Journal articles: 'Wave localization'

1

Nakamura, Katsuya, Yoshikazu Kobayashi, Kenichi Oda, and Satoshi Shigemura. "Application of Classified Elastic Waves for AE Source Localization Based on Self-Organizing Map." Applied Sciences 13, no. 9 (May 6, 2023): 5745. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13095745.

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Acoustic emission (AE) source localization has been used to visualize progress failures generated in a wide variety of materials. In the conventional approaches, AE source localization algorithms assume that the AE signal is propagated as a straight line. However, it is supposed that progress failures form heterogeneity of elastic wave velocity distributions. Hence, with the conventional source localization, it is expected that the localization accuracy is reduced in heterogeneous materials since diffraction and refraction waves are generated. Thus, if the straight propagation waves are classified, conventional source localizations are performed in the heterogeneous materials. The self-organizing map (SOM) is one of the unsupervised learning methods, and the SOM has potential to classify straight propagation waves for the source localizations. However, the application of classified AE signals in source localization is not popular. If classified AE signals are applied to the time difference of arrival (TDOA) method, which is the popular localization method, it is expected that number of visualized sources are decreased because the algorithm does not consider the selection of the propagated wave. Although ray tracing has potential to localize a larger number of sources than the TDOA method, it is expected that the localized sources are less accurate in comparison with results of the TDOA method. In this study, classified waves were applied to two of the source localizations, and model tests based on pencil-lead breaks (PLBs) generating artificial AE sources were conducted to validate the performance of the source localizations with classified waves. The results of the validation confirmed that the maximum error in the TDOA method is larger in comparison with ray tracing conducted with 20 mm intervals of source candidates. Moreover, ray tracing localizes the same number of sources as the number of PLB tests. Therefore, ray tracing is expected to more practically localize AE sources than the TDOA method if classified waves are applied.

2

Pierre, Christophe, Matthew P. Castanier, and Wan Joe Chen. "Wave Localization in Multi-Coupled Periodic Structures: Application to Truss Beams." Applied Mechanics Reviews 49, no. 2 (February 1, 1996): 65–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3101889.

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A tutorial and a review of recent developments in the area of localization in linear structural dynamics problems are presented. Particular emphasis is placed on multi-coupled nearly periodic structures, which carry more than one wave type. First, background on perfectly periodic structures is provided, including both the wave and modal descriptions of the dynamics. A wave transfer matrix formulation for disordered periodic structures is then presented, which is well suited to the analysis of localized dynamics. Next, stochastic analysis tools are introduced that allow one to quantify the degree of localization in an asymptotic sense. Means of calculating these localization factors as the Lyapunov exponents of the system wave transfer matrix are discussed. Finally, the general theory is illustrated on an example multi-coupled structure - a planar truss beam which carries four pairs of waves. The propagation of waves in the disordered structure is examined, and Lyapunov exponents are calculated. In addition to the localization of the incident wave, significant mixing of the various wave types occurs, causing the leakage of energy to the least localized waves, and enabling sustainment of motion according to the smallest Lyapunov exponent.

3

Sivan, U., and A. Sa'ar. "Light Wave Localization in Dielectric Wave Guides." Europhysics Letters (EPL) 5, no. 2 (January 15, 1988): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/5/2/009.

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PUROHIT, GUNJAN, PRERANA SHARMA, and R. P. SHARMA. "Filamentation of laser beam and suppression of stimulated Raman scattering due to localization of electron plasma wave." Journal of Plasma Physics 78, no. 1 (October 11, 2011): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377811000419.

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AbstractThis paper presents the effect of laser beam filamentation on the localization of electron plasma wave (EPW) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in unmagnetized plasma when relativistic and ponderomotive nonlinearities are operative. The splitted profile of the laser beam is obtained due to uneven focusing of the off-axial rays. The semi-analytical solution of the nonlinearly coupled EPW equation in the presence of laser beam filaments has been found. It is observed that due to this nonlinear coupling between these two waves, localization of EPW takes place. Stimulated Raman scattering of this EPW is studied and back reflectivity has been calculated. Further, the localization of EPW affects the eigenfrequency and damping of plasma wave. The new enhanced damping of the plasma wave has been calculated and it is found that the SRS process gets suppressed due to the localization of plasma wave in laser beam filamentary structures.

5

Liu, Runjie, Chaoqi Ma, Qionggui Zhang, Xu Gao, and Lianji Zhang. "An Improved P-wave Peak Location Method Based on Pan-Tompkins Algorithm." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2759, no. 1 (May 1, 2024): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2759/1/012006.

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Abstract Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal can reflect the health of the heart, and P wave is an important part of ECG signal, which reflects the excitatory conduction process of the heart. By precisely locating the P waves in the ECG signal, important information about heart disease can be obtained. In this paper, a method of P-wave peak localization based on Pan-Tompkins algorithm is proposed. Firstly, the ECG signal is decomposed by wavelet transform, and the coefficients of each layer are processed to filter out the noise such as baseline drift and electromyographic interference in the ECG signal. After the location of R wave in the signal was found by the Pan-Tompkins algorithm, the QRS wave was eliminated, and then the possible P wave location was found by the improved Pan-Tompkins algorithm. Finally, the correct P wave was screened by a screening strategy. Experimental results show that the sensitivity and accuracy of the P-wave localization algorithm proposed in this paper reach 94.78% and 95.10%, respectively. It shows that the proposed algorithm has good performance for P-wave localization.

6

Ye, Ling, George Cody, Minyao Zhou, Ping Sheng, and Andrew Norris. "Observation of acoustic wave localization." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 90, no. 4 (October 1991): 2356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.402125.

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Sträng, Eric. "Localization of quantum wave packets." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 41, no. 3 (January 4, 2008): 035307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8113/41/3/035307.

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Sornette, Didier. "Anderson localization and wave absorption." Journal of Statistical Physics 56, no. 5-6 (September 1989): 669–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01016773.

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9

Zhang, Zhao-Qing, and Ping Sheng. "Wave localization in random networks." Physical Review B 49, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.49.83.

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10

Maihemutijiang, Maiheliya. "Study on Single-phase Ground Fault Localisation in Distribution Networks Based on Transient Travelling Waves." Academic Journal of Science and Technology 7, no. 2 (September 27, 2023): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ajst.v7i2.11946.

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China's low and medium voltage distribution networks are mostly grounded by small currents, and single-phase grounding faults are frequent and their fault characteristics are weak, so that the traditional fault localization schemes may fail. In order to effectively solve the problem of single-phase grounding fault localization in distribution networks, the traveling wave localization technology is applied in distribution networks, which is expected to realize fast and accurate fault localization in distribution networks. Firstly, the paper analyzes the characteristics of traveling wave signals in distribution networks and those in transmission networks, and proves the feasibility of the traveling wave localization method applied to distribution networks. Secondly, the transient electrical quantities after a single-phase ground fault occurs in the distribution network are characterized, and it is concluded that in the fault transient process, nonlinear and nonsmooth signals appear in the faulted and non-faulted lines, and effective information is extracted for fault localization using the traveling wave method. Finally, in the case of abnormal traveling wave data during fault localization, single-end localization is carried out using the initial wave head arrival moment and reflection wave arrival moment of the traveling wave signal of the side branch to ensure accurate localization, and simulation verification is carried out using PSCAD/EMPDC.

11

GUPTA, RUCHIKA, PRERANA SHARMA, R. P. SHARMA, and M. RAFAT. "Suppression of stimulated Raman scattering at ultra relativistic laser power: Effect of localization." Journal of Plasma Physics 77, no. 3 (May 17, 2010): 293–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377810000231.

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AbstractThe filamentation of the high-power laser beam is investigated by taking off axial contribution when relativistic nonlinearity is considered. The effect of filamentation of the laser beam is studied on the localization of the electron plasma wave (EPW) and on the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS). The semi-analytical solution of the nonlinearly coupled EPW equation in the presence of laser beam filaments has been found. It is observed that due to this nonlinear coupling between two waves, localization of EPW takes place. This localization of EPW affects the Eigen frequency and damping of plasma wave. The new enhanced damping of the plasma wave has been calculated and it is found that the SRS process gets suppressed due to the localization of plasma wave in laser beam filamentary structures. For typical laser beam and plasma parameters with wavelength λ (=1064 nm), power flux (=1018 W cm−2) and plasma density n/ncr (=0.2); the SRS back reflectivity is found to be suppressed by a factor of approximately 8%.

12

Li, Dongxue, Kang Yang, Zhaoyi He, Hanlin Zhou, and Jiaqi Li. "Acoustic Emission Wave Velocity Attenuation of Concrete and Its Application in Crack Localization." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 9, 2020): 7405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187405.

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The accurate localization of an acoustic emission (AE) source is a vital aspect of AE nondestructive testing technology. A model of wave velocity attenuation caused by the extension of transmission distance is established to analyze the attenuation of AE wave velocities in concrete and thus improve the acoustic source localization accuracy from the perspective of modified velocity. In combination with the exhaustive and region localization methods, a region exhaustive localization method is established based on the modified wave velocity. The results indicate that the smaller the water–cement ratio, the larger the reference wave velocity, and the spatially dependent attenuation of wave velocity increase. Moreover, the larger the aggregate particle size, the larger the reference wave velocity, and the greater the attenuation of wave velocity with distance. For a propagation distance of 1000 mm, the AE wave velocity attenuation exceeds 50% compared with the AE velocity. The optimized localization method reduces the number of nodes calculated, thus improving the method’s accuracy when used for localization.

13

Liu, Xinglong, Zhongwei Jiang, and Zhonghong Yan. "Improvement of Accuracy in Damage Localization Using Frequency Slice Wavelet Transform." Shock and Vibration 19, no. 4 (2012): 585–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/174563.

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Damage localization is a primary objective of damage identification. This paper presents damage localization in beam structure using impact-induced Lamb wave and Frequency Slice Wavelet Transform (FSWT). FSWT is a new time-frequency analysis method and has the adaptive resolution feature. The time-frequency resolution is a vital factor affecting the accuracy of damage localization. In FSWT there is a unique parameter controlling the time-frequency resolution. To improve the accuracy of damage localization, a generalized criterion is proposed to determine the parameter value for achieving a suitable time-frequency resolution. For damage localization, the group velocity dispersion curve (GVDC) of A0Lamb waves in beam is first accurately estimated using FSWT, and then the arrival times of reflection wave from the crack for some individual frequency components are determined. An average operation on the calculated propagation distance is then performed to further improve the accuracy of damage localization.

14

Haghighi, B., and A. M. Ermolaev. "Plasma waves in two-dimensional conductors with impurity electron states." Canadian Journal of Physics 78, no. 11 (November 1, 2000): 1017–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p00-090.

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The dispersion relation and the damping of plasma waves in two-dimensional conductors are calculated under the condition of localization of electrons by impurity atoms. It has been shown that localization of electrons decreases plasma-wave frequency as well as causing their damping when the frequency exceeds some threshold value. The data obtained resulted in an explanation of experiments on electromagnetic wave absorption in inversion layers of silicon and silicon dioxide interfaces. PACS Nos.: 73.20Mf, 73.40Qv, 72.10Bg

15

Deleu, Samuel, Romain Gojon, and Jérémie Gressier. "Quantifying non-linear effects in acoustic source localization." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 265, no. 3 (February 1, 2023): 4391–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2022_0629.

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Whenever acoustic source localization is considered, the assumed central hypothesis is the linearity of the acoustic wave. This hypothesis allows direct and inverse problems to be solved faster using the linearized Euler Equations or ray-tracing, for example. However, when considering high amplitude waves - acoustic shockwaves generated from a sniper shot, for instance - such simplification induces errors in the localization process. In the literature, acoustic source localization results relying on the linear hypothesis are considered to be acceptable without knowing how much error is made. This paper focuses on quantifying the errors due to non-linear effects on the source localization when the linear hypothesis is assumed. The proposed methodology consists of quantifying the accuracy of the sound source position by solving the Euler equations with a spectral difference scheme of order 3 for different configurations. First, a reference case in the linear regime is carefully computed. Then, the wave topologies are modified to resemble typical acoustical shockwaves: cylindrical N-wave signals from direct propagation and wall interaction are considered. The assessment is performed on multiple wave strengths and reflection angles to get a wide range of configurations from which errors due to the non-linear reflection will be thoroughly analysed.

16

Hu, Qian, and John Veitch. "Rapid Premerger Localization of Binary Neutron Stars in Third-generation Gravitational-wave Detectors." Astrophysical Journal Letters 958, no. 2 (December 1, 2023): L43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad0ed4.

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Abstract Premerger localization of binary neutron stars (BNSs) is one of the most important scientific goals for the third-generation (3G) gravitational-wave detectors. It will enable the electromagnetic observation of the whole process of BNS coalescence, especially for the premerger and merger phases, which have not been observed yet, opening a window for deeper understandings of compact objects. To reach this goal, we describe a novel combination of multiband matched filtering and semianalytical localization algorithms to achieve early-warning localization of long BNS signals in 3G detectors. Using our method we are able to efficiently simulate one month of observations with a three-detector 3G network, and show that it is possible to provide accurate sky localizations more than 30 minutes before the merger. Our simulation shows that there could be ∼10 (∼100) BNS events localized within 100 deg2, 20 (6) minutes before merger, per month of observation.

17

Lock, E. H., and S. V. Gerus. "Relationship between the spin wave distribution across a ferrite plate thickness and the directions of wave’s group and phase velocities." Известия Российской академии наук. Серия физическая 87, no. 10 (October 1, 2023): 1494–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0367676523702605.

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The general nonreciprocal properties of surface and backward spin waves in a tangentially magnetized ferrite plate are investigated. It is established the rule that determines interconnection between the spin wave localization over the ferrite plate thickness and the directions of group and phase velocities of the wave.

18

Mager, P. N., and D. Yu Klimushkin. "Spatial localization and azimuthal wave numbers of Alfvén waves generated by drift-bounce resonance in the magnetosphere." Annales Geophysicae 23, no. 12 (December 23, 2005): 3775–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-23-3775-2005.

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Abstract. Spatial localization and azimuthal wave numbers m of poloidal Alfvén waves generated by energetic particles in the magnetosphere are studied in the paper. There are two factors that cause the wave localization across magnetic shells. First, the instability growth rate is proportional to the distribution function of the energetic particles, hence waves must be predominantly generated on magnetic shells where the particles are located. Second, the frequency of the generated poloidal wave must coincide with the poloidal eigenfrequency, which is a function of the radial coordinate. The combined impact of these two factors also determines the azimuthal wave number of the generated oscillations. The beams with energies about 10 keV and 150 keV are considered. As a result, the waves are shown to be strongly localized across magnetic shells; for the most often observed second longitudinal harmonic of poloidal Alfvén wave (N=2), the localization region is about one Earth radius across the magnetic shells. It is shown that the drift-bounce resonance condition does not select the m value for this harmonic. For 10 keV particles (most often involved in the explanation of poloidal pulsations), the azimuthal wave number was shown to be determined with a rather low accuracy, -100<m<0. The 150 keV particles provide a little better but still a poor determination of this value, -90<m<-70. For the fundamental harmonic (N=1), the azimuthal wave number is determined with a better accuracy, but both of these numbers are too small (if the waves are generated by 150 keV particles), or the waves are generated on magnetic shells (in 10 keV case) which are too far away. The calculated values of γ/ω are not large enough to overcome the damping on the ionosphere. All these have cast some suspicion on the possibility of the drift-bounce instability to generate poloidal pulsations in the magnetosphere.

19

Yu, Sunkyu, Xianji Piao, Jiho Hong, and Namkyoo Park. "Metadisorder for designer light in random systems." Science Advances 2, no. 10 (October 2016): e1501851. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501851.

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Disorder plays a critical role in signal transport by controlling the correlation of a system, as demonstrated in various complex networks. In wave physics, disordered potentials suppress wave transport, because of their localized eigenstates, from the interference between multiple scattering paths. Although the variation of localization with tunable disorder has been intensively studied as a bridge between ordered and disordered media, the general trend of disorder-enhanced localization has remained unchanged, and the existence of complete delocalization in highly disordered potentials has not been explored. We propose the concept of “metadisorder”: randomly coupled optical systems in which eigenstates can be engineered to achieve unusual localization. We demonstrate that one of the eigenstates in a randomly coupled system can always be arbitrarily molded, regardless of the degree of disorder, by adjusting the self-energy of each element. Ordered waves with the desired form are then achieved in randomly coupled systems, including plane waves and globally collective resonances. We also devise counterintuitive functionalities in disordered systems, such as “small-world–like” transport from non–Anderson-type localization, phase-conserving disorder, and phase-controlled beam steering.

20

Cody, George, Ling Ye, Minyao Zhou, Ping Sheng, and Andrew N. Norris. "Experimental observation of bending wave localization." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 93, no. 4 (April 1993): 2291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.406531.

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Beenakker, C. W. J., K. J. H. van Bemmel, and P. W. Brouwer. "High-frequency dynamics of wave localization." Physical Review E 60, no. 6 (December 1, 1999): R6313—R6315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreve.60.r6313.

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Zhu, Jian-Xin, D. N. Sheng, and C. S. Ting. "Quasiparticle Localization in Disorderedd-Wave Superconductors." Physical Review Letters 85, no. 23 (December 4, 2000): 4944–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.85.4944.

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23

Esteban, Jaime, and Craig A. Rogers. "Wave localization due to material damping." Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 177, no. 1-2 (July 1999): 93–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-7825(98)00373-9.

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24

Sheng, Ping. "Wave localization in anisotropic random media." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 86, S1 (November 1989): S74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2027633.

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Sablowski, Jakob, Ziwen Zhao, and Christian Kupsch. "Ultrasonic Guided Waves for Liquid Water Localization in Fuel Cells: An Ex Situ Proof of Principle." Sensors 22, no. 21 (October 29, 2022): 8296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22218296.

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Water management is a key issue in the design and operation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). For an efficient and stable operation, the accumulation of liquid water inside the flow channels has to be prevented. Existing measurement methods for localizing water are limited in terms of the integration and application of measurements in operating PEMFC stacks. In this study, we present a measurement method for the localization of liquid water based on ultrasonic guided waves. Using a sparse sensing array of four piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWAS), the measurement requires only minor changes in the PEMFC cell design. The measurement method is demonstrated with ex situ measurements for water drop localization on a single bipolar plate. The wave propagation of the guided waves and their interaction with water drops on different positions of the bipolar plate are investigated. The complex geometry of the bipolar plate leads to complex guided wave responses. Thus, physical modeling of the wave propagation and tomographic methods are not suitable for the localization of the water drops. Using machine learning methods, it is demonstrated that the position of a water drop can be obtained from the guided wave responses despite the complex geometry of the bipolar plate. Our results show standard deviations of 4.2 mm and 3.3 mm in the x and y coordinates, respectively. The measurement method shows high potential for in situ measurements in PEMFC stacks as well as for other applications that require deposit localization on geometrically complex waveguides.

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Belzons, Max, Elisabeth Guazzelli, and Olivier Parodi. "Gravity waves on a rough bottom: experimental evidence of one-dimensional localization." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 186 (January 1988): 539–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112088000266.

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We present experimental evidence of the localization of linear gravity waves on a rough (i.e. random) bottom in a one-dimensional channel. The localization phenomenon is observed through very precise measurements in a wave tank. Viscous dissipation and rough-bed finite-size effects are examined. The experimental estimation of the localization lengths are compared with the theoretical predictions of Devillard, Dunlop & Souillard (1988). Finally, the resonant modes due to the disorder are directly observed for the first time.

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Kim Geok, Tan, Khaing Zar Aung, Moe Sandar Aung, Min Thu Soe, Azlan Abdaziz, Chia Pao Liew, Ferdous Hossain, Chih P. Tso, and Wong Hin Yong. "Review of Indoor Positioning: Radio Wave Technology." Applied Sciences 11, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11010279.

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The indoor positioning system (IPS) is becoming increasing important in accurately determining the locations of objects by the utilization of micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) involving smartphone sensors, embedded sources, mapping localizations, and wireless communication networks. Generally, a global positioning system (GPS) may not be effective in servicing the reality of a complex indoor environment, due to the limitations of the line-of-sight (LoS) path from the satellite. Different techniques have been used in indoor localization services (ILSs) in order to solve particular issues, such as multipath environments, the energy inefficiency of long-term battery usage, intensive labour and the resources of offline information collection and the estimation of accumulated positioning errors. Moreover, advanced algorithms, machine learning, and valuable algorithms have given rise to effective ways in determining indoor locations. This paper presents a comprehensive review on the positioning algorithms for indoors, based on advances reported in radio wave, infrared, visible light, sound, and magnetic field technologies. The traditional ranging parameters in addition to advanced parameters such as channel state information (CSI), reference signal received power (RSRP), and reference signal received quality (RSRQ) are also presented for distance estimation in localization systems. In summary, the recent advanced algorithms can offer precise positioning behaviour for an unknown environment in indoor locations.

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Zhang, Yu, Yu Feng, Xiaobo Rui, Lixin Xu, Lei Qi, Zi Yang, Cong Hu, Peng Liu, and Haijiang Zhang. "Acoustic Source Localization in CFRP Composite Plate Based on Wave Velocity-Direction Function Fitting." Sensors 23, no. 6 (March 12, 2023): 3052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23063052.

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Composite materials are widely used, but they are often subjected to impacts from foreign objects, causing structural damage. To ensure the safety of use, it is necessary to locate the impact point. This paper investigates impact sensing and localization technology for composite plates and proposes a method of acoustic source localization for CFRP composite plates based on wave velocity-direction function fitting. This method divides the grid of composite plates, constructs the theoretical time difference matrix of the grid points, and compares it with the actual time difference to form an error matching matrix to localize the impact source. In this paper, finite element simulation combined with a lead-break experiment is used to explore the wave velocity-angle function relationship of Lamb waves in composite materials. The simulation experiment is used to verify the feasibility of the localization method, and the lead-break experimental system is built to locate the actual impact source. The results show that the acoustic emission time-difference approximation method can effectively solve the problem of impact source localization in composite structures, and the average localization error is 1.44 cm and the maximum localization error is 3.35 cm in 49 experimental points with good stability and accuracy.

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Jardon, Zoé, Michaël Hinderdael, Tamas Regert, Jeroen Van Beeck, and Patrick Guillaume. "On the Nature of Pressure Wave Propagation through Ducts for Structural Health Monitoring Application." Applied Sciences 9, no. 5 (February 26, 2019): 837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9050837.

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An effective structural health monitoring system fully exploits the flexibility offered by the 3D printing process by integrating a smart structural health monitoring technology inside the 3D-printed components. The system relies on the propagation of pressure waves with constant propagation speed through circular capillaries embedded in the structure. The nature of these waves seems to be determinant for the accuracy of the crack localization system. To achieve a better physical understanding of the nature of the propagating waves through the capillaries, computational fluid dynamics simulations are performed and compared to experimental results obtained with a self-built test setup. The presence of propagating shock waves is observed in the simulations and experiments, as well as a complex reflection mechanism around the leak location. Shock waves show the characteristic of not propagating at a constant velocity. This property complicates the actual localization system. To solve this, the constant velocity assumption should be replaced with the effective velocity evolution to increase the localization accuracy. The amplitude of the shock wave is attenuated with propagating distance, which proves that the effect of friction plays an important role and can, in turn, influence the localization system.

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Xiao, Yongxiong, Huancai Lu, D. Michael McFarland, Lawrence A. Bergman, and Daren Zhou. "Analytical Solutions for Side-branch Impedance Producing Spatial Localization of Acoustic Waves in Ducts with Varying Cross Sections." International Journal of Acoustics and Vibration 26, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20855/ijav.2021.26.21750.

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Analytical mathematical models and solutions for spatial localization of acoustic waves through an impedance discontinuity produced by an intermediate damped side branch are studied in stationary media in ducts with varying cross sections. Three specific geometries, namely, with polynomial, sinusoidal, and exponential longitudinal variations, are investigated. The sound fields inside the ducts are modeled by Webster's horn equation. Traveling-wave solutions are obtained by appropriate transformations. The side-branch impedances required for spatial localization (confinement) of traveling and standing waves are found analytically and verified numerically using three-dimensional finite element analysis. The impact of the longitudinal variation of the duct's cross-sectional area (CSA) on the side-branch impedance is examined. It was found that the required side-branch resistance changes more than the reactance with the variation of the duct CSA. A measure of a traveling wave is defined to quantitatively examine the spatial localization of acoustic waves. It was found that the CSA corrections on the side-branch impedances are important. The results of this study reveal the quantitative relationships between the side-branch impedance and the CSA variations for zero reflection from the impedance discontinuity. The mathematical approach presented is potentially helpful for a design of a full anechoic termination and energy localization in duct systems.

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Wang, Qi, Jun Lan, Zhaoyu Deng, Yun Lai, and Xiaozhou Liu. "Acoustic source localization based on acoustic leaky-wave antenna with heterogeneous structure." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, no. 1 (January 2023): 487–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0016815.

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In this study, an acoustic leaky-wave antenna (LWA) with heterogeneous structure is proposed and the functions of the spatial directional radiation and acoustic source localization are achieved via utilizing the presented antenna configuration. In the radiating mode, the designed antenna possesses peculiar frequency-scanning characteristics, which enable it to determine the directional radiation of sound waves with diverse incident frequencies. Considering the receiving mode, the antenna emerges with explicit directional frequency characteristics, which ensure its function of spatial acoustic source localization. Additionally, compared with the traditional acoustic LWA, the proposed antenna structure exhibits sharper directivity and has potential applications in high-precision acoustic source localization.

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Khurjekar, Ishan D., and Joel B. Harley. "Sim-to-real localization: Environment resilient deep ensemble learning for guided wave damage localization." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 2 (February 2022): 1325–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0009580.

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Guided ultrasonic wave localization systems use spatially distributed sensor arrays and wave propagation models to detect and locate damage across a structure. Environmental and operational conditions, such as temperature or stress variations, introduce uncertainty into guided wave data and reduce the effectiveness of these localization systems. These uncertainties cause the models used by each localization algorithm to fail to match with reality. This paper addresses this challenge with an ensemble deep neural network that is trained solely with simulated data. Relative to delay-and-sum and matched field processing strategies, this approach is demonstrated to be more robust to temperature variations in experimental data. As a result, this approach demonstrates superior accuracy with small numbers of sensors and greater resilience to spatially nonhomogeneous temperature variations over time.

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Mu, Sun, Liu, and Wang. "High-Resolution Crack Localization Approach Based on Diffraction Wave." Sensors 19, no. 8 (April 25, 2019): 1951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19081951.

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The delay-and-sum imaging algorithm is a promising crack localization approach forcrack detection and monitoring of key structural regions. Most studies successfully offer a hole-likedamage position. However, cracks are more common than hole-like damages in a structure. To solvethis issue, this paper presents a crack localization approach, based on diffraction wave theory, whichis capable of imaging crack endpoints. The guided wave propagated to the crack endpoints andtransformed into a diffraction wave. A line sensor array was used to record the diffractionwaveform. Then, dispersion compensation was applied to shorten the dispersive wave packets andseparate the overlapping wave packets. Subsequently, half-wave compensation was executed toimprove the localization accuracy. Finally, the effectiveness of this high-resolution crack localizationmethod was validated by an experimental example.

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Deng ‎, Xiaohan, and Zhiyong Deng ‎. "The Matter Wave Is Space-Time Wave." Hyperscience International Journals 2, no. 3 (September 2022): 60–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.55672/hij2022pp60-75.

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This paper aims to point out that a wave function is a description of a quantum spatiotemporal ‎entanglement and the ‎‎transformation between time and space. In any quantum mechanical ‎representation, the real part of the wave function ‎‎represents the space wave and the imaginary ‎part represents the time wave, and they are the space-time itself. Time wave is ‎‎not limited by ‎space and dominates the nonlocality and integrity of a quantum. Matter wave is a four-‎dimensional space-time ‎‎wave, and the basic unit of vacuum is a four-dimensional space-time ‎element stationary relative to the observer. The essence ‎‎of quantum measurement or interaction is ‎that a conjugate condensation equivalent to that determined by inner product ‎‎operation occurs ‎between Space-time waves. Particle property is only the localization effect of quantum global ‎collapse when ‎‎quantum position measurement or equivalent interaction is made.‎

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Yan, Zhi Zhong, Chuan Zeng Zhang, and Yue Sheng Wang. "Elastic Wave Localization in Two-Dimensional Phononic Crystals with One-Dimensional Aperiodicity." Applied Mechanics and Materials 52-54 (March 2011): 1131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.52-54.1131.

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The band structures of in-plane elastic waves propagating in two-dimensional phononic crystals with one-dimensional aperiodicity are analyzed in this paper. The localization of wave propagation is discussed by introducing the concept of the localization factor that is calculated by the plane-wave-based transfer-matrix method. By treating the aperiodicity as the deviation from the periodicity in a special way, two kinds of aperiodic phononic crystals that have Thue-Morse and Rudin-Shapiro sequence in one direction and translational symmetry in the other direction are considered. The transmission coefficients based on eigenmode match theory are also calculated and the results show the same behaviors as the localization factor does. In the case of Thue-Morse and Rudin-Shapiro structures, the band structures of Thue-Morse sequence exhibit similarities with quasi-periodic sequence not present in the results of Rudin-Shapiro sequence.

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Jyoti, Suresh C. Sharma, and R. P. Sharma. "Localization and turbulence of beam-driven whistler wave with magnetosonic wave in magnetopause." Physics of Plasmas 30, no. 2 (February 2023): 022904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0134920.

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This study proposes a model to explain how energetic electron beams (produced by the magnetic reconnection process) cause whistler turbulence in the magnetic reconnection area of the magnetopause, as observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission. In this scenario, the energetic electron beam source has replaced the magnetic reconnection mechanism. We develop dynamic equations of the beam-driven whistler mode so that because of the large amplitude of the beam energy, it rises from the noise level. As a result, nonlinear effects follow due to ponderomotive force, which results in whistler wave localization; eventually, the turbulent state is achieved. A theoretical model is developed using the basic two-fluid equations and Maxwell's equations to study the dynamics of high-frequency whistler waves and low-frequency magnetosonic waves (MSWs). Then, using a pseudospectral approach and a finite difference method, a set of dimensionless equations for the whistler wave and MSWs was numerically solved. The outcomes of the numerical simulation show a localized structure and a turbulent power spectrum, which follow Kolmogorov scaling laws. It has also been clarified that the current investigations are pertinent to the most recent observations.

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Mei, M. Jeffrey, David M. Holland, Sridhar Anandakrishnan, and Tiantian Zheng. "Calving localization at Helheim Glacier using multiple local seismic stations." Cryosphere 11, no. 1 (February 22, 2017): 609–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-609-2017.

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Abstract. A multiple-station technique for localizing glacier calving events is applied to Helheim Glacier in southeastern Greenland. The difference in seismic-wave arrival times between each pairing of four local seismometers is used to generate a locus of possible event origins in the shape of a hyperbola. The intersection of the hyperbolas provides an estimate of the calving location. This method is used as the P and S waves are not distinguishable due to the proximity of the local seismometers to the event and the emergent nature of calving signals. We find that the seismic waves that arrive at the seismometers are dominated by surface (Rayleigh) waves. The surface-wave velocity for Helheim Glacier is estimated using a grid search with 11 calving events identified at Helheim from August 2014 to August 2015. From this, a catalogue of 11 calving locations is generated, showing that calving preferentially happens at the northern end of Helheim Glacier.

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Łukaszewski, Piotr, Łukasz Nogal, and Artur Łukaszewski. "The Identification of Travelling Waves in a Voltage Sensor Signal in a Medium Voltage Grid Using the Short-Time Matrix Pencil Method." Energies 15, no. 12 (June 12, 2022): 4307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15124307.

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Most of the fault wave localization methods are based on the analysis of line current transformed by current transformers and are limited to high voltage grids. Fault wave localization in medium voltage grids is still being developed. This paper presents a new real-time algorithm for the identification of travelling waves in a distribution grid using voltage signal and the short-time matrix pencil method. To obtain the secondary side voltage waveforms at substation, the model of a resistive voltage sensor based on the broadband measurements from 10 Hz to 20 MHz was developed. The tested sensor amplifies the frequencies associated with travelling waves more than utility frequency allowing for the identification. Short-circuit simulations on the IEEE 34-bus feeder was performed to test the algorithm. The developed method can detect even the waves of low amplitude.

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Wang, Yi Ze, Feng Ming Li, and Kikuo Kishimoto. "Flexural Wave Localization in Randomly Disordered Periodic Beams with Axial Load." Key Engineering Materials 462-463 (January 2011): 837–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.462-463.837.

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In this paper, the flexural wave propagation and localization in randomly disordered binary periodic beams with the axial load are studied. Based on the continuity conditions, the transfer matrix between the constitutive unit cells is derived. The expression of the localization length in the disordered periodic system is presented. Numerical calculations are performed to illustrate the localization characteristics of the flexural wave. The effects of the axial load on the band gap structures and the localization properties are discussed. From the results, we can observe that the properties of the pass band and stop band for the perfect system can be tuned by the axial load. Moreover, the localization properties of the flexural wave will be strengthened by the higher disordered degree.

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Weaver, Richard. "Localization, Scaling, and Diffuse Transport of Wave Energy in Disordered Media." Applied Mechanics Reviews 49, no. 2 (February 1, 1996): 126–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3101886.

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The Anderson localization literature in structural acoustics has to date been concerned largely with applications to the vibrations of one dimensional structures, whether mono-coupled or multi-coupled, and to steady state responses in such systems. This paper presents a brief tutorial on the theory of wave localization in one and higher dimensions with an emphasis on the scaling theory of localization. It then reviews the acoustic and optical literature on wave localization with an emphasis on diffuse time domain responses to transient loads. Numerical and laboratory experiments demonstrating localization in higher dimensions and investigating the time-domain behavior of such systems are discussed. Scaling theory is shown to provide predictions for localization lengths in weakly disordered multi-coupled systems, and for localization lengths in weakly disordered two-dimensional systems as well. Theoretical arguments for rates of diffuse transport are contrasted with the experimental evidence. The paper concludes with a discussion of wave energy confinement in non-localizing disordered systems.

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Mofiz, U. A., and U. De Angelis. "Nonlinear propagation and localization of intense electromagnetic waves in relativistic plasmas." Journal of Plasma Physics 33, no. 1 (February 1985): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002237780000235x.

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An analytical formulation is presented for envelope-type solutions of intense polarized electromagnetic waves propagating in cold unmagnetized plasmas. Induced charge separation is fully taken into account and nonlinearities due to mass variation of both electrons and ions are included. Localized solutions are found for the case of subluminous wave phase velocity. The spectrum of solutions (dependence of wave amplitude on the free parameters in the theory, phase velocity and frequency) is discussed and compared with previous analytical and numerical results.

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Abdukadirov, Sagdulla A., Mark V. Ayzenberg-Stepanenko, and Gregory G. Osharovich. "Resonant waves and localization phenomena in lattices." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 377, no. 2156 (September 2, 2019): 20190110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0110.

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Transient wave processes in mass-spring lattices excited by point oscillating sources are studied. Dispersion properties of uniform periodic three-dimensional (3D) square-cell and two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal-cell lattices including revealed star-shaped localization phenomena are analysed. The resonant-like waves and localization-like patterns in non-uniform lattices possessing predetermined and randomly distributed defects are numerically examined in order to identify the sensitivity of star-shape forms to different types of defects. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Modelling of dynamic phenomena and localization in structured media (part 1)’.

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Jiang, Tianshu, Anan Fang, Zhao-Qing Zhang, and Che Ting Chan. "Anomalous Anderson localization behavior in gain-loss balanced non-Hermitian systems." Nanophotonics 10, no. 1 (July 26, 2020): 443–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0306.

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AbstractIt has been shown recently that the backscattering of wave propagation in one-dimensional disordered media can be entirely suppressed for normal incidence by adding sample-specific gain and loss components to the medium. Here, we study the Anderson localization behaviors of electromagnetic waves in such gain-loss balanced random non-Hermitian systems when the waves are obliquely incident on the random media. We also study the case of normal incidence when the sample-specific gain-loss profile is slightly altered so that the Anderson localization occurs. Our results show that the Anderson localization in the non-Hermitian system behaves differently from random Hermitian systems in which the backscattering is suppressed.

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TIAN, CHU-SHUN, SAI-KIT CHEUNG, and ZHAO-QING ZHANG. "CAN DIFFUSION MODEL LOCALIZATION IN OPEN MEDIA?" International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 11 (January 2012): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s201019451200596x.

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We employed a first-principles theory – the supersymmetric field theory – formulated for wave transport in very general open media to study static transport of waves in quasi-one-dimensional localized samples. We predicted analytically and confirmed numerically that in these systems, localized waves display an unconventional diffusive phenomenon. Different from the prevailing self-consistent local diffusion model, our theory is capable of capturing all disorder-induced resonant transmissions, which give rise to significant enhancement of local diffusion inside a localized sample. Our theory should be able to be generalized to two- and three-dimensional open media, and open a new direction in the study of Anderson localization in open media.

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Allaire, G., and L. Friz. "Localization of high-frequency waves propagating in a locally periodic medium." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Section A Mathematics 140, no. 5 (October 2010): 897–926. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308210509000080.

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AbstractWe study the homogenization and localization of high-frequency waves in a locally periodic media with period ε. We consider initial data that are localized Bloch-wave packets, i.e. that are the product of a fast oscillating Bloch wave at a given frequency ξ and of a smooth envelope function whose support is concentrated at a point x with length scale $\sqrt\varepsilon$. We assume that (ξ, x) is a stationary point in the phase space of the Hamiltonian λ(ξ, x), i.e. of the corresponding Bloch eigenvalue. Upon rescaling at size $\sqrt\varepsilon$ we prove that the solution of the wave equation is approximately the sum of two terms with opposite phases which are the product of the oscillating Bloch wave and of two limit envelope functions which are the solution of two Schrödinger type equations with quadratic potential. Furthermore, if the full Hessian of the Hamiltonian λ(ξ, x) is positive definite, then localization takes place in the sense that the spectrum of each homogenized Schrödinger equation is made of a countable sequence of finite multiplicity eigenvalues with exponentially decaying eigenfunctions.

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Zuev, Lev, and Svetlana A. Barannikova. "Plastic Flow Localization Viewed as an Auto-Wave Process Generated in Deforming Metals." Solid State Phenomena 172-174 (June 2011): 1279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.172-174.1279.

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The localized plastic flow auto-waves observed for the stages of easy glide and linear work hardening in a number of metals are considered. The propagation rates were determined experimentally for the auto-waves in question with the aid of focused-image holography. The dispersion relation of quadratic form derived for localized plastic flow auto-waves and the dependencies of phase and group rates on wave number are discussed. A detailed comparison of the quantitative characteristics of phase and group waves has revealed that the two types of wave observed for the stages of easy glide and linear work hardening are closely related. An invariant is introduced for localized plastic flow phenomena occurring on the micro- and macro-scale levels in the deforming solid.

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Jo, Soo-Ho. "Impact of Input Signal Characteristics on Energy-Localization Performance of a Phononic Crystal with a Defect: A Comparative Study of Burst and Continuous Wave Excitation." Crystals 13, no. 5 (May 16, 2023): 827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13050827.

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This study examines the energy-localization performance of a one-dimensional phononic crystal (PnC) with a defect when exposed to burst waves of different cycle numbers under longitudinal waves. Using the finite element method, band structures of the defect-introduced PnC were calculated, revealing a phononic band-gap range, defect-band frequencies, and corresponding defect-mode shapes. The transient analysis examined the longitudinal displacement at the center of this defect in the time domain for various burst-wave scenarios. The results indicate that energy-localization performance inside the defect highly depended on the number of cycles. Energy-localization performance was better with larger cycles or continuous waves, although burst waves with a small number of cycles also showed some improvement, albeit limited. Moreover, burst waves with a small number of cycles did not clearly induce fixed-like boundary conditions (in other words, nodal points in standing waves) within the defect-introduced PnC, leading to obscure energy-localized behaviors. Key messages from this work can be summarized as follows. First, comparing the energy-localization performance under incident burst waves with different cycle numbers for different systems might not be appropriate. Second, the physically reasonable formation of defect-mode-enabled energy localization requires burst waves with a large (in the case study, over 500) number of cycles.

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Savotchenko, S. E. "Nonlinear surface waves propagating along composite waveguide consisting of nonlinear defocusing media separated by interfaces with nonlinear response." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 29, no. 01n02 (March 2020): 2050002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863520500022.

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The nonlinear surface waves propagating along the ultra-thin-film layers with nonlinear properties separating three nonlinear media layers are considered. The model based on a stationary nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a nonlinear potential modeling the interaction of a wave with the interface in a short-range approximation is proposed. We concentrated on effects induced by the difference of characteristics of the layers and their two interfaces. The surface waves of three types exist in the system considered. The dispersion relations determining the dependence of surface waves energy on interface intensities and medium layer characteristics are obtained and analyzed. The localization energy is calculated in explicit form for many difference cases. The conditions of the wave localization on dependence of the layer and interface characteristics are derived. The surface waves with definite energies in specific cases existing only in the presence of the interface nonlinear response are found. All results are obtained in an explicit analytical form.

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Punacha, Shreyas, Sebastian Berg, Anupama Sebastian, Valentin I. Krinski, Stefan Luther, and T. K. Shajahan. "Spiral wave unpinning facilitated by wave emitting sites in cardiac monolayers." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 475, no. 2230 (October 2019): 20190420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2019.0420.

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Rotating spiral waves of electrical activity in the heart can anchor to unexcitable tissue (an obstacle) and become stable pinned waves. A pinned rotating wave can be unpinned either by a local electrical stimulus applied close to the spiral core, or by an electric field pulse that excites the core of a pinned wave independently of its localization. The wave will be unpinned only when the pulse is delivered inside a narrow time interval called the unpinning window (UW) of the spiral. In experiments with cardiac monolayers, we found that other obstacles situated near the pinning centre of the spiral can facilitate unpinning. In numerical simulations, we found increasing or decreasing of the UW depending on the location, orientation and distance between the pinning centre and an obstacle. Our study indicates that multiple obstacles could contribute to unpinning in experiments with intact hearts.

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Li, Jiapeng, and Lei Qin. "Study on Acoustic Emission Localization of Concrete Using Modified Velocity." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (May 21, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6890327.

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To improve the accuracy of the acoustic emission (AE) source localization, a new 3D AE source localization method was investigated which used a combination of the modified velocity and the 3D localization algorithm based on the exhaustive method. The wave speed has a significant effect on the AE location results. With the increase of distance, the AE signal seriously attenuated due to the anisotropy of concrete, and the measured velocity changed for various distances. The velocity-distance curves were obtained when employing different water-cement ratios (W/C) and aggregate sizes. However, the current AE location system adopted constant wave velocity. As a result, the error was tremendous. The accuracy of the localization before and after the modified velocity was compared. The 3D localization results showed that compared with the constant wave velocity, the position deviation of the modified velocity was smaller and the localization results with the modified velocity were more accurate.

Journal articles on the topic 'Wave localization'

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