Journal articles: 'Waterbird management'

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Li, Xiuzhong, Qing Zeng, Guangchun Lei, and Gongqi Sun. "Effects of Meteorological Factors on Waterbird Functional Diversity and Community Composition in Liaohe Estuary, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 9 (April 28, 2022): 5392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095392.

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Functional trait diversity represents ecological differences among species, and the structure of waterbird communities is an important aspect of biodiversity. To understand the effect of meteorological changes on the waterbird functional diversity and provide suggestions for management and conservation, we selected a study area (726 km2) in Liaohe Estuary, located in northeast China. We explored the trends of the waterbird functional diversity changes in response to meteorological factors using fourth corner analysis. Our study demonstrated that temperature was a key factor that impacted waterbird functional diversity in spring, while precipitation had a greater impact in autumn. The population size of goose and duck was positively associated with temperature and negatively with precipitation, while that of the waders (Charadriiformes) showed opposite association trends. Herbivores and species nesting on the bare ground exhibited responses to meteorological factors similar to those of geese and ducks, while benthivores and waterbirds nesting under grass/shrubs exhibited trends similar to those of waterbirds. Waterbirds with smaller bodies, shorter feathers, and lower reproductive rates preferred higher temperatures and less precipitation than other waterbirds. In addition, we observed seasonal variations in waterbird functional diversity. In spring, we should pay attention to waders, herbivores, and waterbirds nesting on the bare ground when the temperature is low. In autumn, waders, benthivores, and omnivores need more attention under extreme precipitation. As the global climate warms in this study area, waterbird functional diversity is expected to decline, and community composition would become simpler, with overlapping niches. Biodiversity management should involve protecting intertidal habitats, supporting benthic macrofaunal communities, preparing bare breeding fields for waterbirds favoring high temperatures to meet their requirements for population increase, and preventing the population decline of geese and ducks, herbivores, and species nesting under grass/shrubs. The findings of our study can aid in developing accurate guidelines for waterbird biodiversity management and conservation.

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Brandis, K. J., J. Spencer, B. Wolfenden, and D. Palmer. "Avian-botulism risk in waterbird breeding colonies and implications for environmental water management." Marine and Freshwater Research 71, no. 2 (2020): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18446.

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Avian botulism poses a significant risk to waterbird health in Australian wetlands. This paralytic, often fatal, disease occurs when birds ingest a neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Our current understanding of avian botulism comes largely from studies in the northern hemisphere, with many of these studies linking outbreaks of avian botulism with poor water quality. The Murray–Darling Basin provides the most important breeding habitat for colonial waterbirds in Australia, but the frequency of large-scale breeding events has declined, and waterbird populations are near record-low numbers. Avian botulism has the capacity to have significant impacts on waterbird recruitment if not managed appropriately. We propose that environmental water-management strategies that aim to maintain water quality through flow delivery to waterbird colonies could mitigate the risk of botulism outbreaks and contribute to waterbird population recovery.

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Li, Chunlin, Sen Yang, Daode Zha, Yong Zhang, and Willem F. de Boer. "Waterbird Communities in Subsidence Wetlands Created by Underground Coal Mining in China: Effects of Multi-Scale Environmental and Anthropogenic Variables." Environmental Conservation 46, no. 1 (September 14, 2018): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892918000292.

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SummaryUnderground coal mining in the North China Plain has created large-scale subsidence wetlands that may attract waterbirds that use them as complementary habitats. However, no study has been conducted to understand avian use of these created wetlands, inhibiting the formulation of effective management plans. Here, we carried out 12 semi-monthly surveys in 55 subsidence wetlands during the 2016–2017 migration and wintering period and performed direct multivariate analyses, combined with variance partitioning, to test the effects of multi-scale habitat variables on the waterbird assemblages. A total of 89 349 waterbirds representing 60 species were recorded, with seasonal fluctuations in species richness and bird abundance. Waterbird community structures were shaped by four groups of variables at local, landscape and human levels with different effects among seasons. Anthropogenic disturbance was the most important factor group, negatively affecting most guilds. Waterbirds in this human-dominated environment are under a variety of potential threats that should be further studied. The subsidence wetlands are still expanding, and if managed effectively, may provide important complementary habitats for a wide array of waterbird species, particularly for those migrating along the East Asian–Australasian Flyway. Our study provides key baseline data regarding the waterbird communities and may help with the designing of effective management and conservation plans.

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Chakraborty, Anupam, Himangshu Barman, Goutam K. Saha, and Gautam Aditya. "Wintering waterbird assemblage in an emerging wetland of West Bengal, India: characterization for conservation management." Ornis Hungarica 29, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/orhu-2021-0001.

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Abstract Waterbirds constitute a prominent biota and reflect the ecosystem health and functionality of the freshwater wetlands. Documentation of the bird species assemblages of wetlands is therefore carried out as a part of monitoring of wetlands from a sustainability viewpoint. Using the emerging wetland of Purbasthali, West Bengal, India, as a model study area, the diversity of the associated bird species was estimated to supplement necessary information for conservation management of birds and ecosystems. The point count method was applied to count the waterbirds from each sighting location with a 25 m radius covering 360° arc and the counting period lasted 10 min for each site, and counts were made in the winter of 2016/2017. The data on the waterbirds encountered were recorded and subjected to diversity analysis, including the residential status, global population trend and feeding guilds. Apparently, the wetland was considered as suitable habitat for 27 waterbird species, which could be grouped under 24 genera, 10 families and 5 orders. Among these, the family Anatidae with maximum relative density and abundance dominated in the wetland. Out of the 27 recorded species, 5 species were widespread winter visitors, 3 species widespread resident, as well as, widespread winter visitors and 2 species were sparse local winter visitors. A globally near threatened species, the Black-headed Ibis (Threskiornis melanocephalus) was very common in the sampling sites. The waterbird assemblage in the wetland was dominated by carnivores followed by omnivores and herbivores. The abundance of the waterbirds with considerable variations in the foraging guild reflects availability and exploitation of multiple resources of the Purbasthali wetlands. Prominence in the differences in relative abundance of the different waterbirds could be linked with the heterogeneity in the habitat quality. The present information on waterbird assemblage calls for appropriate measures for conservation of the species and appropriate management of Purbasthali wetlands.

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Kingsford, R. T., and J. L. Porter. "Monitoring waterbird populations with aerial surveys - what have we learnt?" Wildlife Research 36, no. 1 (2009): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr08034.

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We can use aerial surveys of waterbirds to identify high-conservation-value wetlands, estimate species’ abundance and track changes in wetland condition. Two major approaches prevail. Transects to estimate a few species (1–20, often ducks) are predominantly used in North America and counts of entire waterbird assemblages on discrete wetlands are favoured in Australia. Such differences reflect wetland type, discrete (whole count) and continuous (transect) sampling, different objectives and history. There are few continuous large-scale aerial surveys of waterbirds, despite cost efficiencies and effectiveness. We review the eastern Australian waterbird survey that samples about one-third of the continent (2.697 million km2). Each October, during 1983–2007, all waterbirds were estimated on an average of 811 wetlands, within ten 30-km-wide survey bands, separately extending across latitudes from the east coast to central Australia. The survey has demonstrated the importance of arid wetlands for waterbirds and provided management data on distribution, abundance and breeding of waterbirds. Most significantly, long-term temporal data for individual wetlands provided strong evidence for the impacts of water resource development (dam building, diversion of water). These data have influenced wildlife management, river rehabilitation and restoration policies at a national scale.

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LI, DONGLAI, SIHANG CHEN, HUW LLOYD, SHUYU ZHU, KAI SHAN, and ZHENGWANG ZHANG. "The importance of artificial habitats to migratory waterbirds within a natural/artificial wetland mosaic, Yellow River Delta, China." Bird Conservation International 23, no. 2 (April 8, 2013): 184–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270913000099.

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SummaryAnthropogenic conversion of natural wetlands into artificial wetland habitats has produced complex wetland landscapes worldwide. In this study we investigated the responses of migratory and wintering waterbirds to five artificial wetland habitats (aquaculture ponds, paddyfields, irrigation canals, open water reservoirs and saltpans) within a novel natural-artificial wetland landscape, Yellow River Delta (YRD), eastern China from October 2007 to May 2008. The results showed that almost all bird community indicators in the YRD natural wetlands were higher than those in adjacent artificial wetlands. Across the landscape, natural wetlands remained most important for all waterbird guilds, and more than 90% of waterbird populations were dependent on these habitats. Artificial wetlands mainly provided a secondary role, supporting about 70% of waterbird species (including six species that reached 1% of their global or biogeographical flyway populations), but with distinctive functional capacity for specific waterbird guilds in different artificial wetlands. The conservation value of artificial wetlands is often ephemeral, mainly during autumn, for specific migratory waterbirds and complements that of remaining areas of natural wetlands. Therefore, the utilisation patterns of artificial wetlands are highly temporal and the majority of species are dependent on areas of natural wetland. A comprehensive study of the inter-seasonal and inter-annual variations in these different habitats and dependence by the various guilds in the YRD is required to enable the true value of these habitats to be understood. We suggest that the conservation of artificial wetlands should not be at the expense of natural wetlands, which should remain the priority for wetland landscape management. Management to maintain the existing artificial wetlands for migrating and wintering water birds should target habitat features that are absent or limited in natural wetlands thus increasing the carrying capacity of the YRD landscape.

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Halse, SA, GB Pearson, RP Jaensch, P. Kulmoi, P. Gregory, WR Kay, and AW Storey. "Waterbird surveys of the Middle Fly River floodplain, Pap New Guinea." Wildlife Research 23, no. 5 (1996): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9960557.

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In total, 58 species of waterbird were recorded on the grassed floodplain of the Middle Fly during surveys in December 1994 and April 1995. The floodplain is an important dry-season habitat both in New Guinea and internationally, with an estimated (+/- s.e.) 587249 +/- 62741 waterbirds in December. Numbers decreased 10-fold between December and April to 54914 +/- 9790: the area was less important during the wet season when it was more deeply inundated. Only magpie geese, comb-crested jacanas and spotted whistling-ducks were recorded breeding on the floodplain. The waterbird community was numerically dominated by fish-eating species, especially in December. Substantial proportions of the populations of many species that occurred on the Middle Fly in December were probably dry-season migrants from Australia, suggesting that migration across Torres Strait is important to the maintenance of waterbird numbers in both New Guinea and Australia.

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Zhang, Yamian, Shengwu Jiao, Yifei Jia, Qing Zeng, Duoduo Feng, and Guangchun Lei. "Spatial and Temporal Variations in Waterbird Communities and its Implications for Ecosystem Management in a Large Temperate Arid Wetland of Northwest P.R. China." Avian Biology Research 10, no. 2 (May 2017): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/175815617x14878495604689.

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Wuliangsuhai Lake is one of the key wetlands in the vast arid region of northwest P.R. China, and provides critical breeding and staging habitats for waterbirds in the East Asian–Australasian Flyway and the Central Asian Flyway. It also provides livelihoods for local communities through fishing, reed harvesting and tourism. Balancing conservation and economic use of the lake requires a thorough understanding of the dynamics of waterbird communities. From April 2011 to March 2012, we conducted a monthly waterbird survey on the lake, and counted more than 165,900 individuals which belonged to 87 species, 14 families and six orders. There were significant temporal differences in species richness and abundance. The highest migration activities of the birds were recorded in May and August. Shallow water and open water areas were mostly used by waterbirds with over 50% of the species, and a population density of 1,000 individuals per km2 recorded. Human use of the wetland mainly consists of fishing, tourism and reed harvesting, which may have a significant impact on waterbirds. The most intensive human activities occurred in July and August, in open water and shallow water. An adaptive management plan to reduce the negative impact of fishing and tourism activities in summer and autumn, to rationalise reed harvesting in winter and to control eutrophication are critical management measures in addressing threats to the ecological characters of the site.

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DINESEN, LARS, ALAN CHAMORRO, JON FJELDSÅ, and CONSTANTINO AUCCA. "Long-term declines in waterbirds abundance at Lake Junín, Andean Peru." Bird Conservation International 29, no. 1 (September 6, 2018): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270918000230.

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SummaryLake Junín is famous for the abundance and diversity of breeding, staging and wintering waterbirds. The lake supports the entire world population of three species or subspecies: Junín Grebe Podiceps taczanowskii, Junín Rail Laterallus tuerosi and the endemic subspecies of the White-tufted Grebe Rollandia rolland morrisoni. Surveys undertaken in the 1930s, 1960s, 1970s and 1980s confirmed the lake’s importance in the Andes, however there has been no recent assessment of its waterbird community. We undertook waterbird counts between 6 and 20 February 2014 from the lakeshore and by boat. Despite using differing survey methods, we nevertheless conclude that the relative abundance of waterbird species has changed dramatically compared to earlier counts. Most notably, the Junín Grebe has experienced a major decline since the 1930s when the species was considered extremely abundant and another native fish-eating species the White-tufted Grebe also appears to have declined. In contrast the Northern Silvery Grebe Podiceps juninensis, classified as ‘Near Threatened’, has apparently become more abundant. Numbers of Puna Teal Spatula puna and Common Gallinule Gallinula galeata seem to have crashed, presumably reflecting the general loss of submerged vegetation. In spite of a major decline in waterbirds overall, the Junín area holds numbers of migratory shorebirds, perhaps as a consequence of local hunting restrictions and awareness campaigns. Lake Junín is a candidate for listing on the Montreux Record under the Ramsar Convention as a wetland showing serious change in ecological character. Management planning should proceed to balance conflicting interests at the lake. Actions to re-establish a clear water column by reducing eutrophication (from settlements in the catchment) as well as sedimentation and heavy metals (from upstream mining) will contribute to improving ecological functions and to secure waterbirds including the endemics.

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Fleskes, Joseph P., Daniel A. Skalos, and Melissa A. Farinha. "Bird Use of Fields Treated Postharvest With Two Types of Flooding in Tulare Basin, California." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 164–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/092011-jfwm-056.

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Abstract We surveyed birds on grain and nongrain fields in the Tulare Basin of California treated postharvest with two types of flooding that varied in duration and depth of water applied (flooded-type [FLD] fields: <1 cm–1.5 m for >1 wk; irrigated-type [IRG] fields: <1–15 cm water for <1 wk at a time). Our goal was to compare use of these field types by birds to guide habitat conservation in the region. During 19 August–6 December 2005, we counted a total of 80,316 birds during 23 surveys of 5 FLD fields (four wheat, one alfalfa) and 8,225 birds during 38 surveys of 33 IRG fields (23 cotton, 4 tomato, 3 wheat, 1 alfalfa, 1 oat, 1 fallow). We recorded 14 waterfowl (13 duck, 1 goose), 29 other waterbird (coots, shorebirds, grebes, pelicans, herons, egrets, gulls, terns), and 14 nonwaterbird (passerines, raptors, and vultures) species on FLD fields compared to 5 duck, 14 other waterbird, and 9 nonwaterbird species on IRG fields. Species composition differed by field type; waterfowl comprised a greater percentage (FLD vs. IRG, 16.2% vs. 1.3%), other waterbirds a similar percentage (80.4% vs. 71.6%), and nonwaterbirds a lower percentage (3.5% vs. 27.1%) of birds on FLD than on IRG fields. The modeled density estimate of waterfowl was 108 times greater on FLD than IRG fields and 7.4 times greater on grain than nongrain fields. The density estimate of other waterbirds was 11.8 times greater on FLD than IRG fields and 4.4 times greater on grain than nongrain fields. The density estimate of nonwaterbirds was 14.3 times greater on grain than nongrain fields but did not differ by flood type. Long duration (i.e., >1 wk) flooding increased waterbird use of grain fields in the Tulare Basin more than in the northern Central Valley. Thus, even though water costs are high in the Tulare Basin, if net benefit to waterbirds is considered, management programs that increase availability of FLD fields (especially grain) in the Tulare Basin may be a cost-effective option to help meet waterbird habitat conservation goals in the Central Valley of California.

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Halse, SA, MR Williams, RP Jaensch, and JAK Lane. "Wetland characteristics and waterbird use of wetlands in south-western Australia." Wildlife Research 20, no. 1 (1993): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9930103.

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The presence or absence of 61 waterbird species on 95 wetlands in south-western Australia was related to six wetland characteristics: salinity, emergent vegetation, water depth, pH, phosphorus level and wetland size. More species were associated with salinity and vegetation than with other wetland characteristics. There were more positive associations with brackish than with fresh or saline wetlands and few species occurred in hypersaline wetlands. Trees or shrubs and sedges were the vegetation with which most species were associated; few species were recorded on completely open wetlands or those with only samphire. The 95 wetlands were classified into five groups on the basis of waterbird use. All wetland characteristics differed between groups but larger differences occurred in salinity, vegetation and water depth. The wetland group that supported most species also supported the highest numbers of waterbirds and most breeding species.

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Tallei, Ever, Analía Benavidez, Alejandro Schaaf, Pablo Isola, and Marcelo Zanotti. "Seasonal dynamics of waterbirds from a relict wetland in the central Monte Desert, Argentina." Neotropical Biology and Conservation 16, no. 2 (May 20, 2021): 333–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neotropical.16.e61672.

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Wetlands currently have high rates of degradation, with more than 70% lost globally. In the central Monte Desert, Argentina, they are a scarce and limited resource for the biodiversity which depends on them. Waterbirds have been used as biological indicators of wetlands because they respond to fluctuations in food resources and to environmental changes in the short term. Here we analyse the seasonal variations in the structure of the waterbird assemblage from a relict wetland in this region. We carried out censuses of waterbirds in a 6-year period (between 2009 and 2019) during the southern summer and winter. We recorded 1875 individuals of 33 species of waterbirds during the summer and 677 individuals of 29 species during the winter. The grouping patterns of the waterbird assemblages differed between seasons (R = 0.35; p < 0.01). Taxonomic diversity profiles showed greater diversity for all indexes (qD) during the summer. The guild of invertivorous and omnivorous waders had a greater abundance of individuals during the summer (p < 0.05) and, together with the surface-feeding herbivores, contributed to the 87% of the dissimilarity of the assemblages between seasons. Phoenicopterus chilensis was the only species registered as threatened with national and international extinction. Relict wetlands, such as Laguna del Viborón, still have attributes of community diversity and represent the last refuges for waterbirds of the central Monte Desert. The information gathered in this study will contribute to the guidelines for integrated management plans and monitoring programmes for the conservation of the wetland and its biodiversity.

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Parnell, James F., David G. Ainley, Hans Blokpoel, Brian Cain, Thomas W. Custer, Julian L. Dusi, Stephen Kress, et al. "Colonial Waterbird Management in North America." Colonial Waterbirds 11, no. 2 (1988): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1520996.

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Matchett, Elliott L., and Joseph P. Fleskes. "Waterbird Habitat in California's Central Valley Basins Under Climate, Urbanization, and Water Management Scenarios." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 9, no. 1 (January 17, 2018): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/122016-jfwm-095.

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Abstract California's Central Valley provides critical, but threatened habitat and food resources for migrating and wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, and other waterbirds. To assist in conservation planning, the Central Valley Joint Venture identified nine basins in the Valley. The basins vary in composition and extent of habitats, which primarily include croplands and wetlands that rely on water supplies shared with other competing human and environmental uses. Changes in climate, urban development, and water supply management are uncertain and could reduce future availability of water supplies supporting waterbird habitats and limit effectiveness of wetland restoration planned by the Central Valley Joint Venture to support wintering waterbirds. We modeled 17 plausible scenarios including combinations of 3 climate projections, 3 urbanization rates, and 5 water-supply management options to promote agricultural and urban water uses, with and without wetland restoration. Our research examines the reduction in quantity and quality of habitats during the autumn migration–wintering period by basin under each scenario, and the efficacy of planned wetland restoration to compensate for reductions in flooded areas of wetland habitats. Scenario combinations of projected climate, urbanization, and water-supply management options reduced availability of flooded cropland and wetland habitats during autumn–winter and degraded the quality of seasonal wetlands (i.e., summer irrigation for improved forage production), though the extent and frequency of impacts varied by basin. Planned wetland restoration may substantially compensate for scenario-related effects on wetland habitats in each basin. However, results indicate that Colusa, Butte, Sutter, San Joaquin, and Tulare basins may require additional conservation to support summer irrigation of seasonal wetlands and winter flooding of cropland habitats. Still further conservation may be required to provide sufficient areas of flooded seasonal and semipermanent wetlands in San Joaquin and Tulare basins during autumn–winter. The main objective of this research was to provide decision support for achieving waterbird conservation goals in the valley and to inform Central Valley Joint Venture's regional conservation planning.

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Nima and Ugyen Dorji. "Waterbird assemblage along Punatsangchhu River, Punakha and Wangdue Phodrang, Bhutan." Journal of Threatened Taxa 14, no. 6 (June 26, 2022): 21179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.7681.14.6.21179-21189.

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Crossing Bhutan is one of the shortest transits, and Bhutan holds the main breeding refuge/habitats for many Central Asian migratory birds. Our study assessed the community structure of waterbirds along the Punatsangchhu River basin, located towards the western part of Bhutan. The study determined the species composition, habitat use and preference of waterbirds, together with the different habitats present. Furthermore, the study examined the potential drivers of habitat fragmentation along the river. The entire study area was classified into five different habitats: dam, dredged area, farmland, urban, and pristine. The Cummings method of habitat assessment for high gradient river and streams was used to assess the habitat variables such as bank stability, vegetative protection and the riparian vegetation zone along the river and the association with the diversity of aquatic birds. A questionnaire survey was also used to evaluate the degree of threats caused by human disturbances. Among the five habitats, the dam area recorded the highest diversity (H` = 2.13) against their total count of 103 (8.7%) and the least diversity was recorded from farmland area (H` = 1.1) against their total count of 282 (23.8%) birds. Most waterbirds preferred an open area with shallow river depth. Habitats with emergent vegetation negatively correlated with the waterbird species composition. The study also recorded one Vulnerable species Aythya ferina, one Near Threatened species Vanellus duvaucelii, and one Endangered species Haliaeetus leucoryphus. Punatsangchhu is a major habitat to both resident and migratory waterbirds which stop here enroute from the Palaearctic and Indo-Malayan Region corroborating the need for habitat conservation and management regimes in the basin.

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David Shuford, W., Matthew E. Reiter, Khara M. Strum, Michelle M. Gilbert, Catherine M. Hickey, and Gregory H. Golet. "The benefits of crops and field management practices to wintering waterbirds in the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta of California." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 31, no. 6 (October 29, 2015): 495–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174217051500040x.

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AbstractAgricultural intensification has been a major factor in the loss of global biodiversity. Still, agricultural landscapes provide important habitat for many bird species, particularly in the Central Valley of California, USA, where >90% of the natural wildlife habitat has been lost. As wildlife professionals increasingly work with agricultural producers to promote ‘wildlife-friendly’ farming, it is important to understand the relative value of specific crops and field management practices to birds. The value to wintering waterbirds of seven treatments (crop and management practice combinations) across two crops (corn and winter wheat) was assessed at Staten Island in the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta of the Central Valley. Significant variation in the relative abundance of waterbirds was found among management practices, and post-harvest flooding and chopping and rolling (mulching) of corn were most beneficial to waterbirds. As expected, most waterbirds were common in flooded treatments, but geese, cranes and long-legged waders also were numerous in some dry treatments. Our data suggest that a greater waterbird species richness and abundance can be achieved by maintaining a mosaic of dry and flooded crop types, varying water depths and continuing the chop-and-roll practice for flooded corn. The observed benefits of particular crops and field management practices in this study should aid in the development of incentive-based programs to improve the habitat value of other working lands both within, and outside, the Delta.

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Nummi, Petri, Veli-Matti Vaananen, Antti-Juhani Pekkarinen, Visa Eronen, Markku Mikkola-Roos, Jarkko Nurmi, Antti Rautiainen, and Pekka Rusanen. "Alien predation in wetlands – the Raccoon Dog and water birds breeding success." BALTIC FORESTRY 25, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 228–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.46490/vol25iss2pp228.

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Alien predators are known to potentially strongly affect their prey populations. We studied the impact of raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) on waterbird breeding success in eight semi-urban wetlands in Finland. We manipulated raccoon dog density in two wetlands by removing individuals (2002 protection year, 2003 and 2004 removal years). We additionally performed nest predation experiments. We monitored raccoon dog density, estimated hunting bag size and observed waterbird breeding success. Our hypothesis predicts that the omnivorous raccoon dog plays a role in waterbird breeding success by depredating nests. Our experiments shown that the raccoon dog hunting bag in eutrophic wetlands may be large, as we removed 8.6–20.0 animals per km2. Both our nest predation experiment and field data indicated that raccoon dogs affect the breeding success of waterbirds. We found a significant relationship between raccoon dog density index and predation rate of the artificial nests, but not between red fox (Vulpes vulpes) density and predation on artificial nests. We did not find an association between raccoon dog abundance and the breeding success of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and great crested grebes (Podiceps cristatus). However, our study shows that birds species with different breeding strategies – e.g. great crested grebe, mute swan (Cygnus olor), mallard, Eurasian wigeon (Mareca penelope), coot (Fulica atra), lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) and marsh harrier (Circus aeruginosus) – when considered together showed higher breeding success both in 2003 and 2004 when compared to breeding success before removal. There was, however, variation in how strongly the species responded to raccoon dog removal. Our results indicate that the removal of alien raccoon dogs can be an important tool in wetland management. Keywords: ducks, invasive species, lapwing, nest predation experiment, Nyctereutes procyonoides, predator removal

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Reiter, Matthew E., Nathan K. Elliott, Dennis Jongsomjit, Gregory H. Golet, and Mark D. Reynolds. "Impact of extreme drought and incentive programs on flooded agriculture and wetlands in California’s Central Valley." PeerJ 6 (June 29, 2018): e5147. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5147.

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BackgroundBetween 2013 and 2015, a large part of the western United States, including the Central Valley of California, sustained an extreme drought. The Central Valley is recognized as a region of hemispheric importance for waterbirds, which use flooded agriculture and wetlands as habitat. Thus, the impact of drought on the distribution of surface water needed to be assessed to understand the effects on waterbird habitat availability.MethodsWe used remote sensing data to quantify the impact of the recent extreme drought on the timing and extent of waterbird habitat during the non-breeding season (July–May) by examining open water in agriculture (rice, corn, and other crops) and managed wetlands across the Central Valley. We assessed the influence of habitat incentive programs, particularly The Nature Conservancy’s BirdReturns and The Natural Resources Conservation Service’s Waterbird Habitat Enhancement Program (WHEP), at offsetting habitat loss related to drought.ResultsOverall, we found statistically significant declines in open water in post-harvest agriculture (45–80% declines) and in managed wetlands (39–60% declines) during the 2013–2015 drought compared to non-drought years during the period of 2000–2011. Crops associated with the San Joaquin Basin, specifically corn, as well as wetlands in that part of the Central Valley exhibited larger reductions in open water than rice and wetlands in the Sacramento Valley. Semi-permanent wetlands on protected lands had significantly lower (39–49%) open water in the drought years than those on non-protected lands while seasonal wetlands on protected lands had higher amounts of open water. A large fraction of the daily open water in rice during certain times of the year, particularly in the fall for BirdReturns (61%) and the winter for WHEP (100%), may have been provided through incentive programs which underscores the contribution of these programs. However, further assessment is needed to know how much the incentive programs directly offset the impact of drought in post-harvest rice by influencing water management or simply supplemented funding for activities that might have been done regardless.DiscussionOur landscape analysis documents the significant impacts of the recent extreme drought on freshwater wetland habitats in the Central Valley, the benefits of incentive programs, and the value of using satellite data to track surface water and waterbird habitats. More research is needed to understand subsequent impacts on the freshwater dependent species that rely on these systems and how incentive programs can most strategically support vulnerable species during future extreme drought.

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Chefaoui, Rosa M. "Seasonal variations of waterbird ecological networks under different saltpans management." Ecological Informatics 64 (September 2021): 101364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2021.101364.

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Erwin, R. Michael, Jeff S. Hatfield, Marshall A. Howe, and Susan S. Klugman. "Waterbird Use of Saltmarsh Ponds Created for Open Marsh Water Management." Journal of Wildlife Management 58, no. 3 (July 1994): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3809324.

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Pulido Capurro, Víctor, Ernesto Málaga Arenas, David Velarde Falconí, Dominga Micaela Cano, Edith Olivera Carhuaz, and Jessica Acevedo Flores. "Censo de aves acuáticas y conservación de humedales en las vertientes altoandinas del Perú." Revista de Investigaciones Altoandinas - Journal of High Andean Research 23, no. 4 (October 31, 2021): 244–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18271/ria.2021.310.

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Bird censuses in Peru began in the early twentieth century with seabird censuses carried out by the Compañía Peruana del Guano and later by IMARPE. Between 1992 and 2016 annual censuses were carried out, in 61 wetlands, in 12 departments of Peru, recording a total of 151 species between resident and migratory. The censuses constitute a great contribution to the knowledge of waterbird species and to the synergies between institutions and ornithologists who, through volunteering, compile important information for species conservation and wetland management in the Andean slopes. The taxonomic composition of the species, the importance of censuses, the migration routes of birds from the Nearctic, southern and high Andean regions, and the protected areas in the conservation of wetlands and biodiversity are analyzed. The aim of this paper is to carry out a historical analysis of the censuses and their contribution to the knowledge of waterbirds carried out in the last three decades with special reference to the conservation of wetlands in the Andean slopes in Peru.

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Kingsford, R. T., P. S. Wong, L. W. Braithwaite, and M. T. Maher. "Waterbird abundance in eastern Australia, 1983 - 92." Wildlife Research 26, no. 3 (1999): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr96062.

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We examined the relationships between abundance of 16 species of waterbirds and the rainfall in eastern Australia, the rainfall west of this region, the annual Southern Oscillation index (SOI), the wetland area, and hunting in eastern Australia for the period 1983–92. Data were collected during aerial surveys of eastern Australia. For most explanatory variables, lags of up to five years before aerial surveys were also investigated during these analyses. The analyses covered all nine game species (plumed whistling-duck, Australian shelduck, Australian wood duck, pink-eared duck, grey teal, chestnut teal, Pacific black duck, Australasian shoveler, hardhead) and seven non-game species (Australian pelican, white-faced heron, yellow-billed spoonbill, freckled duck, black swan, black-winged stilt, red-necked avocet). Regression models were developed for all species apart from Australian pelicans. Rainfall and climate indices generally were most correlated with the species’ abundance. Bonferroni adjustments to significance levels meant that there were significant variables in regression models for seven of the 16 species. Abundance indices for plumed whistling-duck, chestnut teal, hardhead, black swan and black-winged stilt were related to the climate variables (rainfall, SOI) and wetland area, whereas abundance of pink-eared duck and red-necked avocets were negatively related. Abundance of chestnut teal was positively related to numbers of hunting licences sold. The results are equivocal about the role of hunting in determining waterfowl abundance, which is probably a reflection of few data points and numbers of variables included. In general, abundance indices of waterbirds appear to have decreased between 1983 and 1992, which may correspond to other factors not modelled

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Basaula, Rajendra, Hari Prasad Sharma, Jerrold L. Belant, and Kumar Sapkota. "Invasive Water Hyacinth Limits Globally Threatened Waterbird Abundance and Diversity at Lake Cluster of Pokhara Valley, Nepal." Sustainability 13, no. 24 (December 11, 2021): 13700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132413700.

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Invasive species alter ecosystem structure and functioning, including impacts on native species, habitat alteration, and nutrient cycling. Among the 27 invasive plant species in Nepal, water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) distribution is rapidly increasing in Lake Cluster of Pokhara Valley (LCPV) in the last several decades. We studied the effects of water hyacinth on threatened waterbird abundance, diversity, and physico-chemical parameters of water in the LCPV. We found areas with water hyacinth present (HP) had reduced threatened water bird abundance relative to areas where water hyacinth was absent (HA; p = 0.023). The occurrence of birds according to feeding guilds also varied between water hyacinth presence and absence habitats. Piscivorous birds were more abundant in HA areas than HP areas whereas insectivorous and omnivorous birds had greater abundance in HP areas than in HA areas. Threatened waterbird abundance and richness were greater in areas with greater water depth and overall bird abundance but declined in HP areas. Degraded water quality was also identified in HP areas. Our findings can be used as a baseline by lake managers and policy makers to develop strategies to remove or manage water hyacinth in LCPV to improve waterbird conservation.

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Briggs, S. V., and S. A. Thornton. "Management of water regimes in River Red GumEucalyptus camaldulensiswetlands for waterbird breeding." Australian Zoologist 31, no. 1 (June 1999): 187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/az.1999.019.

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Wang, Cheng, Gang Wang, Lingjun Dai, Hongyu Liu, Yufeng Li, Yi Zhou, Hao Chen, Bin Dong, Shicheng Lv, and Yongqiang Zhao. "Diverse usage of waterbird habitats and spatial management in Yancheng coastal wetlands." Ecological Indicators 117 (October 2020): 106583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106583.

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Breininger, David R., and Rebecca B. Smith. "Waterbird use of coastal impoundments and management implications in east-central Florida." Wetlands 10, no. 2 (December 1990): 223–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03160834.

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Kingsford, Richard T., and Kristin M. Auld. "Waterbird breeding and environmental flow management in the Macquarie Marshes, arid Australia." River Research and Applications 21, no. 2-3 (2005): 187–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.840.

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Chatterjee, Asitava, Shuvadip Adhikari, Sudin Pal, and Subhra Kumar Mukhopadhyay. "Community Structure of Migratory Waterbirds at Two Important Wintering Sites in a Sub-Himalayan Forest Tract in West Bengal, India." Ring 42, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 15–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ring-2020-0002.

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Abstract The waterbird community structures of two sub-Himalayan wetlands (Nararthali and Rasomati) situated in forested areas were compared during the wintering period. These wetlands had similar geophysical features but were subject to different conservation efforts. Sixty species of waterbirds, including four globally threatened species, were recorded during the study. Nararthali was found to be more densely inhabited (116.05±22.69 ind./ha) by birds than Rasomati (76.55±26.47 ind./ha). Density increased by 44.6% at Nararthali and by 59% at Rasomati over the years of the study, from 2008 to 2015. Winter visitors increased considerably at Nararthali (66.2%), while a 71.1% decrease at Rasomati clearly indicated degradation of habitat quality at that site during the later years. Luxuriant growth of Eichhornia crassipes, siltation, poor maintenance and unregulated tourist activities were the key factors leading to the rapid degradation of Rasomati. Nararthali, on the other hand, a well-managed wetland habitat, showed an increasing trend in bird densities. Therefore, poor habitat management and rapid habitat alterations were observed to be the main reasons for depletion of bird density in the wetlands of eastern sub-Himalayan forest regions.

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NOURANI, ELHAM, MOHAMMAD KABOLI, and BEN COLLEN. "An assessment of threats to Anatidae in Iran." Bird Conservation International 25, no. 2 (August 26, 2014): 242–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270914000264.

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SummaryThe network of wetland systems in Iran provides valuable staging and wintering areas for waterbirds in the African-Western Eurasian flyways. The West Siberian/Caspian/Nile populations of Anatidae (ducks, geese and swans) regularly overwinter and stop over in Iran, and are considered an economically and culturally important group of birds in the country. Conservation of such migratory birds requires the identification of key threat factors impacting them throughout the flyway. Since documented data on the status and threats facing Anatidae in Iran are very scarce, in this paper, we attempted to determine the general population trends for the 26 Anatidae species in Iran, using annual waterbird census data, and to identify and score the most important threat factors affecting each species, by consulting the top ornithologists and professional birdwatchers in the country by means of a survey. Our results indicate that the most prevalent threats affecting all 26 species are dam construction, water management practices, and hunting. Our results provide the necessary material for Red List assessment of these species at the national level, an important tool for conservation priority setting within Iran and in the flyway.

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Karteris, Michael A., and Myrto Pyrovetsi. "Land Cover/Use Analysis of Prespa National Park, Greece." Environmental Conservation 13, no. 4 (1986): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900035360.

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Prespa National Park in Greece is an important breeding-area for rare and endangered waterbird species, but people living within the Park and using its resources create serious conservation problems. An environmental management plan which will regulate mainly the human activities within the Park is therefore necessary. Such a plan should be based on a land cover/use analysis of the area, for which much of the necessary information, in the form of a thematic map, has been collected by interpreting blackand-white aerial photographs. The procedure involved the development of a classification system, transferring the interpreted data onto a base-map, field-checking the results, and tabulating the area measurements with the pertinent errors.Of the total Park area (25,690 ha), 66.5% is classified as terrestrial (forestland, rangeland, agricultural land whether irrigated, non-irrigated, or abandoned, wet meadows/marshland, barren and eroded land, and urban areas), and the remainder as aquatic (water, reedbeds). The most extensive category in the Park is forestland, much of which is seriously degraded. Rangeland provides forage for sheep and goats, being also degraded owing to uncontrolled grazing. Wet meadows/marshland are invaluable as waterbird breeding and feeding habitats, but the present use of this category as grazing fields, and its proximity to agricultural land and to the existing irrigation/drainage system, have all had negative impacts on the resource. Irrigated land is almost half of the cultivated area.The abandoned agricultural land is interspersed within the forestland and is a result of the human population decline in the area, while barren and eroded land has resulted from prolonged land misuse. Twelve old villages are distributed over the Park, being visually unobtrusive. Lake Mikri Prespa is the main water-body and covers almost the entire nucleus of the Park. Extensive reedbeds are found along the lakeshores, which are the main breeding habitats of certain waterbirds. As land cover/use analysis of the Park has shown much serious environmental degradation, conservation measures should be undertaken urgently.

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Houston, Wayne, Robert Black, Rod Elder, Leif Black, and Richard Segal. "Conservation value of solar salt ponds in coastal tropical eastern Australia to waterbirds and migratory shorebirds." Pacific Conservation Biology 18, no. 2 (2012): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc120100.

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Some human-altered habitats such as saltfields support significant numbers of shorebirds and waterbirds, but their values in tropical eastern Australia are poorly understood. With the continuing loss of shorebird habitats in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway, identification of important habitats and management is important for their conservation. The habitat value of two saltfields associated with the Fitzroy River estuary, Queensland (23.520S, 150.860E) was evaluated by monthly surveys over 33 months and by comparison to previous surveys of nearby natural wetlands. Saltfields supported as many waterbirds and species as freshwater and naturally saline lagoons. Numbers of migratory shorebirds peaked during the southern migration period (September to November), when wetlands in tropical northern Australia are at their lowest extent, thus elevating the conservation value of tropical saltfields to shorebirds. Sharp-tailed Sandpipers were regularly present in numbers exceeding international levels for staging, while Red-necked Stints were just below the staging criterion. Salinity regime was found to influence waterbird communities associated with saltfield pools: piscivores dominating metasaline pools, and shorebirds hypersaline pools. A seasonal pattern of occurrence occurred in some guilds with greatest numbers in the drier months (cormorants, pelicans, ducks and egrets, all significantly negatively correlated with the previous month’s rainfall), most of which bred in nearby natural wetlands during the wet season. Furthermore, cormorants were abundant in the saltfields and fluctuated less compared with natural lagoons during the critical drier months. Overall, saltfields are an integral component of the ecology of the landscape, providing complementary resources to that of the natural wetlands.

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Mills, Tamara K., and Brad A. Andres. "Changes in Loon (Gavia spp.) and Red-necked Grebe (Podiceps grisegena) Populations in the Lower Matanuska-Susitna Valley, Alaska." Canadian Field-Naturalist 118, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v118i2.915.

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More than two-thirds of the human population of Alaska resides in the south-central portion of the state, where its continued growth is likely to affect some wildlife populations negatively. To assess changes in waterbird populations in this region, we compared counts of Common Loons (Gavia immer), Pacific Loons (G. pacifica), and Red-necked Grebes (Podiceps grisegena) made on Matanuska-Susitina Valley lakes. In general, the number of lakes occupied by loon or grebe pairs decreased between 1987 and 1999. Decreases in the number of lakes occupied by Common Loons were less drastic in the northwest region of the study area than in the southeast region; human development is greater in the southeastern portion of our study area. Contrary to lake occupancy, the percentage of lakes that fledged Common Loon chicks remained stable between years. Because the human population is expected to continue to grow, proactive management of lake use and lakeshore development, coupled with monitoring of loon and grebe occupancy and productivity, is needed to ensure the persistence of these waterbird populations in the lower Matanuska-Susitna Valley.

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KAMINSKI, MATTHEW R., GUY A. BALDASSARRE, and AARON T. PEARSE. "Waterbird Responses to Hydrological Management of Wetlands Reserve Program Habitats in New York." Wildlife Society Bulletin 34, no. 4 (November 2006): 921–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[921:wrthmo]2.0.co;2.

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LOURENÇO, PEDRO M., and THEUNIS PIERSMA. "Waterbird densities in South European rice fields as a function of rice management." Ibis 151, no. 1 (January 2009): 196–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.2008.00881.x.

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Taft, Oriane W., Mark A. Colwell, Craig R. Isola, and Rebecca J. Safran. "Waterbird responses to experimental drawdown: implications for the multispecies management of wetland mosaics." Journal of Applied Ecology 39, no. 6 (December 12, 2002): 987–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2664.2002.00763.x.

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Erwin, R. Michael, David H. Allen, and David Jenkins. "Created versus natural coastal islands: Atlantic waterbird populations, habitat choices, and management implications." Estuaries 26, no. 4 (August 2003): 949–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02803353.

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ZHANG, Yue, Zongming WANG, Chunying REN, Hao YU, Zhangyu DONG, Chunyan LU, and Dehua MAO. "CHANGES IN HABITAT SUITABILITY FOR WATERBIRDS OF THE MOMOGE NATURE RESERVE OF CHINA DURING 1990–2014." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 25, no. 4 (December 21, 2017): 367–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2017.1316982.

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There is increasing empirical evidence that changes in habitat quality play an important role in determining species distributions and biodiversity. However, most research has focused on habitat quality, and we still lack approaches for tracking habitat quality dynamics. In this paper, by establishing qualitative and quantitative relationships between waterbird populations and key habitat indicators such as water abundance, food, shelter conditions and disturbance, we developed an object-oriented classification method, in conjunction with a geographic information systems (GIS) based centroid moving method, to assess habitat suitability dynamics for waterbirds at the Momoge Nature Reserve, China. Our results showed that habitat suitability improved during 1990–2000 and declined during 2000– 2014. Habitats with very good and good grades increased by 71.47 km2 (4.88%) during 1990–2000 and decreased by 200.66 km2 (13.78%) during 2000–2014. The habitat area with a good grade moved to the north, while the habitat area with a poor grade moved to the south during 1990–2014. This was mainly because the surrounding cropland area increased and shifted as oil and gas projects developed. These findings suggest that our object-oriented classification and centroid moving methods have great potential for use in biodiversity conservation and ecosystem management.

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Harper, MJ. "Waterbird Dynamics at Bool Lagoon, South-Australia, 1983-87." Wildlife Research 17, no. 2 (1990): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9900113.

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Aagaard, Kevin, James E. Lyons, and Wayne E. Thogmartin. "Accounting for Surveyor Effort in Large-Scale Monitoring Programs." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 9, no. 2 (August 14, 2018): 459–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/022018-jfwm-012.

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AbstractAccounting for errors in wildlife surveys is necessary for reliable status assessments and quantification of uncertainty in estimates of population size. We apply a hierarchical log-linear Poisson regression model that accounts for multiple sources of variability in count data collected for the Integrated Waterbird Management and Monitoring Program during 2010–2014. In some large-scale monitoring programs (e.g., Christmas Bird Count) there are diminishing returns in numbers counted as survey effort increases; therefore, we also explore the need to account for variable survey duration as a proxy for effort. In general, we found a high degree of concordance between counts and effort-adjusted estimates of relative abundance from the Integrated Waterbird Management and Monitoring Program (x̄difference = 0.02%; 0.25% SD). We suggest that the model-based adjustments were small because there is only a weak asymptotic relationship with effort and count. Whereas effort adjustments are reasonable and effective when applied to count data from plots of standardized area, such adjustments may not be necessary when the area of sample units is not standardized and surveyor effort increases with number of birds present. That is, large units require more effort only when there are many birds present. The general framework we implemented to evaluate effects of varying survey effort applies to a wide variety of wildlife monitoring efforts.

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Roberts, Anthony J., Patrick K. Devers, Scott Knoche, Paul I. Padding, and Robert Raftovich. "Site preferences and participation of waterbird recreationists: Using choice modelling to inform habitat management." Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism 20 (December 2017): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2017.10.001.

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McFadden, Tyler N., Alejandro G. Herrera, and Juan G. Navedo. "Waterbird responses to regular passage of a birdwatching tour boat: Implications for wetland management." Journal for Nature Conservation 40 (December 2017): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2017.09.004.

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Strum, Khara M., Matthew E. Reiter, C. Alex Hartman, Monica N. Iglecia, T. Rodd Kelsey, and Catherine M. Hickey. "Winter management of California's rice fields to maximize waterbird habitat and minimize water use." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 179 (October 2013): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2013.08.003.

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Tavares, Davi Castro, Demétrio Luis Guadagnin, Jailson Fulgencio de Moura, Salvatore Siciliano, and Agostino Merico. "Environmental and anthropogenic factors structuring waterbird habitats of tropical coastal lagoons: Implications for management." Biological Conservation 186 (June 2015): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2015.02.027.

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Sesser, Kristin A., Matthew E. Reiter, Daniel A. Skalos, Khara M. Strum, and Catherine M. Hickey. "Waterbird response to management practices in rice fields intended to reduce greenhouse gas emissions." Biological Conservation 197 (May 2016): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2016.02.021.

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Erwin, R. Michael, Deanna K. Dawson, Daniel B. Stotts, Lynne S. McAllister, and Paul H. Geissler. "Open marsh water management in the mid-atlantic region: Aerial surveys of waterbird use." Wetlands 11, no. 2 (December 1991): 209–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03160850.

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Elafri, Ali, Mouhamed Belhamra, and Moussa Houhamdi. "Comparing habitat preferences of a set of waterbird species wintering in coastal wetlands of North Africa: implication for management." Ekológia (Bratislava) 36, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 158–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eko-2017-0014.

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Abstract Every year, the Coastal wetlands of North Africa support an important wintering waterbird population of many Palearctic and sub-Saharan species of various contrasting habitat requirements. In this study, we describe the habitat use by24 water-obligate species wintering in a coastal wetland of the Northeastern Algeria (the wetland of Lake Tonga), highlighting thereby the ecological mechanisms that support their coexistence and their resources partitioning. The analysis of resource exploitation (Relative frequency, Feinsinger niche breadth, Pianka niche overlap and Ivlev’s electivity indexes) showed that waterbird species inhabiting the lake wetland have several similarities in using the different habitat categories, which lead us to cluster them into 5 guilds (G1: one rails, two grebes and eight ducks; G2: five wading species and one gull; G3: three herons; G4: cormorants, mallards, and on gull; finally, G5: only one species Cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis).Almost all the species were specialists in resource utilization patterns (narrow niche breadths, both under 0.3) and therefore, vulnerable to fluctuations in resources, particularly the feeding habitats. Mean niche overlaps for all the pairs of species ranged from 0.05 to 0.68. The overall pattern in the community was higher niche overlaps between the species of a particular guild than those between other species. According to Ivlev’s electivity index, we found that only three microhabitats from seven were the most important for the discussed species, open water body was the most attractive, followed by meadows, muddy areas and floating- leafed vegetation. Similarities on habitat requirements derived from our region can provide important and optimal wetland management at multi-species assemblage level for this wetland and similar area around the African coast.

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Yong, Ding Li, Jing Ying Kee, Pyae Phyo Aung, Anuj Jain, Chin-Aik Yeap, Nyat Jun Au, Ayuwat Jearwattanakanok, et al. "Conserving migratory waterbirds and the coastal zone: the future of South-east Asia's intertidal wetlands." Oryx 56, no. 2 (October 21, 2021): 176–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605320001374.

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AbstractSouth-east Asia's diverse coastal wetlands, which span natural mudflats and mangroves to man-made salt pans, offer critical habitat for many migratory waterbird species in the East Asian–Australasian Flyway. Species dependent on these wetlands include nearly the entire population of the Critically Endangered spoon-billed sandpiper Calidris pygmaea and the Endangered spotted greenshank Tringa guttifer, and significant populations of several other globally threatened and declining species. Presently, more than 50 coastal Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs) in the region (7.4% of all South-east Asian IBAs) support at least one threatened migratory species. However, recent studies continue to reveal major knowledge gaps on the distribution of migratory waterbirds and important wetland sites along South-east Asia's vast coastline, including undiscovered and potential IBAs. Alongside this, there are critical gaps in the representation of coastal wetlands across the protected area networks of many countries in this region (e.g. Viet Nam, Indonesia, Malaysia), hindering effective conservation. Although a better understanding of the value of coastal wetlands to people and their importance to migratory species is necessary, governments and other stakeholders need to do more to strengthen the conservation of these ecosystems by improving protected area coverage, habitat restoration, and coastal governance and management. This must be underpinned by the judicious use of evidence-based approaches, including satellite-tracking of migratory birds, ecological research and ground surveys.

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Andrade, Riley, Heather L. Bateman, Janet Franklin, and Daniel Allen. "Waterbird community composition, abundance, and diversity along an urban gradient." Landscape and Urban Planning 170 (February 2018): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2017.11.003.

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van Rees, Charles B., Paul R. Chang, Jillian Cosgrove, David W. DesRochers, Hugo K. W. Gee, Jennifer L. Gutscher-Chutz, Aaron Nadig, et al. "Estimation of Vital Rates for the Hawaiian Gallinule, a Cryptic, Endangered Waterbird." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 9, no. 1 (February 8, 2018): 117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/102017-jfwm-084.

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Abstract Vital rates describe the demographic traits of organisms and are an essential resource for wildlife managers to assess local resource conditions and to set objectives for and evaluate management actions. Endangered waterbirds on the Hawaiian Islands have been managed intensively at state and federal refuges since the 1970s, but with little quantitative research on their life history. Information on the vital rates of these taxa is needed to assess the efficacy of different management strategies and to target parts of the life cycle that may be limiting their recovery. Here, we present the most comprehensive data to date on the vital rates (reproduction and survival) of the Hawaiian gallinule Gallinula galeata sandvicensis, a behaviorally cryptic, endangered subspecies of wetland bird endemic to the Hawaiian Islands that is now found only on Kaua‘i and O‘ahu. We review unpublished reproduction data for 252 nests observed between 1979 and 2014 and assess a database of 1,620 sightings of 423 individually color-banded birds between 2004 and 2017. From the resighting data, we estimated annual apparent survival at two managed wetlands on O‘ahu using Cormack–Jolly–Seber models in program MARK. We found that Hawaiian gallinules have smaller mean clutch sizes than do other species in the genus Gallinula and that clutch sizes on Kaua‘i are larger than those on O‘ahu. The longest-lived bird in our dataset was recovered dead at age 7 y and 8 mo, and the youngest confirmed age at first breeding was 1 y and 11 mo. In 4 y of monitoring 14 wetland sites, we confirmed three interwetland movements on O‘ahu. In our pooled dataset, we found no statistically significant differences between managed and unmanaged wetlands in clutch size or reproductive success, but we acknowledge that there were limited data from unmanaged wetlands. Our best supported survival models estimated an overall annual apparent survival of 0.663 (95% CI = 0.572–0.759); detection varied across wetlands and study years. First-year survival is a key missing component in our understanding of the demography of Hawaiian gallinules. These data provide the foundation for quantitative management and assessment of extinction risk of this endangered subspecies.

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Yallop, M. L., M. J. O’Connell, and R. Bullock. "Waterbird herbivory on a newly created wetland complex: potential implications for site management and habitat creation." Wetlands Ecology and Management 12, no. 5 (October 2004): 395–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11273-004-7915-9.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Waterbird management'

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