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Academic literature on the topic 'Watersheds Australia Mathematical models'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Watersheds Australia Mathematical models"

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Sathyamoor, Dinesh. "Extraction of Watersheds from Digital Elevation Models Using Mathematical Morphology." Journal of Applied Sciences 8, no. 6 (March 1, 2008): 956–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jas.2008.956.965.

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Copper, J. K., and A. B. Sproul. "Comparative study of mathematical models in estimating solar irradiance for Australia." Renewable Energy 43 (July 2012): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2011.11.050.

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Lee, Jacqueline. "Modeling the connections between internally and externally drained basins using GIS, Google Earth©, and remote sensing." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 42, no. 3 (June 2018): 274–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133318776462.

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The development of internal drainage is intimately tied to the tectonic and climatic history of an area, but research into the exact causes and processes of internal drainage is constrained by the ability to accurately delineate both internally and externally draining watersheds. Until recently, existing global catalogs of internally drained regions were either hand-drawn or based upon digital elevation models whose resolution is much lower than those currently available. Here, the World Wildlife Fund’s HydroBASINS dataset is analyzed in a GIS program to identify points of former connectivity between endorheic and exorheic basins, to identify possible palaeolakes and palaeo-distributary channels, and to quantify on a global basis the extent of area lost to internal drainage for 101 large watersheds. The results have been made available in Google Earth© KMZ files, and a sample workflow is presented which uses the data to approximate the relative importance of tectonic vs climatic factors in initiating endorheism. As an example of how the dataset and workflow can be used, the drainage history is modeled for endorheic watersheds within two very different tectonic regimes, the Afar region of northeastern Africa and the Northern Territory of Australia. The methodology is readily adaptable to other endorheic basins and offers the ability to create drainage history models which can help in research areas such as climate change investigations and groundwater and economic mineral prospecting.
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Voronov, Yuri P. "DIGITAL TERRAIN MODELS IN SIBERIAN CITIES AND UTILITY NETWORKS DESIGN." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 3, no. 1 (May 21, 2021): 152–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2021-3-1-152-161.

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The article considers one of the important directions of innovative technologies in the urban economy, application of digital terrain models in the design, development and operation of utility networks. The author considers the five tasks of using the digital model sequentially: ) development of a digital terrain model, 2) allocation of watersheds and facies, 3) plotting contours (ridges) for all facies, 4) two-level modeling of surface runoff and storm sewer, 5) solving practical problems of determining silting zones and optimizing snow removal. The original principle proposed in the article is a multi-funnel model of surface runoff, in which each facies (local catchment) is replaced by an equivalent inclined funnel. This greatly simplifies the calculations, and also allows you to combine mathematical modeling with physical modeling.
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SHIQING, LIU, WANG JUNTAO, and DARIA LYUBINA. "REGIONAL FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMIC ZONES OF WATERSHEDS: COMPARISON OF INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE." Sociopolitical Sciences 11, no. 6 (December 6, 2021): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2223-0092-2021-11-6-79-87.

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The article examines various forms of regional models of management of economic zones of catchment basins on the example of the experience of the United States of America, Great Britain, Canada and other countries. The purpose of the study is to analyze and compare models of economic management of watersheds, as well as to identify the features of development and models of basin management. Results. The search for effective mechanisms for watershed management was an incentive to create unified mechanisms for watershed management and predetermined the direction of reforms in this area. However, in regional international practice, there are disagreements about specific methods for implementing a unified management model. The USA offers the most centralized management model. The UK practices a market-based approach to solving this issue, and the experience of Australia is the least centralized management model, although it fully takes into account the interests of representatives of various classes and plays a positive role in public life.
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Santoro, Mariana Coelho, José Antonio Tosta dos Reis, and Antonio Sérgio Ferreira Mendonça. "Performance evaluation of optimization models in the determination of wastewater treatment efficiencies inside watersheds." RBRH 21, no. 4 (October 31, 2016): 694–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2318-0331.011616031.

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ABSTRACT Determination of sewage treatment plants pollutant removal efficiencies, considering the protection of water resources, is very difficult because it involves complex analysis that must take into account multiple discharges into watercourses presenting different self depuration capacities. The research aimed to evaluate different optimization models for determination of minimum sewage treatment efficiencies for plants located in a watershed. The analyzed optimization models involves minimization of the sum of treatment efficiencies and minimization of inequity between sewage treatment efforts. Water quality mathematical model and Genetic Algorithm were combined in a MatLab software computing environment. The Pardo river watershed is the study area. Pardo river is a tributary of the Itapemirim river, important watercourse located in the southern part of Espirito Santo State, in Brazil. The results indicate that the optimization models that incorporate measurement of equity as a problem restriction did not generate consistent answers, probably because of the wide range of sewage loads values considered in the Pardo river watershed. The models that incorporate equity measures in the objective function showed satisfactory performance and resulted in very close values for minimum sewage treatment efficiencies.
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Patel, Ajaykumar Bhagubhai, and Geeta S. Joshi. "Modeling of Rainfall-Runoff Correlations Using Artificial Neural Network-A Case Study of Dharoi Watershed of a Sabarmati River Basin, India." Civil Engineering Journal 3, no. 2 (February 28, 2017): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2017-00000074.

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The use of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is becoming common due to its ability to analyse complex nonlinear events. An ANN has a flexible, convenient and easy mathematical structure to identify the nonlinear relationships between input and output data sets. This capability could efficiently be employed for the different hydrological models such as rainfall-runoff models, which are inherently nonlinear in nature. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) can be used in cases where the available data is limited. The present work involves the development of an ANN model using Feed-Forward Back Propagation algorithm for establishing monthly and annual rainfall runoff correlations. The hydrologic variables used were monthly and annual rainfall and runoff for monthly and annual time period of monsoon season. The ANN model developed in this study is applied to Dharoi reservoir watersheds of Sabarmati river basin of India. The hydrologic data were available for twenty-nine years at Dharoi station at Dharoi dam project. The model results yielding into the least error is recommended for simulating the rainfall-runoff characteristics of the watersheds. The obtained results can help the water resource managers to operate the reservoir properly in the case of extreme events such as flooding and drought.
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Ghanim, Abdulnoor A. J., Salmia Beddu, Teh Sabariah Binti Abd Manan, Saleh H. Al Yami, Muhammad Irfan, Salim Nasar Faraj Mursal, Nur Liyana Mohd Kamal, et al. "Prediction of Runoff in Watersheds Located within Data-Scarce Regions." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (June 30, 2022): 7986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14137986.

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The interest in the use of mathematical models for the simulation of hydrological processes has largely increased especially in the prediction of runoff. It is the subject of extreme research among engineers and hydrologists. This study attempts to develop a simple conceptual model that reflects the features of the arid environment where the availability of hydrological data is scarce. The model simulates an hourly streamflow hydrograph and the peak flow rate for any given storm. Hourly rainfall, potential evapotranspiration, and streamflow record are the significant input prerequisites for this model. The proposed model applied two (2) different hydrologic routing techniques: the time area curve method (wetted area of the catchment) and the Muskingum method (catchment main channel). The model was calibrated and analyzed based on the data collected from arid catchment in the center of Jordan. The model performance was evaluated via goodness of fit. The simulation of the proposed model fits both (a) observed and simulated streamflow and (b) observed and simulated peak flow rate. The model has the potential to be used for peak discharges’ prediction during a storm period. The modeling approach described in this study has to be tested in additional catchments with appropriate data length in order to attain reliable model parameters.
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Andrello, Avacir Casanova, Maria de Fátima Guimarães, Carlos Roberto Appoloni, and Virgílio Franco do Nascimento Filho. "Use of cesium-137 methodology in the evaluation of superficial erosive processes." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 46, no. 3 (June 2003): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132003000300001.

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Superficial erosion is one of the main soil degradation agents and erosion rates estimations for different edaphicclimate conditions for the conventional models, as USLE and RUSLE, are expensive and time-consuming. The use of cesium-137 antrophogenic radionuclide is a new methodology that has been much studied and its application in the erosion soil evaluation has grown in countries as USA, UK, Australia and others. A brief narration of this methodology is being presented, as the development of the equations utilized for the erosion rates quantification through the cesium-137 measurements. Two watersheds studied in Brazil have shown that the cesium-137 methodology was practicable and coherent with the survey in field for applications in erosion studies.
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Lee, S. H., S. Vigneswaran, and K. Bajracharya. "Phosphorus transport in saturated slag columns: experiments and mathematical models." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 1-2 (July 1, 1996): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0367.

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Excessive phosphorus (P as orthophosphate) is one of the major pollutants in natural water that are responsible for algal blooms and eutrophication. P removal by slag is an attractive solution if the P sorption capacity of slag is significant. To design an efficient land treatment facility, basic information on the behaviour of P in the media-water environment is required. In this study, detailed column experiments were conducted to study the P transport under dynamic condition, and mathematical models were developed to describe this process. The column experiments conducted with dust and cake waste products (slag) from a steel industry as adsorbing indicated that they had higher sorption capacity of P than that of a sandy loam soil from North Sydney, Australia. P transport in the dust and cake columns exhibited characteristic S-shaped or curvilinear breakthrough curves. The simulated results from a dynamic physical nonequilibrium sorption model (DPNSM) and Freundlich isotherm constants satisfactorily matched the corresponding experimental breakthrough data. The mobility of P is restricted by the adsorbents and it is proportional to the sorption capacity of them.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Watersheds Australia Mathematical models"

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Mercurio, Matthew Forrest. "Divider analysis of drainage divides delineated at the field scale." Virtual Press, 2004. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1306855.

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Previous works have applied the Divider Method to the shapes of drainage divides as measured from maps. This study focuses on the shapes of several drainage divides measured in the field at very fine scale. These divides, chosen for their sharp crests, include portions of the Continental Divide in Colorado and badlands-type divides in Arizona, Wyoming, South Dakota, and Texas. The badlands type divides were delineated using a laser theodolite to collect data at decimeter point spacing, and the Continental Divide segments were delineated using pace and bearing at a constant point spacing of 30 meters. A GIS was used to store and visualize the divide data, and an automated divider analysis was performed for each of the 16 drainage divides.The Richardson plots produced for each of the drainage divide datasets were visually inspected for portions of linearity. Fractal dimensions (D) were calculated using linear regression techniques for each of the linear segments identified in the Richardson plots. Six of the plots exhibited two distinct segments of linearity, nine plots exhibited one segment, and one plot exhibited no segments of linearity. Residual analyses of the trend lines show that about half of the Richardson plot segments used to calculate D exhibit slight curvature. While these segments are not strictly linear, linear models and associated D values may still serve well as approximations to describe degree of divide wandering.Most (20 out of 21) of the dimensions derived from the Richardson plots for the drainage divides fall within the range from 1.01-1.07. The D values calculated for the Continental Divide range from 1.02-1.07. The dimensions calculated for the badlandtype divides were distributed evenly across the range of 1.01-1.06, with a single exceptional D value at 1.12. Only four of the divide D values fall within a range of 1.06–1.12, the range for D established for drainage divides in published map-based studies, despite the apparent dominance of erosion processes on the measured divides.
Department of Geology
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Balakrishnan, Aneesha B. "Comparative complexity of continental divides on five continents." CardinalScholar 1.0, 2010. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1562866.

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The main focus of the present study is to identify and integrate the factors affecting the degree of irregularity of five continental divide traces, as expressed by their fractal characteristics measured by the divider method. The factors studied are climate, relief and tectonic environment. The second objective of this study is to determine the relationship between uplift rates and divide trace fractal dimension. Analysis of the results suggests that the degree of irregularity of continental divide traces at fine scale (approximately 10-70 km of resolution) is strongly affected by both climate and tectonics. It is found that control of the factors is generally weaker at coarse scale (above approximately 70 km of resolution). Generic relief should be ranked below both climate and tectonic environment as a factor affecting the complexity of continental divide traces. In terms of the second objective, the fractal dimension at fine scales follows a weakly inverse relationship with uplift. At coarse scale, there is stronger inverse relationship between uplift rate and fractal dimension.
Introduction -- Methodology -- Geomorphic environment -- Evaluation of results -- Significance of control factors -- Conclusion.
Department of Geological Sciences
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Washburne, James Clarke. "A distributed surface temperature and energy balance model of a semi-arid watershed." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186800.

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A simple model of surface and sub-surface soil temperature was developed at the watershed scale (-100 km²) in a semi-arid rangeland environment. The model consisted of a linear combination of air temperature and net radiation and assumed: (1) topography controls the spatial distribution of net radiation, (2) near-surface air temperature and incoming solar radiation are relatively homogeneous at the watershed scale and are available from ground stations and (3) soil moisture dominates transient soil thermal property variability. Multiplicative constants were defined to account for clear sky diffuse radiation, soil thermal inertia, an initially fixed ratio between soil heat flux and net radiation and exponential attenuation of solar radiation through a partial canopy. The surface temperature can optionally be adjusted for temperature and emissivity differences between mixed bare soil and vegetation canopies. Model development stressed physical simplicity and commonly available spatial and temporal data sets. Slowly varying surface characteristics, such as albedo, vegetation density and topography were derived from a series of Landsat TM images and a 7.5" USGS digital elevation model at a spatial resolution of 30 m. Diurnally variable atmospheric parameters were derived from a pair of ground meteorological stations using 30-60 min averages. One site was used to drive the model, the other served as a control to estimate model error. Data collected as part of the Monsoon '90 and WG '92 field experiments over the ARS Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed in SE Arizona were used to validate and test the model. Point, transect and spatially distributed values of modeled surface temperature were compared with synchronous ground, aircraft and satellite thermal measurements. There was little difference between ground and aircraft measurements of surface reflectance and temperature which makes aircraft transects the preferred method to "ground truth" satellite observations. Mid-morning modeled surface temperatures were within 2° C of observed values at all but satellite scales, where atmospheric water vapor corrections complicate the determination of accurate temperatures. The utility of satellite thermal measurements and models to study various ground phenomena (e.g. soil thermal inertia and surface energy balance) were investigated. Soil moisture anomalies were detectable, but were more likely associated with average near-surface soil moisture levels than individual storm footprints.
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Mtundu, Nangantani Davies Godfrey. "The Stochastic Behavior of Soil Moisture and Its Role in Catchment Response Models." PDXScholar, 1987. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/527.

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The object of current efforts at investigating catchment response is to derive a physically based stochastic model of the watershed. Recent studies have, however, indicated that a limiting factor in deriving such models is the dependence of hydrologic response on initial soil moisture. The dependence affects the distributions and moments of the hydrological processes being investigated. A stochastic model of soil moisture dynamics is developed in the form of a pair of stochastic differential equations (SDE's) of the Ito type. The sources of stochasticity are linked to the random inputs of rainfall and evapotranspiration (ET). One of the SDE's describes the "surplus" case, in which sufficient infiltration always occurs to allow for moisture depletion by the processes of drainage through and ET out of the root zone. The other SDE represents the "deficit" case, in which lack of adequate moisture leads only to an ET-controlled depletion process. Sample functions and moments of moisture evolution are obtained from the SDE's. From the general model of soil moisture, a specific model of initial soil moisture (the moisture at the beginning of a rainstorm event) is developed and its moments are derived. Furthermore, the probability distribution of initial moisture is postulated to permit the assessment of how initial moisture affects the estimation of hydrologic response. The moisture dynamics model reveals that the stochastic properties of moisture ae sensitive to initial conditions in the watershed only for less permeable soils under the "surplus" state but are practically insensitive to such conditions for more permeable soils. The stochastic properties are also less sensitive to initial conditions for all soil types whenever under the "deficit" state. These results suggest that hydrologic processes, such as precipitation excess and infiltration, depend on initial moisture only in regions where the soils are generally less permeable and where the climate tends to sustain a "wet" environment, whereas in arid or semi-arid regions, such processes would not depend on initial moisture. These conclusions imply that, in arid regions, an effective value of initial moisture such as the mean can be used to estimate the properties of the hydrologic processes, whereas in "wet" environments, more accurate values of the properties must be "weighted" based on the probability distribution of initial soil moisture.
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Enright, Peter 1962. "Simulation of rainfall excess on flat rural watersheds in Quebec." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61952.

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Powell, Robert. "Industry value at risk in Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2007. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/297.

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Value at Risk (VaR) models have gained increasing momentum in recent years. Market VaR is an important issue for banks since its adoption as a primary risk metric in the Basel Accords and the requirement that it is calculated on a daily basis. Credit risk modelling has become increasingly important to banks since the advent of Basel 11 which allows banks with sophisticated modelling techniques to use internal models for the purpose of calculating capital requirements. A high level of credit risk is often the key reason behind banks failing or experiencing severe difficulty. Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR) measures extreme risk, and is gaining popularity with the recognition that high losses are often impacted by a small number of extreme events.
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Xu, Qian, and 徐倩. "Field investigation and numerical modeling of hydrological processes at a hillslope catchment in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/196019.

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Motivated by mitigating flash flood-related damages, this study conducts a comprehensive exploration of hillslope hydrological processes, which includes data collection and experimental measurement, analysis of the rainfall-runoff features and modeling hydrological processes. To study the temporal and spatial variation of TF (throughfall), rainfall data recorded at eight rain gauges near and under a 6-m-tall multiple-layer deciduous tree (Macaranga tanarius) are analyzed. This study reveals that the leaf convergence and divergence can significantly influence TF temporal and spatial variations. For some rain gauges, the TF values can be larger than the GR (gross rainfall) for 30% of total rainfall events. Using three classical baseflow separation methods (namely, the straight line method, inflection point method and one parameter filter method), this study computes the direct runoff volumes for 24 storms. Their runoff coefficients (which are the ratios of direct runoff volumes to the total rainfall volumes) are obtained. The analysis indicates that direct runoffs can contribute about 82% of flood peak discharges, but the average runoff coefficients are less than 4%. To make use of the observed hydrological data, a numerical model, TOPMODEL, is used to simulate the hydrological processes. Further, to determine the model parameters, several field surveys have been conducted to collect land cover, soil properties, and hydraulic features of the catchment. Model parameters for the catchment are calibrated using a global optimization method, namely the SCE-UA (shuffled complex evolution-The University of Arizona), and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (E) as the objective function. To enhance TOPMODEL, this study confirms that the interflow process is important in improving runoff simulation.
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Civil Engineering
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Doctor of Philosophy
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Small, Aaron Brent. "A comparative evaluation of surface runoff models and methods on small developing watersheds in Northern Virginia." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03302010-020635/.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1993.
18 color maps in back pocket. Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 137-139). Also available via the Internet.
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Jaforullah, Mohammad. "Energy modelling in a general equilibrium framework with alternative production specifications." Title page, contents and astract only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phj23.pdf.

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Du, Yi. "Implementation of a Wetting and Drying Model in Simulating the Androscoggin/Kennebec Plume and the Circulation in Casco Bay." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2008. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/DuY2008.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Watersheds Australia Mathematical models"

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Computer models of watershed hydrology. Highlands Ranch, Colorado: Water Resources Publications, 2012.

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Wotling, Geoffroy. Etude hydrologique à Tahiti de petits bassins versants: Premiers evaluations des charges solides et organiques des eaux de ruissellement en relation avec l'urbanisation, Campagne 96-97 : etat d'avancement. Papeete, Tahiti]: Direction de l'euipement G.E.G.D.P., Cellule hydrologie : ORSTOM Centre de Tahiti, Laboratoire d'hydrologie, 1998.

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V, Grigorʹev V., and Makhanov S. S, eds. Postroenie i realizat͡sii͡a na ĖVM sistemy gidrologicheskikh modeleĭ rechnogo basseĭna. Moskva: Vychislitelʹnyĭ t͡sentr AN SSSR, 1987.

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Ralf, Ludwig, Reichert Doris, Mauser Wolfram, and Universität München, eds. Neue methodische Ansätze zur Modellierung der Wasser- und Stoffumsätze in grossen Einzugsgebieten: Tagungsbericht : 7. Workshop zur Grossskaligen Modellierung in der Hydrologie. Kassel: Kassel University Press, 2004.

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Workshop zur Grossskaligen Modellierung in der Hydrologie (6th 2002 Umweltforschungszentrum Leipzig-Halle). Flussgebietsmanagement: 6. Workshop zur Grossskaligen Modellierung in der Hydrologie. Kassel: Kassel University Press, 2003.

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Arihood, Leslie D. Evaluation of a watershed model to simulate sediment transport in a small agricultural watershed in Indiana. Indianapolis, Ind: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1989.

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Arihood, Leslie D. Evaluation of a watershed model to simulate sediment transport in a small agricultural watershed in Indiana. Indianapolis, Ind: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1989.

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Natural, Resources Modeling Symposium (1983 Pingree Park Colo ). Proceedings of the Natural Resources Modeling Symposium, Pingree Park, CO, October 16-21, 1983. [Fort Collins, CO]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1985.

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Asquith, William H. An initial-abstraction, constant-loss model for unit hydrograph modeling for applicable watersheds in Texas. Reston, Va: U.S. Geological Survey, 2007.

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Antcliff, Susan. An introduction to DYNAMOD: A dynamic population microsimulation model. Canberra City, ACT: National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling, Faculty of Management, University of Canberra, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Watersheds Australia Mathematical models"

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DeCoursey, Donn G. "Mathematical Models: Research Tools for Experimental Watersheds." In Recent Advances in the Modeling of Hydrologic Systems, 591–612. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3480-4_28.

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Maftei, Carmen, and Konstantinos Papatheodorou. "Mathematical Models Used for Hydrological Floodplain Modeling." In Civil and Environmental Engineering, 69–100. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9619-8.ch003.

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There are several methodological approaches to model floodplains. The selection of the appropriate methodology is a matter of the required results and is very dependent on data availability. In fact, data availability is the crucial parameter especially when working in ungauged basins or ephemeral streams. The goal of this chapter is to evaluate methodologies used to floodplain modeling in small watersheds. An overview of the principal models used in floodplain modeling is presented here in terms of their relative advantages as compared to each other. The chapter provides the results obtained with different models applied to a small watershed situated in the Romania and concludes with a discussion about the various recommendations and solutions on flood modeling methodology.
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"Development of Hydrodynamic, Water Quality and Eutrophication Models." In Integrating GIS, Remote Sensing, and Mathematical Modelling for Surface Water Quality Management in Irrigated Watersheds, 131–62. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b11797-8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Watersheds Australia Mathematical models"

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Lučić, Sonja. "VEŠTAČKA INTELIGENCIJA I PATENTNO PRAVO." In XVIII Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xviiimajsko.479l.

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Artificial intelligence is a field of technology that is developing intensively. Along with the development of artificial intelligence, the issue of its patent protection has become topical. Artificial intelligence systems are based on highly developed algorithms and mathematical models, phenomena with which patent law is traditionally in conflict. This issue is not just a national or European problem. There is also an intensive debate in the United States about the patentability of artificially intelligent systems. The author deals with the question of whether artificially intelligent systems can enjoy patent protection. The paper analyzes the case of "DABUS" which refers to an international patent application in which the artificially intelligent system DABUS is listed as the inventor. Numerous intellectual property offices around the world (eg American, British, German, Australian, EPO) have rejected such a patent application. On the other hand, the Federal Court of Australia has ruled that under the Australian Patent Act AI could be listed as the inventor. Recognition of AI as the inventor (not the owner) of inventions generated by artificial intelligence can have certain consequences, including in the field of copyright.
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Shekman, E. A. "ДИФФЕРЕНЦИРОВАННЫЙ УЧЕТ ГЕОМОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ УСЛОВИЙ ВОДОСБОРНОГО БАССЕЙНА С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ПОРЯДКОВЫХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ВОДОРАЗДЕЛОВ." In GEOGRAFICHESKIE I GEOEKOLOGICHESKIE ISSLEDOVANIIA NA DAL`NEM VOSTOKE. ИП Мироманова Ирина Витальевна, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35735/tig.2019.90.64.014.

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Флагманом современной географии выступает моделирование географических систем и процессов их функционирования, базирующееся на огромных базах данных и алгоритмах многомерного компьютерного моделирования поведения сложных многосвязных систем. Сам процесс моделирования базируется на мощном аппарате математического анализа и статистической обработки базовых параметров объектов, на основе которых производится построение имитационных моделей их функционирования и развития. Речной бассейн является самым распространенным на поверхности суши природным объектом, обладающий отчетливо выраженными границами, структурной организацией, иерархией, относительной замкнутостью потоков вещества и энергии. При описании структуры водосборного бассейна речной системы традиционно применяются порядковые классификации. Порядковая классификация водотоков базируется на основополагающем свойстве речных потоков образовывать при последовательном слиянии древовидную структуру со ступенчатым нарастанием основных параметров системы. Стабильность структуры при этом поддерживается непрерывной деятельностью мощных потоков вещества и энергии. Широкое применение получила нисходящая порядковая классификация Р. Хортона 7, в основу которой легло положение о том, что неразветвленные элементарные водотоки сходны в разных условиях и должны иметь наименьший 1й порядок, образуя при слиянии водоток 2го порядка, в то время как водотоки 2го порядка образуют водоток 3го порядка и т. д. Также Хортоном, на основе анализа структуры речных сетей и их бассейнов были предложены законы соотношения основных характеристик водотоков разных порядков. Позднее порядковая классификация Хортона была доработана Стралером 6, который исключил понятие главной реки , которая на всем своем протяжении имеет максимальный порядок, хотя структурно состоит из множества разнопорядковых сегментов. Данные классификации сейчас принято рассматривать в едином контексте как классификацию ХортонаСтралера. Еще в XIX веке был высказан тезис о том, что водоразделы и тальвеги являются главными структурными линиями рельефа и находятся в тесной взаимосвязи 2, определяя распределение потоков вещества и энергии в водосборном бассейне. С использованием классификации водотоков ХортонаСтралера предложен принцип классификации водоразделов. На основе авторской методики обработки цифровых моделей рельефа (ЦМР) с использованием инструментов ГИС было апробировано использование порядковых характеристик водоразделов для получения детальной информации о вариациях основных характеристик однопорядковых элементов речной сети в зависимости от порядка водораздела в пределах бассейна реки Уссури.The flagship of modern geography is the modeling of geographical systems and the processes of their functioning, based on huge databases and algorithms for multidimensional computer modeling of the behavior of complex multiply connected systems. The modeling process itself is based on a powerful apparatus for mathematical analysis and statistical processing of the basic parameters of objects, based on which simulation models of their functioning and development are built. The river basin is the most widespread natural object on the land surface, which has distinct boundaries, structural organization, hierarchy, and relative isolation of matter and energy flows. In describing the structure of the catchment of a river system, ordinal classifications are traditionally applied. The ordinal classification of watercourses is based on the fundamental property of river flows to form a tree structure with successive merging with a stepwise increase in the main parameters of the system. The stability of the structure is supported by the continuous activity of powerful flows of matter and energy. The descending ordinal classification of R. Horton 7 was widely used, which was based on the proposition that unbranched elementary watercourses are similar under different conditions and should have the smallest 1st order, forming second order watercourses at the time how 2nd order watercourses form a 3rd order watercourse, etc. Also, Horton, based on an analysis of the structure of river networks and their basins, proposed the laws of correlation of the main characteristics of watercourses of different orders. Later, the Horton ordinal classification was finalized by A. Straler 6, who excluded the concept of the main river, which along its entire length has the maximum order, although it structurally consists of many differentorder segments. Classification data is now considered to be considered in a single context as the HortonStrahler classification. As early as the 19th century, the thesis was expressed that watersheds and thalwegs are the main structural lines of the relief and are closely interconnected 2, determining the distribution of matter and energy flows in the catchment. Using the classification of HortonStrahler watercourses, the principle of the classification of watersheds is proposed. Based on the authors methodology for processing digital elevation models (DEM) using GIS tools, the use of ordinal characteristics of watersheds was tested to obtain detailed information on variations of the main characteristics of singleorder elements of the river network depending on the order of the watershed within the Ussuri River Basin.
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