Academic literature on the topic 'Waterfronts – Scandinavia – Case studies'
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Journal articles on the topic "Waterfronts – Scandinavia – Case studies"
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Fan, Zhengxi, Jin Duan, Menglin Luo, Huanran Zhan, Mengru Liu, and Wangchongyu Peng. "How Did Built Environment Affect Urban Vitality in Urban Waterfronts? A Case Study in Nanjing Reach of Yangtze River." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 9 (September 15, 2021): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10090611.
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The potential of urban waterfronts as vibrant urban spaces has become a focus of urban studies in recent years. However, few studies have examined the relationships between urban vitality and built environment characteristics in urban waterfronts. This study takes advantage of emerging urban big data and adopts hourly Baidu heat map (BHM) data as a proxy for portraying urban vitality along the Yangtze River in Nanjing. The impact of built environment on urban vitality in urban waterfronts is revealed with the ordinary least squares (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models. The results show that (1) the distribution of urban vitality in urban waterfronts shows similar agglomeration characteristics on weekdays and weekends, and the identified vibrant cores tend to be the important city and town centers; (2) the building density has the strongest positive associations with urban vitality in urban waterfronts, while the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is negative; (3) the effects of the built environment on urban vitality in urban waterfronts have significant spatial variations. Our findings can provide meaningful guidance and implications for vitality-oriented urban waterfronts planning and redevelopment.
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Sozer Senol, Omur. "Design Practices for Flood Resilience in Istanbul: Case of Kadiköy Waterfront." Journal of Design Studio 4, spi1 (April 9, 2022): 51–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.46474/jds.1076474.
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Extreme weather events, sea level rise and intensified tsunamis as causes of climate change are becoming major threats for coastal cities. Istanbul, one of the most populated built-up coastal cities in the world, is prone to urban, coastal, and riverine flooding according to studies. Spatial design measurements preparing the urban waterfronts for the consequences of hazardous flooding are adopted in several cities as part of their urban resilience strategies. This paper focuses on physical measurements to adapt Istanbul to the effects of coastal flooding that is neglected so far in urban agenda. In this regard, the paper aims to develop site specific spatial design proposals as possible measurements to increase Istanbul’s waterfronts capacity for an effective flood resilience approach in case of storm events and tsunami intensified through climate change. To achieve this, status analysis and spatial configuration of possible design measures for Istanbul waterfront in a representative study area at neighborhood scale are introduced. To answer how much the waterfronts are at risk and how spatially adaptive strategies can be implemented in the current situation following flood resilience approach, site specific spatial analysis and a strategic design framework are developed. Since a comprehensive district-based guideline for spatial adaptation is currently not embedded in the urban agenda of flood management in Istanbul, this study promotes preparation of multiple guidelines adopting contemporary design measures in flood management for the entire city’s waterfronts by proposing one for Kadiköy.
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Den Hartog, Harry. "Shanghai’s Regenerated Industrial Waterfronts: Urban Lab for Sustainability Transitions?" Urban Planning 6, no. 3 (July 27, 2021): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v6i3.4194.
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In China, Shanghai often serves as a place to introduce and try out new ideas. This is certainly the case with experimental urban planning and design solutions and sustainability transitions. This article identifies and evaluates the role of pilot projects and demonstration zones along the Huangpu River. These clusters and zones are supposed to guide the urban regeneration of the former industrial waterfronts and to accelerate innovative development in Shanghai and the wider Yangtze Delta Region. The Huangpu River as a whole is considered an urban lab and a showcase of ecological civilisation policies, with a strong ‘people oriented’ focus on improving the overall quality and attractiveness of urban life. Following three decades of rapid urban expansion, Shanghai’s urban development model is shifting toward one that emphasizes densification and the reuse of existing elements. The motto of Shanghai’s latest master plan is “Striving for an Excellent Global City.” One of the pathways to realize this expectation is the creation of thematic clusters for creative industries, financial institutes, AI, and technology, media and telecommunication industries. These clusters are high-density investment projects meant to support and accelerate the transformation of Shanghai into a service economy. There are important similarities between these projects in Shanghai and the role of urban labs in theories of sustainability transitions. Drawing on these theories and those of ecological civilization, this article examines how these so-called ‘experimental’ urban megaprojects along the river contribute to Shanghai’s effort to take the lead in developing sustainable urban transitions.
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Dubinina, Anastasiia, Aleksandra Wawrzyńska, and Karolina A. Krośnicka. "Permeability of Waterfronts—Contemporary Approach in Designing Urban Blue Spaces." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (July 30, 2022): 9357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159357.
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The constant struggle with rising sea levels and flood hazards has resulted in the change of the paradigm in shaping urban waterfronts towards increasing their permeability and creation of urban blue spaces. The aim of the paper was to indicate a new approach in designing public spaces at the sea–land interface by presenting a comparative study of the design solutions used in case of the four selected case studies: the Sea Organs in Zadar (Croatia), Norwegian National Opera and Ballet in Oslo (Norway), the Coastal Public Sauna in Helsinki (Finland) and Tel Aviv’s Central Promenade (Israel). The studied examples take into account the permeability of waterfronts (understood as a feature of the edge between water–land consisting of being soft and permeable). The authors decided to use the case study method as the main approach, analyzing such elements as: the site’s location and urban context, features of urban and architectural design (with usage of graphic methods and a qualitative description), and the land–water edge type (defined according the existing typologies). The study proved, that in recent years the designers have started to replace the vertical quay walls, which create a “rigid” water–land border, with multi-level solutions having a high degree of permeability for water.
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Secmen, Serengul, and Handan Türkoğlu. "An Approach for the Evaluation of the Spatial Quality of Urban Waterfronts: The Case of Istanbul." International Journal of Design in Society 16, no. 1 (2022): 91–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2325-1328/cgp/v16i01/91-111.
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Keim, Katharina E., and Wally V. Cirafesi. "Two Jewish studies related postdoctoral projects in Scandinavia." Nordisk Judaistik/Scandinavian Jewish Studies 29, no. 2 (November 3, 2018): 43–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.30752/nj.75439.
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Wally V. Cirafesi of University of Oslo and Katharina E. Keim of Lund University briefly present their postdoctoral projects within the area of Jewish Studies. Cirafesi has just completed his dissertation on the Gospel of John within its first-century Jewish environment, entitled ‘John within Judaism: Religion, Ethnicity, and the Shaping of Jesus-oriented Jewishness in the Fourth Gospel’, and has received a postdoctoral fellowship at the Norwegian School of Theology, Religion, and Society (Menighetsfakulteten). Keim completed her dissertation on a work of Jewish bible interpretation at the University of Manchester in 2014, published since as Pirqei deRabbi Eliezer: Structure, Coherence, Intertextuality (Brill, 2016). She has recently begun a postdoctoral fellowship in Jewish studies at Lund University. Both projects are interdisciplinary and concern interaction between Jews and Christians in Antiquity, and in Keim’s case also interaction with Islam.
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HURLEY, ANDREW. "Narrating the Urban Waterfront: The Role of Public History in Community Revitalization." Public Historian 28, no. 4 (January 1, 2006): 19–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2006.28.4.19.
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Abstract In recent years, urban waterfronts have become effective settings for community-based public history projects. St. Louis, with a long tradition of historical commemoration on its waterfront, provides an opportunity to examine the trend toward grassroots public history in the context of broader urban redevelopment strategies and identify some of the difficulties encountered in constructing more socially inclusive historical narratives. In particular, the case studies reviewed here highlight the challenge of balancing internal community-building goals with the demands of heritage tourism. The case studies also suggest the enormous potential of grassroots public history to connect the residents of diverse metropolitan areas more meaningfully to the urban landscape and to one another.
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Ytterberg, Niklas. "Analyzing Museum Collections in Scandinavia." Museum Worlds 4, no. 1 (July 1, 2016): 126–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/armw.2016.040110.
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ABSTRACTThis article emanates from studies and analyses of collections in cultural-historical museums in Sweden, Denmark, and Norway within the international research project CONTACT, concerning contacts between the aforementioned countries in southern Scandinavia during the Middle Neolithic (approximately 3000 BCE). This case study intends to raise questions related to research strategies at the museums holding the collections, in relation to the demand from research institutions using them. In what ways could these strategies coincide, and in what ways could they diverge? In what ways could we improve the research strategies for a better use of the collections?
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Jakobsson, Niklas, Andreas Kotsadam, and Siri Støre Jakobsson. "Attitudes Toward Same-Sex Marriage: The Case of Scandinavia." Journal of Homosexuality 60, no. 9 (August 16, 2013): 1349–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2013.806191.
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Machala, Branislav, and Jorn Koelemaij. "Post-Socialist Urban Futures: Decision-Making Dynamics behind Large-Scale Urban Waterfront Development in Belgrade and Bratislava." Urban Planning 4, no. 4 (November 21, 2019): 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v4i4.2261.
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This article discusses the implementation of two large-scale urban waterfront projects that are currently under construction in the Central and Eastern European (CEE) capital cities of Belgrade and Bratislava. Against the backdrop of postsocialist urban studies and recent reflections on urban or ‘world-city’ entrepreneurialism (Golubchikov, 2010), we reveal how both elite-serving projects are being shaped according to their very own structure and agency relations. Our comparative analysis unravels the power-geometry of the decision-making processes that reshape urban planning regulations of both transforming waterfronts. The path-dependent character of “multiple transformations” (Sykora & Bouzarovski, 2012) in the CEE region can, even after three decades, still be traced within the institutional environments, which have been adapting to the existing institutional architecture of global capitalism. Yet, at the same time, the dynamic globalization of this part of the world intensifies its further attractiveness for transnational private investors. As a consequence, public urban planning institutions are lagging behind private investors’ interests, which reshape the temporarily-fixed flows of capital on local waterfronts into landscapes of profits, politics and power. We argue that suchlike large urban developments, focused on promoting urban growth, accelerate the dual character of these cities. Thus, while the differences between both investigated case studies are being highlighted, we simultaneously illustrate how national and local state actors respectively paved the way for private investors, and how this corresponds to similar overarching structural conditions as well as outcomes.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Waterfronts – Scandinavia – Case studies"
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Mikicich, Stephen Nenad. "Waterfront development in the post-industrial city : a profile." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29987.
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The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the significance of waterfront redevelopment in the post-industrial city. The context for this analysis is the advent of post-industrial society - as evidenced by the economic, social and physical restructuring of cities. My objectives in undertaking this research are to gain a better understanding of planning issues in waterfront redevelopment; to examine the use of waterfront redevelopment as a policy tool for achieving community objectives; and to ascertain the broader implications of waterfront redevelopment in post-industrial society.
My research is based on an extensive literature review, several interviews, and more in-depth study of selected waterfront projects. The significance of urban waterfront redevelopment is studied from three different perspectives: (i) the physical restructuring of cities in the post-industrial period; (ii) the experiences of various waterfront communities; and (iii) the case study of New Westminster, British Columbia.
Waterfront redevelopment is significant in the post-industrial city as a public policy tool for achieving broader social and economic development objectives. Through the redevelopment of their waterfronts, communities have an opportunity to redress a range of social and economic issues. The social development potential is seldom realized, however, because redevelopment is primarily commercially-motivated.
In theory, the urban waterfront has been reclaimed for all residents of the post-industrial city. The notion of public access and the creation of public amenities are fundamental principles of waterfront development. In practice, however, the benefits of a revitalized waterfront are not shared equally. As the waterfront profiles demonstrate, the nature of the waterfront land-use mix is generally biased towards high-end commercial development and luxury housing.
The nature and form of new waterfront developments raises questions about elitism and equity in the post-industrial city. If some level of economic integration is not achieved, the waterfront will not have been reclaimed for all residents of the post-industrial city, but, rather - for the post-industrial urban elite.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Lo, Ho-yan Anita. "Sai Kung new praya development." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25946833.
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Brown, Lisa. "Charon's Obol? : an archaeological study of the role of coins in Roman burial ritual (with case studies from Roman Italy, Germany, Britain and unconquered Scandinavia)." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10634.
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Little detailed analysis has been undertaken which looks at the coin in the context of the burial. Their numismatic information is discussed in detail in excavation reports but little or no attempt is made to investigate the function of the coin. In many cases they are simply regarded as payments to Charon, the ferryman of Greek mythology, for the journey to the afterlife; an interpretation based on classical literature. Earliest research into the subject tended to look for evidence for ‘Charon’s Obol’ using the information in the Greek and Roman sources with little or no reference to the archaeological material. This did not allow for a full understanding of their presence and meaning. Publication of Gorecki’s Studien zur Sitte Münzbeigabe in römerzeitlichen Körpergräbern’ (BRGK 56, 1975) and Cantilena’s Un obolo per Caronte? (PdP 50, 1995) significantly changed methodology by analysing burial remains but even these are limited. They look very specifically at one part of the Empire and a single aspect of the coin in the burial, i.e. location and thus are not sufficiently detailed to find patterns which can be tested in different areas of the Roman Empire. This work is a systematic analysis of the coin in the context of the burial using case studies from cemeteries from Roman Italy, Germany, Britain and unconquered Scandinavia (as a comparison to the Imperial evidence). It takes a database of c. 450-500 burials from each of the areas (with the exception of Denmark which has fewer examples) and investigates the pre-Roman tradition, chronological distribution of the practice, the metal type and number of coins used, the length of time between coin and burial date, pierced coins and associated grave goods. The aims are as follows: - Thoroughly investigate the coin in the context of the burial in each of the case study areas and compare the patterns identified; - Explore the origin and spread of this custom, from early Greece to Italy across the Roman Empire and beyond, while investigating the potential religious or social meanings of the practice and its distribution; - Chart the evolution and the possible reasons for changes and modifications to the practice over space and time; - Assess the significance of my findings in terms of the transmission of cultural traditions or religious beliefs and practices between ancient societies.
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Fan, Mei Bella, and 范美. "Community bridge: bridging the community." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31986419.
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VandenBerg, Robert Joseph. "The Effect of Urban Status on Xenophobic Sentiment: A Case Study." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1405792524.
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Wong, Kai-ho Kenneth, and 王啓豪. "Pixellated, textured, heaped space: a design forum." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31986845.
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歐陽倩雯 and Sin-man Angie Au-Yeung. "Sai Kung town waterfront redevelopment." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3198079X.
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Ma, Yani. "Multiple expressions of the wheel cross motif in South Scandinavian rock carvings : case studies of Tanum and Enköping in Sweden." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Arkeologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413324.
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Scandinavian rock carvings can be described as the special rock art languages that were written by prehistoric humans to express their ideas, beliefs and thoughts. Each piece of figurative motif language might tell a prehistoric story about for instance domestic life, social practice, ritual or cosmology. Among different motifs such as ship, human and animal, the wheel cross has received comparatively less attention. The wheel cross has many different variations, where the motif’s ambiguity and possible changing relations to other motifs as well as its relation to the rock itself and landscape over time, have not been studied in greater detail. To fill this gap, this work is aimed at investigating the multiple expressions and possible meanings of the wheel cross motif over time in South Scandinavian rock carvings. Two case study areas with rich rock carvings, Tanum and Enköping, located in the southwest and southeast of Sweden, respectively, are selected. The rock carving materials where the wheel cross motif is present are processed by chorological and chronological studies. A simple and general method is proposed to reconstruct the prehistoric shoreline of Scandinavia. The chronology of the wheel cross motif is analysed with stylistic and shoreline dating methods. The results of the chronological study are then analysed in a cultural-historical-geographical context using an intercontextual interpretation and comparative analysis method. It is suggested that the various visual expressions of the wheel cross, such as the wheel of a wagon or as the shield covering a human torso, have unique symbolic meanings beyond their practical and physical counterparts. With a cosmological meaning as the sun, and a religious meaning as a god, the wheel cross becomes the symbol of moving, fertility, power and life, which has been integrated into not only the rituals but also the domestic life of South Scandinavian society. Although the wheel cross motif is limited in number, its various forms, relating to other motifs, are argued to reflect how the Bronze Age society of Scandinavia imported and developed ideas, artefacts, stories, etc., from foreign cultures in Continental Europe and the Mediterranean area. Like the spoke physically supporting the cart, the wheel cross acts as the lifeline that closely links the landscape, ritual, artefact, human, and other materialities, to mentally support the South Scandinavian society.Skandinaviens hällristningar kan på ett sätt beskrivas som ett slags språk, som ristats i berg av förhistoriska människor för att uttrycka till exempel idéer, social praxis, övertygelser och tankar. Varje figurativt motivspråk kan sägas framföra en förhistorisk berättelse om exempelvis det vardagliga livet, ritualer och/eller kosmologier. Bland olika motiv som skepp, människor och djur har det motiv som oftast kallas hjulkors jämförelsevis fått mindre uppmärksamhet. Hjulkorset finns i flera olika utföranden, och just motivets flertydighet i kombination med en studie av motivets relation till andra motiv, själva berghällarna samt plats i landskapet, har inte studerats detaljerat i någon större utsträckning. För att råda bot på denna kunskapsbrist syftar detta arbete till att undersöka motivets flerfaldiga uttryckssätt och möjliga betydelser i södra Skandinavien. För syftet har två fallstudieområden valts i Sverige, vilka bägge har rikligt med hällristningar. Den ena området är Tanum, beläget i sydvästra delen av Sydskandinavien, och Enköping, beläget i dess sydöstra del. Hällristningslokaler där hjulkors förekommer analyseras på flera sätt. En korologisk och kronologisk görs. En enkel och allmängiltig metod utvecklas vidare för att rekonstruera Skandinaviens förhistoriska strandlinjer. Kronologin för hjulkors utförs bland annat utifrån en stilistisk metod och en strandlinjedateringsmetod. Resultaten från den kronologiska studien analyseras sedan i ett kulturhistoriskt-geografiskt sammanhang med användande av en interkontextuell tolkningsmetod och en jämförande analysmetod. Det föreslås att de olika visuella uttryck i vilka hjulkors förekom, såsom exempelvis i form av vagnshjulet, eller i form av en sköld som täcker en mänsklig överkropp eller torso, har unika symboliska betydelser, utöver sina praktiska och fysiska motsvarigheter. Med en kosmologisk betydelse som solen och en religiös betydelse som gud, blir hjulkors-motivet en möjlig synonym för rörelse, fruktbarhet, makt och liv. Som sådan har den inte bara integrerats i ritualerna utan också i det vardagliga livet i de sydskandinaviska samhällena. Även om hjulkorsen är begränsade i antal, kan deras olika former och relation till andra motiv visa aspekter av hur bronsåldersamhället i Skandinavien importerade och utvecklade idéer, artefakter, berättelser och annat från främmande kulturer i Kontinentaleuropa och Medelhavsområdet. Liksom korset i betydelsen ekrar fysiskt stödjer ett vagnshjul fungerar hjulkorset även som en typ av livslinje som kopplade samman en mängd relationella företeelser, som var nödvändiga för det sydskandinaviska samhällets funktion på en mängd nivåer, exempelvis landskapet, ritualerna, artefakterna, människorna och förstås alla dessas samskapande och samverkande materialiteter.
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Wong, Kim-hong, and 黃劍航. "Planning for physical linkage and continuity between waterfront reclamation area and existing urban edge area." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31260640.
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Lee, Lok-man Chapman, and 李樂民. "Tanka living: a way for today." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31984678.
Full textBooks on the topic "Waterfronts – Scandinavia – Case studies"
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Waterfronts: Cities reclaim their edge. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994.
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Morphological, technological and fuctional characteristics of infrastructures as a vital sector for the competitiveness of a country system: An analysis of the evolution of waterfronts. Santarcangelo di Romagna (RN) [i.e. Rimini, Italy]: Maggioli, 2011.
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Desfor, Gene. Transforming urban waterfronts: Fixity and flow. New York: Routledge, 2011.
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Kazumasa, Itō, ed. Toshi to kasen: Sekai no "kawa kara no toshi saisei". Tōkyō: Gihōdō Shuppan, 2008.
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Kazumasa, Itō, ed. Toshi to kasen: Sekai no "kawa kara no toshi saisei". Tōkyō: Gihōdō Shuppan, 2008.
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Transforming urban waterfronts: Fixity and flow. New York: Routledge, 2011.
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Good, James W. Waterfront interpretation: A community planning guide. [Corvallis, Oreg.]: Extension/Sea Grant Program, Oregon State University, 1987.
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Dick, Rigby, ed. Caution, working waterfront: The impact of change on marine enterprises. Washington, D.C: Waterfront Press, 1985.
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Breen, Ann. The new waterfront: A worldwide urban success story. London: Thames and Hudson, 1996.
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Taman, Linda. Revegetation. East Perth, W.A: Water & Rivers Commission, 1999.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Waterfronts – Scandinavia – Case studies"
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Moniz, Gonçalo Canto, Ingrid Andersson, Knud Erik Hilding-Hamann, Américo Mateus, and Nathalie Nunes. "Inclusive Urban Regeneration with Citizens and Stakeholders: From Living Labs to the URBiNAT CoP." In Contemporary Urban Design Thinking, 105–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89525-9_5.
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AbstractIn recent decades, many city authorities have been implementing strategies for the development of urban regeneration in their central areas. Most of these processes aim to improve the use of public space, and are often to be found in historic areas and waterfronts. The aim of this text is to put forward an alternative urban regeneration plan which focuses on the peripheral areas of cities, areas which were often built as neighbourhoods of social housing, and which now face environmental challenges as well as social and economic ones. To this end, the URBiNAT H2020 project is promoting inclusive urban regeneration that engages citizens and stakeholders in all the stages of the co-creation process. The overall objective is to implement a cluster of human-centred, nature-based solutions (NBS) in order to create Healthy Corridors that bring together both material and immaterial solutions that will impact the environment and the wellbeing of the community. The activation of Living Labs in the seven URBiNAT cities is building a Community of Practice so that knowledge can be shared with project partners, within the cities themselves, and with the public in the wider world. The intermediate results achieved in the pilot case studies validate the overall methodology and are helping us to identify lessons to be learnt and recommendations for the future.
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Laidoner, Triin. "Introduction to the case studies." In Ancestor Worship and the Elite in Late Iron Age Scandinavia, 85–88. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429444746-8.
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"HD Film Production in Scandinavia – Case Studies Ingmar Bergman Meets Hi-Tech by Lasse Svanberg." In The EDCF Guide to Digital Cinema Production, 54–86. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780080491202-8.
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Kennel, Charles F. "Coordination Of The Geosynchronous And Auroral Substorms." In Convection and Substorms. Oxford University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195085297.003.0017.
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Studies using data from the ATS-5 geosynchronous spacecraft revealed a clear relationship between midnight region injection events near the spacecraft and auroral displays near the ATS magnetic conjugate point (Hones et al., 1971a; Mende et al., 1972; Eather et al., 1976; Mende and Shelley, 1976). A comparison of ATS-5 particle and magnetic field data with all-sky photographs taken at the conjugate point, Great Whale River, indicated that an injection at geostationary orbit generally corresponded to the brightening of the onset arc when the spacecraft was in the midnight sector (Akasofu et al., 1974). Results such as this whetted the collective appetite. How closely can the initial onset and injection be related to one another in time, do the onset and injection start on the same field field line, does the westward propagation of dipolarization correspond to the westward surge, can one relate the fine structures of the auroral expansion and the dipolarization? As time passed, increasingly precise answers have been given to these and similar questions, and auroral and geosynchronous substorm phenomenology has become more tightly integrated. In this chapter, we sample some of the evidence that supports this statement. The GEOS 2 spacecraft was stationed with its magnetic conjugate point near Kiruna, Sweden, so that the conjugate aurora could be studied with the extensive network of ground-based observatories in Scandinavia (Knott, 1975; Knott et al., 1979). In the first part of this chapter, we review some of the correlation studies carried out in the GEOS 2 project. In one particular series of four substorms, it was found that the dipolarization occurred at the same time as the aurora brightened and expanded poleward over the ground conjugate region (Section 14.2). In another case, a dispersionless injection at GEOS 2 corresponded to an intensification of the auroral X-ray band in Scandinavia (Section 14.2). Westward surges at the auroral conjugate point were associated with dipolarization at the spacecraft on a statistical basis (Section 14.3). Finally, the close relationship between both the auroral and geostationary substorm phenomena was extended to small spatio-temporal scales.
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Rippon, Stephen. "The native British." In Kingdom, Civitas, and County. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759379.003.0016.
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By the fourth century AD, the landscape of Roman Britain was densely settled and archaeological surveys and excavations have consistently shown that most lowland areas supported farming communities, including on the heavier claylands (Smith et al. 2016). Thereafter the character of the archaeological record changes dramatically with the appearance of settlements, cemeteries, and material culture whose ‘Anglo-Saxon’ cultural affinities lay in northern Germany and southern Scandinavia (Chapters 8–9). All too often, however, ‘Anglo-Saxon’ England is discussed in a way that implies that settlements characterized by Grubenhäuser and cemeteries furnished with Germanic grave goods were characteristic of the whole of eastern England (e.g. Welch 1992; Lucy 2000; Tipper 2004; Hamerow 2012), whereas detailed local studies have suggested that this was not the case. In areas such as Sussex (Welch 1983) and Lincolnshire (Green 2012) evidence for Anglo-Saxon colonization has only been found in certain parts of the landscape, and the potential reasons for ‘blank’ spots in the distribution of Anglo-Saxon settlement are complex: they may in part simply reflect areas where there has been less archaeological investigation, or that these areas were unattractive for settlement. There is, however, another possibility: that these distributions are not a record of where people were and were not living, but a reflection of how the cultural identity of early medieval communities varied from area to area, and that some of these identities are archaeologically less visible than others. There has long been speculation that at least some of the ‘blank areas’ in the distributions of Anglo-Saxon settlements and cemeteries reflect the places where native British populations remained in control of the landscape. West (1985, 168), for example, noted the lack of early Anglo-Saxon settlement on the East Anglian claylands, and speculated that this is where a substantial Romano- British population remained: ‘did they survive somehow, perhaps in a basically aceramic condition, or were they, in the main, drawn to the new settlements on the lighter soils to become slaves or some subordinate stratum of society, as indicated by later documentary evidence, or was the population drastically reduced by pestilence or genocide?’ (West 1985, 168).
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Fomin, Vladis, and Kalle Lyytinen. "How to Distribute a Cake before Cutting It into Pieces." In Information Technology Standards and Standardization, 222–39. IGI Global, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-878289-70-4.ch014.
Full textAbstract:
This article analyses social networks by looking at the standard making processes. As a framework for analysis, actor network theory is chosen. Standards are of particular interest for actor network theory for they provide mechanisms to align interests of multiple social groups organized in networks that have a joint incentive in working with the standards and /or associated technologies. These social groups include scientific communities, government institutions and social movements (industrial groups, companies, and consumers) that are interested in regulating and innovating with new technologies. Standards provide the mechanisms to inscribe subsequent behaviors that are expected to become persistent over time. Standard making process is a social process. Actors are involved in the process of continuous negotiation of their interests. Due to this fact, standards became an object of analysis for scholars within the social shaping of technology theory (SST). Though usually scholars of this school take standards as material objects, they interpret technology as such, e.g., a bicycle, or a steam machines. In Information Technology (IT), domain standards are intangible. Those are electronic data exchange formats, communications protocols, signalling protocols, etc. Wireless and mobile communications in particular, being a large field of IT, represent an interesting case for analysis. Present in mobile telephony’s domain are de jure (e.g., GSM) and de facto standards (e.g., NMT). Also the broad scope and large scale of standardization processes suggests non-unified pattern of standard making and complex organizational structure. To make mobile telephony standards successful implies large networks and numerous mandatory passage points. In this paper we apply actor network theory based analysis (ANT) to the development of NMT wireless standards. Researchers interested in IT standardization, except for a few studies on electronic data interchange (EDI) by Hanseth (1997), have overlooked this approach. The acronym NMT stands for Nordisk MobilTelefon (Nordic Mobile Telephone) and it can be historically regarded as one of the best examples of Nordic cooperation in technology as NMT systems have spread quite widely around the world and it also formed an important stepping stone for the evolution of GSM standards. We chose for ANT analysis of the NMT standard making process to learn of the usefulness of theoretical framework and to understand the standard making process of NMT as a social and institutional change. In our opinion, this more than anything else, explains the success of this interesting historical incident that changed the telecommunication industry radically and made Scandinavia a powerhouse of the wireless technologies. Our approach expected to bring more understanding on how the enthusiasm of a small number of actors fostered successful development of the NMT cellular telephony standard. At the same time the NMT standard was based on concepts and visions of its developers. Yet, it was these visions and engagements that lead to distributed the big cake of the cellular world even before cutting it into pieces. The outline of the chapter is the following. In the next section, we discuss past theoretical analysis of the topic. Then we introduce new notions into ANT, such as a layer and a multilayered structure. Next we tell the story of the Nordic radio engineers’ gang. We then analyze the NMT standard’s development process as an instance of actor network mobilization. Some insights into future developments of cellular mobile communications, both from the technological and social perspectives are provided.
Conference papers on the topic "Waterfronts – Scandinavia – Case studies"
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Couto, Perla Duarte do. "Revitalizações urbanas em frentes d’água: os desafios ao planejamento urbano contemporâneo: estudo de caso sobre a revitalização do Porto Velho da cidade do Rio Grande/RS/BR." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo. Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6341.
Full textAbstract:
Este artigo faz parte da pesquisa sobre a temática das revitalizações urbanas em frentes d’água, que surgiu
devido aos significativos estudos de casos e da importância nas relações destas áreas com a dinâmica
urbana. A partir disso, surge interesse sobre o estudo de caso na cidade do Rio Grande/RS, revitalização do
Porto Velho em conjunto com o centro histórico, que aponta para a possibilidade de ocorrência de processos
globais, em linhas gerais metropolitanos em uma cidade média. Neste contexto na perspectiva da geografia
urbana, analisamos o processo e suas implicações locais com influência de diferentes escalas local - global.
Assim pressupomos impactos, tais como gentrificação, bem como apropriação do espaço público, enfim
supremacia do valor de troca evidenciadas por diversas facetas com destaque para a valorização espacial
diante da apropriação dos recursos estruturais e culturais, ou seja o consumo no e do espaço. This article is part of a research on the theme of urban revitalization in waterfronts, which emerged due to the
significant number of case studies and the importance of the relation between those areas and urban
dynamics. It focuses on the case study of Rio Grande/RS, involving the revitalization of Porto Velho jointly with
the historical center, which leads to the possibility of global processes occurrence, broadly metropolitan ones,
in a medium city. From the urban geography perspective, we analyze the process and its local implications,
with the influence of different local-global levels. Therefore we assume impacts such as gentrification and
public space appropriation - in short, the supremacy of exchange value, evidenced by various facets especially
the spatial valorization in face of structural and cultural resources appropriation, in other words, the
consumption in/of the space.
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Geronta, Antigoni. "Barrios pesqueros y transformaciones urbanísticas: Afurada, Barceloneta y Cabanyal: apropiación espacio-temporal y una simbiosis en competencia y sostenibilidad." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Facultad de Arquitectura. Universidad de la República, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6117.
Full textAbstract:
El creciente interés por los procesos de conexión entre los centros históricos urbanos y el mar se ilustra cada vez más a través de proyectos arquitectónicos y urbanísticos. En la presente ponencia, se explora esta tendencia poniendo de relieve la relación entre las estrategias urbanísticas empleadas en los frentes marítimos y su impacto social sobre los barrios pesqueros ya existentes en las zonas transformadas. Intentaremos esbozar las complejas dinámicas que se generan a escala barrial, partiendo de una aproximación comparativa entre tres casos en la Península Ibérica: São Pedro da Afurada (Oporto), Barceloneta (Barcelona) y Cabanyal (Valencia). El análisis pone en cuestión la contundencia del discurso imperante sobre competencia y sostenibilidad, al tiempo que se centra en el barrio de São Pedro da Afurada, con el fin de entender e interpretar las distintas prácticas de apropiación espacio-temporal, desde las luchas locales en defensa del lugar, hasta las tácticas políticas de aburguesamiento. The growing interest in the process of connecting the historic urban centers to their waterfronts is illustrated through an increasing number of architectural and urban projects. Due to this trend, the present paper seeks to explore and highlight the relationship between the planning strategies employed on coast limits and their social impact on the existing fishing districts. We will try to outline the complex dynamics that are developed on neighborhood scale, based on a comparative approach between three case-studies in the Iberian Peninsula: São Pedro da Afurada (Oporto), Barceloneta (Barcelona), Cabanyal (Valencia). The analysis raises the question upon the argumentative discourse on competence and sustainability, while focuses on the area of São Pedro da Afurada, in order to perceive and interpret the various practices of spatiotemporal appropriation, from the local struggles in defense of the neighborhood, to the political tactics of gentrification.