Relevant bibliographies by topics / Watercourses

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Watercourses'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 27 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Watercourses"

1

Sluchevskaya, Yu A. "Problems of formation of an international regime of the joint use and protection of international watercourses." Lex Russica, no. 3 (April 5, 2019): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2019.148.3.073-086.

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The article is devoted to the problem of formation of modern international legal regime of joint use and protection of international watercourses that is aimed at effective provision of water to the States of international watercourse with due respect to new challenges and threats that have a negative impact on international water resources. The model is based on the concept of “international watercourse” that has the following features: 1) international watercourses include surface and ground waters; 2) a spatial and territorial criterion of an international watercourse that means crossing of the border between two or more States or being on their border; 3) the use of international watercourses affects the interests of two or more States; 4) the special international legal regime for the use of international watercourses that has developed within the framework of international law development; 5) special requirements for the protection of ecosystems of international watercourses that include protection from pollution and other forms of degradation of lands and forests adjacent to international watercourses, their fauna and flora; as well as seas into which watercourses flow; 6) a high conflict potential in the use of water resources of international watercourses. The analysis of the provisions of the doctrines of joint use and protection of transboundary waters shows that the formation of international water law should timely take into account human factors, technological and socio-economic changes. The modern international law model of the joint use and protection of international watercourses is a system of international legal norms regulating inter-state relations in the following areas: prevention, limitation and reduction of transboundary impact; protection of ecosystems of international watercourses; rational use of waters of international watercourses, effective management of water resources of international watercourses (including establishment and functioning of international basin organizations); information support of the population with regard to international watercourses.
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Lampartová, Ivana, and Jiří Schneider. "Possibilities of Evaluation of the Recreational Potential of Close to Nature Watercourses." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 62, no. 4 (2014): 799–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201462040799.

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Creation of close-to-nature river beds is one of the results of watercourses revitalization. Watercourses are segments in the country increasing its recreational potential.The recreational potential of watercourses contributes to rich diversity of animal and plant species. They are well-preserved natural environment with a different atmosphere and an interesting psychological effect. The current goal of revitalization measures in the landscape primarily consists of the optimization of landscape water regime, incl. flood control measures and the promotion of biodiversity, but the current philosophy speaks of multifunctional land usage. However, the revitalization is currently underappreciated in the Czech Republic and it is important to increase the recreational potential of the landscape. The subject of this article is evaluation of close to nature watercources from the point of view of recreation potential. The example locality of close to nature watercourse is part of Váh river near Iľava city. In this area some elements of recreational potential by the proposed methodology are discussed. Two river courses make a possible comparison between a technical canal and a modified one, but close-to-nature water course with all parameters of river phenomenon. Properties of nature and close-to-nature watercourses could be an inspiration for repairing(modifying, adjusting) river stretches within urban space.
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Gwynn, Maria A. "Adapting Watercourse Agreements to Developments in International Law." Brill Research Perspectives in International Water Law 4, no. 1 (April 10, 2019): 3–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23529369-12340013.

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AbstractThe United Nations Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses (UN Watercourses Convention) recommends that states apply and adapt their watercourse agreements to the provisions of the UN Watercourses Convention. To explore the advantages of abiding to crucial developments in international water law, environmental law, and climate change law, this monograph will analyze the most important hydroelectric energy treaty in the South American region, the Itaipu Treaty. The monograph will argue that adapting watercourse agreements to developments in international law provides a way to foster sustainable development for the treaty parties, the countries sharing the watercourse ecosystem, as well as the international community as a whole.
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Rashidian, Elnaz. "Rivers in the making; the definition of “Nahr” as a hybrid watercourse based on geoarchaeological evidence from Southwestern Iran." Water History 13, no. 2 (June 21, 2021): 235–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12685-021-00283-7.

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AbstractThis paper explores a new perspective to study the settlement dynamics of riverine landscapes by addressing human–environment interaction in the Ancient Near East through integration of remote sensing, new geodata, and developing a definition of a new category of a watercourse. The complex and entangled network of watercourses in the archaeologically crucial region of southwestern Iran, the Greater Susiana, hinders a clear view of the spatial relations between ancient settlements and their respective environments. The watercourses are known to be of either natural (rivers) or anthropogenic (canals) origin. However, many current watercourses do not fit into either category, which causes misinterpretations of the archaeological record. This paper introduces a third category, which consists of a hybrid of the two existing categories and suggests using the term “Nahr” to address such watercourses. The author implements this idea to a case study, Nahr-e Atiq, a watercourse in north Susiana, which passes two prominent sites, Abu Fanduweh and Haft Tappeh. Based on the results of a geoarchaeological investigation(including a survey, eight sediment cores, and several soil profiles, as well as 58 known archaeological sites), several hydro-morphologic elements are presented for identifying Nahrs. These include sedimentation, morphology, and physical characteristics. The most crucial aspect is the biography of a Nahr, as these hybrid watercourses might consist of different sections with different genesis. The author argues that Nahr, as defined here, must be considered an artifact, and studied as such in the landscape archaeology of the Ancient Near East.
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Nadeem, Abdul Majeed, Tariq Ali, Wei Wei, Qi Cui, and Shaoan Huang. "Can Irrigation Conditions Improve Farmers’ Subjective Well-being? An Investigation in Rural Pakistan." Water 13, no. 4 (February 16, 2021): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13040505.

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In many developing countries, including Pakistan, the enormous water losses due to outdated irrigation infrastructure threaten livelihoods and food security, while investment in the development of efficiency improvements can help the countries to cope with water scarcity and improve farmers’ wellbeing. This study evaluates how rural farmers’ decisions regarding improving irrigation watercourses and other irrigation conditions affect their wellbeing. We employ hypothesis testing and an ordered logit model on field survey data of 300 farming households from rural Pakistan. The mean test results suggest that farmers on lined watercourses are happier than those on unlined and partially lined watercourses. The regression results suggest that farmers on a fully lined watercourse have higher wellbeing than those on a partially lined watercourse. The time taken by canal water and groundwater to reach farmers’ land reduces their wellbeing. Irrigation quotas, the return of stolen water and the distance of groundwater sources from land have positive effects on farmers’ wellbeing. The study establishes a strong correlation between irrigation conditions, improved irrigation network and farmers’ wellbeing.
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Lebotse, Kabelo Kenneth. "Southern African Development Community Protocol on Shared Watercourses: Challenges of Implementation." Leiden Journal of International Law 12, no. 1 (March 1999): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156599000059.

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The Rundu – Grootfontein Project, a project by which Namibia wants to divert waters of the Okavango river, may significantly affect the flow of that river through Botswana. The present paper discusses and tests rules of global and regional international watercourse law as to their applicability to the problems posed by the project. In this respect the UN Framework Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses, as well as the Southern African Development Community Protocol on Shared Watercourses form the main focal point.
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Somlyai, Berta, Nagy, Dévai, Ács, Szabó, Nagy, and Grigorszky. "Heterogeneity and Anthropogenic Impacts on a Small Lowland Stream." Water 11, no. 10 (September 26, 2019): 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11102002.

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During our work, we investigated the physical and chemical variables of a small surface watercourse to investigate how different anthropogenic effects affect its water quality. Along this small watercourse, there are well-separated areas that are affected by various anthropogenic effects. In addition to its origin and branches, in many places it is surrounded by agricultural land with insufficient buffer zones, which burdens the small watercourse with nitrogen and phosphorus forms. In the lower stages, artificial damming inhibits the natural flow of the Tócó Canal, thereby creating eutrophicated stagnant water areas. This is further strengthened by, in many cases, illegal communal and used water intake that further burdens the small watercourse. Considering the experience of our investigation, it can be stated that the examined small watercourse could barely suffer human impacts, and it could be described with great heterogeneity using physical and chemical variables. We experienced that this heterogeneity caused by anthropogenic effects appeared in all hydrologic states and seasons. Furthermore, our research showed that these small watercourses had such high heterogeneity that their monitoring and examination should be taken just as seriously as when it comes to larger watercourses.
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Kelleway, Jeff, Debashish Mazumder, G. Glenn Wilson, Neil Saintilan, Lisa Knowles, Jordan Iles, and Tsuyoshi Kobayashi. "Trophic structure of benthic resources and consumers varies across a regulated floodplain wetland." Marine and Freshwater Research 61, no. 4 (2010): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf09113.

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Riverine food webs are often laterally disconnected (i.e. between watercourses) in regulated floodplain wetlands for prolonged periods. We compared the trophic structure of benthic resources and consumers (crustaceans and fish) of the three watercourses in a regulated floodplain wetland (the Gwydir Wetlands, Australia) that shared the same source water but were laterally disconnected. The crustaceans Cherax destructor (yabby), Macrobrachium australiense (freshwater prawn), the exotic fish Cyprinus carpio (European carp) and Carassius auratus (goldfish) showed significantly different δ13C values among the watercourses, suggesting spatial differences in primary carbon sources. Trophic positions were estimated by using δ15N values of benthic organic matter as the base of the food web in each watercourse. The estimated trophic positions and gut contents showed differences in trophic positions and feeding behaviours of consumers between watercourses, in particular for Melanotaenia fluviatilis (Murray–Darling rainbowfish) and M. australiense. Our findings suggest that the observed spatial variation in trophic structure appears to be largely related to the spatial differences in the extent and type of riparian vegetation (i.e. allochthonous carbon source) across the floodplain that most likely constituted part of the benthic resources.
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Vladimirtseva, O. V. "Method for Revealing Placer Gold Source." Mining Science and Technology 4, no. 4 (January 30, 2020): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/2500-0632-2019-4-273-281.

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Material characteristics of placer gold and geological and geomorphological features of placercontaining watercourses allow revealing the type of source that formed the placer. The studied area (the middle reach of theAdychaRiver, Verkhoyansk District, Yakutia) is characterized by highly developed placer gold mineralization both in ancient terrace sediments and high-order watercourses. The significant placer gold mineralization in the high-order watercourses, at very limited number of known bedrock gold deposits suggests the presence of not yet discovered bedrock gold mineralization. Revealing the type of sources of placer gold in young high-order watercourses allows to create prognostic and prospecting models for both potential placer and primary (vein) ore occurrences. The purpose of the study is to compile a logical-information algorithm, which, based on the most significant material and geological-geomorphological factors, will enable revealing the type of placer gold source and the possibility of its location discovery and probability of gold transportation continuation from the source. The study result is presented by a program (the Python programming language) that characterizes the type of placer gold source based on gold grain rounding degree, the presence of gold intergrowths with other minerals and the presence of heavy fraction. Assessment of the possibility of placer gold source location determination is based on geological and geomorphological factors: watercourse order, the type of placer, and spatial association with terraces of ancient erosion levels. The study of well-known gold placers using the created program allowed revealing gold placers with supposedly primary gold source and other ones with the source in the form of a natural intermediate gold concentrator. A map of exogenous gold mineralization with forecast elements was also created, presenting areas promising for revealing primary gold mineralization (areas of presence of high-order watercourses with gold mineralization source) and areas of high-order watercourses promising for discovering gold placers (identified by analogy (in geological and geomorphological position) with watercourses with the known source in the form of natural intermediate gold concentrator.
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Sudoł, Ewa. "Identification of shorelines for natural watercourses with the use of point cloud." E3S Web of Conferences 71 (2018): 00014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187100014.

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The article presents the method of identifying the shorelines for natural watercourses located in agricultural and forest areas in accordance with applicable law. In the process of developing methods for identification and verification of the actual course of watercourses, data from the cadastral map was used in the form of a vector drawing of borders and a database with border points in ZRD, BPP attributes, metadata and point clouds. The identification of the course of a watercourse on shrubbery and wooded areas as well as on-screen vectorization of the shoreline is cumbersome, and in some cases even impossible. In connection with the above, it has been proposed to use a point cloud and vertical sections prepared on their basis that run perpendicular to the edge of the watercourse. On their basis, the course of the shoreline was recognized in accordance with the definition contained in the Act on Water Law. Pursuant to § 9 para. 3a, beginning of the regulation that the land occupied by the natural seepage constitutes a separate cadastral plot within the boundary line, the suggested procedures for verifying the boundaries of watercourses can be used to update the land and building register databases. The identification of the boundaries of registered parcels made on the principles described in the publication may precede the activities of accepting the boundaries to the division of real estate. On the other hand, the course of the identified, in the mode of § 82a, the regulation the boundaries of registration plots constituting natural watercourses can be shown in the land and building register on the terms specified in art. 24 sec. 2b point 2) geodesy law, in order to replace data inconsistent with the actual state and applicable technical standards, respectively, data consistent with the actual state and applicable technical standards (§ 45 section 1 point 1 of the Regulation).
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Watercourses"

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Denk, B. Erdem. "Relative sovereignty over international watercourses : rights and obligations of watercourse states." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.528648.

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Shepard, Dawn Joy. "Modeling water temperature in small agricultural drainage watercourses." Online access for everyone, 2005. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2005/D%5FShepard%5F061505.pdf.

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Olsson, Cecilia. "Amphibian and reptile distribution in forests adjacent to watercourses." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-3301.

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Worldwide amphibians and reptiles are declining with habitat fragmentation and destruction as the primary cause. Riparian areas are important for the herpetofauna, but as land is converted to agriculture or harvested for timber the areas are diminishing. The aim of this study was to examine amphibian and reptile abundance in relation to distance from water and in relation to habitat characteristics, foremost per cent deciduous trees. The survey was conducted during spring at six different locations, with continuous forest along streams or rivers, outside of Karlstad, Sweden. Animals were searched along four lines parallel to the water and each study area was visited five times. Statistical analyses were made for grass snake (Natrix natrix), common lizard (Lacerta vivipara) and frogs with joined data of common frog (Rana temporaria) and moor frog (R. arvalis). As expected both reptiles were positively correlated with per cent deciduous trees, with the strongest significance for the common lizard. For grass snake there was also a difference between survey periods, which might reflect the importance of weather. Frogs revealed no trends to trees, but there was a significant difference for habitat characteristics like amount woody debris and per cent bare ground. None of the species were correlated with distance from water which was surprising, especially for the frogs which is more dependent on water than the reptiles. Grass snakes hunt in the water, but the common lizard has no such associations to the water, yet the latter did reveal a slight trend towards being more numerous closer to the water. The causes behind lacking correlation to distance from water may be many, but water characteristics seem very important. Many amphibians prefer warm and calm ponds over running water that in general are colder and likely to inhabit more predators. It was assumed that the amphibians breed in the streams or rivers, but it is possible that other water bodies may have served as breeding sites, which mean the starting point was incorrect.

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Wessollek, Christine, Pierre Karrasch, and Marie-Luise Kautz. "Surface irradiance estimations on watercourses with remote sensing data." SPIE, 2018. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35177.

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The vegetation in the riparian zone of a watercourse in fluences the water state with multiple factors, first via direct substance discharge and secondly via shadow casting on the water surface. Shadowing directly regulates the solar radiant energy arriving at the water surface. Solar radiation input to aquatic environments is the most important abiotic factor for aquatic flora and fauna habitat development. Thus, to adequately asses the ecological state of water courses it is necessary to quantify the solar surface irradiance E (W=m2) arriving on the water surface. When estimating the solar surface irradiance the complex coherence between incoming solar radiation, atmospheric in uences, and spatial-temporal geometries need to be investigated. This work established a work flow to compute the solar surface irradiance for water bodies using different remote sensing data. The work flow was tested on regional level for a section of the river Freiberger Mulde, Saxony, for the year 2016. Product of the calculations is a map visualising the annual sum of the solar surface irradiance (kWh=m2) arriving on the Freiberger Mulde water surface and the surrounding terrain. Based on these information bio-hydrological issues can be further examinated.
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Koberwein, Manuela de Franca Doria Farrajota Luciano. "The principle of co-operation in the law of international watercourses." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444161/.

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In international law, co-operation is a general concept applied in a variety of contexts. In the context of the law of international watercourses, the general obligation to co-operate and the procedural rules it comprises have a crucial role to play in the implementation of the substantive principles of equitable and reasonable utilisation and of diligent prevention of transboundary harm. The problems lie in the identification of the scope of the obligation, its specific content, legal status and application. The principal objective pursued in this thesis is to present a detailed examination of the nature, scope, specific content, application, and consequences of non-compliance with the obligation to co-operate in the particular context of the law of international watercourses, in order to contribute to the clarification of this vague but fundamental principle. To illustrate how the theories relating to the obligation to co-operate on international watercourses can be translated into concrete acts, several examples are provided, including planned works in a basin State such as dams. Due to the variety and the nature of the issues involved in the context of international watercourses, an interdisciplinary approach was adopted between law and geography. This approach permits the sharing of insights and information, and a better understanding of several technical questions presented to the international lawyer when dealing with international watercourses. The thesis finally presents conclusions regarding the evolution and consolidation of the principle of co-operation, and assesses the feasibility of constructing and securing wider acceptance for a model of co-operation and the potential utility of such a model.
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Raven, Paul John. "Ecological effect of two-stage flood relief channels on River Roding, Essex, England." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318554.

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The River Roding near Abridge, Essex was monitored during 1979-82 to assess the short-term ecological effects of recent and contemporary river engineering works on a small, rural watercourse. Increased environmental awareness by Thames Water Authority river engineers and scientists resulted in implementation of an ecologically-sensitive flood alleviation scheme which provided an ideal opportunity for a pioneer case study. Sampling procedure was designed to describe aquatic and riparian habitats, flora and fauna along the watercourse. An extensive, 27 Jan survey revealed that the middle Roding was a typical, highly modified clay river, with limited conservation value. Intensive, continuous monitoring was confined to a 5km stretch; with reference to annual variations recorded in a control site, ecological change produced by three phases of engineering works between 1974 and 1980, each involving two-stage flood relief channels, are described. The magnitude of disturbance to the original habitat determined ecological impact. Retention of in-channel and waterside habitats ensured normal vegetation growth the following Spring, benefitting dragonflies and fish; furthermore, the subsequent development of a richer 'channel-margin' flora produced an increase in waterbird territories. By contrast, excavation below water level severely retarded waterside vegetation recovery, while construction of a trapezoidal, concrete-lined channel produced an impoverished environment which greatly reduced habitat diversity. Silting, plus greater aquatic plant growth in response to increased light levels caused by berm excavation, reduced channel discharge capacity, accentuated by dense Phalaris arundinacea stands on unmanaged berms subject to regular summer inundation. An hydraulically efficient two-stage profile which improves riverine wildlife potential could be produced by retention of the original dry-weather channel; excavation, from one bark, of shallow flood berms which remain dry throughout the summer; tree-planting to counter the effects of increased light; sowing low-profile grasses; and regular grazing or cutting of berm vegetation.
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Torrijo, Ximena Fuentes. "The criteria of equitable utilization of international watercourses in general international law." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312747.

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Hytteborn, Julia. "Water Quality in Swedish Lakes and Watercourses : Modeling the Intra-Annual Variability." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-234480.

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Water quality is of great importance for ecosystems and society. This thesis characterized and modeled the variation in several key constituents of Swedish surface waters, with particular consideration given to intra-annual variability and sensitivity to climate change. Cyanobacterial data from 29 lakes and basins as well as total organic carbon (TOC) from 215 watercourses were used. Extensive data on catchment characteristics, morphometry, discharge, temperature and other water chemistry data were also analyzed. Models characterizing the seasonality in cyanobacterial concentration and relative cyanobacterial abundance were developed with common lake variables. Concentrations of TOC, iron and absorbance were simulated using discharge, seasonality and long-term trend terms in the Fluxmaster modeling system. Spatial patterns in these model terms were investigated, and the sensitivity of cyanobacteria and TOC to future climate was explored. Nutrients were the major control on cyanobacterial concentration seasonality, while temperature was more important for relative cyanobacterial abundance. No cyanobacterial blooms occurred below a total phosphorus threshold of 20 µg l-1. Discharge and seasonality explained much of the intra-annual variability in TOC, but catchment characteristics could only explain a limited amount of the spatial patterns in the sensitivity to these influences. North of Limes Norrlandicus the discharge term had a larger impact on the TOC concentration in large catchments than in small catchments, while south of Limes Norrlandicus the seasonality had a larger impact in small catchments than in larger catchments. According to the climate change scenarios, both TOC and cyanobacterial concentrations will be higher in the future. The cyanobacterial dominance will start earlier and persist longer. The spring TOC concentration peak will come earlier. The changes in TOC loads are more uncertain due to predicted declines in discharge. Parsimonious statistical regression models could explain observed variability in cyanobacteria and TOC. For predictions, these models assume that future aquatic ecosystems will exhibit the same sensitivity to major drivers as in the past. If this proves not to be the case, the modeling can serve as a sentinel for changing catchment function as indicated by degradation in model performance when calibrations on older data are used to model later observations.
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Upreti, Trilochan. "Equitable utilisation of international watercourses : a case study of India and Nepal." Thesis, University of Reading, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402612.

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Kawas, M. "Studies of sediment erosion and of the geometry of sediment carrying watercourses." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371314.

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Books on the topic "Watercourses"

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Community, Southern African Development. Revised Protocol on Shared Watercourses. [Gaborone]: Southern African Development Community, 2000.

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McCaffrey, Stephen C. The law of international watercourses. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.

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Agency, Scottish Environment Protection. Watercourses in the community: A guide to sustainable watercourse management in the urban environment. Stirling: SEPA, 2000.

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Ontario. Ministry of Agriculture and Food. Fencing of Watercourses to Contgrol Erosion. S.l: s.n, 1990.

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Madsen, Bent Lauge. Danish watercourses: Ten years with the new watercourse act : collected examples of maintenance and restoration. Copenhagen: Ministry of Environment and Energy, Danish Environmental Protection Agency, 1995.

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Beasley, Gary. Macroinvertebrates, heavy metals and PAHs in urban watercourses. Leeds: University of Leeds, School of Geography, 2001.

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McIntyre, Owen. Environmental protection of international watercourses under international law. Hants, Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2007.

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The law of international watercourses: Non-navigational uses. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.

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Joint Finnish-Russian Commission on the Utilization of Frontier Watercourses. Cooperation on the frontier watercourses during thirty years. [Helsinki]: Joint Finnish-Russian Commission on the Utilization of Frontier Watercourses, 1995.

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Upreti, Trilochan. International watercourses law and its application in South Asia. Kathmandu: Pairavi Prakashan, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Watercourses"

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Axe, Matthew. "Green Corridors and Watercourses." In Smart Urban Regeneration, 191–200. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2017. |: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315677521-12.

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Alasaarela, Erkki, Jouko Havu, Kaisa Heikkinen, and Kjell Weppling. "Neutralization of Acidified Watercourses." In Acidification in Finland, 1117–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75450-0_56.

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del Castillo-Laborde, Lilian. "Case Law on International Watercourses." In The Evolution of the Law and Politics of Water, 319–35. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9867-3_19.

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Scotton, Paolo, Stefano De Toni, and Catia Monauni. "Main Features of Watercourses' Hydrodynamics." In Water Quality Measurements, 33–45. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470863781.ch3.

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Fitzmaurice, Malgosia, and Olufemi Elias. "Northern European Co-Operation Regarding Watercourses." In Watercourse Co-operation in Northern Europe, 95–118. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-617-6_4.

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Bernikovа, T. A., N. N. Nagornova, N. A. Tsoupikova, and S. V. Shibaev. "Environmental Features of Watercourses in the Kaliningrad Region." In The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 223–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/698_2017_108.

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Devlaeminck, David J. "Sovereignty claims in the law of international watercourses." In Reciprocity and China’s Transboundary Waters, 40–60. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429291753-3.

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Eckstein, Gabriel. "Groundwater and Aquifers Under the UN Watercourses Convention." In The International Law of Transboundary Groundwater Resources, 68–80. Abingdon, Oxon [UK] New York : Routledge, 2017. | Series: Earthscan water text: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315731216-5.

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Brodin, Y. W. "Acidification of lakes and watercourses in a global perspective." In Liming of Acidified Surface Waters, 45–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79309-7_2.

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Mihola, Marek. "Damaged Bridges over Watercourses and Stream Order Flood Analysis." In Computational Risk Management, 371–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15243-6_43.

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Conference papers on the topic "Watercourses"

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Smith, Sheldon, Shannon Enes, Jackie Metcalfe, Rick Guthrie, and Chuck Dubeau. "Does Open Cut Pipeline Installation Affect the Geomorphology of Rivers?" In 2020 13th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2020-9334.

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Abstract Open cut has traditionally been the preferred method of pipeline installation traversing watercourses. It is well understood and accepted that open cut excavation of the channel bed and banks during construction causes temporary disturbance to watercourse and aquatic habitat. Horizontal directional drilling, direct push and other subsurface installation methods can potentially avoid channel bed and bank disturbance but may have unique environmental effects such as frac-outs of drilling fluid. Although highly dependent on site conditions, open cut crossings are generally less costly than comparable subsurface installation methods. When a pipeline is installed in an open cut, the pipe is typically installed on a gravel or sand bed, laid in place, surrounded by a sand pack and surrounding soils placed back in the cut in a manner that attempts to replicate the soil lithology, horizons and native compaction of the cut. It has long been thought that this sediment and soil disturbance and backfilling has the potential create a zone of geomorphological weakness at the cut where soil and sediment become dissimilar to the surrounding channel bed and banks and can result in the acceleration of bed scour, bank erosion, widening and slope instability. In this paper we examine the longer-term effects of open cut pipeline installations on the geomorphic characteristics of watercourses. Over the course of four years of field investigation, nearly 750 pipeline watercrossings throughout Ontario were visited and assessed for geomorphic stability and depth of cover. The fluvial geomorphology of Ontario is diverse and ranging from alluvial, sinuous, unconfined, low gradient watercourses in the southwest to karst-influenced morphologies in eastern Ontario and often greater slope, confined and bedrock dominated watercourses in the north. By examining the field-based geomorphological characteristics of pipeline watercourse crossings in Ontario installed by open cut and crossing a wide range of fluvial geomorphological types we will explore and draw empirically-based conclusions on whether open cuts do in fact affect the long term geomorphological conditions of the watercourse.
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Jasper, Steve, Jason D. Harris, and Raymond Doering. "The SWAT Approach for Pipeline Watercourse Crossings." In 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31358.

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This paper describes a multi-year program to assess pipeline crossings of sensitive watercourses along a major pipeline project. During the Front End Engineering and Design (FEED) phase a sensitive watercourse assessment team (SWAT) was established to provide a biophysical and construction assessment of selected watercourses to be crossed by a proposed pipeline project in western Canada. The SWAT comprised a fisheries biologist, a pipeline watercourse construction specialist and other technical support personnel. The field work included assessing biophysical data, fish habitat values, access to the crossing location, construction issues, site-specific mitigative measures and potential habitat compensation options, as well as providing photo documentation and a conceptual crossing sketch. The advantages of the SWAT assessment at a crossing site were: • It provided an effective and efficient field assessment of the proposed watercourse crossing in the early phase of the project. • It was a multidisciplinary assessment. • It provided a recommendation as to a preferred crossing location at the site. • It provided a recommendation as to preferred crossing method and timing of construction at the site. • The data were site-specific to the preferred crossing location. Three consecutive years of baseline biophysical field data were compiled and site reports generated using a custom designed database. Over 200 sensitive watercourses were identified based on environmental, geotechnical, and constructability factors and were visited by the SWAT team, sometimes more than once, for a total of 271 individual site assessments. Data collected during the FEED phase included site-specific information that can be used for ongoing project discussions, regulatory and community consultations, permitting and Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) authorizations. The SWAT program also provided recommendations for minor or significant shifts in crossing location for 40% of the sites visited, resulting in changes to the pipeline alignment during the route evolution process.
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Ripley, Neil, Elisa Scordo, and Alex Baumgard. "A GIS-Based System to Assess the Environmental Consequence of a Liquid Pipeline Rupture at Watercourse Crossings." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90473.

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BGC Engineering Inc. (BGC) was retained by a large pipeline operator to develop a GIS-based system to assess and rank the environmental consequence of a pipeline rupture on watercourse crossings within their pipeline system. Several physical, biological and socio-economic factors contribute to the environmental consequence of a pipeline rupture on a watercourse. This study examined select spatial and vulnerability factors, and did not consider biologic or economic impacts. Three factors were selected as part of the initial study to prioritize the pipeline watercourse crossings according to: (1) size of the watercourse at the pipeline crossing, (2) proximity of each individual crossing to larger downstream watercourses, and (3) pipeline liquid flow rate volume. A spatial analysis was conducted to determine the first two factors, while input for the third factor was provided by the pipeline operator. Watercourse size was determined using Strahler’s stream order classification (Strahler 1952), while proximity to larger downstream watercourses was assessed using a Geographic Information System (GIS). This paper presents an overview of the data sources and methods used to develop an initial screening tool for identifying high consequence crossings within a pipeline system, and highlights the challenges encountered with acquiring and processing data to include in a consequence rating system. As with other pipeline risk assessments, the main challenges of this work include data availability, data integrity and resource limitations. This system is intended to fit within the pipeline operator’s current geohazard integrity management program and direct resources for a multi-year baseline field inspection program.
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Nilsson, Karin, Erik Segergren, Jan Sundberg, Elisabeth Sjo¨stedt, and Mats Leijon. "Converting Kinetic Energy in Small Watercourses Using Direct Drive Generators." In ASME 2004 23rd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2004-51213.

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Tidal currents, ocean currents and unregulated watercourses are all large sources of energy that can be converted into electricity. Several technical and economical solutions within this research area have been demonstrated. In literature there exists two different turbine types, horizontal and vertical axis. The present paper focuses on the design of a permanent magnetized generator directly coupled to a vertical axis turbine. The proposed theoretical concept is adapted to data measurements regarding water current velocities and flow profiles from a Swedish watercourse. A high electromagnetic efficiency of 90% is obtained.
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Jadviscok, Petr. "THE DETAILED MAPPING OF WATERCOURSES." In 13th SGEM GeoConference on INFORMATICS, GEOINFORMATICS AND REMOTE SENSING. Stef92 Technology, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2013/bb2.v2/s09.059.

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Ruiz-Villanueva, V., A. Badoux, R. Boes, D. Rickenmann, C. Rickli, I. Schalko, L. Schmocker, et al. "Large wood research in Swiss watercourses." In The International Conference On Fluvial Hydraulics (River Flow 2016). Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315644479-358.

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Ferris, Gerry, Patrick Grover, and Aron Zahradka. "Real Time Rainfall Monitoring for Pipeline Geohazards." In ASME-ARPEL 2021 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2021-63162.

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Abstract Oil and gas pipelines are subjected to multiple types of geohazards which cause pipeline failures (loss of containment); two of the most common types occur at watercourse crossings and at landslides. At watercourse crossings, the most common geohazard which causes pipeline failures is flooding during which excessive scour may result in the exposure of the buried pipeline and if the exposure results in a free spanning pipeline, then this may fail due to fatigue caused by cyclic loading from vortex-induced vibration. Fortunately the free span length and water velocity combinations that lead to failure can be defined and can be used to identify the flood discharge that should be monitored for in order to trigger actions to manage the hazard and avoid failure. Most watercourse crossings in a pipeline network are on ungauged watercourses and necessitate the use of a proxy gauged watercourse. The “proxy” gauged watercourse is used to infer whether flooding is occurring on the ungauged crossing, and the owner can take appropriate actions. Often the proxy gauged watercourse is too far away or the watercourse may not be representative of the crossing of concern (e.g. large difference in the drainage areas). Real-time rainfall data can be used in conjunction with streamflow monitoring to determine when extreme precipitation has occurred within the ungauged watercourses catchment which may result in flooding. Where pipelines cross landslide prone areas, large scale movements can be initiated, or slow on-going movement rates increased when extreme rainfall occurs. The definition of the extreme rainfall event for slope sites is the key component of providing a suitable warning of potentially dangerous conditions; shallow slides can be caused by short term events from sub-hourly to 3 day duration precipitation events whereas large deep seated (creeping) landslides can be driven by annual and intra-annual rainfall amounts. Monitoring of real time rainfall can be used to determine when extreme rainfall occurs at a landslide site. The density of in-situ weather stations collecting real-time rainfall data prevents the application along remote sections of pipeline routes and within large sections of Canada. Gridded real time rainfall from quantitative precipitation estimations which integrate a multiple data sources including in-situ, numerical weather prediction, satellite and weather radar, can be used to overcome this problem and provide warnings when pre-determined rainfall thresholds are exceeded on a site-specific basis.
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Ferris, Gerald, Sarah Newton, and Minh Ho. "Watercourse Crossing Program: 10 Years Performance." In ASME-ARPEL 2019 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2019-5314.

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Abstract Plains Midstream Canada (PMC) completes a watercourse crossing program as part of its overall integrity management program. The approximately 9,900 kilometers of operating and discontinued pipelines are evaluated within the watercourse crossing program. The pipelines are located throughout the Canadian Provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba and Ontario. The terrain traversed ranges from relatively steep near the Rocky Mountains to extremely flat in northern Alberta and Southern Ontario. Since 2008, PMC’s systematic watercourse crossing program has evolved and now consists of approximately 5,000 individual watercourse crossings. The bankfull width of the watercourses ranges from less than 1 m for intermittent streams to more than 700 m at major rivers. The watercourse crossing program is subjected to a continuous improvement process, with a focus on key learnings from pipeline failures, free spans and exposure. This paper describes the results from the program over the last 10 years and highlights program improvements. In addition, data from a failure and three free spans on the pipelines now owned by PMC, but where the exposure, free span or failure occurred prior to PMC purchasing the pipelines were added to expand the available data for the key learnings.
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Vranešević, Milica, Atila Bezdan, Boško Blagojević, Gordana Šekularac, Radovan Savić, and Miroljub Aksić. "HIDROHEMIJSKA OCENA KVALITETA VODE ZA NAVODNJAVANJE U BANATU, SRBIJA." In XXVII savetovanje o biotehnologiji. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt27.371v.

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In this paper, the potential impact of the waters of the Banat watercourses of Zlatica, Brzava and Kikindski kanal as potential sources for irrigation is assessed on the basis of monthly water samples from the measuring stations of Markovićevo, Vrbica and Novo Miloševo, for the vegetation period from the year 2007 to 2019. The aim of the research is to get hydrochemical assesment of irrigation water quality from the basic chemical aspect in order to examine the possibility of using these watercourses for irrigation purposes. Most of the samples according to different quality parameters belong to the class of water that is of suitable quality, which indicates the fact that the examined watercourses are good as sources for irrigation.
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Powar, Vishwas, Christopher Post, Elena Mikhailova, Chuck Cook, Mohammad Mayyan, Akshay Bapat, and Clifford Harmstad. "Sensor networks for hydrometric monitoring of urban watercourses." In 2019 IEEE 16th International Conference on Smart Cities: Improving Quality of Life Using ICT & IoT and AI (HONET-ICT). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/honet.2019.8908007.

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Reports on the topic "Watercourses"

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Malik, S. M., Waheed-uz-Zaman, and M. Kuper. Farmers' organized behavior in irrigated agriculture in Pakistan's Punjab: a case study of six watercourse command areas in Junejwala Minor, Lower Chenab Canal System. International Irrigation Management Institute (IIMI), 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.5337/2013.038.

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