Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Water vapour / Journal articles

Journal articles on the topic 'Water vapour'

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Water vapour.

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 22 June 2024

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Water vapour.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Martin, Lorenz, Christian Mätzler, Tim J. Hewison, and Dominique Ruffieux. "Intercomparison of integrated water vapour measurements." Meteorologische Zeitschrift 15, no. 1 (February 27, 2006): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0098.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Curtis, Richard H. "Water-vapour." Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 30, no. 131 (August 17, 2007): 193–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.49703013102.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Wang, Wen Yi, Kwok Tung Hui, Chi Wai Kan, Maturod Viengsima, Nittaya Wansopa, Kamol Promlawan, Wirat Wongphakdee, and Rattanaphol Mongkholrattanasit. "Examining the Water Vapour Transmission of Socks." Key Engineering Materials 831 (February 2020): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.831.159.

Full text

Abstract:

The present study investigated effects of fabric parameters on the water vapor transmission of socks fabric, which was measured by the cup method. It was found that the water vapor transmission of fabric was negatively proportional to the content of cotton and yarn count, before washing. Meanwhile, washing was found to increase the water vapour transmission.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Heffernan, Olive. "Water vapour warming." Nature Climate Change 1, no. 812 (November 27, 2008): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/climate.2008.129.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Heffernan, Olive. "Water vapour warming." Nature Climate Change 1, no. 1003 (February 11, 2010): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/climate.2010.12.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Soden, Brian J. "Enlightening water vapour." Nature 406, no. 6793 (July 2000): 247–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35018666.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Schneider, M., P. M. Romero, F. Hase, T. Blumenstock, E. Cuevas, and R. Ramos. "Quality assessment of Izaña's upper-air water vapour measurement techniques: FTIR, Cimel, MFRSR, GPS, and Vaisala RS92." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 2, no. 4 (July 13, 2009): 1625–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-2-1625-2009.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. At the Izaña Atmospheric Research Centre water vapour amounts are measured routinely by different techniques since many years. We intercompare the total precipitable water vapour amounts measured between 2005 and 2009 by a Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, a Multifilter rotating shadow-band radiometer (MFRSR), a Cimel sunphotometer, a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver, and daily radiosondes (Vaisala RS92). In addition we intercompare the water vapor profiles measured by the FTIR and the radiosondes. The long-term intercomparison assures that our study well represents the large water vapour variabilities that occur in the troposphere and allows a reliable empirical quality assessment for the different water vapour dataset. We examine how the data quality of the different techniques depends on atmospheric conditions and estimate the dry bias of the techniques which are restricted to clear sky observations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Xia, P., C. Cai, and Z. Liu. "GNSS troposphere tomography based on two-step reconstructions using GPS observations and COSMIC profiles." Annales Geophysicae 31, no. 10 (October 24, 2013): 1805–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-1805-2013.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Traditionally, balloon-based radiosonde soundings are used to study the spatial distribution of atmospheric water vapour. However, this approach cannot be frequently employed due to its high cost. In contrast, GPS tomography technique can obtain water vapour in a high temporal resolution. In the tomography technique, an iterative or non-iterative reconstruction algorithm is usually utilised to overcome rank deficiency of observation equations for water vapour inversion. However, the single iterative or non-iterative reconstruction algorithm has their limitations. For instance, the iterative reconstruction algorithm requires accurate initial values of water vapour while the non-iterative reconstruction algorithm needs proper constraint conditions. To overcome these drawbacks, we present a combined iterative and non-iterative reconstruction approach for the three-dimensional (3-D) water vapour inversion using GPS observations and COSMIC profiles. In this approach, the non-iterative reconstruction algorithm is first used to estimate water vapour density based on a priori water vapour information derived from COSMIC radio occultation data. The estimates are then employed as initial values in the iterative reconstruction algorithm. The largest advantage of this approach is that precise initial values of water vapour density that are essential in the iterative reconstruction algorithm can be obtained. This combined reconstruction algorithm (CRA) is evaluated using 10-day GPS observations in Hong Kong and COSMIC profiles. The test results indicate that the water vapor accuracy from CRA is 16 and 14% higher than that of iterative and non-iterative reconstruction approaches, respectively. In addition, the tomography results obtained from the CRA are further validated using radiosonde data. Results indicate that water vapour densities derived from the CRA agree with radiosonde results very well at altitudes above 2.5 km. The average RMS value of their differences above 2.5 km is 0.44 g m−3.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Zhao, Qingzhi, Yibin Yao, and Wanqiang Yao. "Troposphere Water Vapour Tomography: A Horizontal Parameterised Approach." Remote Sensing 10, no. 8 (August 7, 2018): 1241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10081241.

Full text

Abstract:

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) troposphere tomography has become one of the most cost-effective means to obtain three-dimensional (3-d) image of the tropospheric water vapour field. Traditional methods divide the tomography area into a number of 3-d voxels and assume that the water vapour density at any voxel is a constant during the given period. However, such behaviour breaks the spatial continuity of water vapour density in a horizontal direction and the number of unknown parameters needing to be estimated is very large. This is the focus of the paper, which tries to reconstruct the water vapor field using the tomographic technique without imposing empirical horizontal and vertical constraints. The proposed approach introduces the layered functional model in each layer vertically and only an a priori constraint is imposed for the water vapor information at the location of the radiosonde station. The elevation angle mask of 30° is determined according to the distribution of intersections between the satellite rays and different layers, which avoids the impact of ray bending and the error in slant water vapor (SWV) at low elevation angles on the tomographic result. Additionally, an optimal weighting strategy is applied to the established tomographic model to obtain a reasonable result. The tomographic experiment is performed using Global Positioning System (GPS) data of 12 receivers derived from the Satellite Positioning Reference Station Network (SatRef) in Hong Kong. The quality of the established tomographic model is validated under different weather conditions and compared with the conventional tomography method using 31-day data, respectively. The numerical result shows that the proposed method is applicable and superior to the traditional one. Comparisons of integrated water vapour (IWV) of the proposed method with that derived from radiosonde and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA-Interim data show that the root mean square (RMS)/Bias of their differences are 3.2/−0.8 mm and 3.3/−1.7 mm, respectively, while the values of traditional method are 5.1/−3.9 mm and 6.3/−5.9 mm, respectively. Furthermore, the water vapour density profiles are also compared with radiosonde and ECMWF data, and the values of RMS/Bias error for the proposed method are 0.88/0.06 g/m3 and 0.92/−0.08 g/m3, respectively, while the values of the traditional method are 1.33/0.38 g/m3 and 1.59/0.40 g/m3, respectively.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Wahlgren, Roland. "Atmospheric water vapour processing." Waterlines 12, no. 2 (October 1993): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/0262-8104.1993.039.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Jones, R. L., and J. F. B. Mitchell. "Is water vapour understood?" Nature 353, no. 6341 (September 1991): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/353210a0.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Cess, Robert D. "Gauging water-vapour feedback." Nature 342, no. 6251 (December 1989): 736–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/342736a0.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Langenbrunner, Baird. "Long live water vapour." Nature Climate Change 9, no. 12 (November 26, 2019): 906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-019-0653-z.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Ntsondwa, Sindisiwe, Velaphi Msomi, and Moses Basitere. "The Mechanism of Adsorbents Adsorption Affinity in Relation to Geometric Parameters." Key Engineering Materials 924 (June 30, 2022): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-j52rwy.

Full text

Abstract:

In the process of incorporating adsorption with thermal desalination, adsorbents are important because they increase the water vapour uptake rate, and this would yield more desalinated water over a short period. Therefore, they are important and the key parameters in the selection of adsorbent for an adsorption desalination (AD) cycle are thermo-physical properties, surface characteristics and water vapor uptake capacity. The best adsorbent is used as the adsorbent-refrigerant pair and is driven at 50 oC to 85 oC by low-temperature heat sources. When the unsaturated adsorbent is exposed to vapour in the evaporator, the uptake of vapor is accelerated by the high affinity of the water molecules to the silica gel pores. Likewise, when the same adsorbent is heated thermally, the water vapor molecules are removed or desorbed from the adsorbent pores to the cooler surfaces of the condenser tubes, producing high-grade water during the phase. Key words: Desalination; Porosity; Adsorption isotherm; Geometric parameters. Sorption Phenomenon

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Adámek, Karel, Antonin Havelka, Zdenek Kůs, and Adnan Mazari. "Correlation of Air Permeability to Other Breathability Parameters of Textiles." Polymers 14, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14010140.

Full text

Abstract:

In the field of textile comfort of smart textiles, the breathability of the material is very important. That includes the flow of air, water and water vapours through the textile material. All these experiments are time consuming and costly; only air permeability is much faster and economical. The research is performed to find correlation between these phenomena of breathability and to predict the permeability based on only the air permeability measurement. Furthermore, it introduces a new way of expressing the Ret (water vapour resistance) unit according to SI standards as it is connected with the air permeability of garments. The need to find a correlation between air permeability and water vapour permeability is emphasised in order to facilitate the assessment of clothing comfort. The results show that there is a strong relation between air permeability and water vapour permeability for most of the textile material.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Schröder, Marc, Maarit Lockhoff, Frank Fell, John Forsythe, Tim Trent, Ralf Bennartz, Eva Borbas, et al. "The GEWEX Water Vapor Assessment archive of water vapour products from satellite observations and reanalyses." Earth System Science Data 10, no. 2 (June 15, 2018): 1093–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1093-2018.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. The Global Energy and Water cycle Exchanges (GEWEX) Data and Assessments Panel (GDAP) initiated the GEWEX Water Vapor Assessment (G-VAP), which has the main objectives to quantify the current state of the art in water vapour products being constructed for climate applications and to support the selection process of suitable water vapour products by GDAP for its production of globally consistent water and energy cycle products. During the construction of the G-VAP data archive, freely available and mature satellite and reanalysis data records with a minimum temporal coverage of 10 years were considered. The archive contains total column water vapour (TCWV) as well as specific humidity and temperature at four pressure levels (1000, 700, 500, 300 hPa) from 22 different data records. All data records were remapped to a regular longitude–latitude grid of 2∘ × 2∘. The archive consists of four different folders: 22 TCWV data records covering the period 2003–2008, 11 TCWV data records covering the period 1988–2008, as well as 7 specific humidity and 7 temperature data records covering the period 1988–2009. The G-VAP data archive is referenced under the following digital object identifier (doi): https://doi.org/10.5676/EUM_SAF_CM/GVAP/V001. Within G-VAP, the characterization of water vapour products is, among other ways, achieved through intercomparisons of the considered data records, as a whole and grouped into three classes of predominant retrieval condition: clear-sky, cloudy-sky and all-sky. Associated results are shown using the 22 TCWV data records. The standard deviations among the 22 TCWV data records have been analysed and exhibit distinct maxima over central Africa and the tropical warm pool (in absolute terms) as well as over the poles and mountain regions (in relative terms). The variability in TCWV within each class can be large and prohibits conclusions about systematic differences in TCWV between the classes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Erasmus, M. E., and M. F. Jonkman. "Water vapour permeance: a meaningful measure for water vapour permeability of wound coverings." Burns 15, no. 6 (December 1989): 371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-4179(89)90101-0.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

A. Al-Hemiri, Adil, and Mohammed D. Selman. "ESTIMATION OF MASS TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS IN A PACKED DISTILLATION COLUMN USING BATCH MODE." Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 12, no. 1 (March 30, 2011): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31699/ijcpe.2011.1.2.

Full text

Abstract:

This research adopts the estimation of mass transfer coefficient in batch packed bed distillation column as function of physical properties, liquid to vapour molar rates ratio (L / V), relative volatility (α), ratio of vapour and liquid diffusivities (DV / DL), ratio of vapour and liquid densities (ρV / ρL), ratio of vapour and liquid viscosities (μV/ μL).The experiments are done using binary systems, (Ethanol Water), (Methanol Water), (Methanol Ethanol), (Benzene Hexane), (Benzene Toluene). Statistical program (multiple regression analysis) is used for estimating the overall mass transfer coefficient of vapour and liquid phases (KOV and KOL) in a correlation which represented the data fairly well. KOV = 3.3 * 10-10 α-0.7 (DV / DL) 0.65 (L / V) 3.5 (ρV / ρL) 1.25 (μV / μL) -5.0 KOL = 2.8 * 10-6 α-0.95 (DV / DL) 0.03 (L / V) 1.15 (ρV / ρL )0.077 (μV / μL) -0.9 In this research a method where the resistances to mass transfer in both phases are accounted for separately through the use of HTU-NTU model for each phase Z=HTUOV.NTUOV and Z=HTUOL.NTUOL Results show that both overall vapour and liquid mass transfer coefficient are increased with liquid to vapour molar rates ratio, vapour to liquid diffusivities ratio and vapor to liquid densities ratio, but decreased with increasing the relative volatility and vapour to liquid viscosities ratio.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Wang, Yarong, and Peirong Wang. "Analysis of thermodynamic process of water vapor in boiler." E3S Web of Conferences 252 (2021): 02043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125202043.

Full text

Abstract:

In steam power plant, the working medium used for energy transformation is water vapor. The generation process of water vapor has experienced three stages: pre-heat, vaporization and superheat stage. There are five states in the process. They are sub-cooled liquid, saturated water, saturated liquid-vapour mixture, saturated vapor and superheated vapor. The thermodynamic properties of each state are usually obtained by using water vapor tables and charts. The constant pressure process of water vapor is very common in engineering application. In general, we first determine the state parameters by using charts and tables, and then make relevant calculations according to the first law of thermodynamics.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Thölix, L., L. Backman, R. Kivi, and A. Karpechko. "Variability of water vapour in the Arctic stratosphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 16 (August 17, 2015): 22013–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-22013-2015.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. This study evaluates the stratospheric water vapour distribution and variability in the Arctic. A FinROSE chemistry climate model simulation covering years 1990–2013 is compared to observations (satellite and frostpoint hygrometer soundings) and the sources of stratospheric water vapour are studied. According to observations and the simulations the water vapour concentration in the Arctic stratosphere started to increase after year 2006, but around 2011 the concentration started to decrease. Model calculations suggest that the increase in water vapour during 2006–2011 (at 56 hPa) is mostly explained by transport related processes, while the photochemically produced water vapour plays a relatively smaller role. The water vapour trend in the stratosphere may have contributed to increased ICE PSC occurrence. The increase of water vapour in the precense of the low winter temperatures in the Arctic stratosphere led to more frequent occurrence of ICE PSCs in the Arctic vortex. The polar vortex was unusually cold in early 2010 and allowed large scale formation of the polar stratospheric clouds. The cold pool in the stratosphere over the Northern polar latitudes was large and stable and a large scale persistent dehydration was observed. Polar stratospheric ice clouds and dehydration were observed at Sodankylä with accurate water vapour soundings in January and February 2010 during the LAPBIAT atmospheric sounding campaign. The observed changes in water vapour were reproduced by the model. Both the observed and simulated decrease of the water vapour in the dehydration layer was up to 1.5 ppm.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Namaoui, Houaria. "Evaluation of ERA5 reanalysis atmospheric water vapor variation in Algeria." Geodetski vestnik 66, no. 03 (2022): 403–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15292/geodetski-vestnik.2022.03.403-411.

Full text

Abstract:

In climate change context, the precipitable water vapour (PW) is key parameter of atmospheric process and dynamics and its variation is very high in space and time. It's accuracy is paramount for any geodetic or climatic study. The main objective of this study is to compute precipitable water vapour from ERA5 reanalysis for 4 stations in Algeria which have different types of climate. We opt for using integration method for different level of pressure with ERA5. The values of water vapour are also compared with radiosondes profiles. The results of this work shows good agreement with a correlation that is not less than not 0.95 and 0.70 compared as radiosondes profiles. The first results are encouraging, in particular for meteorological applications with good hope to introduce another dataset as GNSS to more understand the variation and behavior of water vapour over a long period of observation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Hicks-Jalali, Shannon, Robert J. Sica, Giovanni Martucci, Eliane Maillard Barras, Jordan Voirin, and Alexander Haefele. "A Raman lidar tropospheric water vapour climatology and height-resolved trend analysis over Payerne, Switzerland." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 16 (August 17, 2020): 9619–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-9619-2020.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Water vapour is the strongest greenhouse gas in our atmosphere, and its strength and its dependence on temperature lead to a strong feedback mechanism in both the troposphere and the stratosphere. Raman water vapour lidars can be used to make high-vertical-resolution measurements on the order of tens of metres, making height-resolved trend analyses possible. Raman water vapour lidars have not typically been used for trend analyses, primarily due to the lack of long-enough time series. However, the Raman Lidar for Meteorological Observations (RALMO), located in Payerne, Switzerland, is capable of making operational water vapour measurements and has one of the longest ground-based and well-characterized data sets available. We have calculated an 11.5-year water vapour climatology using RALMO measurements in the troposphere. Our study uses nighttime measurements during mostly clear conditions, which creates a natural selection bias. The climatology shows that the highest water vapour specific-humidity concentrations are in the summer months and the lowest in the winter months. We have also calculated the geophysical variability of water vapour. The percentage of variability of water vapour in the free troposphere is larger than in the boundary layer. We have also determined water vapour trends from 2009 to 2019. We first calculate precipitable water vapour (PWV) trends for comparison with the majority of water vapour trend studies. We detect a nighttime precipitable water vapour trend of 1.3 mm per decade using RALMO measurements, which is significant at the 90 % level. The trend is consistent with a 1.38 ∘C per decade surface temperature trend detected by coincident radiosonde measurements under the assumption that relative humidity remains constant; however, it is larger than previous water vapour trend values. We compare the nighttime RALMO PWV trend to daytime and nighttime PWV trends using operational radiosonde measurements and find them to agree with each other. We cannot detect a bias between the daytime and nighttime trends due to the large uncertainties in the trends. For the first time, we show height-resolved increases in water vapour through the troposphere. We detect positive tropospheric water vapour trends ranging from a 5 % change in specific humidity per decade to 15 % specific humidity per decade depending on the altitude. The water vapour trends at five layers are statistically significant at or above the 90 % level.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Salihin, S., T. A. Musa, and Z. Mohd Radzi. "SPATIO-TEMPORAL ESTIMATION OF INTEGRATED WATER VAPOUR OVER THE MALAYSIAN PENINSULA DURING MONSOON SEASON." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W5 (October 10, 2017): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w5-165-2017.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper provides the precise information on spatial-temporal distribution of water vapour that was retrieved from Zenith Path Delay (ZPD) which was estimated by Global Positioning System (GPS) processing over the Malaysian Peninsular. A time series analysis of these ZPD and Integrated Water Vapor (IWV) values was done to capture the characteristic on their seasonal variation during monsoon seasons. This study was found that the pattern and distribution of atmospheric water vapour over Malaysian Peninsular in whole four years periods were influenced by two inter-monsoon and two monsoon seasons which are First Inter-monsoon, Second Inter-monsoon, Southwest monsoon and Northeast monsoon.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Rumyaan, Maria, Febby J. Polnaya, and Helen C. D. Tuhumury. "Characteristics of Edible Film Made from Bitter Cassava Starch with Glycerol." AGRITEKNO: Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian 11, no. 2 (October 31, 2022): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/jagritekno.2022.11.2.102.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to see how different glycerol concentrations affected the physical, mechanical, and barrier properties of an edible tapioca starch film. This study explored glycerol concentration using a completely randomized experimental design with four treatment levels, particularly regarding 10, 15, 20, and 25% (w/w). The tensile strength, elongation, solubility, and water vapor transmission rate of the films were all measured. Tensile strength has been 7.71 to 15.94 MPa, elongation was 13.33 to 20.00%, solubility was 15.81 to 24.81%, and water vapour transmission rate was 39.72 to 70.65 g/m2.h. Glycerol increased tensile strength whereas the decreasing elongation, solubility, and water vapour transmission rate.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Schieferdecker, T., S. Lossow, G. P. Stiller, and T. von Clarmann. "A solar signal in lower stratospheric water vapour?" Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 8 (April 24, 2015): 12353–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-12353-2015.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. A merged time series of stratospheric water vapour built from HALOE and MIPAS data between 60° S and 60° N and 15 to 30 km and covering the years 1992 to 2012 was analyzed by multivariate linear regression including an 11 year solar cycle proxy. Lower stratospheric water vapour was found to reveal a phase-shifted anti-correlation with the solar cycle, with lowest water vapour after solar maximum. The phase shift is composed of an inherent constant time lag of about 2 years and a second component following the stratospheric age of air. The amplitudes of the water vapour response are largest close to the tropical tropopause (up to 0.35 ppmv) and decrease with altitude and latitude. Including the solar cycle proxy in the regression results in linear trends of water vapour being negative over the full altitude/latitude range, while without the solar proxy positive water wapour trends in the lowermost stratosphere were found. We conclude from these results that a solar signal generated at the tropical tropopause is imprinted on the stratospheric water vapour abundances and transported to higher altitudes and latitudes via the Brewer–Dobson circulation. Hence it is concluded that the tropical tropopause temperature at the final dehydration point of air is also governed to some degree by the solar cycle. The negative water vapour trends obtained when considering the solar cycle impact on water vapour abundances can solve the water vapour conundrum of increasing stratospheric water vapour abundances at constant or even decreasing tropopause temperatures.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Khan, Nooman, Sarfraz Khan, Qais Khorajiya, Jamdar Sairan, and Prof M. A. Gulbarga. "Atmospheric Water Generator." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 929–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41406.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract: An Atmospheric Water Generator is a device which is extracts water vapor from the humid air. By using different dehumidification technique. the water vapor accumulated then water is then filtered and purified through several filters including carbon, and reverse osmosis, and UV sterilization lights. The result is pure drinking water from the air. an Atmospheric Water Generator Works on the same principle as a refrigerators and air conditioners i.e on the principle of vapor compression refrigeration. in atmospheric water generator air passing through evaporator coil which temperature maintain below dew point temperature of water by vapour compression refrigeration method air condenses to to dew point temperature water vapor separate from air then collected water vapor is passed through a filtration system and it is then stored in a tank. The major aim or objective of our project is to provide safe and clean drinking water to those areas which are facing water shortage problems or where water transportation through regular means is expensive (especially rural areas). Our project hopes to reduce this problem by providing an atmospheric water generator that will run via bicycle-gear arrangement or stand-alone renewable source of energy i.e either solar or wind.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Perro, C., G. Lesins, T. Duck, and M. Cadeddu. "A microwave satellite water vapour column retrieval for polar winter conditions." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 8, no. 9 (September 24, 2015): 9959–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-9959-2015.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. A new microwave satellite water vapour retrieval for use in polar winter conditions is presented. The retrieval employs a priori information and an iterative approach. It is tested using simulated and actual measurements from the Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) satellite instruments. Ground truth is provided by the G-band vapor radiometer (GVR) at Barrow, Alaska. For water vapour columns less than 6 kg m−2, comparison with the GVR gives a standard deviation of 0.39 kg m−2 and a systematic bias of 0.08 kg m−2. The errors are shown to be significantly less than for other satellite measurement systems. The errors are comparable to those from atmospheric reanalyses; however, the MHS data come at much higher horizontal resolution (< 40 km) and are shown to reveal more structure. The retrieval can be used to obtain pan-Arctic maps of water vapour columns of unprecedented quality. The retrieval may also be applied to the Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) and the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Thölix, Laura, Leif Backman, Rigel Kivi, and Alexey Yu Karpechko. "Variability of water vapour in the Arctic stratosphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 7 (April 7, 2016): 4307–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4307-2016.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. This study evaluates the stratospheric water vapour distribution and variability in the Arctic. A FinROSE chemistry transport model simulation covering the years 1990–2014 is compared to observations (satellite and frost point hygrometer soundings), and the sources of stratospheric water vapour are studied. In the simulations, the Arctic water vapour shows decadal variability with a magnitude of 0.8 ppm. Both observations and the simulations show an increase in the water vapour concentration in the Arctic stratosphere after the year 2006, but around 2012 the concentration started to decrease. Model calculations suggest that this increase in water vapour is mostly explained by transport-related processes, while the photochemically produced water vapour plays a relatively smaller role. The increase in water vapour in the presence of the low winter temperatures in the Arctic stratosphere led to more frequent occurrence of ice polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) in the Arctic vortex. We perform a case study of ice PSC formation focusing on January 2010 when the polar vortex was unusually cold and allowed large-scale formation of PSCs. At the same time a large-scale persistent dehydration was observed. Ice PSCs and dehydration observed at Sodankylä with accurate water vapour soundings in January and February 2010 during the LAPBIAT (Lapland Atmosphere–Biosphere facility) atmospheric measurement campaign were well reproduced by the model. In particular, both the observed and simulated decrease in water vapour in the dehydration layer was up to 1.5 ppm.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Schieferdecker, T., S. Lossow, G. P. Stiller, and T. von Clarmann. "Is there a solar signal in lower stratospheric water vapour?" Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 17 (September 2, 2015): 9851–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9851-2015.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. A merged time series of stratospheric water vapour built from the Halogen Occultation Instrument (HALOE) and the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) data between 60° S and 60° N and 15 to 30 km and covering the years 1992 to 2012 was analysed by multivariate linear regression, including an 11-year solar cycle proxy. Lower stratospheric water vapour was found to reveal a phase-shifted anti-correlation with the solar cycle, with lowest water vapour after solar maximum. The phase shift is composed of an inherent constant time lag of about 2 years and a second component following the stratospheric age of air. The amplitudes of the water vapour response are largest close to the tropical tropopause (up to 0.35 ppmv) and decrease with altitude and latitude. Including the solar cycle proxy in the regression results in linear trends of water vapour being negative over the full altitude/latitude range, while without the solar proxy, positive water vapour trends in the lower stratosphere were found. We conclude from these results that a solar signal seems to be generated at the tropical tropopause which is most likely imprinted on the stratospheric water vapour abundances and transported to higher altitudes and latitudes via the Brewer–Dobson circulation. Hence it is concluded that the tropical tropopause temperature at the final dehydration point of air may also be governed to some degree by the solar cycle. The negative water vapour trends obtained when considering the solar cycle impact on water vapour abundances can possibly solve the "water vapour conundrum" of increasing stratospheric water vapour abundances despite constant or even decreasing tropopause temperatures.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

GIRI, R. K., L. R. MEENA, S. S. BHANDARI, and R. C. BHATIA. "Integrated water vapour from GPS." MAUSAM 58, no. 1 (November 26, 2021): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v58i1.1139.

Full text

Abstract:

Water vapour is highly variable in space and time, and plays a large role in atmospheric processes that act over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales on global climate to micrometeorology. This paper deals with a new approach to remotely sense the water vapour based on the Global Position System (GPS). The signal propagating from GPS satellites to ground based receivers is delayed by atmospheric water vapour. The delay is parameterized in terms of time varying Zenith-Wet Delay (ZWD), which is retrieved by stochastic filtering of GPS data. With the help of surface pressure and temperature readings at the GPS receiver, the retrieved ZWD can be transformed into Integrated Water Vapour (IWV) overlying at the receiver with little additional uncertainties. In this study the Zenith Total time Delay (ZTD) data without met package is retrieved using the GAMIT (King and Bock, 1997) GPS data processing software developed by Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) for the period of January 2003 to February 2003 for two stations New Delhi and Bangalore .The IWV retrieved from GPS and its comparison with Limited Area Model (LAM) retrieved IWV shows fairly good agreement.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Banković, A., S. Dujko, R. D. White, J. P. Marler, S. J. Buckman, S. Marjanović, G. Malović, G. García, and Z. Lj Petrović. "Positron transport in water vapour." New Journal of Physics 14, no. 3 (March 2, 2012): 035003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/14/3/035003.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Seemann, Timo, Pieter Bertier, Bernhard M. Krooss, and Helge Stanjek. "Water vapour sorption on mudrocks." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 454, no. 1 (2017): 201–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp454.8.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Storey, Brian D., and Andrew J. Szeri. "Water vapour, sonoluminescence and sonochemistry." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 456, no. 1999 (July 8, 2000): 1685–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2000.0582.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Davis, G. R. "Pressure modulation of water vapour." Measurement Science and Technology 4, no. 3 (March 1, 1993): 300–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/4/3/008.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Hüttinger, Klaus J., and Roland Minges. "Water vapour gasification of carbon." Fuel 64, no. 4 (April 1985): 486–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(85)90082-1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Antunes, Antonio C. B., and Isa G. J. de Avellar. "Water vapour transmission in chocolate." International Journal of Food Science & Technology 38, no. 4 (March 26, 2003): 493–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2621.2003.00706.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Zhang, Chidong, Brian E. Mapes, and Brian J. Soden. "Bimodality in tropical water vapour." Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 129, no. 594 (October 2003): 2847–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1256/qj.02.166.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Balköse, D., B. Alp, and S. Ülkü. "Water vapour adsorption on DNA." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 94, no. 3 (December 2008): 695–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-008-9356-9.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Švábová, Martina, Zuzana Weishauptová, and Oldřich Přibyl. "Water vapour adsorption on coal." Fuel 90, no. 5 (May 2011): 1892–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2011.01.005.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Vassileva, P., L. Lakov, E. Gocheva, and O. Peshev. "Water vapour adsorption on phosphazenes." Journal of Materials Science Letters 12, no. 5 (March 1993): 281–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01910077.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Normand, C. W. B. "On instability from water vapour." Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 64, no. 273 (September 10, 2007): 47–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.49706427306.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Saienko, Natalia Vyacheslavovna, Dmitriy Vasilevich Demidov, Yuri Viktorovich Popov, Roman Aleksandrovich Bikov, Basheer Younis, and Leonid Vladimirovich Saienko. "Effect of Mineral Filler Compounds on Vapor Permeability and Hygroscopic Properties of Water-Based Polymer Dispersions." Materials Science Forum 968 (August 2019): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.968.89.

Full text

Abstract:

The effect of mineral filler compounds on vapor permeability and hygroscopic properties of water-based polymer dispersions and the possibility of their use as decorative and protective material for stucco facades finishing was studied. According to Facade Protection Theory (H.M. Künzel), the assessment criterion was vapor permeability and water vapor diffusivity. The pairwise correlation of building physical properties of water-based polymer dispersions in the coordinates of Künzel's diagram clearly demonstrates that, in terms of hygroscopic, all the samples studied correspond to the low hygroscopic class, and in terms of vapor, they are close to high water vapour diffusion rate class.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Sittikijyothin, Wancheng, Khanaphit Khumduang, Chularat Hongvaleerat, and Rattanaphol Mongkholrattanasit. "Effect of Plasticizer on the Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of Caesalpinia pulcherrima Gum Edible Film." Materials Science Forum 987 (April 2020): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.987.112.

Full text

Abstract:

The gum edible films were prepared from Caesalpinia pulcherrima seeds. The effects of plasticizer types and contents on physical and mechanical properties of gum edible film were investigated. Three plasticizers as glycerol and sorbitol and propylene glycol at different adding concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%) were used. Glycerol provided flexible and sticky films with the highest water vapour permeability and elongation at break but the lowest tensile strength. In contrast, propylene glycol provided brittle films with the highest tensile strength but the lowest elongation at break and water vapour permeability. In addition, increasing in plasticizer content resulted in decreased tensile strength concomitant with an increased in elongation at break and water vapor permeability.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Yang, Siyun. "Analysis of Water Vapour Feedback and its Impact on Surface Temperature." E3S Web of Conferences 424 (2023): 03014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202342403014.

Full text

Abstract:

The accumulation of greenhouse gases is the main reason for the global warming process. Water vapour, being one of the most abundant and powerful greenhouse gas, strongly influences the warming process in multiple ways. Despite being a greenhouse gas itself, the amount of water vapour in the atmosphere is directly related to the surface temperature of the earth. To understand the global warming process, a deeper look into water vapour and its unique positive feedback mechanism is meaningful. This paper will discuss the mechanism of water vapour feedback, the equilibrium established between the content of water vapour in the air and the surface temperature of the earth. In addition, this study will calculate the time scale and magnitude of the response of water vapour to varying (in real cases increasing) surface temperature, and qualitatively analyse how water vapour feedback would affect the global warming process by serving as an amplifier for the greenhouse effect. These results establish a mathematical model for water vapour feedback’s impact on surface temperature rise and could be used as a starting point for lab experiments and more complex analysis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Galus, S., A. Turska, and A. Lenart. "Sorption and wetting properties of pectin edible films." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 30, No. 5 (July 25, 2012): 446–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/444/2011-cjfs.

Full text

Abstract:

The water vapour sorption kinetics and isotherms of pectin films prepared by the casting method were determined. The measurement of water vapour sorption kinetics was conducted using a saturated sodium chloride solution to obtain constant relative humidity of the environment (75.3%). The measurement was carried out at the temperature of 25°C over a 24 h period. The water vapour adsorption rate was the highest in the first hours of the process. The exponential equation fitted well the experimental data of water vapour adsorption with time. Glycerol concentration in the analysed films affected the increasing water vapour adsorption. The water vapour sorption isotherms were analysed using the saturated salt solutions with water activity from 0.113 to 0.901 for 3 months at 25°C. The sorption isotherms curves had a sigmoidal shape for all films. Glycerol content affected water vapour adsorption during 3 months. Peleg’s equation was appropriate for the mathematical description of the sorption isotherms. The microstructure of pectin films showed different internal arrangement as a function of the film composition.  

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Morland, J., B. Deuber, D. G. Feist, L. Martin, S. Nyeki, N. Kämpfer, C. Mätzler, P. Jeanne, and L. Vuilleumier. "The STARTWAVE atmospheric water database." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 5, no. 5 (October 28, 2005): 10839–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-5-10839-2005.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. The STARTWAVE (STudies in Atmospheric Radiative Transfer and Water Vapour Effects) project aims to investigate the role which water vapour plays in the climate system, and in particular its interaction with radiation. Within this framework, an ongoing water vapour database project was set up which comprises integrated water vapour (IWV) measurements made over the last ten years by ground-based microwave radiometers, Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers and sun photometers located throughout Switzerland at altitudes between 330 and 3584 m. At Bern (46.95° N, 7.44° E) tropospheric and stratospheric water vapour profiles are obtained on a regular basis and integrated liquid water, which is important for cloud characterisation, is also measured. Additional stratospheric water vapour profiles are obtained by an airborne microwave radiometer which observes large parts of the northern hemisphere during yearly flight campaigns. The database allows us to validate the various water vapour measurement techniques. Comparisons between IWV measured by the Payerne radiosonde with that measured at Bern by two microwave radiometers, GPS and sun photometer showed instrument biases within ±0.5 mm. The bias in GPS relative to sun photometer over the 2001 to 2004 period was −0.8 mm at Payerne (46.81° N, 6.94° E, 490 m), which lies in the Swiss plains north of the Alps, and +0.6 mm at Davos (46.81° N, 9.84° E, 1598 m), which is located within the Alps in the eastern part of Switzerland. At Locarno (46.18° N, 8.78° E, 366 m), which is located on the south side of the Alps, the bias is +1.9 mm. The sun photometer at Locarno was found to have a bias of −2.2 mm (13% of the mean annual IWV) relative to the data from the closest radiosonde station at Milano. This result led to a yearly rotation of the sun photometer instruments between low and high altitude stations to improve the calibrations. In order to demonstrate the capabilites of the database for studying water vapour variations, we investigated a front which crossed Switzerland between 18 November 2004 and 19 November 2004. During the frontal passage, the GPS and microwave radiometers at Bern and Payerne showed an increase in IWV of between 7 and 9 mm. The GPS IWV measurements were corrected to a standard height of 500 m, using an empirically derived exponential relationship between IWV and altitude. A qualitative comparison was made between plots of the IWV distribution measured by the GPS and the 6.2 µm water vapour channel on the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellite. Both showed that the moist air moved in from a northerly direction, although the MSG showed an increase in water vapour several hours before increases in IWV were detected by GPS or microwave radiometer. This is probably due to the fact that the satellite instrument is sensitive to an atmospheric layer at around 320 hPa, which makes a contribution of one percent or less to the IWV.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Morland, J., B. Deuber, D. G. Feist, L. Martin, S. Nyeki, N. Kämpfer, C. Mätzler, P. Jeannet, and L. Vuilleumier. "The STARTWAVE atmospheric water database." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 6, no. 8 (June 20, 2006): 2039–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-2039-2006.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. The STARTWAVE (STudies in Atmospheric Radiative Transfer and Water Vapour Effects) project aims to investigate the role which water vapour plays in the climate system, and in particular its interaction with radiation. Within this framework, an ongoing water vapour database project was set up which comprises integrated water vapour (IWV) measurements made over the last ten years by ground-based microwave radiometers, Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers and sun photometers located throughout Switzerland at altitudes between 330 and 3584 m. At Bern (46.95° N, 7.44° E) tropospheric and stratospheric water vapour profiles are obtained on a regular basis and integrated liquid water, which is important for cloud characterisation, is also measured. Additional stratospheric water vapour profiles are obtained by an airborne microwave radiometer which observes large parts of the northern hemisphere during yearly flight campaigns. The database allows us to validate the various water vapour measurement techniques. Comparisons between IWV measured by the Payerne radiosonde with that measured at Bern by two microwave radiometers, GPS and sun photometer showed instrument biases within ±0.5 mm. The bias in GPS relative to sun photometer over the 2001 to 2004 period was –0.8 mm at Payerne (46.81° N, 6.94° E, 490 m), which lies in the Swiss plains north of the Alps, and +0.6 mm at Davos (46.81° N, 9.84° E, 1598 m), which is located within the Alps in the eastern part of Switzerland. At Locarno (46.18° N, 8.78° E, 366 m), which is located on the south side of the Alps, the bias is +1.9 mm. The sun photometer at Locarno was found to have a bias of –2.2 mm (13% of the mean annual IWV) relative to the data from the closest radiosonde station at Milano. This result led to a yearly rotation of the sun photometer instruments between low and high altitude stations to improve the calibrations. In order to demonstrate the capabilites of the database for studying water vapour variations, we investigated a front which crossed Switzerland between 18 November 2004 and 19 November 2004. During the frontal passage, the GPS and microwave radiometers at Bern and Payerne showed an increase in IWV of between 7 and 9 mm. The GPS IWV measurements were corrected to a standard height of 500 m, using an empirically derived exponential relationship between IWV and altitude. A qualitative comparison was made between plots of the IWV distribution measured by the GPS and the 6.2 µm water vapour channel on the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellite. Both showed that the moist air moved in from a northerly direction, although the MSG showed an increase in water vapour several hours before increases in IWV were detected by GPS or microwave radiometer. This is probably due to the fact that the satellite instrument is sensitive to an atmospheric layer at around 320 hPa, which makes a contribution of one percent or less to the IWV.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Ruprecht, Eberhard, Susanne Sandra Schröder, and Sandy Ubl. "On the relation between NAO and water vapour transport towards Europe." Meteorologische Zeitschrift 11, no. 6 (December 16, 2002): 395–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2002/0011-0395.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Myhre, Gunnar, Maria Kvalevåg, Gaby Rädel, Jolene Cook, Keith P. Shine, Hannah Clark, Fernand Karcher, et al. "Intercomparison of radiative forcing calculations of stratospheric water vapour and contrails." Meteorologische Zeitschrift 18, no. 6 (December 1, 2009): 585–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2009/0411.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Winkler, Peter. "Historical water vapour measurements at Hohenpeissenberg observatory demonstrate long term change." Meteorologische Zeitschrift 23, no. 3 (September 25, 2014): 269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2014/0557.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!