Relevant bibliographies by topics / Water vapour

Academic literature on the topic 'Water vapour'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 22 June 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Water vapour"

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Martin, Lorenz, Christian Mätzler, Tim J. Hewison, and Dominique Ruffieux. "Intercomparison of integrated water vapour measurements." Meteorologische Zeitschrift 15, no. 1 (February 27, 2006): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0098.

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Curtis, Richard H. "Water-vapour." Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 30, no. 131 (August 17, 2007): 193–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.49703013102.

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Wang, Wen Yi, Kwok Tung Hui, Chi Wai Kan, Maturod Viengsima, Nittaya Wansopa, Kamol Promlawan, Wirat Wongphakdee, and Rattanaphol Mongkholrattanasit. "Examining the Water Vapour Transmission of Socks." Key Engineering Materials 831 (February 2020): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.831.159.

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The present study investigated effects of fabric parameters on the water vapor transmission of socks fabric, which was measured by the cup method. It was found that the water vapor transmission of fabric was negatively proportional to the content of cotton and yarn count, before washing. Meanwhile, washing was found to increase the water vapour transmission.
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Heffernan, Olive. "Water vapour warming." Nature Climate Change 1, no. 812 (November 27, 2008): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/climate.2008.129.

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Heffernan, Olive. "Water vapour warming." Nature Climate Change 1, no. 1003 (February 11, 2010): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/climate.2010.12.

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Soden, Brian J. "Enlightening water vapour." Nature 406, no. 6793 (July 2000): 247–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35018666.

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Schneider, M., P. M. Romero, F. Hase, T. Blumenstock, E. Cuevas, and R. Ramos. "Quality assessment of Izaña's upper-air water vapour measurement techniques: FTIR, Cimel, MFRSR, GPS, and Vaisala RS92." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 2, no. 4 (July 13, 2009): 1625–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-2-1625-2009.

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Abstract. At the Izaña Atmospheric Research Centre water vapour amounts are measured routinely by different techniques since many years. We intercompare the total precipitable water vapour amounts measured between 2005 and 2009 by a Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, a Multifilter rotating shadow-band radiometer (MFRSR), a Cimel sunphotometer, a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver, and daily radiosondes (Vaisala RS92). In addition we intercompare the water vapor profiles measured by the FTIR and the radiosondes. The long-term intercomparison assures that our study well represents the large water vapour variabilities that occur in the troposphere and allows a reliable empirical quality assessment for the different water vapour dataset. We examine how the data quality of the different techniques depends on atmospheric conditions and estimate the dry bias of the techniques which are restricted to clear sky observations.
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Xia, P., C. Cai, and Z. Liu. "GNSS troposphere tomography based on two-step reconstructions using GPS observations and COSMIC profiles." Annales Geophysicae 31, no. 10 (October 24, 2013): 1805–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-1805-2013.

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Abstract. Traditionally, balloon-based radiosonde soundings are used to study the spatial distribution of atmospheric water vapour. However, this approach cannot be frequently employed due to its high cost. In contrast, GPS tomography technique can obtain water vapour in a high temporal resolution. In the tomography technique, an iterative or non-iterative reconstruction algorithm is usually utilised to overcome rank deficiency of observation equations for water vapour inversion. However, the single iterative or non-iterative reconstruction algorithm has their limitations. For instance, the iterative reconstruction algorithm requires accurate initial values of water vapour while the non-iterative reconstruction algorithm needs proper constraint conditions. To overcome these drawbacks, we present a combined iterative and non-iterative reconstruction approach for the three-dimensional (3-D) water vapour inversion using GPS observations and COSMIC profiles. In this approach, the non-iterative reconstruction algorithm is first used to estimate water vapour density based on a priori water vapour information derived from COSMIC radio occultation data. The estimates are then employed as initial values in the iterative reconstruction algorithm. The largest advantage of this approach is that precise initial values of water vapour density that are essential in the iterative reconstruction algorithm can be obtained. This combined reconstruction algorithm (CRA) is evaluated using 10-day GPS observations in Hong Kong and COSMIC profiles. The test results indicate that the water vapor accuracy from CRA is 16 and 14% higher than that of iterative and non-iterative reconstruction approaches, respectively. In addition, the tomography results obtained from the CRA are further validated using radiosonde data. Results indicate that water vapour densities derived from the CRA agree with radiosonde results very well at altitudes above 2.5 km. The average RMS value of their differences above 2.5 km is 0.44 g m−3.
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Zhao, Qingzhi, Yibin Yao, and Wanqiang Yao. "Troposphere Water Vapour Tomography: A Horizontal Parameterised Approach." Remote Sensing 10, no. 8 (August 7, 2018): 1241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10081241.

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Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) troposphere tomography has become one of the most cost-effective means to obtain three-dimensional (3-d) image of the tropospheric water vapour field. Traditional methods divide the tomography area into a number of 3-d voxels and assume that the water vapour density at any voxel is a constant during the given period. However, such behaviour breaks the spatial continuity of water vapour density in a horizontal direction and the number of unknown parameters needing to be estimated is very large. This is the focus of the paper, which tries to reconstruct the water vapor field using the tomographic technique without imposing empirical horizontal and vertical constraints. The proposed approach introduces the layered functional model in each layer vertically and only an a priori constraint is imposed for the water vapor information at the location of the radiosonde station. The elevation angle mask of 30° is determined according to the distribution of intersections between the satellite rays and different layers, which avoids the impact of ray bending and the error in slant water vapor (SWV) at low elevation angles on the tomographic result. Additionally, an optimal weighting strategy is applied to the established tomographic model to obtain a reasonable result. The tomographic experiment is performed using Global Positioning System (GPS) data of 12 receivers derived from the Satellite Positioning Reference Station Network (SatRef) in Hong Kong. The quality of the established tomographic model is validated under different weather conditions and compared with the conventional tomography method using 31-day data, respectively. The numerical result shows that the proposed method is applicable and superior to the traditional one. Comparisons of integrated water vapour (IWV) of the proposed method with that derived from radiosonde and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA-Interim data show that the root mean square (RMS)/Bias of their differences are 3.2/−0.8 mm and 3.3/−1.7 mm, respectively, while the values of traditional method are 5.1/−3.9 mm and 6.3/−5.9 mm, respectively. Furthermore, the water vapour density profiles are also compared with radiosonde and ECMWF data, and the values of RMS/Bias error for the proposed method are 0.88/0.06 g/m3 and 0.92/−0.08 g/m3, respectively, while the values of the traditional method are 1.33/0.38 g/m3 and 1.59/0.40 g/m3, respectively.
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Wahlgren, Roland. "Atmospheric water vapour processing." Waterlines 12, no. 2 (October 1993): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/0262-8104.1993.039.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Water vapour"

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Munro, Rosemary. "Middle atmosphere water vapour." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293409.

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Alyanak, Didem Balköse Devrim. "Water vapour permeable edible membranes/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2005. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/biyoteknoloji/T000420.pdf.

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Calanca, Pierluigi Stefano. "The atmospheric water vapour budget over Greenland /." Zürich, 1993. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=10243.

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Kennett, Elizabeth Jane. "Lifetime and variability of atmospheric water vapour." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425367.

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Goss-Custard, Matthew. "Measurements of atmospheric water vapour by ISAMS." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386586.

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Hubbard, Lisa C. M. "Atmospheric water vapour effects on GPS measurements." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283462.

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Baker, Helen C. "GPS water vapour estimation for meteorological applications." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263417.

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Chinnaswamy, Arulmani. "Water vapour and sea surface temperature retrievals." Thesis, University of Reading, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270328.

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Duan, Zhouyang. "Water vapour permeability of bio-based polymers." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/13609.

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This project investigates the moisture barrier properties of bio-based polymers and ways of improving them. The first section addresses the effect of crystallinity on the water permeability of poly(lactic acid) (PLA). The second section investigates PLA/talc composites and PLA/ montmorillonite nanocomposites. The third section is focused on a new polymer, polybutylene succinate (PBS), and its nanocomposites with montmorillonite. In the first section, the water vapour transmission rates (WVTR) through samples of polylactic acid of different crystallinities have been measured. Three different grades of commercial PLA were used with different ratios of L-lactide and D-lactide to give a range of crystallinities from 0 to 50%. Sheets of PLA were prepared by melt compounding followed by compression moulding and annealing at different temperatures and for different times to give the range of crystallinities required. Crystallinity was measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the morphology of the samples was observed under crossed polars in a transmitted light microscope. Water vapour transmission rates through the films were measured at 38°C and at a relative humidity of 90%. It was found that the measured values of WVTR decreased linearly with increasing crystallinity of the PLA from 0 to 50%. The results are discussed in terms of the effect of crystallinity on solubility and shown to fit the tortuous path model. The model was also successfully used to explain published data on water permeability of polyethylene terephthalate. In the second section, a series of PLA/talc composites and PLA/ montmorillonite nanocomposites were prepared by melt compounding followed by compression moulding. The morphologies of the composites were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and it was found that the fillers were well dispersed in the polymer matrix. The average aspect ratio of the compounded talc was found to be 8, and that of the nanoclay was found to be 50. Water vapour transmission rates (WVTR) through the films were measured at 38°C and at a relative humidity of 90%. It was found that the measured values of WVTR decreased with increasing filler content and the results gave good agreement with predictions from the Nielsen tortuous path model. In the third section, PBS/ montmorillonite nanocomposites were prepared by melt compounding followed by compression moulding. The melting and crystallisation behaviour of the pure PBS samples were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and cross polarised optical microscopy. A slight decrease of the degree of crystallinity was found in PBS containing 5% nanoclay. The morphology of the composites was investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and it was confirmed that that composite structures were intercalated. Water vapour transmission rates (WVTR) through the PBS sheets were measured using a MOCON Permatran-W®398. The measured values of WVTR decreased with increasing nanoclay content. However, the experimental values were all higher than the values predicted by the Nielsen tortuosity model. This result shows that in the case of PBS, which is a highly crystalline polymer, the nanoclay is not as well dispersed and is not as effective in reducing water vapour permeability as in the case of PLA.
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Wiedner, Martina Corinna. "Atmospheric water vapour and astronomical millimetre interferometry." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://www.mma.nrao.edu/workinggroups/cal%5Fimaging/183GHz.html.

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Books on the topic "Water vapour"

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Kämpfer, Niklaus, ed. Monitoring Atmospheric Water Vapour. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3909-7.

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Calanca, Pierluigi. The atmospheric water vapour budget over Greenland. Zürich: Geographisches Institut ETH, 1994.

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Institution, British Standards. British Standard specification for water vapour permeable apparel fabrics. London: BSI, 1990.

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Daya, Zeinab A. The thermodynamics of water vapour dissolution in tundish fluxes. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999.

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Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation., ed. Determination of water vapour diffusion across brick masonry treated with water-repellant sealers. [Ottawa]: CMHC, 2000.

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Kwidziński, Roman. Stationary shock wave in the flow of a water-vapour mixture. Gdańsk: Wydawn. Instytutu Maszyn Przepływowych Polskiej Akademii Nauk, 1999.

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Bukovsky, Jan. Heavy water handbook: Evaluation of presently available thermophysical properties of heavy water (D₂O) liquid and vapour. Roskilde, Denmark: Risø National Laboratory, 1994.

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Mooney, Damian A. Theoretical and experimental studies of water vapour sorption and transport in semicrystalline polyamides. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1998.

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Michels, Berenice I. Fluxes of heat and water vapour in a convective mixed layer during EFEDA. Köln: Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Luft- und Raumfahrt, 1992.

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P, Majumdar, and Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, eds. Development of a program "BFQ/VERI" to simulate vapour pull through and liquid entrainment under stratified flow condition. Mumbai: Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Water vapour"

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Kämpfer, Niklaus. "Introduction." In Monitoring Atmospheric Water Vapour, 1–7. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3909-7_1.

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Lambert, Jean-Christopher, Coralie De Clercq, and Thomas Von Clarmann. "Combining and Merging Water Vapour Observations: A Multi-dimensional Perspective on Smoothing and Sampling Issues." In Monitoring Atmospheric Water Vapour, 215–42. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3909-7_10.

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Hocke, Klemens, Lorenz Martin, and Niklaus Käampfer. "Survey of Intercomparisons of Water Vapour Measurements." In Monitoring Atmospheric Water Vapour, 243–88. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3909-7_11.

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Smit, Herman, Rigel Kivi, Holger Vömel, and Ari Paukkunen. "Thin Film Capacitive Sensors." In Monitoring Atmospheric Water Vapour, 11–38. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3909-7_2.

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Vömel, Holger, and Pierre Jeannet. "Balloon-Borne Frostpoint-Hygrometry." In Monitoring Atmospheric Water Vapour, 39–53. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3909-7_3.

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Yushkov, Vladimir. "Application of Fluorescence Methodfor Measurements of Water Vapour in the Atmosphere." In Monitoring Atmospheric Water Vapour, 55–68. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3909-7_4.

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Kämpfer, Niklaus, Gerald Nedoluha, Alexander Haefele, and Evelyn DeWachter. "Microwave Radiometry." In Monitoring Atmospheric Water Vapour, 71–93. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3909-7_5.

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Schneider, Matthias, Philippe Demoulin, Ralf Sussmann, and Justus Notholt. "Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry." In Monitoring Atmospheric Water Vapour, 95–111. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3909-7_6.

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Leblanc, Thierry, Thomas Trickl, and Hannes Vogelmann. "Lidar." In Monitoring Atmospheric Water Vapour, 113–58. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3909-7_7.

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Braathen, Geir O. "Role of Ground-based Networks and Long-term Programmes for Global Monitoring." In Monitoring Atmospheric Water Vapour, 161–74. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3909-7_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Water vapour"

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Bertier, P., T. Seemann, B. Krooss, and H. Stanjek. "Water Vapour Sorption by Shales." In Fifth EAGE Shale Workshop. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201600394.

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Neate, Reuben, and Tinus Stander. "A modular water vapour radiometer for comparing water vapour radiometer topologies and calibration techniques." In Ground-based and Airborne Telescopes X, edited by Heather K. Marshall, Jason Spyromilio, and Tomonori Usuda. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3018768.

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Kratschun, Filipp, Tobias Mielke, and Katharina Schmitz. "Water Vapour Cavitation in Hydraulic Fluids." In BATH/ASME 2018 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2018-8872.

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Cavitation in hydraulic systems leads to cavitation erosion which ultimately results in system failure [1, 2] and the reduction of the systems’ stiffness. There are three types of cavitation known: gas, vapour and pseudo cavitation [3]. In previous gas-cavitation studies enormous air release rates in hydraulic fluids have been discovered which could not be explained just by the diffusion of dissolved air through bubble’s boundary. A possible explanation is the simultaneous occurrence of vapour cavitation in conjunction with gas-cavitation. However, this requires drastic pressure drops below several Pa, which is hard to achieve in hydraulic systems. This article introduces a further hypothesis for the unexplainable air release rates as fourth type of cavitation. Technical fluids can dissolve other fluids, such as water, to a degree which evaporate at much higher pressures compared to the base fluid. Based on a standard HLP 46 hydraulic oil and water as dissolved fluid, the presented hypothesis is verified. Firstly, a phenomenological mathematical model is developed. Subsequently, a test rig is presented to prove the hypothesis.
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Pain, Th, J. L. Palmade, E. Pailharey, D. Giraud, F. Guerin, and F. Jubineau. "WALES: water vapour lidar experiment in space." In International Conference on Space Optics 2004, edited by Josiane Costeraste and Errico Armandillo. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2308009.

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Ehrert, Gerhard. "Water Vapour Lidar Experiment ins Space (WALES)." In 54th International Astronautical Congress of the International Astronautical Federation, the International Academy of Astronautics, and the International Institute of Space Law. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.iac-03-b.2.08.

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Kerber, Florian, Thomas Rose, Arlette Chacón, Omar Cuevas, Harald Czekala, Reinhard Hanuschik, Yazan Momany, et al. "A water vapour monitor at Paranal Observatory." In SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, edited by Ian S. McLean, Suzanne K. Ramsay, and Hideki Takami. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.924340.

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Bykov, Nikolay Y., and Yuriy E. Gorbachev. "Cluster formation in rarefied water vapour plume." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS (ICNAAM 2016). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4992292.

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Neate, Reuben, and Tinus Stander. "A Framework for Simulating Water Vapour Radiometers." In 2023 IEEE Radio and Antenna Days of the Indian Ocean (RADIO). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/radio58424.2023.10146048.

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Pathak, Prashant, Olivier Absil, Benjamin Courtney-Barrer, Christian Delacroix, Gilles Orban de Xivry, Julien Woillez, Alexis Matter, Philippe Bério, and Roy van Boekel. "Characterizing water vapour seeing for METIS HCI." In Adaptive Optics Systems IX, edited by Dirk Schmidt, Elise Vernet, and Kathryn J. Jackson. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3019987.

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Lei, Wenwen, and David R. McKenzie. "Enhanced water vapour flow in silica microchannels and interdiffusive water vapour flow through anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) membranes." In SPIE Micro+Nano Materials, Devices, and Applications, edited by Benjamin J. Eggleton and Stefano Palomba. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2202469.

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Reports on the topic "Water vapour"

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Høegh, Britt Haker, Lies Vanhouttegehem, and Thor Hansen. Documentation of moisture reduction up to two years after refurbishment of moisture damaged exterior basement wall. Department of the Built Environment, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/aau541578714.

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In Denmark, many old buildings are constructed with massive masonry basement walls. Originally, these basements were used for storage or as boiler room. Hence moisture in the basement walls was not considered a problem, and moisture protection of basement constructions was not considered necessary. However, leaving older buildings basement walls exposed to moisture from the surrounding soil, results in a high risk for damage and mould growth on the interior surface of the exterior basement walls. Today, many of these basements are used for daily purposes. Accordingly, moisture problems in the basements are no longer acceptable. Therefore, drainage systems in combination with external insulation of the basement walls are installed in many buildings. Traditionally, insulation materials with a high water vapour resistance are used as external insulation for basement walls in Denmark. However, theoretical approach and field experiences indicate that application of insulation materials with a low water vapour diffusion resistance, results in a larger reduction of the moisture content in the masonry of the basement’s exterior walls. This paper documents moisture measurements from a basement, in which external insulation with low vapour diffusion resistance was applied to the external basement walls. Additionally, at the bottom of the basement walls a horizontal moisture barrier and perimeter drain were installed, as well as heating and natural ventilation of the basement. After one year, a noticeable reduction in moisture content was measured compared to the moisture content before installation, while no further reduction was seen after the second year.
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Johra, Hicham. Performance overview of caloric heat pumps: magnetocaloric, elastocaloric, electrocaloric and barocaloric systems. Department of the Built Environment, Aalborg University, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/aau467469997.

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Heat pumps are an excellent solution to supply heating and cooling for indoor space conditioning and domestic hot water production. Conventional heat pumps are typically electrically driven and operate with a vapour-compression thermodynamic cycle of refrigerant fluid to transfer heat from a cold source to a warmer sink. This mature technology is cost-effective and achieves appreciable coefficients of performance (COP). The heat pump market demand is driven up by the urge to improve the energy efficiency of building heating systems coupled with the increase of global cooling needs for air-conditioning. Unfortunately, the refrigerants used in current conventional heat pumps can have a large greenhouse or ozone-depletion effect. Alternative gaseous refrigerants have been identified but they present some issues regarding toxicity, flammability, explosivity, low energy efficiency or high cost. However, several non-vapour-compression heat pump technologies have been invented and could be promising alternatives to conventional systems, with potential for higher COP and without the aforementioned refrigerant drawbacks. Among those, the systems based on the so-called “caloric effects” of solid-state refrigerants are gaining large attention. These caloric effects are characterized by a phase transition varying entropy in the material, resulting in a large adiabatic temperature change. This phase transition is induced by a variation of a specific external field applied to the solid refrigerant. Therefore, the magnetocaloric, elastocaloric, electrocaloric and barocaloric effects are adiabatic temperature changes in specific materials when varying the magnetic field, uniaxial mechanical stress, electrical field or hydrostatic pressure, respectively. Heat pump cycle can be built from these caloric effects and several heating/cooling prototypes were developed and tested over the last few decades. Although not a mature technology yet, some of these caloric systems are well suited to become new efficient and sustainable solutions for indoor space conditioning and domestic hot water production. This technical report (and the paper to which this report is supplementary materials) aims to raise awareness in the building community about these innovative caloric systems. It sheds some light on the recent progress in that field and compares the performance of caloric systems with that of conventional vapour-compression heat pumps for building applications.
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Glass, Samuel V., Samuel L. Zelinka, Charles R. Boardman, and Emil Engelund Thybring. Promoting advances in understanding water vapor sorption in wood: relegating popular models and misconceptions. Department of the Built Environment, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/aau541615744.

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Water vapor sorption is a fundamental characteristic of wood as a building material. Apart from empirical prediction, models are often used to interpret the time-dependent process of water vapor uptake (sorption kinetics) and equilibrium states of water in wood (sorption isotherms). This paper summarizes our recent investigations into measurement methods and popular models that are widely used for interpreting these physical phenomena. Commonly used criteria for determining equilibrium moisture content with the dynamic vapor sorption technique yield much larger errors than previously thought. A more rigorous equilibrium criterion and a method to reduce data acquisition time are proposed. Evaluation of the parallel exponential kinetics model with improved data and multi-exponential decay analysis indicates that this model is unable to characterize the full sorption kinetic response following a step change in relative humidity. Fitting of common sorption isotherm models to high-quality equilibrium data for wood gives model predicted physical quantities such as monolayer capacity and enthalpy of sorption that are far from agreement with independently measured data. Thus, these models are not valid for water vapor sorption in wood. New theoretical models are needed that correctly describe the physical phenomena.
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Willson. PR-258-9619-R01 Inlet Air Humidity Effects on a Large-Bore Two Stroke Natural as Fired Engine. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011039.

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Barajas and George. PR-015-05600-R01 Assessment of Sampling Systems for Monitoring Water Vapor in Natural Gas Streams. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011197.

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Research has been conducted to assess the usefulness of various sampling and delivery methods in transporting a representative sample of a natural gas stream for analysis of moisture content. Three sampling configurations commonly used by the natural gas industry were evaluated, including a sample system with a regulated probe heated above ambient conditions, the same system held at a constant temperature simulating ambient conditions, and a heated sample system incorporating a membrane filter. Each configuration was used to transport samples of distribution-quality natural gas with levels of water vapor within common tariff limits, as well as samples of a water-saturated stream of methane simulating a common dehydration system upset. The time response of samples in each configuration to step changes in water vapor content between these two conditions was also evaluated. Measurements were performed using both manual chilled mirror dew point testers and automated analyzers.
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Guastad, Krista, Laura Riihimaki, and none,. Tower Water-Vapor Mixing Ratio. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1226792.

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Keller, Paul E., and Richard T. Kouzes. Water Vapor Permeation in Plastics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1411940.

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Koontz, A., and M. Cadeddu. G-Band Vapor Radiometer Precipitable Water Vapor (GVRPWV) Value-Added Product. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1056530.

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TRIMBLE, D. J. Reaction rate constant for uranium in water and water vapor. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/11236.

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Fuchs, Marcel, Jerry Hatfield, Amos Hadas, and Rami Keren. Reducing Evaporation from Cultivated Soils by Mulching with Crop Residues and Stabilized Soil Aggregates. United States Department of Agriculture, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568086.bard.

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Field and laboratory studies of insulating properties of mulches show that the changes they produce on the heat balance and the evaporation depend not only on the intrinsic characteristics of the material but also on the structure of air flow in boundary layer. Field measurements of the radiation balance of corn residue showed a decrease of reflectivity from 0.2 to 0.17 from fall to spring. The aerodynamic properties of the atmospheric surface layer were turbulent, with typical roughness length of 12 to 24 mm. Evaporation from corn residue covered soils in climate chambers simulating the diurnal course of temperature in the field were up to 60% less than bare soil. Wind tunnel studies showed that turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer added a convective component to the transport of water vapor and heat through the mulches. The decreasing the porosity of the mulch diminished this effect. Factors increasing the resistance to vapor flow lowering the effect of wind. The behavior of wheat straw and stabilized soil aggregates mulches were similar, but the resistance to water of soil aggregate layer with diameter less than 2 mm were very large, close to the values expected from molecular diffusion.
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