Relevant bibliographies by topics / Wave based models

Academic literature on the topic 'Wave based models'

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Published: 5 October 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Wave based models"

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Firdaus, Nurman, Baharuddin Ali, Mochammad Nasir, and M. Muryadin. "The Wave Heights Distribution of Random Wave Based on Ocean Basin." Kapal: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Kelautan 17, no. 3 (October 1, 2020): 114–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/kapal.v17i3.31021.

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The wave height parameter in ocean waves is one of the important information for a marine structure design. The present paper investigates the results of wave heights distribution from laboratory-generated for single sea state. Data of the random wave time series collected at the ocean basin are analyzed using the wave spectrum and compared with the theoretical spectrum in this study. The random wave data is varied with four sea states consisting of sea states 3, 4, 5 and 6 obtained from laboratory measurements. The parameter conditions of generated sea waves are represented by a value of significant wave height and wave peak period in the range of sea states. The individual wave heights data in each sea state are presented in the form of exceedance probability distribution and the predictions using a linear model. This study aims to estimate the wave heights distribution using the Rayleigh and Weibull distribution model. Furthermore, the accuracy of the wave heights distribution data's prediction results in each sea state has been compared and examined for both models. The applied linear models indicate similar and reasonable estimations on the observed data trends.
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Jialei, Lv, Shi Jian, Zhang Wenjing, Xia Jingmin, and Wang Qianhui. "Numerical simulations on waves in the Northwest Pacific Ocean based on SWAN models." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2486, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 012034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2486/1/012034.

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Abstract Waves are one of the most important dynamic phenomena in the ocean, and thus numerical simulations of ocean wave is of great importance. Based on SWAN wave numerical model, this paper simulates the waves in the Northwest Pacific Ocean and analyzes the wave height field in the sea area. Moreover, A new wave period parameterization scheme is proposed according to the relationship between the wave height and wave period, in addition, the simulation mode of wave period elements in the Northwest Pacific Ocean is optimized by analyzing the difference of wave period under the proposed parameterization scheme.
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Zhang, Huichen, and Markus Brühl. "GENERATION OF EXTREME TRANSIENT WAVES IN EXPERIMENTAL MODELS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.waves.51.

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The transfer of natural waves and sea states into small- and large-scale model teste contributes to the proper design of offshore and coastal structure. Such shallow-water ocean surface waves are highly nonlinear and subject to wave transformation and nonlinear wave-wave interactions. However, the standard methods of wave generation according to conventional wave theories and wave analysis methods are limited to simple regular waves, simple sea states and low-order wave generation without considering the nonlinear wave-wave interactions. The research project Generation of Extreme Transient Waves in Experimental Models (ExTraWaG) aims to accurately generate target transient wave profile at a pre-defined position in the wave flume (transfer point) under shallow water conditions. For this purpose, the KdV-based nonlinear Fourier transform is introduced as a continuative wave analysis method and is applied to investigate the nonlinear spectral character of experimental wave data. Furthermore, the method is applied to generate transient nonlinear waves as specific locations in the wave flume, considering the nonlinear transformation and interactions of the propagating waves.
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BAL, GUILLAUME, and OLIVIER PINAUD. "IMAGING USING TRANSPORT MODELS FOR WAVE–WAVE CORRELATIONS." Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences 21, no. 05 (May 2011): 1071–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218202511005258.

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We consider the imaging of objects buried in unknown heterogeneous media. The medium is probed by using classical (e.g. acoustic or electromagnetic) waves. When heterogeneities in the medium become too strong, inversion methodologies based on a microscopic description of wave propagation (e.g. a wave equation or Maxwell's equations) become strongly dependent on the unknown details of the heterogeneous medium. In some situations, it is preferable to use a macroscopic model for a quantity that is quadratic in the wave fields. Here, such macroscopic models take the form of radiative transfer equations also referred to as transport equations. They can model either the energy density of the propagating wave fields or more generally the correlation of two wave fields propagating in possibly different media. In particular, we consider the correlation of the two fields propagating in the heterogeneous medium when the inclusion is absent and present, respectively. We present theoretical and numerical results showing that reconstructions based on this correlation are more accurate than reconstructions based on measurements of the energy density.
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Pruser, H. H., H. Schaper, and W. Zielke. "IRREGULAR WAVE TRANSFORMATION IN A BOUSSINESO WAVE MODEL." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 20 (January 29, 1986): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v20.205.

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Numerical wave models for shallow water waves are of particular importance for the calculation of the wave climate in harbours and coastal areas. Especially nonlinear time domain models, which are based on the Boussinesq-Wave- Equations, may be helpful in the future for simulating the interaction of currents with refraction, diffraction, reflection and for simulating shoaling..-of irregular waves in natural areas; a potential which has not yet been fully developed. During the last ten years numerical models, based on these equations, have been published; such as ABBOTT et. al. , HAUGUEL and SCHAPER / ZIELKE . Research on this topic is currently being carried on. Some efforts have been made to verify the capability of the models to describe the various physical phenomena. However, up to now, verification has been limited to regular waves. The aim of this paper therefore is, to consider questions concerning irregular, nonlinear waves.
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Mori, Nobuhito, Joao Morim, Mark Hemer, Xiaolan L. Wang, and COWCLIP Project. "ENSEMBLE WAVE CLIMATE PROJECTIONS BASED ON CMIP5 MODELS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36v (December 28, 2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36v.waves.23.

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A warming climate has the potential to not only raise sea level but also exacerbate coastal hazards due to changes in storm frequency and intensity. Along open coasts where wave energy is often the dominant process dictating shoreline positions, changes in mean and extreme wave conditions are likely to alter long-term geomorphic evolution patterns. The Coordinated Ocean Wave Climate Project (COWCLIP) is to provide infrastructure to support a systematic, community-based framework that allows for validation and inter-comparison of wave projections. Here, the primary aims are to 1) present quantitative evaluations of projected global scale wave conditions and 2) to present the framework and preliminary results of regional wave modeling that will provide projections of nearshore wave conditions for use in long-term geomorphic change analyzes.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/Y6BEHq5wZXw
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Hernandez-Duenas, Gerardo, Leslie M. Smith, and Samuel N. Stechmann. "Investigation of Boussinesq dynamics using intermediate models based on wave–vortical interactions." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 747 (April 15, 2014): 247–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2014.138.

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AbstractNonlinear coupling among wave modes and vortical modes is investigated with the following question in mind: can we distinguish the wave–vortical interactions largely responsible for formation versus evolution of coherent, balanced structures? The two main case studies use initial conditions that project only onto the vortical-mode flow component of the rotating Boussinesq equations: (i) an initially balanced dipole and (ii) random initial data in the vortical modes. Both case studies compare quasi-geostrophic (QG) dynamics (involving only nonlinear interactions between vortical modes) to the dynamics of intermediate models allowing for two-way feedback between wave modes and vortical modes. For an initially balanced dipole with symmetry across the$\hat{\boldsymbol {x}}$-axis, the QG dipole will propagate along the$\hat{\boldsymbol {x}}$-axis while the trajectory of the Boussinesq dipole exhibits a cyclonic drift. Compared to a forced linear (FL) model with one-way forcing of wave modes by the vortical modes, the simplest intermediate model with two-way feedback involving vortical–vortical–wave interactions is able to capture the speed and trajectory of the dipole for roughly ten times longer at Rossby$Ro$and Froude$Fr$numbers$Ro = Fr \approx 0.1$. Despite its success at tracking the dipole, the latter intermediate model does not accurately capture the details of the flow structure within the adjusted dipole. For decay from random initial conditions in the vortical modes, the full Boussinesq equations generate vortices that are smaller than QG vortices, indicating that wave–vortical interactions are fundamental for creating the correct balanced state. The intermediate model with QG and vortical–vortical–wave interactions actually prevents the formation of vortices. Taken together these case studies suggest that: vortical–vortical–wave interactions create waves and thereby influence the evolution of balanced structures; vortical–wave–wave interactions take energy out of the wave modes and contribute in an essential way to the formation of coherent balanced structures.
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Gogin, Aleksandr G., and Izmail G. Kantarzhi. "Numerical simulation of sea-wave diffraction with random phases on breakwaters." Vestnik MGSU, no. 4 (April 2023): 615–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2023.4.615-626.

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Introduction. Numerical simulation of sea gravity waves interaction with seaport barriers using modern numerical wave models is considered. The predictive power of some commonly used models is examined in relation to the diffraction of sea waves with a random phase in comparison with known analytical methods and experimental data. Materials and methods. Numerical simulation is carried out using modern numerical wave models implemented in the DHI MIKE 21 software package. A spectral wave model with a function for correcting wave diffraction in shallow water and a phase-resolving wave model based on the Boussinesq equations are used. Results. Distribution of diffraction coefficients behind the breakwaters of the conventional port water area has been obtained for all models. As a result of the comparison, it was found that models of irregular waves (waves with random phases) have better wave energy distribution behind the breakwaters as compared to regular (monochromatic) wave models. It is noted that the type of frequency distribution of random waves has almost no effect on the diffraction coefficients of the water area, while the angular distribution, on the contrary, has a significant effect. Conclusions. The wave model based on the Boussinesq equations in the irregular wave approximation is determined as the numerical wave model with the best predictive ability. The spectral wave model with diffraction correction function, which is less demanding on computer power, also made it possible to obtain results close to the reference ones. It is confirmed that regular wave propagation modelling of sea waves can give incorrect results in those seaport water areas where wave diffraction effects are strong.
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SU, MING, GARY G. YEN, and R. R. RHINEHART. "GA-BASED TIME SERIES MODELS WITH THRESHOLD IN TWO DOMAINS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 18, no. 04 (June 2009): 801–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812660900537x.

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A new threshold time series model is proposed whose submodels are extended from AR to SARIMA and whose domains having thresholds are extended to two. By these two extensions, the newly proposed models offer more flexibility to piecewisely approximate nonstationary time series by a finite number of local stationary models. A genetic algorithm is applied to simultaneously search for appropriate model structures, estimate the optimal model coefficients, as well as partition space by finding appropriate thresholds. The resulting model is applied to a synthetic multi-frequency sine wave and two financial time series with improved modeling quality. The proposed model is also applied to seismogram analysis in order to recognize earthquake wave pattern related to locate arrival time of different waves.
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Zhang, Jun. "Hybrid Wave Models and Their Applications for Steep Ocean Waves." Marine Technology Society Journal 33, no. 3 (January 1, 1999): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.33.3.3.

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Bound-wave components resulting from inter-actions among free-wave components have significant effects on resultant wave properties, especially in a steep ocean wave field. Hybrid Wave Models (HWM) distinguish the bound-wave from free-wave components in the decomposition of an irregular wave field as well as the prediction of its resultant proper-ties. To ensure the convergence, the HWMs selectively use the conventional and phase modulation approaches to address the nonlinear interactions between-free-wave components of different frequency ratios. The models are able to predict resultant wave properties accurately and deterministically based on the time-series measurements at fixed points. Four examples of their applications to the prediction of wave properties and wave-structure interactions are presented, which demonstrate the usefulness of HWMs to the studies of ocean surface waves.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wave based models"

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Tegethoff, Mauro Viana. "IMPLEMENTATION OF THE WAVEFORM RELAXATION ALGORITHM BASED ON CHEBYSHEV POLYNOMIALS IN SPICE." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275391.

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Treiber, Martin Paul. "Characterization of cement-based multiphase materials using ultrasonic wave attenuation." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26588.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Jacobs, Laurence J.; Committee Member: Kim, Jin-Yeon; Committee Member: Qu, Jianmin. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Pirkl, Ryan J. "Measurement-based investigations of radio wave propagation: an exposé on building corner diffraction." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33961.

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Predicting performance metrics for the next-generation of multi-mode and multi-antenna wireless communication systems demands site-specific knowledge of the wireless channel's underlying radio wave propagation mechanisms. This thesis describes the first measurement system capable of characterizing individual propagation mechanisms in situ. The measurement system merges a high-resolution spatio-temporal wireless channel sounder with a new field reconstruction technique to provide complete knowledge of the wireless channel's impulse response throughout a 2-dimensional region. This wealth of data may be combined with space-time filtering techniques to isolate and characterize individual propagation mechanisms. The utility of the spatio-temporal measurement system is demonstrated through a measurement-based investigation of diffraction around building corners. These measurements are combined with space-time filtering techniques and a new linear wedge diffraction model to extract the first semi-mpirical diffraction coefficient. Specific contributions of this thesis are: * The first ultra-wideband single-input multiple-output (SIMO) channel sounder based upon the sliding correlator architecture. * A quasi 2-dimensional field reconstruction technique based upon a conjoint cylindrical wave expansion of coherent perimeter measurements. * A wireless channel ``filming' technique that records the time-domain evolution of the wireless channel throughout a 2-dimensional region. * High-resolution measurements of the space-time wireless channel near a right-angled brick building corner. * The application of space-time filtering techniques to isolate the edge diffraction problem from the overall wireless channel. * An approximate uniform geometrical theory of diffraction (UTD)-style linear model describing diffraction by an impedance wedge. * The first-ever semi-empirical diffraction coefficient extracted from in situ measurement data. This thesis paves the way for several new avenues of research. The comprehensive measurement data provided by channel "filming" will enable researchers to develop and implement powerful space-time filtering techniques that facilitate measurement-based investigations of radio wave propagation. The measurement procedure described in this thesis may be adapted to extract realistic reflection and rough-surface scattering coefficients. Finally, exhaustive measurements of individual propagation mechanisms will enable the first semi-empirical propagation model that integrates empirical descriptions of propagation mechanisms into a UTD-style mechanistic framework.
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Castro, Simon Joseph. "T-wave morphology and atrio-ventricular conduction : insights from novel image-based models of the whole heart." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/twave-morphology-and-atrioventricular-conduction-insights-from-novel-imagebased-models-of-the-whole-heart(3626ead4-1cf0-4228-a70c-827b828e8f06).html.

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Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in developed countries, and places a huge demand on healthcare services and economies across the globe. In this thesis computational models of the rabbit and mouse whole heart were developed and used to investigate a variety of phenomena related to cardiac electrophysiology. In part I, a heterogeneous family of single cell models was developed for the rabbit ventricles. The models were incorporated into a 3D anatomical reconstruction, and subsequently used to study the relationship between ventricular heterogeneity and the electrocardiographic T-wave. It was found that, in order of significance, apico-basal, inter-ventricular and transmural heterogeneity had a lead-dependent effect on the T-wave of the 12-lead electrocardiogram. Subsequently, a detailed model of the rabbit whole heart was developed using image data from X-ray computed tomography, from which detailed anatomical structures were segmented and myocardial architecture determined. The developed 3D whole heart model exhibited physiological fibre structure and experimentally justified patterns of activation. In part II, a mathematical model of the mouse atrioventricular node was developed. The model was validated by its ability to show physiological pacemaking and response to ion channel blocking. The model was subsequently adapted to consider the heterogeneous nature of the atrioventricular node, and incorporated into a 2D simplistic tissue model of the whole heart. The developed model exhibited physiological atrioventricular conduction, and provided insights into the nature of dual-pathway electrophysiology and the role of the funny current. Finally, an optimisation study was carried out for contrast enhancement of X-ray computed tomography, specifically for imaging the mouse heart, the results of which may be used to facilitate future high-throughput imaging of cardiac tissue.
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Ramalingam, Dhandayudhapani. "DESIGN AIDS FOR AIR VESSELS FOR TRANSIENT PROTECTION OF LARGE PIPE NETWORKS - A FRAMEWORK BASED ON PARAMETERIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE-BASE DERIVED FROM OPTIMIZED NETWORK MODELS." UKnowledge, 2007. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/489.

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The need for optimal air vessel sizing tools, in protecting large pipe networks from undue transient pressures is well known. Graphical and other heuristic methods reported in literature are limited to sizing the air vessels for simple rising mains. Although attempts have been made to utilize optimization techniques, they have been largely unsuccessful due to their impractical computational requirements. This research work proposes a robust framework for developing surge protection design tools and demonstrates the usefulness of the framework through an example air vessel sizing tool. Efficiency and robustness of the proposed framework are demonstrated by developing a design aid for air vessel sizing for protecting large pipe network systems against excessive high pressures generated by rapid valve closures. The essence of the proposed framework is in identification of key transient response parameters influencing air vessel parameters from seemingly unmanageable transient response data. This parameterization helps in exploiting the similarity between transient responses of small pipe networks and sub-sections of large pipe networks. The framework employs an extensive knowledgebase of transient pressure and flow scenarios defined from several small network models and corresponding optimal air vessel sizes obtained from a genetic algorithm optimizer. A regression model based on an artificial neural network was used on this knowledgebase to identify key parameters influencing air vessel sizes. These key parameters were used as input variables and the corresponding air vessel parameters as output variables to train the neural network model. The trained neural network model was successfully applied for large complex pipe networks to obtain optimal air vessel sizes for transient protection. The neural network model predictions were compared with optimal air vessel parameters to assess the efficacy of the proposed framework. The validity and limitation of the design aid developed and areas in the framework that need further research are also presented. The proposed frame work requires generation of hundreds of optimization data for small and simple network systems which is a daunting task since genetic algorithm-based optimization is computationally expensive. Selection of a numerically efficient and sufficiently accurate transient analysis method for use inside a genetic algorithm based optimization scheme is crucial as any reduction in transient analysis time for a network system would tremendously reduce the computational costs of bi-level genetic algorithm optimization scheme. This research work also demonstrate that the Wave Plan Method is computationally more efficient than the Method of Characteristics for similar accuracies and the resulting savings in computational costs in the transient analysis of pipe networks and subsequently in the genetic algorithm based optimization schemes are significant.
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Chan, Ne Xun. "One- and Three-dimensional P- and S-wave Velocity Models of Central and Southern Sweden Based on SNSN Data." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Geofysik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-231929.

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The velocity structures of southern and central part of Sweden have been derived with the local tomography (LET) method. The region has been divided into two study areas and the datasets come from the P- and S-wave traveltimes recorded by the Swedish National Seismic Network (SNSN). Man-made explosions and earthquakes occurring over the period of 5 years and 10 years, respectively, within the study areas have been used. One-dimensional starting models were derived based on an a priori model obtained from the SNSN, that were later used for starting models in the inversion for the 3-D crustal structures of the study areas. Attempts were also made to invert for Moho topography in the areas. The study areas are found to have an upper-crustal thickness of approximately 20 to 25 km and the Moho boundaries vary from 42 to 46 km in depth. The Vp/Vs ratios varies from about 1.68 to 1.78. The LET method appear to resolve the different between the Sveconorgwegian and Svecofennian orogen regions, but the stations and sources are too sparsely distributed for higher resolution models. The seismicity in the study areas are distributed in two distinctive depth ranges. The focal depth of the SNSN catalogued earthquakes concentrated in approximately 5 km and 15 - 20 km depth. Relocations of the earthquakes using a global search method reduced this tendency. The results also show that using 3-D models produces less biased results than using 1-D models with the same relocation method.
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Jain, Jayesh R. "Homogenization Based Damage Models for Monotonic and Cyclic Loading in 3D Composite Materials." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1230431496.

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Sidelel, Mihret Getye. "Simulation-Based Stochastic Blockage Model for Millimeter-wave Communication." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-276841.

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Recently, the growing demand for high data rates in wireless communication, together with the scarcity of spectrum in existing microwave bands, has motivated the use of millimeter-wave (mmWave) bands for 5G and future wireless communications. Even though mmWaves are potential candidates for fulfilling this rising demand, they come along with their own drawbacks that need to be addressed. Sensitivity to blockages is one of these drawbacks. It is a major channel impairment that is of concern in the design of mmWaves communication systems. As such, different industrial and academic research activities have been performed and are in progress for modeling and characterizing blockages in mmWave communication systems. However, most of the proposed blockage models failed to capture the temporal correlation of the blockages and the dynamics of the channel’s environment.In order to address this issue, this thesis work aims to develop a simple Stochastic Blockage Model for mmWave communication channels. The model uses two-states (ON and OFF states) to represent Line of Sight (LoS) and Non-Line of Sight (NLoS) conditions, respectively. Using simulation-based analysis, the behavior and probability of the LoS and the NLoS situations of a communication link over time have been analyzed. It is demonstrated that the proposed blockage model can capture the behaviors of the probability of a link being blocked or not in a dynamic environment. It was also found to be adequate to model and characterize the effects of blockage in mmWave communication systems. The accuracy of the model was evaluated to be satisfactory by validating the results against a benchmark which was derived from actual data. It is possible to characterize mmWave communication on a system-level by using this model. Thus, this work provides researchers with a simple simulation-based blockage model to help facilitate the study and design of mmWave communication systems.
Den växande efterfrågan på höga nedladdningshastigheter i trådlösa kommunikationssystem, i kombination med en brist på tillgängliga frekvensband i nuvarande mikrovågsband, har medfört att millimetervågsbandet ses som ett attraktivt alternativ för 5G och andra framtida trådlösa kommunikationssystem. Även om det är troligt att millimetervågsbandet kommer att vara en del av lösningen för att uppfylla efterfrågeökningen har det en del negativa egenskaper som måste beaktas och tas hänsyn till. Känslighet för blockering är en sådan typisk nackdel som avsevärt försämrar radiokanalen i ett millimetervågssystem. Både från näringslivets sida och inom den akademiska världen har det forskats inom detta område. Den har bestått av karakterisering och framtagning av modeller som beskriver kommunikationssystem på dessa frekvensband med avseende på blockering. Emellertid har de flesta föreslagna modellerna har misslyckats fånga upp de temporala korrelation av de blokeringar och de dynamiken av kanalens miljö.Den här avhandlingen har som mål att utveckla en enkel stokastisk blockeringsmodell för millimetervågsbandet för att ta itu med just dessa frågor. Modellen använder två tillstånd (ON och OFF tillstånd) för att representera Line of Sight (LoS) respektive Non-Line of Sight (NLoS) utbredning. Simuleringar av kanalen har gjorts för att analysera de tidsmässiga egenskaperna och sannolikheten för utbredning via direktvåg respektive skuggning. Det visas att den föreslagna skuggningsmodellen kan beskriva det dynamiska beteendet och sannolikheten för att länken är blockerad. Den konstateras också vara adekvat för att modellera och karakterisera kommunikationssystem för millimetervågsbandet med avseende på blockering. Modellens noggrannhet har utvärderats och den anses vara tillfredsställande genom att resultaten validerats mot ett riktmärke som är baserat på verkligt data. Det är möjligt att karakterisera millimetervågskommunikation på systemnivå genom att använda denna modell. Detta verk förser således forskare med en enkel simuleringsbaserad blockeringsmodell som främjar studier och framtagning av kommunikationssystem på millimetervågsbandet.
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Nappi, Angela. "Development and Application of a Discontinuous Galerkin-based Wave Prediction Model." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1385998191.

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Jones, Christina Michele. "Applications and challenges in mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54830.

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Metabolomics is the methodical scientific study of biochemical processes associated with the metabolome—which comprises the entire collection of metabolites in any biological entity. Metabolome changes occur as a result of modifications in the genome and proteome, and are, therefore, directly related to cellular phenotype. Thus, metabolomic analysis is capable of providing a snapshot of cellular physiology. Untargeted metabolomics is an impartial, all-inclusive approach for detecting as many metabolites as possible without a priori knowledge of their identity. Hence, it is a valuable exploratory tool capable of providing extensive chemical information for discovery and hypothesis-generation regarding biochemical processes. A history of metabolomics and advances in the field corresponding to improved analytical technologies are described in Chapter 1 of this dissertation. Additionally, Chapter 1 introduces the analytical workflows involved in untargeted metabolomics research to provide a foundation for Chapters 2 – 5. Part I of this dissertation which encompasses Chapters 2 – 3 describes the utilization of mass spectrometry (MS)-based untargeted metabolomic analysis to acquire new insight into cancer detection. There is a knowledge deficit regarding the biochemical processes of the origin and proliferative molecular mechanisms of many types of cancer which has also led to a shortage of sensitive and specific biomarkers. Chapter 2 describes the development of an in vitro diagnostic multivariate index assay (IVDMIA) for prostate cancer (PCa) prediction based on ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) metabolic profiling of blood serum samples from 64 PCa patients and 50 healthy individuals. A panel of 40 metabolic spectral features was found to be differential with 92.1% sensitivity, 94.3% specificity, and 93.0% accuracy. The performance of the IVDMIA was higher than the prevalent prostate-specific antigen blood test, thus, highlighting that a combination of multiple discriminant features yields higher predictive power for PCa detection than the univariate analysis of a single marker. Chapter 3 describes two approaches that were taken to investigate metabolic patterns for early detection of ovarian cancer (OC). First, Dicer-Pten double knockout (DKO) mice that phenocopy many of the features of metastatic high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) observed in women were studied. Using UPLC-MS, serum samples from 14 early-stage tumor DKO mice and 11 controls were analyzed. Iterative multivariate classification selected 18 metabolites that, when considered as a panel, yielded 100% accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for early-stage HGSC detection. In the second approach, serum metabolic phenotypes of an early-stage OC pilot patient cohort were characterized. Serum samples were collected from 24 early-stage OC patients and 40 healthy women, and subsequently analyzed using UPLC-MS. Multivariate statistical analysis employing support vector machine learning methods and recursive feature elimination selected a panel of metabolites that differentiated between age-matched samples with 100% cross-validated accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. This small pilot study demonstrated that metabolic phenotypes may be useful for detecting early-stage OC and, thus, supports conducting larger, more comprehensive studies. Many challenges exist in the field of untargeted metabolomics. Part II of this dissertation which encompasses Chapters 4 – 5 focuses on two specific challenges. While metabolomic data may be used to generate hypothesis concerning biological processes, determining causal relationships within metabolic networks with only metabolomic data is impractical. Proteins play major roles in these networks; therefore, pairing metabolomic information with that acquired from proteomics gives a more comprehensive snapshot of perturbations to metabolic pathways. Chapter 4 describes the integration of MS- and NMR-based metabolomics with proteomics analyses to investigate the role of chemically mediated ecological interactions between Karenia brevis and two diatom competitors, Asterionellopsis glacialis and Thalassiosira pseudonana. This integrated systems biology approach showed that K. brevis allelopathy distinctively perturbed the metabolisms of these two competitors. A. glacialis had a more robust metabolic response to K. brevis allelopathy which may be a result of its repeated exposure to K. brevis blooms in the Gulf of Mexico. However, K. brevis allelopathy disrupted energy metabolism and obstructed cellular protection mechanisms including altering cell membrane components, inhibiting osmoregulation, and increasing oxidative stress in T. pseudonana. This work represents the first instance of metabolites and proteins measured simultaneously to understand the effects of allelopathy or in fact any form of competition. Chromatography is traditionally coupled to MS for untargeted metabolomics studies. While coupling chromatography to MS greatly enhances metabolome analysis due to the orthogonality of the techniques, the lengthy analysis times pose challenges for large metabolomics studies. Consequently, there is still a need for developing higher throughput MS approaches. A rapid metabolic fingerprinting method that utilizes a new transmission mode direct analysis in real time (TM-DART) ambient sampling technique is presented in Chapter 5. The optimization of TM-DART parameters directly affecting metabolite desorption and ionization, such as sample position and ionizing gas desorption temperature, was critical in achieving high sensitivity and detecting a broad mass range of metabolites. In terms of reproducibility, TM-DART compared favorably with traditional probe mode DART analysis, with coefficients of variation as low as 16%. TM-DART MS proved to be a powerful analytical technique for rapid metabolome analysis of human blood sera and was adapted for exhaled breath condensate (EBC) analysis. To determine the feasibility of utilizing TM-DART for metabolomics investigations, TM-DART was interfaced with traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS) time-of-flight (TOF) MS for the analysis of EBC samples from cystic fibrosis patients and healthy controls. TM-DART-TWIMS-TOF MS was able to successfully detect cystic fibrosis in this small sample cohort, thereby, demonstrating it can be employed for probing metabolome changes. Finally, in Chapter 6, a perspective on the presented work is provided along with goals on which future studies may focus.
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Books on the topic "Wave based models"

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Lee, William Hung Kan, 1940-, Dodge D. A, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. A course on: PC-based seismic networks. [Menlo Park, Calif.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1992.

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Yuan-Liang, Tang, Devadiga Sadashiva, United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., Pennsylvania State University. Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering., and Langley Research Center, eds. A model-based approach for detection of objects in low resolution passive millimeter wave images. University Park, PA: Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 1993.

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Grasmeijer, Bart. Process-based cross-shore modelling of barred beaches. Utrecht: Royal Dutch Geographical Society, 2002.

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James, Gartside, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Nonlinear interaction between a pair of oblique modes in a supersonic mixing layer: Long wave limit. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Huang, Hui. The use of literature based elasticity estimates in calibrated models of trade-wage decompositions: A calibmetric approach. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2003.

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Condon, Timothy. Exchange rate-based disinflation, wage rigidity, and capital inflows: Tradeoffs for Chile, 1977-81. Washington, DC: Country Economics Dept., World Bank, 1989.

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Lewis Research Center. Institute for Computational Mechanics in Propulsion., ed. On the behavior of three-dimensional wave packets in viscously spreading mixing layers. Cleveland, Ohio: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, Institute for Computational Mechanics in Propulsion, 1994.

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Lewis Research Center. Institute for Computational Mechanics in Propulsion, ed. On the behavior of three-dimensional wave packets in viscously spreading mixing layers. Cleveland, Ohio: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, Institute for Computational Mechanics in Propulsion, 1994.

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Lewis Research Center. Institute for Computational Mechanics in Propulsion., ed. On the behavior of three-dimensional wave packets in viscously spreading mixing layers. Cleveland, Ohio: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, Institute for Computational Mechanics in Propulsion, 1994.

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Lewis Research Center. Institute for Computational Mechanics in Propulsion., ed. On the behavior of three-dimensional wave packets in viscously spreading mixing layers. Cleveland, Ohio: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, Institute for Computational Mechanics in Propulsion, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Wave based models"

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Rattanapitikon, W., and N. T. Duong. "Parametric Wave Models for Computing Statistical-Based and Spectral-Based Root-Mean-Square Wave Heights." In APAC 2019, 681–86. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0291-0_93.

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Tsynkov, Semyon V. "Lacunae-Based Artificial Boundary Conditions for the Numerical Simulation of Unsteady Waves Governed by Vector Models." In Mathematical and Numerical Aspects of Wave Propagation WAVES 2003, 103–8. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55856-6_16.

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Tanha, Mahdieh, and Brian F. Feeny. "Evaluation of Traveling Wave Models for Carangiform Swimming Based on Complex Modes." In Topics in Modal Analysis & Testing, Volume 9, 335–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74700-2_38.

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Sato, Haruo, and Michael C. Fehler. "Envelope Synthesis Based on the Radiative Transfer Theory: Multiple Scattering Models." In Seismic Wave Propagation and Scattering in the Heterogeneous Earth, 173–227. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2202-6_7.

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Sato, Haruo, and Michael C. Fehler. "Envelope Synthesis Based on the Radiative Transfer Theory: Multiple Scattering Models." In Seismic Wave Propagation and Scattering in the Heterogeneous Earth, 173–227. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89623-4_7.

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John, Volker. "LES Models Which are Based on Approximations in Wave Number Space." In Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering, 47–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18682-0_4.

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Sukhinov, Alexander, Elena Protsenko, Sofya Protsenko, and Natalia Panasenko. "Wind Wave Dynamic’s Analysis Based on 3D Wave Hydrodynamics and SWAN Models Using Remote Sensing Data." In Fundamental and Applied Scientific Research in the Development of Agriculture in the Far East (AFE-2022), 399–406. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37978-9_39.

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Fucile, F., G. Bulian, and C. Lugni. "Quantifying error in deterministic predictions based on phase-resolved linear wave models." In Risk, Reliability and Safety: Innovating Theory and Practice, 355–61. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315374987-56.

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Luu, Loc Xuan, Nga Thanh Duong, Linh Hoang Tran, and Truong Quang Nguyen. "Re-Calibrating of Dissipation Models for Breaking Wave Based on Parametric Wave Approach Using Root-Mean-Square Height and Mean Wave Height." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 1907–14. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7434-4_206.

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Polnikov, V. G., N. S. Zilitinkevich, F. A. Pogarskii, and A. A. Kubryakov. "Comparative Evaluation of Accuracy of Numerical Wave Models Based on Satellite Altimetry Data." In Processes in GeoMedia—Volume I, 63–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38177-6_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Wave based models"

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Liu, Meichen, Feng Luo, Enchao Peng, and Daozhong Sun. "Simulation of X-band Radar Sea Clutter Based on Different Wave Spectrum Models." In 2024 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS), 1–8. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/piers62282.2024.10618093.

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Yasrab, Muhammad, and Alexander V. Babanin. "Advancing the Performance of Wave Forecast Models Under Low Wind Conditions." In ASME 2021 40th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2021-62561.

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Abstract Ocean surface is complex and difficult to predict accurately due to its random nature. Ocean surface waves in strong wind conditions have been widely studied for last few decades. Almost half of world’s winds are below 7.5 m/s and the physics of such winds contains a lot of uncertainties. The simulation of ocean waves is largely dependent on the driving winds force accuracy and source term parameterizations. However, low winds are often ignored on the perception of their lesser effect on overall results of existing models. It is important to understand the relative strength/ weaknesses of wave forecast models under low wind conditions from scientific perspective which should lead to improved wave forecast and wave-ocean-weather coupling capabilities. There are many critical thresholds involved in the initial generation and growth of wind waves whereas current parameterizations of wave models are mostly based on moderate – high wind conditions. Wave model’s performance, although not very prominent, contains bias under low winds conditions and these thresholds need to be embedded in current physics of wave forecast models for more accurate simulations. In this study, WAVEWATCH III (v6.07) wave forecast model with observation based source terms parameterizations (ST6 package) is used to simulate waves on a global scale. The model’s output is analyzed with a globally calibrated and cross validated global dataset of 13 altimeters to analyze its performance under low wind conditions. A relative error of −1 to 6 is observed in global significant wave heights simulated by WAVEWATCH III model compared to altimeter’s measured wave heights for wind speeds less than 5ms−1.
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Iannitto, Marco, Thomas J. Royston, and Richard L. Magin. "Identifying Fractional Viscoelastic Models Based on Surface Wave Motion." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-47769.

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In previous studies of the second author mechanical wave motion on a viscoelastic material representative of biological tissue was analyzed. Compression, shear and surface wave motion in and on a viscoelastic halfspace excited by surface and subsurface sources were considered. It was shown that a fractional order Voigt model, in which the damping component, dependent on the first derivative of time, is replaced with a fractional element dependent on a derivative of time of fractional order between 0 and 1, resulted in closer agreement with experiment as compared with the conventional (integer order) models of Voigt and Zener. In the present study different materials and a wider range of viscoelastic models are considered. An algorithm to evaluate the frequency-dependent shear moduli of viscoelastic materials measuring the propagation of Rayleigh waves on the surface of the media is presented and viscoelastic models (both of integer and fractional order) are compared to experimental results. It is shown that, in the frequency range of interest (100–600 Hz), the use of the fractional order assumption improves the match of theory to experiment.
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Craig, Walter, Philippe Guyenne, and Henrik Kalisch. "Hamiltonian Formulation and Long Wave Models for Internal Waves." In ASME 2007 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2007-29314.

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We derive a Hamiltonian formulation of the problem of a dynamic free interface (with rigid lid upper boundary conditions), and of a free interface coupled with a free surface, this latter situation occurring more commonly in experiment and in nature. Based on the linearized equations, we highlight the discrepancies between the cases of rigid lid and free surface upper boundary conditions, which in some circumstances can be significant. We also derive systems of nonlinear dispersive long wave equations in the large amplitude regime, and compute solitary wave solutions of these equations.
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Seiffert, Betsy R., and Guillaume Ducrozet. "A Comparative Study of Wave Breaking Models in a High-Order Spectral Model." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61664.

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We examine the implementation of two different wave breaking models into the nonlinear potential flow solver HOS-NWT. HOS-NWT is a computationally efficient, open source code that solves for surface elevation in a numerical wave tank using the High-Order Spectral (HOS) method [1]. The first model is a combination of a kinematic wave breaking onset criteria proposed by Barthelemey, et al. [2] and validated by Saket, et al. [3], and an energy dissipation mechanism proposed by Tian, et al. [4, 5]. The wave breaking onset parameter is based on the ratio of local energy flux velocity to the local crest velocity. Once breaking is initiated, an eddy viscosity parameter is estimated based on the pre-breaking local wave geometry, as described in [4, 5]. This eddy viscosity is then added as a diffusion term to the kinematic and dynamic free surface boundary conditions for the duration of wave breaking. Results implementing this wave breaking mechanism in HOS-NWT have shown that the model can successfully calculate the surface elevation and corresponding frequency spectra, as well as the energy dissipation associated with breaking waves [6–8]. The second model implemented to account for wave breaking in HOS-NWT is based on the method proposed by Chalikov, et al. [9–11]. This model defines wave breaking onset by the curvature of the water surface and defines the wave as broken if it exceeds a certain value. A diffusion term is added to the kinematic and dynamic free surface boundary conditions which dissipates energy based on the local curvature of the water surface, which is consequently not constant in space nor time. Calculations made using the two models are compared with large scale experimental measurements conducted at the Hydrodynamics, Energetics and Atmospheric Environment Lab (LHEEA) at Ecole Centrale de Nantes. Comparison of calculations with measurements suggest that both models are successful at predicting wave breaking onset and energy dissipation. However, the model proposed by Barthelemy, et al. [2] and Tian, et al. [4] can be applied without knowing anything about the breaking waves a priori, whereas the model proposed by Chalikov [9] requires tuning to specific conditions.
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Gagno Júnior, Fernando, and Walber Antonio Ramos Beltrame. "A Collaborative Learning Proposal for Predict-Observe-Explain Model supported by Mobile Environment." In Workshop on Advanced Virtual Environments and Education. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/wave.2020.211404.

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Virtual learning environments were designed to stimulate social competences, such as altruism, responsibility, communication, planning and coordination. It is observed that creation of technology for active methods, as for the Predict-Observe-Explain (POE) model. However, advances in the design of these environments are necessary to support aspects of collaboration and mobility. The goal of this article is to present a proposal for a mobile platform that organizes a workflow of revised POE models, based on debates. The methodology and expected results are presented.
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Rodriguez, S. "Evaluating directive-based programming models on Wave Propagation Kernels." In 79th EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2017 - Workshops. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201701763.

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Haase, Arnim B. "Testing VSP‐based Q‐estimation with spherical wave models." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2007. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2793114.

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Mao, Wengang, Fredhi Agung Prasetyo, Jonas W. Ringsberg, and Naoki Osawa. "A Comparison of Two Wave Models and Their Influence on Fatigue Damage in Ship Structures." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10114.

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In the maritime industry, fatigue failure is one of the most significant failure modes for ship structures. The fatigue damage in ship structures is mainly caused by the variation of wave loadings applied on ships, leading to variable structural stresses. Therefore, a reliable description of wave environments encountered during a ship’s service life is essential for accurate fatigue assessment of ship structures. Besides the wave scatter diagram provided by classification society rules, different statistical wave models have also been built up to model wave environments along arbitrary ship routes. The wave models could provide more specific wave environment for any chosen sailing routes of an individual ship. They may have the potential to be used for some practical applications, such as conceptual ship fatigue design, remaining fatigue life prediction when a ship plans to change its original trade region, and crack maintenance planning etc. Since the development of these models may be based on different sources, e.g. satellite measurements, hindcast data, buoys, etc., the reliability and consistence of wave generations from various wave models must be validated by the measured wave environments in order to be used for those practical applications. In this paper, waves generated from two different wave models, one based on hindcast data and one mainly on satellite data, are compared with measured wave environments encountered by a 2800 TEU container vessel on the North Atlantic route. These wave models are used in the calculation of the fatigue damage in the vessel. The results obtained using waves generated from the two wave models are compared with the fatigue damage calculated based on strain measurements in the ship. Recommendations for future development of the wave models and further investigation to make the applications more realistic for ship fatigue assessment are also presented.
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Wang, Pandeng, Hongcheng Yang, Cuiling Zhang, Jiahui Wang, Jingsuo He, Bo Su, and Cunlin Zhang. "LOS and NLOS channel models for indoor 220-330GHz communications based on ray tracing." In Infrared, Millimeter-Wave, and Terahertz Technologies IX, edited by Xi-Cheng Zhang, Masahiko Tani, and Cunlin Zhang. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2651175.

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Reports on the topic "Wave based models"

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Babanin, Alexander V., Ian R. Young, W. E. Rogers, Jane M. Smith, and Hendrik L. Tolman. Observation-Based Dissipation and Input Terms for Spectral Wave Models, with End-User Testing. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada605070.

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Babanin, Alexander V., Ian R. Young, W. E. Rogers, Jane M. Smith, and Hendrik L. Tolman. Observation-Based Dissipation and Input Terms for Spectral Wave Models, with End-User Testing. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada539147.

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Babanin, Alexander V., Ian R. Young, W. E. Rogers, Jane M. Smith, and Hendrik L. Tolman. Observation-Based Dissipation and Input Terms for Spectral Wave Models, with End-User Testing. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada571533.

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Babanin, Alexander V., Ian R. Young, W. E. Rogers, Jane M. Smith, and Hendrik L. Tolman. Observation-Based Dissipation and Input Terms for Spectral Wave Models, with End-User Testing. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada616445.

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Abdolmaleki, Kourosh. PR-453-134504-R05 On Bottom Stability Upgrade - MS III. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012195.

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The extension of the PRCI on bottom stability (OBS) software's applicability to shallow water is assessed. Version 3 of the software has a limitation on water depth; only depths greater than 6 m (20 ft) are accepted. This limitation is likely related to the increasing inaccuracy of linear wave theory as the wave height to water depth ratio increases, as well as caution about breaking wave limits. The usage of linear wave theory inside the software can be categorized into two different types: � Linear regular waves - these are used in the Level 1 module to determine the motions of the water particles as part of the calculation of the hydrodynamic forces; � Linear irregular waves - these are present in the Level 2, Level 3 and ASM modules, where the surface wave energy spectra are converted to the near-seabed wave velocities through the use of a transfer function based on linear wave theory. It is noted that for irregular waves, all wave spectral formulations currently implemented in the OBS software, do not account for water depth. This document addresses the finite water depth and shallow water restrictions and presents a discussion and investigation in two categories: 1. The direct use of the linear theory to describe waves in the Level 1 calculation module; and 2. The direct use of linear spectral transfer functions in the Level 2, Level 3, and ASM modules. The scope of this activity is to prepare a solution for consideration by PRCI and implement the agreed course of action. The solution proposed will be based on the continued use of the linear wave theory. It is noted that higher order wave theories would be more appropriate for shallow water conditions, but due to the currently established methodology in the software, implementation of higher order wave theory is not included within this scope.
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Bittmann, Felix. Academic track mismatch and the temporal development of well-being and competences in German secondary education. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2021.res5.1.

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Formal education is one of the most influential predictors of professional success. As parents in Germany are aware of the importance of education, they often try to enable their children to enrol in the prestigious academic schooling track (Gymnasium). This explains why the transition recommendation made by the teacher after the fourth grade is sometimes ignored if the desired track was not recommended for a particular student. How the mismatch between the teacher’s recommendation and the parents’ choice of schooling for their child affects the child’s development is not sufficiently known. It is very likely that such a mismatch can have consequences for the child’s well-being, competences and overall academic success. Based on five consecutive panel waves of German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS) data (waves 1 to 5, collected between 2010 and 2016) (n = 2;790 in wave 1), our analyses demonstrate that social background and the probability of ignoring a teacher’s recommendation are associated, and that highly educated parents are more likely to overrule the teacher’s recommendation. Panel regression models show that pupils who pursued the academic track (Gymnasium) despite the absence of a teacher’s recommendation were more likely to drop out of the academic schooling track, and were not able to catch up with their peers with respect to both objective and subjective academic competences over the entire observation window. However, the models also show that academic track mismatch did not seem to negatively influence the health and well-being of these pupils.
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Hite, John, Robert Ebeling, and Barry White. Hydraulic load definitions for use in Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) analysis, including probabilistic load characterization, of 10 hydraulic steel structures : report number 1. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48610.

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In the past, allowable stress design (ASD) was used to design steel structures. The allowable stresses used were determined from previous practice, with limited understanding of the reliability and risk performance provided by the structure. Engineering methods based on Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) provide more accurate lifetime models of structures by providing risk-based load factors. Besides improved safety, cost savings can be provided through improved performance and, in some cases, by delaying rehabilitation. This research project develops LRFD-based engineering procedures for the evaluation and design of hydraulic steel structures (HSS). Hydraulic loads are a key element to the LRFD analysis. This report identifies the primary hydraulic loads and describes procedures that can be used to determine these hydraulic loads. Existing design guidance for HSS is described and presented in the individual chapters. The appendixes to the report provide examples of the procedures used to compute the hydrostatic, wave, and hydrodynamic loads. A new approach for determining wind-induced wave loads was developed. Design guidance for computing the hydrodynamic load was limited for many of the HSS. Additional research is recommended to improve capabilities for computing hydraulic loads. Details on these recommendations can be found in this report.
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Stewart, Jonathan, Grace Parker, Joseph Harmon, Gail Atkinson, David Boore, Robert Darragh, Walter Silva, and Youssef Hashash. Expert Panel Recommendations for Ergodic Site Amplification in Central and Eastern North America. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, March 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/tzsy8988.

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The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) national seismic hazard maps have historically been produced for a reference site condition of VS30 = 760 m/sec (where VS30 is time averaged shear wave velocity in the upper 30 m of the site). The resulting ground motions are modified for five site classes (A-E) using site amplification factors for peak acceleration and ranges of short- and long-oscillator periods. As a result of Project 17 recommendations, this practice is being revised: (1) maps will be produced for a range of site conditions (as represented by VS30 ) instead of a single reference condition; and (2) the use of site factors for period ranges is being replaced with period-specific factors over the period range of interest (approximately 0.1 to 10 sec). Since the development of the current framework for site amplification factors in 1992, the technical basis for the site factors used in conjunction with the USGS hazard maps has remained essentially unchanged, with only one modification (in 2014). The approach has been to constrain site amplification for low-to-moderate levels of ground shaking using inference from observed ground motions (approximately linear site response), and to use ground response simulations (recently combined with observations) to constrain nonlinear site response. Both the linear and nonlinear site response has been based on data and geologic conditions in the western U.S. (an active tectonic region). This project and a large amount of previous and contemporaneous related research (e.g., NGA-East Geotechnical Working Group for site response) has sought to provide an improved basis for the evaluation of ergodic site amplification in central and eastern North America (CENA). The term ‘ergodic’ in this context refers to regionally-appropriate, but not site-specific, site amplification models (i.e., models are appropriate for CENA generally, but would be expected to have bias for any particular site). The specific scope of this project was to review and synthesize relevant research results so as to provide recommendations to the USGS for the modeling of ergodic site amplification in CENA for application in the next version of USGS maps. The panel assembled for this project recommends a model provided as three terms that are additive in natural logarithmic units. Two describe linear site amplification. One of these describes VS30-scaling relative to a 760 m/sec reference, is largely empirical, and has several distinct attributes relative to models for active tectonic regions. The second linear term adjusts iv site amplification from the 760 m/sec reference to the CENA reference condition (used with NGA-East ground motion models) of VS =3000 m/sec; this second term is simulation-based. The panel is also recommending a nonlinear model, which is described in a companion report [Hashash et al. 2017a]. All median model components are accompanied by models for epistemic uncertainty. The models provided in this report are recommended for application by the USGS and other entities. The models are considered applicable for VS30 = 200–2000 m/sec site conditions and oscillator periods of 0.08–5 sec. Finally, it should be understood that as ergodic models, they lack attributes that may be important for specific sites, such as resonances at site periods. Site-specific analyses are recommended to capture such effects for significant projects and for any site condition with VS30 < 200 m/sec. We recommend that future site response models for hazard applications consider a two-parameter formulation that includes a measure of site period in addition to site stiffness.
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Curtis, William R., Kent K. Hathaway, K. T. Holland, and William C. Seabergh. Video-Based Wave Direction Measurements in a Scale Physical Model. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1003885.

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Sorenson, T., M. B. Bryndum, and V. Jacobsen. L51522 Hydrodynamic Forces on Pipelines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), December 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010276.

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The aim of this study was to provide hydro-dynamic force coefficients applicable for the determination of forces on pipelines resting on the sea bed when exposed to wave and current flows. This has been achieved through an extensive model test program in which the parameters important for the phenomena have been investigated within wide ranges for a number of flow conditions including irregular waves. The results of the more than 1,000 individual tests have been presented in the form of non-dimensional coefficients determined from three distinctly different types of analysis. These coefficients have been presented as functions of the governing parameters in a series of easily accessible diagrams. The report contains three parts. Part I presents the results of the model test study and the comparison of these results with other data. Part II deals with force calculations in irregular waves, including a statistically based comparison of predictions using traditional and improved force expressions. Part III presents the results of the model tests with a partially buried pipe.
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