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Journal articles on the topic 'WATERPROOF BREATHABLE FABRICS'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 September 2023

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1

Kim, Hyun-Ah. "Water Repellency/Proof/Vapor Permeability Characteristics of Coated and Laminated Breathable Fabrics for Outdoor Clothing." Coatings 12, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12010012.

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This study examined the water repellency (WR), waterproof, and water vapor permeability (WVP) characteristics of twelve types of laminated and coated woven fabrics for outdoor clothing. These characteristics were compared with the fabric structural parameters, such as cover factor, thickness, and weight, and surface modification (finishing) factors, such as coating, laminating, and Teflon treatments. In addition, an eco-friendly process for surface modification was proposed followed by a summary. Superior waterproof-breathable characteristics with 100% water-repellency were achieved in specimen 3 in group A by treatment with a hydrophilic laminated finish using nylon woven fabric with a cover factor between 0.7 and 0.9 in a 2.5-layered fabric, which was the best specimen with waterproof-breathable characteristics. A high WVP in the coated and laminated fabrics was observed in the fabrics with a low weave density coefficient (WDC) and low thickness per unit weight of the fabric, whereas superior water repellency and waterproof characteristics were observed in the high-cover-factor (WDC) fabric with appropriate fabric thickness. The determination coefficient (R2) from regression analysis between the WVP and fabric structural parameters indicated a higher contribution of the fabric structural parameters than surface modification factors, such as coating and laminating to the WVP in the coated and laminated fabrics. Furthermore, the cover factor was the most important factor influencing the WVP of the waterproof-breathable fabrics. Of twelve coated and laminated fabrics, the laminated nylon and nylon/cotton composite fabrics showed superior WVP with high WR and waterproof characteristics. Accordingly, based on the WR, waterproof, and WVP characteristics of the coated and laminated breathable fabrics, the laminating method, as an eco-friendly process, is recommended to obtain better waterproof-breathable fabrics.

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2

Ozen, Ilhan. "Multi-layered Breathable Fabric Structures with Enhanced Water Resistance." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 7, no. 4 (December 2012): 155892501200700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501200700402.

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This work reports waterproof breathable layered fabrics consisting of simple fabric weave types (plain, twill) and microporous breathable films. The pretreated fabrics were treated with water-repellent finishing chemicals. Afterwards, layered structures were generated by bringing the fabrics and the microporous breathable films together. According to the results of water repellency, hydrostatic pressure (water resistancy) and water vapor permeability tests conducted on the samples with/without microporous film layers, waterproof breathable layered fabrics were able to be generated, which are supposed to be used as construction materials.

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3

Holmes, David A. "Performance Characteristics of Waterproof Breathable Fabrics." Journal of Industrial Textiles 29, no. 4 (April 2000): 306–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152808370002900406.

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The effect of atmospheric conditions on the water vapour permeability characteristics of waterproof breathable fabrics has been studied. Several types of waterproof breathable fabrics were tested for vapour permeability under a wide range of atmospheric temperatures and relative humidities. It was found that atmospheric conditions have a considerable effect on the vapour permeability characteristics and that there are differences in behaviour between the various types of fabric. The two main variables influencing vapour permeability are identified. Regression equations for the relationship between vapour permeability and the main atmospheric parameter are presented. Conclusions are drawn about the capabilities of the fabrics under conditions of use.

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4

Frydrych, Iwona, Pavla Tesinova, Lubos Hes, and Veerakumar Arumugam. "Hydrostatic Resistance and Mechanical Behaviours of Breathable Layered Waterproof Fabrics." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 26, no. 1(127) (February 28, 2018): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.7805.

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Breathable layered waterproof fabrics have good applications in the fields of sportswear, protective clothing and construction industries. The properties of these fabrics in allowing water vapour to pass through while preventing liquid water from entering have made them unique. The mechanical properties of these fabrics are also very important for the satisfaction of the wearers. The layered constructions of these fabrics with different characteristic properties contribute to the influence on their hydrostatic resistance, mechanical properties and water vapour permeability. This study presents an experiment on eight different types of hydrophobic and hydrophilic membrane laminated layered fabrics used as sportswear during hot or cold weather. The hydrostatic resistance, tensile strength, stiffness and water vapour permeability of these fabrics were evaluated by varying different fabric parameters in the experiment. It was found from the test results that the fabric density, thickness and weight as well as types of membranes and layers have a significant effect on those properties of the layered fabrics.

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5

Kleinerman, G. J. "Waterproof and Breathable Fabrics for Outdoor Garments." Cellular Polymers 8, no. 2 (March 1989): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026248938900800201.

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An ideal fabric for outdoor garments should possess several critical properties, principally water and windproofness, permeability to water vapour, durability and good drape. Attempts to combine these properties in one product have involved a diversity of constructional approaches so that resulting products function by very different mechanisms. The paper discusses the principal current product constructions and outlines the principles by which they function. Performance of fabrics for outdoor garments is then reviewed, with emphasis on water vapour permeability, waterproofness, and abrasion reistance of various product types. Fabrics which are composites of textiles with PU or PTFE microporous membranes are shown to have the best combination of water vapour permeability and waterproofness. Composites of textiles with solid hydrophilic films are less permeable though they are more resistant to abrasion. A microporous PU membrane, Porelle(R) * , affords a combination of functional and mechanical properties which makes it well suited for use in textile composites for waterproof and breathable outdoor garments. Physiological and echnical requirements of such garments are met very adequately by the use of Porelle(R) * composites.

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6

HOLMES, DAVID A. "Performance Characteristics of Waterproof Breathable Fabrics." Journal of Industrial Textiles 29, no. 4 (April 1, 2000): 306–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1106/8k6b-p4pt-06f5-wh65.

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7

Ghezal, Imene, Ali Moussa, Imed Ben Marzoug, Ahmida El-Achari, Christine Campagne, and Faouzi Sakli. "Investigating Waterproofness and Breathability of a Coated Double-Sided Knitted Fabric." Coatings 12, no. 10 (October 18, 2022): 1572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12101572.

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The demand for waterproof breathable fabrics is increasing globally and so are efforts to develop such garments. In this paper, the development of a waterproof breathable textile by coating a double face knitted fabric is described. The applied polymeric coating is a mixture of an acrylic paste and a fluorocarbon resin. The aim of this study was the investigation of the breathability and waterproofness of the coated samples. The coating was made of industrialized chemical products and did not require water use. The screen coating process wastewater was also reduced. Three parameters related to the coating process were analyzed and optimized. These parameters were the fluorocarbon resin quantity (%), acrylic paste quantity (g·m−2), and reticulation time (min). The analyzed responses were the air permeability, windproofness, water vapor permeability, and resistance to water penetration. The optimized values of air permeability and water vapor permeability were equal to 154.81 L·m−2·s−1 and 83.852%, respectively. These values were judged acceptable when compared with commercialized products. The windproofness and the resistance to water penetration were equal to 161.81 L·m−2·s−1 and 78.51 Schmerber, respectively. Thus, both responses still need to be improved in order to obtain waterproofness properties. Based on the obtained results, the coated fabric can be used as a laminate outer layer for producing waterproof breathable fabrics.

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8

Van Roey, Mic. "Water-Resistant Breathable Fabrics." Journal of Coated Fabrics 22, no. 1 (July 1992): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152808379202200103.

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The first part of this paper covers the questions: How can we obtain WBFs (waterproof breathable fabrics)? and What is available? A description of the technique to obtain such fabrics with a statement of general advantages and disadvantages is covered. There are three techniques: 1. High-density fabrics 2. Lamination: extruded, melt-blown, or cast film being microporous and/or hydrophilic 3. Coating: microporous and/or hydrophilic Part two covers: • the measurement of waterproofness and breathability • breathability test methods and influencing parameters • waterproofness tests Part three considers the question: What other properties are wanted and what are the markets and their requirements? Part four considers: Where will be the use of such WBFs in the textile market?

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9

Ruckman, J. E. "Water vapour transfer in waterproof breathable fabrics." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 9, no. 1 (March 1997): 10–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09556229710157849.

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10

Ruckman, J. E. "Water vapour transfer in waterproof breathable fabrics." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 9, no. 1 (March 1997): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09556229710157858.

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11

Ruckman, J. E. "Water vapour transfer in waterproof breathable fabrics." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 9, no. 2 (May 1997): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09556229710168270.

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12

Oh, Eunkyung, Eunae Kim, and Youngmi Park. "Evaluation of the Moisture Transfer Property of Waterproof Breathable Fabric Under Low-Temperature Conditions Depending on the Pore Size and Distribution." Clothing and Textiles Research Journal 36, no. 4 (June 18, 2018): 310–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887302x18783089.

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The moisture transfer properties of four types of waterproof breathable fabrics with different pore sizes and distributions under low temperatures were examined. The structure, thickness, and pore shape of the fabric by scanning electron microscopy and capillary flow porometer compared depending on the manufacturing method. The effects of these parameters on the wearing comfort as determined by water vapor transmission rate and analyzing the temperature/humidity changes in the microclimate using the human–clothing–environment simulator. The coating type membrane was the thickest, whereas the nano web specimen was the thinnest. The results showed that at subzero temperatures, there was little difference in the vapor pressure change of the microclimate depending on the pore size. In the case of the waterproof breathable fabric produced in various forms depending on the function, however, the evaluation should performed based on the actual clothing wearing conditions, rather than in the standard state, is needed.

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13

Ren, Y. J., and J. E. Ruckman. "Water Vapour Transfer in Wet Waterproof Breathable Fabrics." Journal of Industrial Textiles 32, no. 3 (January 2003): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083703032003002.

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14

Chang, Yawen, and Fujuan Liu. "Review of Waterproof Breathable Membranes: Preparation, Performance and Applications in the Textile Field." Materials 16, no. 15 (July 29, 2023): 5339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16155339.

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Waterproof breathable membranes (WBMs) characterized by a specific internal structure, allowing air and water vapor to be transferred from one side to the other while preventing liquid water penetration, have attracted much attention from researchers. WBMs combine lamination and other technologies with textile materials to form waterproof breathable fabrics, which play a key role in outdoor sports clothing, medical clothing, military clothing, etc. Herein, a systematic overview of the recent progress of WBMs is provided, including the principles of waterproofness and breathability, common preparation methods and the applications of WBMs. Discussion starts with the waterproof and breathable mechanisms of two different membranes: hydrophilic non-porous membranes and hydrophobic microporous membranes. Then evaluation criteria and common preparation methods for WBMs are presented. In addition, treatment processes that promote water vapor transmission and prominent applications in the textile field are comprehensively analyzed. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives of WBMs are also explored.

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15

Yang, De Yu. "The Application of New Type Fiber to the Sports Equipment." Advanced Materials Research 1055 (November 2014): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1055.84.

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This paper aims to promote the development and application of new fiber material with its products to the field of sports products, from the physical and chemical properties of fiber, as well as producing process, finishing and sorting process and so on. Since each kind of new textile fiber material has been widely used, such as carbon fiber, Outlast fiber, aramid fiber, moisture absorption perspiration functional fiber, negative ion function fiber, which is popular with customers. Moreover, fiber fabrics such as: waterproof and breathable fabric, low resistance movement fabric, ultra high strength fabrics in sports is also introduced in this paper.

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16

Hongjin Qi, Kunyan Sui, Zhaoli Ma, Dong Wang, Xiquan Sun, and Jianjun Lu. "Polymeric Fluorocarbon-Coated Polyester Substrates for Waterproof Breathable Fabrics." Textile Research Journal 72, no. 2 (February 2002): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051750207200201.

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17

Ren, Y. J., and J. E. Ruckman. "Condensation in three‐layer waterproof breathable fabrics for clothing." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 16, no. 3 (June 2004): 335–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09556220410527255.

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18

Razzaque, Abdur, Pavla Tesinova, and Lubos Hes. "Enhancement of Hydrostatic Resistance and Mechanical Performance of Waterproof Breathable Laminated Fabrics." Autex Research Journal 19, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2018-0015.

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Abstract Waterproof breathable laminated fabrics have the special property that permits water vapour to pass through but protects by preventing the entrance of liquid water. Different characteristic properties of the layered constructions of these fabrics have good influence on their hydrostatic resistance and mechanical performance. This research study presents an experiment to enhance the hydrostatic resistance and tensile strength of four different types of hydrophobic membrane laminated waterproof fabrics by considering their breathability as well. For this purpose, water repellent coating based on C6-fluorocarbon resin along with polysiloxane hydrophobic softening agent was applied on these four different types of laminated fabrics using pad-dry-cure method. The coated fabrics were characterised by performing different experiments to evaluate the effect of coating on their hydrostatic resistance and mechanical property as well as on water vapour permeability and air permeability. From the test results and analysis of variance (ANOVA), it was found that hydrostatic resistance and tensile strength of the laminated fabrics were enhanced after coating along with proper water repellent property, whereas there were no significant changes in their water vapour permeability and air permeability.

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19

Jeong, Won Young, and Seung Kook An. "The Tailoring Performance and Mechanical Properties of Breathable Waterproof Fabrics." FIBER 58, no. 6 (2002): 232–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.58.232.

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20

Jeong, Won Young, and Seung Kook An. "Seam characteristics of breathable waterproof fabrics with various finishing methods." Fibers and Polymers 4, no. 2 (June 2003): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02875440.

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21

Mukhopadhyay, Arunangshu, and Vinay Kumar Midha. "A Review on Designing the Waterproof Breathable Fabrics Part I: Fundamental Principles and Designing Aspects of Breathable Fabrics." Journal of Industrial Textiles 37, no. 3 (January 2008): 225–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083707082164.

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22

Zhao, Suhua, Ru He, Xin Zhang, Weichen Zeng, Tianyi Zhang, Weidong Yu, and Hongling Liu. "Fabrication of reinforced hydrophobic coatings for the protection of silk fabric." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 18 (January 3, 2019): 3811–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517518819843.

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The design of water-resistance and breathable materials applied to the protection of a historical silk textile has raised considerable interest for their highly practical potential. Thus, simple and functional composite coatings have been investigated and applied on Bombyx mori silk fabrics by spraying silk fibroin and a water soluble siloxane emulsion enriched with silica nanoparticles (12 nm). The layer of spraying silk fibroin on the surface of the silk fabric resulted in mesoscopic molecular network reconstruction by hydrogen bonds and crosslinking of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether to improve the physical property of the silk fabric. By systematically investigating silica composite treatment, it was found that the sample treated with silica composite coatings possessed a good hydrophobic property, in which the static contact angles increased from 43.27° to 145.77° for uncoated and coated samples, respectively. As determined by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy analyses, hydrophobic components such as Si-O-Si, Si-O were successfully attached to the silk fabric. The scanning electron microscopy images and the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy map point distribution images showed that the coating of the silica composite forms a uniform nano-scale structure, which improved the waterproof and breathable performance. Compared with uncoated fabric, the silica composite treatment was endowed with enhanced air permeability of 446.47 mm/s. After the abrasion and washing cycles, high durability of the coated fabric was demonstrated. Excellent hydrophobic capability could help silk fabric avoid the destruction of any harmful pollutant, such as light, bacteria, sewage and so on. Furthermore, the proposed relationship between the adhesive structure and the waterproof/breathable property is applicable in the design of functional silk textiles with different levels for protective performance.

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23

Zhang, Lei. "Application of New Materials in the Field of Sports Apparel." Advanced Materials Research 978 (June 2014): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.978.31.

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As a sports apparel clothing categories overall, in the broadest sense can be divided into professional sports apparel, sports everyday wear and sports accessories three categories. Professional sports apparel mainly athletes to participate in various sports competitions at the time of wearing apparel, the sport has its own characteristics, in order to adapt to the development of sports, professional sports apparel in the production process, new technologies, new processes, new fabrics should continue to appear, in order to make professional sportswear meet the requirements. Casual sports tend to be fashionable, but it retains the unique features part of sportswear. Sports accessories mainly involved in a number of areas of protective equipment and the use of equipment. The new thermal wicking fabrics, including fabrics, super-elastic fabric, waterproof and breathable fabrics, three-dimensional fabric composites, carbon fiber materials. These new materials for professional sports clothing, casual sportswear and sports equipment and sports goggles have a positive and practical impact. This paper studies the application of new fabrics in professional sports apparel, casual sportswear and sports protective appliances.

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24

Mukhopadhyay, Arunangshu, and Vinay Kumar Midha. "A Review on Designing the Waterproof Breathable Fabrics Part II: Construction and Suitability of Breathable Fabrics for Different Uses." Journal of Industrial Textiles 38, no. 1 (July 2008): 17–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083707082166.

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25

Jeong, Won Young, and Seung Kook An. "Mechanical properties of breathable waterproof fabrics with seaming and sealing processes." Fibers and Polymers 5, no. 4 (December 2004): 316–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02875531.

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26

Sadighzadeh, Asghar, Mahdi Valinejad, Akbar Gazmeh, and Behzad Rezaiefard. "Synthesis of polymeric electrospun nanofibers for application in waterproof-breathable fabrics." Polymer Engineering & Science 56, no. 2 (November 23, 2015): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.24200.

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27

Razzaque, Abdur, Pavla Tesinova, Lubos Hes, Jana Salacova, and Hafiz Affan Abid. "Investigation on hydrostatic resistance and thermal performance of layered waterproof breathable fabrics." Fibers and Polymers 18, no. 10 (October 2017): 1924–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12221-017-1154-1.

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28

Wang, Yang, Zhe Li, and Yang Cao. "Design of an environmentally friendly leather-like fabric based on thermoplastic polyurethane covered yarn." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2256, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2256/1/012032.

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Abstract By means of knitting and weaving, the new yarn was woven into a new eco-friendly leatherette. A series of research methods and data are summarized through the optimization and improvement of the design process and the heat-setting treatment of the fabric after weaving, which will bring a breakthrough in the reform of the preparation, research and development of new environmentally-friendly materials and product application. The new environmentally-friendly imitation leather fabrics is superior to similar products and boasts advantages in product application, such fabric is comfortable, breathable, waterproof, windproof, folding-resistant, wear-resisting and biodegradable. The cost of its production is much lower than expensive leather products, in the meantime, the space for design and development in the aspect of fabric texture, pattern, and color can be expanded more compared with other leather and imitation leather products.

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29

Koo, Gwang-Hoe, and Jin-Ho Jang. "Breathable Waterproof Finish of PET Fabrics via Microporous UV Coating of Polyurethane Diacrylate." Textile Coloration and Finishing 22, no. 3 (September 27, 2010): 239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5764/tcf.2010.22.3.239.

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30

Ruckman, J. E. "An Analysis of Simultaneous Heat and Water Vapour Transfer through Waterproof Breathable Fabrics." Journal of Coated Fabrics 26, no. 4 (April 1997): 293–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152808379702600405.

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31

Gretton, J. C., D. B. Brook, H. M. Dyson, and S. C. Harlock. "Moisture Vapor Transport Through Waterproof Breathable Fabrics and Clothing Systems Under a Temperature Gradient." Textile Research Journal 68, no. 12 (December 1998): 936–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051759806801209.

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32

Shim, Huen Sup. "The Evaluation of Water Vapor Transport and Waterproofness Properties of the Waterproof and Breathable Fabrics." Korean Journal of Community Living Science 27, no. 2 (May 31, 2016): 295–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.7856/kjcls.2016.27.2.295.

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33

Zhu, Fanglong, Yu Zhou, and Suyan Liu. "Analysis of the moisture diffusion transfer through fibrous porous membrane used for waterproof breathable fabrics." Heat and Mass Transfer 49, no. 10 (June 14, 2013): 1503–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00231-013-1191-2.

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34

Youn, Seonyoung, and Chung Hee Park. "Development of breathable Janus superhydrophobic polyester fabrics using alkaline hydrolysis and blade coating." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 6 (February 28, 2018): 959–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517518760750.

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Alkaline hydrolysis is a common finishing method that is used to give polyester (polyethylene terephthalate, PET) a more natural touch and improved luster via chemical or physical changes in the fibers. However, its potential as a tool for surface modification in the development of single-sided superhydrophobic materials has not been studied yet. In this research, Janus superhydrophobic PET fabrics with asymmetric wetting properties (one side of the PET surface was rendered superhydrophobic while the other side was simply hydrophobic) were fabricated in two steps. Fine roughness was first achieved on the surface of PET fabrics by alkaline hydrolysis. Subsequently, optimized foam-coating emulsions were applied on only one surface of the alkaline-hydrolyzed PET. Alkaline treatment time, solution temperature, and viscosity of the foam-coating emulsions were varied to find optimal conditions in terms of structural changes, mechanical properties, superhydrophobicity, and absorption ability. The specimen treated with an aqueous solution of 8% sodium hydroxide at 70℃ for 60 min and coated with the mixture of the fluoro-emulsion and thickener in the volume ratio of 40:2 was determined to be the optimal conditions for the Janus superhydrophobic property. This sample showed a contact angle of 162.8° and a shedding angle of 5.6° on one side, whereas it completely permitted the percolation of water drops on the other side within 109 s. The mechanical properties of the developed Janus PET under the optimal conditions did not decrease significantly; its weight and tensile strength were found to have decreased by 3.3% and 19.2%, respectively. Furthermore, the single-sided superhydrophobic specimen demonstrated higher moisture transmissibility than the double-sided coated PET under the same alkaline treatment conditions. The method developed herein eliminates the requirement for an additional process to deliver nanoscale surface roughness and has the potential to produce waterproof–breathable PET fabrics for outdoor clothing.

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35

Li, Penghui, Qi Feng, Lixia Chen, Jing Zhao, Fuwang Lei, Hui Yu, Ningbo Yi, et al. "Environmentally Friendly, Durably Waterproof, and Highly Breathable Fibrous Fabrics Prepared by One-Step Fluorine-Free Waterborne Coating." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 14, no. 6 (February 3, 2022): 8613–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c23664.

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36

Kim, Eun-Young, Jung-Hee Lee, Dong-Jin Lee, Young-Hee Lee, Jang-Hun Lee, and Han-Do Kim. "Synthesis and properties of highly hydrophilic waterborne polyurethane-ureas containing various hardener content for waterproof breathable fabrics." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 129, no. 4 (December 18, 2012): 1745–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.38860.

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37

Liu, Chunhui, Xi Liao, Weili Shao, Fan Liu, Bin Ding, Gaihuan Ren, Yanyan Chu, and Jianxin He. "Hot-melt Adhesive Bonding of Polyurethane/Fluorinated Polyurethane/Alkylsilane-Functionalized Graphene Nanofibrous Fabrics with Enhanced Waterproofness, Breathability, and Mechanical Properties." Polymers 12, no. 4 (April 6, 2020): 836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12040836.

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Waterproof-breathable (WB) materials with outstanding waterproofness, breathability, and mechanical performance are critical in diverse consumer applications. Electrospun nanofibrous membranes with thin fiber diameters, small pore sizes, and high porosity have attracted significant attention in the WB fabric field. Hot-press treatment technology can induce the formation of inter-fiber fusion structures and hence improve the waterproofness and mechanical performance. By combining electrospinning and hot-press treatment technology, polyurethane/fluorinated polyurethane/thermoplastic polyurethane/alkylsilane-functionalized graphene (PU/FPU/TPU/FG) nanofiber WB fabric was fabricated. Subsequently, the morphologies, porous structure, hydrostatic pressure, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), and stress–strain behavior of the nanofiber WB fabric were systematically investigated. The introduction of the hydrophobic FG sheet structure and the formation of the inter-fiber fusion structure greatly improved not only the waterproofness but also the mechanical performance of the nanofiber WB fabric. The optimized PU/FPU/TPU-50/FG-1.5 WB fabric exhibited an excellent comprehensive performance: a high hydrostatic pressure of 80.4 kPa, a modest WVTR of 7.6 kg m−2 d−1, and a robust tensile stress of 127.59 MPa, which could be used to achieve various applications. This work not only highlights the preparation of materials, but also provides a high-performance nanofiber WB fabric with huge potential application prospects in various fields.

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38

Lou, Ching-Wen, Jian-Hong Lin, Mei-Feng Lai, Chen-Hung Huang, Bing-Chiuan Shiu, and Jia-Horng Lin. "Lay-Up Compound Matrices for Application of Medical Protective Clothing: Manufacturing Techniques and Property Evaluations." Polymers 14, no. 6 (March 16, 2022): 1179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14061179.

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Medical protective clothing is the first line of defense for medical staff, which makes the acquisition of protection and multiple function challenging. When it comes to contagious diseases, the physical properties of protective clothing are deemed the top priority and, subsequently, they have significant meaning for the structural design, production cost evaluation, convenient production, and innovation. In this study, nonwoven technology is employed to produce matrices in which mechanical properties are supported by Tencel fibers and recycled Kevlar fibers. Next, the electrostatic spinning is conducted to generate breathable and waterproof films. The nonwoven fabrics and membranes are combined to have diverse functions, forming lay-up compound matrices for medical protective clothing. Moreover, measurements are conducted to characterize the lay-up compound matrices in terms of the tensile strength, tearing strength, bursting strength, puncture resistance, stiffness, air-permeable property, surface resistance, comfort performance, sub-micron particulate filtration efficiency, and the penetration of synthetic blood. As for the nonwoven fabrics, the mechanical properties are significantly improved after Kevlar fibers are incorporated. The tensile strength is (62.6 ± 2.4) N along the machine direction (MD) and (50.1 ± 3.1) N along the cross machine direction (CD); the tearing strength is (29.5 ± 1.6) N along the MD and (43.0 ± 1.7) N along the CD; the bursting strength is (365.8 ± 5.0) kPa; and the puncture resistance is (22.6 ± 1.0) N. Moreover, the lay-up compound matrices exhibit a stiffness of (14.7 ± 0.2) cm along the MD and (14.6 ± 0.1) cm along the CD, a surface resistance of (2.85 × 109 ± 0.37 × 109) Ω, an air-permeable property of (45.4 ± 2.3) cm3/s/cm2, and sub-micron particulate filtration efficiency of over 98%. In the measurement for penetration of synthetic blood, the K40/PAN/TPU group prevents the synthetic blood from penetration. Hence, the incorporation of recycled Kevlar fibers and lay-up compound technique creates good physical properties, an appropriate comfort attribute, and functions, which suggests that this study provides a greater diversity and new concepts for the production of medical protective clothing.

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Gu, Yan Nan, Jin Huan Zheng, and Yang Yi Chen. "Study of Flame-Retardant and Waterproof Breathable Fabric by Coating Finishing." Advanced Materials Research 557-559 (July 2012): 1964–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.557-559.1964.

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Organic flame retardant of N-P complex type and inorganic flame retardant hydrotalcite were respectively added to waterproof breathable coating agent ,the influence of dosages of two fla- me retardants on the flame retardancy of coated fabric were studied ,and the influence of the optim- al dosages of different flame retardants on the waterproof breathable permeability of coated fabric were investigated . The results show that adding inorganic flame retardant hydrotalcite has better flame-retardant and waterproof breathable permeability when the addition of hydrotalcite is 5% quality of coating agent , after-flame time and after-glow time of coated fabric are 0s, char length is 10.5cm, moisture quantity is 7247g/m2•24h, water pressure resistance is 430mmH2O.

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Ryu, Yeon Sung, Kyung Wha Oh, and Seong Hun Kim. "Furan-based self-healing breathable elastomer coating on polylactide fabric." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 5 (January 30, 2018): 814–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517518755791.

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The demand for breathable waterproof products has increased with the need for functional sportswear. However, these membranes have a major weakness in the loss of performance over time. The self-healing polymer has attracted much attention as a solution to this problem. In this research, a bio-based self-healing polymer from furan-based polymer was synthesized to produce a sustainable waterproof membrane. The furan-based self-healing polymer was synthesized from poly(butylene furanoate) and bismaleimide via a Diels–Alder reaction and blended with bio polyurethane. Poly(ethylene glycol) was also blended to obtain nonporous breathable waterproofness. These synthesis processes were identified by spectroscopy analysis. To investigate the self-healing ability of the polymer, a film sample was sliced and reattached. These self-healing processes were observed and verified by morphological and mechanical analysis. These self-healing polymer films were successfully healed in 24 h. The polymer was coated on a polylactide fabric using a doctor blade. The self-healing ability of the membrane was investigated by breathable water repellency analysis and it was maintained after the coating process. The waterproofness and vapor permeability were also measured, and these results identified that the fabricated membrane has a possibility as a breathable waterproof fabric. Environmental performance was confirmed by the enzymatic degradation test.

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Ghezal, Imene, Ali Moussa, Imed Ben Marzoug, Ahmida El-Achari, Christine Campagne, and Faouzi Sakli. "Evaluating the Mechanical Properties of Waterproof Breathable Fabric Produced by a Coating Process." Clothing and Textiles Research Journal 37, no. 4 (May 20, 2019): 235–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887302x19850637.

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The purpose of this research was to evaluate mechanical properties of a waterproof breathable fabric. A spacer knit with a cotton inner face and a polyester (PET) outer face was coated in order to obtain a waterproof breathable fabric. The applied coat was a mixture of an acrylic paste and a fluorocarbon resin. The treated fabric has undergone several tests to evaluate its mechanical properties. Tensile strength, flexural strength, abrasion resistance, and wrinkle recovery behavior were measured and discussed. After the coating treatment, the fabric was rigidified by 25% and 19% in wale and course directions, respectively. The coated PET face of the spacer fabric was not altered even after 125,000 abrasion cycles. A stiffer fabric was obtained after the coating treatment. However, fabric recovery behavior was ameliorated by 78% and 72% according to wale and course directions, respectively. The coated fabric can be used to produce raincoats and jackets.

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Anjum, Aima Sameen, Eun Jong Son, Jae Hyung Yu, Inshik Ryu, Myung Soo Park, Chang Soon Hwang, Jae Woo Ahn, Joo Young Choi, and Sung Hoon Jeong. "Fabrication of durable hydrophobic porous polyurethane membrane via water droplet induced phase separation for protective textiles." Textile Research Journal 90, no. 11-12 (November 20, 2019): 1245–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517519886059.

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The demand for functional membranes with balanced waterproofness and with good water vapor transmission in wearable applications is increasing by the day. However, their low wear resistance, low moisture tolerance, complicated fabrication procedures, and high health risk limit their outdoor use. In this study, we fabricated a waterproof and breathable polyurethane porous membrane for a membrane outside/fabric inside wearable fabric through an effective and facile dry process called evaporation induced phase separation. The matrix of the polyurethane membrane was mainly modified by water droplets and diisocyanate crosslinking agents, which allow the resultant membrane to be porous and durable. The water vapor transmission of the polyurethane water in oil emulsion was efficiently enhanced by introducing a porous network incorporated with tiny water droplets in the polyurethane emulsion. The optimization method for the emulsion allowed the waterproof, breathable porous membrane to sustain a tensile load of 35 MPa with an abrasion resistance of 15,000 cycles. Notably, the optimized porous membrane tended to exhibit a high hydrostatic pressure of 3500 mmH2O, good breathability of 3000 g/m2 day, and excellent porosity of 65%, which suggests that evaporation induced phase separation is a facile method for designing the membrane. These promising results show that the waterproof and breathable porous membrane can compete with commercially available protective membranes and coatings because of its porosity, facile synthesis, low cost, non-swelling behavior, high stability, and commercial scale production.

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Roh, Eui Kyung, and Kyung Wha Oh. "Hand and Preference Evaluation of Laminated Waterproof Breathable Fabric." Fashion & Textile Research Journal 17, no. 5 (October 31, 2015): 854–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5805/sfti.2015.17.5.854.

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Xia, Xiu Li. "Development of Knitted Protective Socks." Advanced Materials Research 821-822 (September 2013): 265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.821-822.265.

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Focused on the waterproof and breathable dual function for knitting protection socks, The methods and means have been developed for the socks special purposes application in the sock fabric knitting, forming socks and the use of a special coating technology etc. It have been guaranteed every performance of protecting socks to achieves the instructions for use.

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Painter, Chris J. "Waterproof, Breathable Fabric Laminates: A Perspective from Film to Market Place." Journal of Coated Fabrics 26, no. 2 (October 1996): 107–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152808379602600202.

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Ghezal, Imene, Ali Moussa, Imed Ben Marzoug, Ahmida El-Achari, Christine Campagne, and Faouzi Sakli. "Development and Surface State Characterization of a Spacer Waterproof Breathable Fabric." Fibers and Polymers 21, no. 4 (April 2020): 910–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12221-020-8936-6.

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Sarkar, K., D. Das, T. K. Chaki, and S. Chattopadhyay. "Macro-structured carbon clusters for developing waterproof, breathable conductive cotton fabric." Carbon 116 (May 2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2017.01.065.

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Kim, Jeong-Hwa, and Jung-Soon Lee. "Performances of Breathable & Waterproof Jacquard Fabric with PU-Nanofiber Web and PU-Film." Textile Science and Engineering 51, no. 6 (December 31, 2014): 319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12772/tse.2014.51.319.

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Li, Pingping, Qiong Zhang, Tavonga Trevor Chadyagondo, Guoqing Li, Haihong Gu, and Ni Li. "Designing Waterproof and Breathable Fabric Based on Polyurethane/Silica Dioxide Web Fabricated by Electrospinning." Fibers and Polymers 21, no. 7 (July 2020): 1444–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12221-020-9860-5.

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Su, Y., R. Li, G. Song, and J. Li. "Application of waterproof breathable fabric in thermal protective clothing exposed to hot water and steam." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 254 (October 2017): 042027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/254/4/042027.

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