A high quality laser output beam in a basic Gaussian mode can be easy focused permitting a precise ablation of the investigated material in a very small area of 100 μm and less.

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Moore, G., E. Bochove, and M. O. Scully. "Laser Linac Using a Lens Waveguide in Vacuum." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 52, no. 1-2 (February 1, 1997): 117–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1997-1-228.

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Abstract Acceleration of a relativistic electron beam by the longitudinal field component of a focused laser or microwave beam is optimal when the laser beam is radially polarized. The electron energy gain between focusing optical lenses with an arbitrary optical mode cannot greatly exceed that available from a Gaussian beam of the same power. Off-axis transverse forces focus and recollimate appropriately phased off-axis electrons over the acceleration length.

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Butt, Muhammad Ali, Andrzej Kaźmierczak, Cuma Tyszkiewicz, Paweł Karasiński, Edyta Środa, Jacek Olszewski, Piotr Pala, et al. "HYPHa project: a low-cost alternative for integrated photonics." Photonics Letters of Poland 14, no. 2 (July 1, 2022): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v14i2.1145.

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In this paper, a brief introduction to the Hybrid sensor platforms of integrated photonic systems based on ceramic and polymer materials (HYPHa) is presented. The project's goal is to establish a collaborative effort of institutes specialized in integrated optics. The newly formed group of professionals will be founded on research groups' experience, collaboration, and devotion. We intend to develop a method for combining competencies and a universal material platform for integrated photonics, based on newly validated hybrid materials as part of the project. Silica compounds with additions including TiO2, SnO2, used as structural matrices, polymer coatings with dopants (active or protective layers), organic dyes, and active two-dimensional materials such as transition metal dichalcogenides, graphene hybrids, and boron nitride will be the foundation for these materials. Full Text: PDF ReferencesK. Rola, A. Zajac, M. Czajkowski, A. Szpecht, M. Zdonczyk, M. Smiglak, J. Cybinska, K. Komorowska, "Ionic liquids for active photonics components fabrication", Opt. Mater. 89, 106-111 (2019). CrossRef D. Kowal, K. Rola, J. Cybinska, M. Skorenski, A. Zajac, A. Szpecht, M. Smiglak, S. Drobczynski, K. Ciesiolkiewicz, K. Komorowska, "Fluorescent ionic liquid micro reservoirs fabricated by dual-step E-beam patterning", Mater. Res. Bull. 142, 111434 (2021). CrossRef T. Martynkien, J. Olszewski, M. Szpulak, G. Golojuch, W. Urbanczyk, T. Nasilowski, F. Berghmans, and H. Thienpont, "Experimental investigations of bending loss oscillations in large mode area photonic crystal fibers", Opt. Express 15, 13547-13556 (2007). CrossRef E. Środa, J. Olszewski, and W. Urbańczyk, "Reducing bend-induced loss and crosstalk in a two-mode ridge waveguide by steplike thickness structuring", Appl. Opt. 61, 1164-1170 (2022). CrossRef P. Karasinski, C. Tyszkiewicz, A. Domanowska, A. Michalewicz, J. Mazur, "Low loss, long time stable sol–gel derived silica–titania waveguide films", Mater. Lett. 143, 5-7 (2015). CrossRef P. Karasinski, C. Tyszkiewicz, A. Maciaga, I.V. Kityk, E. Gondek, "Two-component waveguide SiO2:TiO2 films fabricated by sol–gel technology for optoelectronic applications", J. of Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 26, 2733-2736 (2015). CrossRef M.A. Butt, A. Kazmierczak, C. Tyszkiewicz, P. Karasinski, R. Piramidowicz, "Mode Sensitivity Exploration of Silica–Titania Waveguide for Refractive Index Sensing Applications", Sensors 21, 7452 (2021). CrossRef A. Kazmierczak, M. Slowikowski, K. Pavlov, M. Filipiak, M. Vervaeke, C. Tyszkiewicz, H. Ottevaere, R. Piramidowicz, P. Karasinski, "Efficient, low-cost optical coupling mechanism for TiO2-SiO2 sol-gel derived slab waveguide surface grating coupler sensors", Opt. Appl. 50, 539 (2020). CrossRef M.A. Butt, S.N. Khonina, N.L. Kazanskiy, "A highly sensitive design of subwavelength grating double-slot waveguide microring resonator", Laser Phys. Lett. 17, 076201 (2020). CrossRef N.L. Kazanskiy, M.A. Butt, S.N. Khonina, "Silicon photonic devices realized on refractive index engineered subwavelength grating waveguides-A review", Opt. Laser Technol. 138, 106863 (2021). CrossRef M.A. Butt, S.N. Khonina, N.L. Kazanskiy, "Recent advances in photonic crystal optical devices: A review", Opt. Laser Technol. 142, 107265 (2021). CrossRef L. Xu, Y. Wang, E. El-Fiky, D. Mao, A. Kumar, Z. Xing, Md. G. Saber, M. Jacques, D.V. Plant, "Compact Broadband Polarization Beam Splitter Based on Multimode Interference Coupler With Internal Photonic Crystal for the SOI Platform", J. Light. Technol. 37, 1231 (2019). CrossRef R. Marchetti, C. Lacava, A. Khokhar, X. Chen, I. Cristiani, D.J. Richardson, G. T. Reed, P. Petropoulos, P. Minzioni, "High-efficiency grating-couplers: demonstration of a new design strategy", Sci. Rep. 7, 16670 (2017). CrossRef

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Zhao, Yingming, Yu Li, and Weiping Huang. "Numerical Investigation and Design of Electrically-Pumped Self-Pulsing Fano Laser Based on III-V/Silicon Integration." Photonics 8, no. 12 (November 24, 2021): 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8120530.

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A self-pulsing III-V/silicon laser is designed based on the Fano resonance between a bus-waveguide and a micro-ring resonator, partially covered by the graphene as a nonlinear saturable absorption component. The Fano reflector etched on the straight waveguide is used as one of the cavity mirrors in the coupling region to work with the graphene induced loss and nonlinearity to achieve pulsed lasing in GHz repetition frequency. The detailed lasing characteristics are studied numerically by using the rate equation and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations. The results show that the CMOS compatible hybrid laser can generate picosecond pulses with repetition rate at 1~3.12 GHz, which increases linearly with the injection current.

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Karamzadeh, Saeid, Vahid Rafiei, and Hasan Saygin. "A NEW MULTI-FUNCTIONAL HALF MODE SUBSTRATE INTEGRATED WAVEGUIDE SIX-PORT MICROWAVE COMPONENT." Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters 69 (2017): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pierl17030602.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Waveguide component'

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