Relevant bibliographies by topics / Water vapor profile

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Water vapor profile'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 1 July 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Water vapor profile"

1

Mariani, Zen, Noah Stanton, James Whiteway, and Raisa Lehtinen. "Toronto Water Vapor Lidar Inter-Comparison Campaign." Remote Sensing 12, no. 19 (September 27, 2020): 3165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12193165.

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This study presents comparisons between vertical water vapor profile measurements from a Raman lidar and a new pre-production broadband differential absorption lidar (DIAL). Vaisala’s novel DIAL system operates autonomously outdoors and measures the vertical profile of water vapor within the boundary layer 24 h a day during all weather conditions. Eight nights of measurements in June and July 2018 were used for the Toronto water vapor lidar inter-comparison field campaign. Both lidars provided reliable atmospheric backscatter and water vapor profile measurements. Comparisons were performed during night-time observations only, when the York Raman lidar could measure the water vapor profile. The purpose was to validate the water vapor profile measurements retrieved by the new DIAL system. The results indicate good agreement between the two lidars, with a mean difference (DIAL–Raman) of 0.17 ± 0.14 g/kg. There were two main causes for differences in their measurements: horizontal displacement between the two lidar sites (3.2 km) and vertical gradients in the water vapor profile. A case study analyzed during the campaign demonstrates the ability for both lidars to measure sudden changes and large gradients in the water vapor’s vertical structure due to a passing frontal system. These results provide an initial validation of the DIAL’s measurements and its ability to be implemented as part of an operational program.
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Millán, Luis, Matthew Lebsock, Nathaniel Livesey, and Simone Tanelli. "Differential absorption radar techniques: water vapor retrievals." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 9, no. 6 (June 21, 2016): 2633–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2633-2016.

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Abstract. Two radar pulses sent at different frequencies near the 183 GHz water vapor line can be used to determine total column water vapor and water vapor profiles (within clouds or precipitation) exploiting the differential absorption on and off the line. We assess these water vapor measurements by applying a radar instrument simulator to CloudSat pixels and then running end-to-end retrieval simulations. These end-to-end retrievals enable us to fully characterize not only the expected precision but also their potential biases, allowing us to select radar tones that maximize the water vapor signal minimizing potential errors due to spectral variations in the target extinction properties. A hypothetical CloudSat-like instrument with 500 m by ∼ 1 km vertical and horizontal resolution and a minimum detectable signal and radar precision of −30 and 0.16 dBZ, respectively, can estimate total column water vapor with an expected precision of around 0.03 cm, with potential biases smaller than 0.26 cm most of the time, even under rainy conditions. The expected precision for water vapor profiles was found to be around 89 % on average, with potential biases smaller than 77 % most of the time when the profile is being retrieved close to surface but smaller than 38 % above 3 km. By using either horizontal or vertical averaging, the precision will improve vastly, with the measurements still retaining a considerably high vertical and/or horizontal resolution.
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Petrova, T. M., A. M. Solodov, A. P. Shcherbakov, V. M. Deichuli, A. A. Solodov, and Yu N. Ponomarev. "Comparison of Profile Models for Water Vapor Absorption Lines." Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics 34, no. 4 (July 2021): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1024856021040096.

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Livingston, J. M., B. Schmid, P. B. Russell, J. R. Podolske, J. Redemann, and G. S. Diskin. "Comparison of Water Vapor Measurements by Airborne Sun Photometer and Diode Laser Hygrometer on the NASA DC-8." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 25, no. 10 (October 1, 2008): 1733–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jtecha1047.1.

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Abstract In January–February 2003, the 14-channel NASA Ames airborne tracking sun photometer (AATS) and the NASA Langley/Ames diode laser hygrometer (DLH) were flown on the NASA DC-8 aircraft. The AATS measured column water vapor on the aircraft-to-sun path, while the DLH measured local water vapor in the free stream between the aircraft fuselage and an outboard engine cowling. The AATS and DLH measurements have been compared for two DC-8 vertical profiles by differentiating the AATS column measurement and/or integrating the DLH local measurement over the altitude range of each profile (7.7–10 km and 1.1–12.5 km). These comparisons extend, for the first time, tests of AATS water vapor retrievals to altitudes >∼6 km and column contents <0.1 g cm−2. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time suborbital spectroscopic water vapor measurements using the 940-nm band have been tested in conditions so high and dry. Values of layer water vapor (LWV) calculated from the AATS and DLH measurements are highly correlated for each profile. The composite dataset yields r 2 0.998, rms difference 7.7%, and bias (AATS minus DLH) 1.0%. For water vapor densities AATS and DLH had r 2 0.968, rms difference 27.6%, and bias (AATS minus DLH) −4.2%. These results for water vapor density compare favorably with previous comparisons of AATS water vapor to in situ results for altitudes <∼6 km, columns ∼0.1 to 5 g cm−2, and densities ∼0.1 to 17 g m−3.
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Roy, Richard J., Matthew Lebsock, Luis Millán, Robert Dengler, Raquel Rodriguez Monje, Jose V. Siles, and Ken B. Cooper. "Boundary-layer water vapor profiling using differential absorption radar." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 11, no. 12 (December 6, 2018): 6511–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-6511-2018.

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Abstract. Remote sensing of water vapor in the presence of clouds and precipitation constitutes an important observational gap in the global observing system. We present ground-based measurements using a new radar instrument operating near the 183 GHz H2O line for profiling water vapor inside of planetary-boundary-layer clouds, and develop an error model and inversion algorithm for the profile retrieval. The measurement technique exploits the strong frequency dependence of the radar beam attenuation, or differential absorption, on the low-frequency flank of the water line in conjunction with the radar's ranging capability to acquire range-resolved humidity information. By comparing the measured differential absorption coefficient with a millimeter-wave propagation model, we retrieve humidity profiles with 200 m resolution and typical statistical uncertainty of 0.6 g m−3 out to around 2 km. This value for humidity uncertainty corresponds to measurements in the high-SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) limit, and is specific to the frequency band used. The measured spectral variation of the differential absorption coefficient shows good agreement with the model, supporting both the measurement method assumptions and the measurement error model. By performing the retrieval analysis on statistically independent data sets corresponding to the same observed scene, we demonstrate the reproducibility of the measurement. An important trade-off inherent to the measurement method between retrieved humidity precision and profile resolution is discussed.
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Dai, Guangyao, Dietrich Althausen, Julian Hofer, Ronny Engelmann, Patric Seifert, Johannes Bühl, Rodanthi-Elisavet Mamouri, Songhua Wu, and Albert Ansmann. "Calibration of Raman lidar water vapor profiles by means of AERONET photometer observations and GDAS meteorological data." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 11, no. 5 (May 8, 2018): 2735–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-2735-2018.

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Abstract. We present a practical method to continuously calibrate Raman lidar observations of water vapor mixing ratio profiles. The water vapor profile measured with the multiwavelength polarization Raman lidar PollyXT is calibrated by means of co-located AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) sun photometer observations and Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) temperature and pressure profiles. This method is applied to lidar observations conducted during the Cyprus Cloud Aerosol and Rain Experiment (CyCARE) in Limassol, Cyprus. We use the GDAS temperature and pressure profiles to retrieve the water vapor density. In the next step, the precipitable water vapor from the lidar observations is used for the calibration of the lidar measurements with the sun photometer measurements. The retrieved calibrated water vapor mixing ratio from the lidar measurements has a relative uncertainty of 11 % in which the error is mainly caused by the error of the sun photometer measurements. During CyCARE, nine measurement cases with cloud-free and stable meteorological conditions are selected to calculate the precipitable water vapor from the lidar and the sun photometer observations. The ratio of these two precipitable water vapor values yields the water vapor calibration constant. The calibration constant for the PollyXT Raman lidar is 6.56 g kg−1 ± 0.72 g kg−1 (with a statistical uncertainty of 0.08 g kg−1 and an instrumental uncertainty of 0.72 g kg−1). To check the quality of the water vapor calibration, the water vapor mixing ratio profiles from the simultaneous nighttime observations with Raman lidar and Vaisala radiosonde sounding are compared. The correlation of the water vapor mixing ratios from these two instruments is determined by using all of the 19 simultaneous nighttime measurements during CyCARE. Excellent agreement with the slope of 1.01 and the R2 of 0.99 is found. One example is presented to demonstrate the full potential of a well-calibrated Raman lidar. The relative humidity profiles from lidar, GDAS (simulation) and radiosonde are compared, too. It is found that the combination of water vapor mixing ratio and GDAS temperature profiles allow us to derive relative humidity profiles with the relative uncertainty of 10–20 %.
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Wu, You, Feng Zhang, Kun Wu, Min Min, Wenwen Li, and Renqiang Liu. "Best Water Vapor Information Layer of Himawari-8-Based Water Vapor Bands over East Asia." Sensors 20, no. 8 (April 23, 2020): 2394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20082394.

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The best water vapor information layer (BWIL), based on Himawari-8 water vapor bands over a typical region of East Asia, is investigated with the U.S. standard atmospheric profile and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Re-Analysis-interim (ERA-interim) dataset. The sensitivity tests reveal that the height of the BWIL is connected heavily to the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, and to the satellite zenith angle. According to the temporal and spatial distribution analysis of BWIL, there are two basic features of BWIL. First, it lifts from January to July gradually and descends from July to October in the whole region. Second, it is higher over sea than land. These characteristics may stem from the transport of water vapor by monsoon and the concentration of water vapor in different areas. With multiple water vapor absorption IR bands, Himawari-8 can present water vapor information at multiple pressure layers. The water vapor content of ERA-interim in July 2016 is assessed as an example. By comparing the brightness temperatures from satellite observation and simulation under clear sky conditions, the ERA-interim reanalysis dataset may underestimate the amount of water vapor at pressure layers higher than 280 hPa and overestimate the water vapor quantity at pressure layers from 394 to 328 hPa, yet perform well at 320~260 hPa during this month.
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He, Jie Ying, Feng Lin Sun, Sheng Wei Zhang, and Yu Zhang. "The Analysis of Atmospheric Water Vapor Based on Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer." Key Engineering Materials 500 (January 2012): 335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.500.335.

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The paper introduces a widely used atmospheric absorption models: MPM by Liebe in 1989. Using this absorption model, the paper simulates the temperature and humidity weighting functions and brightness temperature according to the different frequencies and bandwidth of the multi-channel ground-based microwave radiometer. The results show that simulated brightness temperatures are very well agreement with the observation values with an acceptable root mean square error. This paper uses widely used retrieval method of artificial neural network to obtain the water vapor density profiles and calculates the root mean square error of each dataset. Also, to improve the accuracy of retrievals, this paper adopts multi-layers neural network which has two hidden layers. The results show that the retrievals of water vapor density profiles based on ground-based microwave radiometer are agreement with the water vapor density profile which is observed by radiosonde. Grant Nos. GYHY200906035 China Meteorological Administration nonprofit sector (meteorology) special research
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Turner, David D., and Ulrich Löhnert. "Ground-based temperature and humidity profiling: combining active and passive remote sensors." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 14, no. 4 (April 26, 2021): 3033–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3033-2021.

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Abstract. Thermodynamic profiles in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) are important observations for a range of atmospheric research and operational needs. These profiles can be retrieved from passively sensed spectral infrared (IR) or microwave (MW) radiance observations or can be more directly measured by active remote sensors such as water vapor differential absorption lidars (DIALs). This paper explores the synergy of combining ground-based IR, MW, and DIAL observations using an optimal-estimation retrieval framework, quantifying the reduction in the uncertainty in the retrieved profiles and the increase in information content as additional observations are added to IR-only and MW-only retrievals. This study uses ground-based observations collected during the Perdigão field campaign in central Portugal in 2017 and during the DIAL demonstration campaign at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Southern Great Plains site in 2017. The results show that the information content in both temperature and water vapor is higher for the IR instrument relative to the MW instrument (thereby resulting in smaller uncertainties) and that the combined IR + MW retrieval is very similar to the IR-only retrieval below 1.5 km. However, including the partial profile of water vapor observed by the DIAL increases the information content in the combined IR + DIAL and MW + DIAL water vapor retrievals substantially, with the exact impact vertically depending on the characteristics of the DIAL instrument itself. Furthermore, there is a slight increase in the information content in the retrieved temperature profile using the IR + DIAL relative to the IR-only; this was not observed in the MW + DIAL retrieval.
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Xu, Wen Jing, and Hong Yan Liu. "Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer Profiler Observations before a Heavy Rainfall." Applied Mechanics and Materials 137 (October 2011): 312–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.137.312.

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Ground-based 12-channel microwave radiometer profiler TP/WVP-3000 can provide temperature and vapor density profile per minute up to 10 km height. The observations feature apparent change before heavy rainfall obtained by TP/WVP-3000 is presented in this paper. It demonstrates the detailed thermodynamic features that the atmosphere becomes colder and drier above height 3-4 km about 9 hours before the rain, the integrated water vapor gradually increases from 5 cm to 9 cm, the integrated cloud water change from near zero to 15 mm and the vapor density also increases rapidly about half an hour before the rain, which can be concluded that the radiometer profiler is able to improve the understanding of mesoscale weather in this case due to the profiler significantly improves the temporal resolution of atmospheric thermodynamic observations.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Water vapor profile"

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Skoglund, Emil. "A NUMERICAL MODEL OF HEAT- AND MASS TRANSFER IN POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELLS : A two-dimensional 1+1D approach to solve the steady-state temperature- and mass- distributions." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Framtidens energi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-55223.

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Methods of solving the steady state characteristics of a node matrix equation system over a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) were evaluated. The most suitable method, referred to as the semi-implicit method, was set up in a MATLAB program. The model covers heat transfer due to thermal diffusion throughout the layers and due to thermal advection+diffusion in the gas channels. Included mass transport processes cover only transport of water vapor and consist of the same diffusion/advection schematics as the heat transfer processes. The mass transport processes are hence Fickian diffusion throughout all the layers and diffusion+advection in the gas channels. Data regarding all the relevant properties of the layer materials were gathered to simulate these heat- and mass transfer processes.Comparing the simulated temperature profiles obtained with the model to the temperature profiles of a previous work’s model, showed that the characteristics and behavior of the temperature profile are realistic. There were however differences between the results, but due to the number of unknown parameters in the previous work’s model it was not possible to draw conclusions regarding the accuracy of the model by comparing the results.Comparing the simulated water concentration profiles of the model and measured values, showed that the model produced concentration characteristics that for the most part alignedwell with the measurement data. The part of the fuel cell where the concentration profile did not match the measured data was the cathode side gas diffusion layer (GDL). This comparison was however performed with the assumption that relative humidity corresponds to liquid water concentration, and that this liquid water concentration is in the same range as the measured data. Because of this assumption it was not possible to determine the accuracy of the model.
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Hancock, Jay Brian 1976. "Passive microwave and hyperspectral infrared retrievals of atmospheric water vapor profiles." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8573.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2001.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 231-234).
Two clear-air relative humidity profile estimators were designed and implemented using neural networks. The microwave estimator is the first to utilize 54-, 118-, and 183-GHz channels for simultaneously retrieving a relative humidity profile. It utilizes 2 separate instruments simultaneously. The first instrument is a medium-resolution dual-band radiometer with one set of 8 double-sideband 118-GHz channels and a second set of 8 single-sideband 54-GHz channels. The other instrument is a high-resolution double-sideband radiometer with a set of 3 183-GHz channels, and additional channels at 89, 220, and 150 GHz. The infrared estimator is among the first to utilize a hyperspectral infrared aircraft instrument for relative humidity profile retrievals. The infrared instrument is a 9000-channel interferometer operative over the wavelength range of 3.8-16.2 microns. Both estimators utilized neural networks of comparable topology and training methods. The training data was generated from the SATIGR set of 1761 RAOBs using a different implementation of the discrete radiative transfer equation for each estimator. The test data were from two clear-air ER-2 aircraft flights during the tropical CAMEX-3 mission near Andros Island. The retrievals were robust in the face of unknown instrument bias and noise, which introduced a difference between the training data and the flight data. A noise-averaging technique achieved robustness in exchange for a degradation in sensitivity of the retrieval algorithms. Robustness was demonstrated by the retrieval agreement between the microwave and infrared instruments. The theoretical average rms error in relative humidity for the various techniques on the training set was 12% for the microwave estimator, 11% for the infrared, and 10% for a linear regression of the two. In application to two flights, the rms error was 9.4% for the microwave, 7.7% for the infrared, and 7.7% for the combination, based on comparisons with nearby radiosondes.
by Jay Brian Hancock.
S.M.
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Grippa, Manuela. "Retrieval of tropospheric temperature and composition profiles from infrared radiance measurements." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/527.

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Wilson, Christopher Brant. "Measurement of chemical composition and pH profiles near the liquid-vapor interface of aqueous solutions using a unique confocal microscope system /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9840.

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Follette, Melanie Beth. "Classification of northern hemisphere stratospheric ozone and water vapor profiles by meteorological regime validation, climatology, and trends /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/6675.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.
Thesis research directed by: Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Wassenberg, Chris Alan 1959. "Development of a multi-frequency microwave radiometer for the measurement of atmospheric water vapor and temperature profiles." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277271.

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The development of a system capable of continuously monitoring atmospheric brightness temperatures at H₂O and O₂ absorption/emission windows is discussed. Designed for remote (unattended) operation, the system employs radiometric technology and operates at microwave frequencies, thereby achieving essentially all-weather operation. The design, construction and calibration of the radiometer system are described. In addition, some of the physics and mathematics on which the theory of atmospheric radiative transfer is based is presented. Examples of measurements made during the system's first operational performance study is presented along with preliminary calibration calculations. Future work required to refine the measurement and calibration techniques is discussed.
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Lacour, Jean Lionel. "Estimations du profil du rapport isotopique de la vapeur d'eau dans la troposphère à partir de spectres mesurés dans l'infrarouge thermique par le sondeur IASI: méthodologie d'inversion et analyses des premières distributions spatiales." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209151.

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La vapeur d’eau est le principal gaz à effet de serre de l’atmosphère et implique un processus de rétroaction climatique positif qui se traduit par une augmentation importante de l’humidité dans la troposphère dans les prochaines décennies. La vapeur d’eau joue également un rôle primordial dans le système climatique, notamment via le transport d’énergie de l’équateur vers les pôles. Malgré ceci, la compréhension des mécanismes qui contrôlent la distribution de la vapeur d’eau sur le globe reste insuffisante, ce qui se répercute sur les prédictions de l’évolution de notre climat. Depuis quelques années, les observations de la composition isotopique de la vapeur d’eau se sont révélées être particulièrement utiles pour aider à mieux comprendre les processus hydrologiques car les différents isotopologues de la vapeur d’eau (H216O, H218O, HDO) se comportent différemment selon les processus en jeu.

Dans cette perspective, les mesures de radiances du système terre-atmosphère dans l’infrarouge thermique par l’Interféromètre Atmosphérique de Sondage Infrarouge (IASI) à bord de la plateforme météorologique MetOp, peuvent fournir des observations du rapport isotopique δD (rapport HDO/H216O), à l’échelle globale et à haute résolution spatio-temporelle, pour autant que la restitution du rapport puisse être obtenue avec une précision suffisante.

Dans ce travail, nous présentons une méthodologie robuste et précise pour la restitution du profil de δD à partir des spectres IASI. Basée sur la méthode d’estimation optimale, elle consiste à appliquer des contraintes d’inversion adaptées afin d’obtenir des profils de δD fiables. Nous décrivons le choix de celles-ci et nous montrons que la méthode mise en place permet de fournir des profils de δD qui présentent un maximum de sensibilité dans la troposphère libre. L’adéquation de la méthode mise en place est ensuite évaluée grâce à une étude d’inter-comparaison avec des mesures dérivées de l’instrument spatial TES (Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer sur AURA) et FTIR localisés au sol. L’exactitude des profils IASI a aussi pu être déterminée grâce à des comparaisons avec des mesures in situ.

Dans une autre partie du travail, nous nous attachons à préciser les applications liées à l’utilisation des nouvelles mesures dans le domaine des géosciences. Nous documentons ainsi les capacités du sondeur IASI à fournir des mesures de δD à une résolution spatio-temporelle inégalée et décrivons les diverses distributions obtenues. Nous montrons et analysons notamment les premières cartes globales à haute résolution de δD dans la troposphère. Les mesures de δD et de l’humidité sont analysées conjointement à l’aide de modèles simples et permettent de démontrer la plus-value mesures de δD depuis les satellites. Parmi les résultats les plus significatifs, citons la mise en évidence de la signature isotopique des différentes sources de la vapeur d’eau (évaporation continentale/océanique), et celle de l’empreinte des différents processus hydrologiques qui contrôlent l’humidification de l’atmosphère (convection, mélange de masse d’air, ré-évaporation des gouttes de pluie).


Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Li, Chieh, and 李杰. "The Effect of the Water Vapor and Carbon Dioxide on the Radiation Absorption and Temperature Profile in Troposphere." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/z42rd3.

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碩士
國立中山大學
機械與機電工程學系研究所
101
The work on this paper focus on the effect of the water vapor and carbon dioxide on the absorption of atmospheric radiation and the temperature within the troposphere (10km above the ground), which is based on the realistic temperature- and pressure- or concentration-dependent radiative properties. And for simplicity, this model is assumed one-dimension and only concerning about the conduction and radiation. As we know, the earth receives energy from the sun in the form UV, visible light, and near infrared radiation. And virtually all wave below 290 nm is absorbed at tropopause (top of the troposphere), and the wave between 300 nm and 800 nm is weakly absorbed and transmitted into the troposphere. Some of them are absorbed by the land and ocean, about 50%. Then the earth surface radiates the energy back in the form of far infrared thermal radiation, which is mostly absorbed by the atmosphere. Those absorbed far IR thermal radiation is re-radiated both upwards and downwards, and the downwards part is absorbed by the earth surface, which leads to a raising temperature. As a result, the influence of water vapor and carbon dioxide on global warming is growing day by day. Although the water vapor absorbs most of the infrared emitted by the ground, yet it got a shorter period about 8 days. Comparing to that, the concentration of carbon dioxide is increasing gradually since the industry revolution due to the anthropogenic emission like burning fossil fuel and deforestation .That’s why recent surveys of global warming all list Carbon dioxide as the main greenhouse gases. The computed results in this work quantitatively show that water vapor and carbon dioxide play an important role on affecting the temperature difference about 2 to 5 Celsius degree and therefore remind us of taking notice of the global warming.
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Wu, Xiaohua. "Short-range precipitation forecasts using assimilation of simulated satellite water vapor profiles and cloud liquid water." 1993. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/31455677.html.

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Carlson, Grant Stuart. "Mesoscale water vapor profiles from VAS an evaluation of two physical retrieval methods /." 1988. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/18365299.html.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1988.
Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 96-102).
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Books on the topic "Water vapor profile"

1

Oltmans, Samuel J. Water vapor profiles for Washington, DC; Boulder, CO; Palestine, TX; Laramie, WY; and Fairbanks, AK; during the period 1974 to 1985. Silver Spring, Md: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, Air Resources Laboratory, 1986.

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Oltmans, Samuel J. Water vapor profiles for Washington, DC; Boulder, CO; Palestine, TX; Laramie, WY; and Fairbanks, AK; during the period 1974 to 1985. Silver Spring, Md: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, Air Resources Laboratory, 1986.

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Oltmans, Samuel J. Water vapor profiles for Washington, DC; Boulder, CO; Palestine, TX; Laramie, WY; and Fairbanks, AK; during the period 1974 to 1985. Silver Spring, Md: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, Air Resources Laboratory, 1986.

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Environmental Research Laboratories (U.S.), ed. Water vapor profiles for Boulder, Colorado, and Pago Pago, American Samoa during the period 1986-1989. Boulder, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, 1990.

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Environmental Research Laboratories (U.S.), ed. Water vapor profiles for Boulder, Colorado, and Pago Pago, American Samoa during the period 1986-1989. Boulder, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, 1990.

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Water vapor profiles for Boulder, Colorado, and Pago Pago, American Samoa during the period 1986-1989. Boulder, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Water vapor profile"

1

Nakanishi, Tomoko M. "Water-Specific Imaging." In Novel Plant Imaging and Analysis, 3–37. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4992-6_1.

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AbstractOur first target was water, namely, how to obtain a water-specific image nondestructively. Using a neutron beam, we could visualize water-specific images of plants, including roots and flowers, which were never shown before. Each image suggested the plant-specific activity related to water.We briefly present how to acquire the image and what kind of water image is taken by neutron beam irradiation. We present a variety of plant samples, such as flowers, seeds, and wood disks. It was noted that neutrons could visualize the roots imbedded in soil without uprooting. When a spatial image of the root imbedded in soil was created from many projection images, the water profile around the root was analyzed. Then, fundamental questions were raised, such as whether plants are absorbing water solution or water vapor from the soil, because there was always a space adjacent to the root surface and hardly any water solution was visualized there. The roots are in constant motion during growth, known as circumnutation, and it is natural that the root tip is always pushing the soil aside to produce space for the root to grow. If the roots are absorbing water vapor, then the next question is about metals. Are the roots absorbing metal vapor? Since we tended to employ water culture to study the physiological activity of plants, the physiological study of the plants growing in soil was somewhat neglected. Later, when we could develop a system to visualize the movement of element absorption in a plant, there was a clear difference in element absorption between water culture and soil culture.
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Balin, Ioan, Gilles Larchevêque, Philippe Quaglia, Valentin Simeonov, Hubert Van Den Bergh, and Bertrand Calpini. "Water vapor vertical profile by Raman lidar in the free troposphere from the Jungfraujoch Alpine Station." In Advances in Global Change Research, 123–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47983-4_7.

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Mapes, Brian, Arunchandra S. Chandra, Zhiming Kuang, and Paquita Zuidema. "Importance Profiles for Water Vapor." In Space Sciences Series of ISSI, 183–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77273-8_9.

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Murcray, D. G., A. Goldman, J. Kosters, R. Zander, W. Evans, N. Louisnard, C. Alamichel, et al. "Intercomparison of Stratospheric Water Vapor Profiles Obtained During the Balloon Intercomparison Campaign." In Atmospheric Ozone, 144–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5313-0_29.

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Gerding, Michael, and Antje Weisheimer. "Validation of Water Vapour Profiles from GPS Radio Occultations in the Arctic." In First CHAMP Mission Results for Gravity, Magnetic and Atmospheric Studies, 441–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-38366-6_60.

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Nehrir, Amin R., Christoph Kiemle, Mathew D. Lebsock, Gottfried Kirchengast, Stefan A. Buehler, Ulrich Löhnert, Cong-Liang Liu, Peter C. Hargrave, Maria Barrera-Verdejo, and David M. Winker. "Emerging Technologies and Synergies for Airborne and Space-Based Measurements of Water Vapor Profiles." In Space Sciences Series of ISSI, 273–310. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77273-8_13.

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Stiller, Gabriele Petra, Tilman Steck, Mathias Milz, Thomas von Clarmann, Udo Grabowski, and Herbert Fischer. "Approach to the Cross-Validation of MIPAS and CHAMP Temperature and Water Vapour Profiles." In First CHAMP Mission Results for Gravity, Magnetic and Atmospheric Studies, 551–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-38366-6_75.

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Palm, Stephen P., Denise Hagan, Geary Schwemmer, and S. H. Melfi. "Inference of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Water Vapor and Temperature Profiles over the Ocean Using Airborne Lidar Data." In Advances in Atmospheric Remote Sensing with Lidar, 39–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60612-0_10.

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Kaimal, J. C., and J. J. Finnigan. "Flow Over Plant Canopies." In Atmospheric Boundary Layer Flows. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195062397.003.0006.

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Any land surface that receives regular rainfall is almost certain to be covered by vegetation. Most of the inhabitable regions of the globe fall into this category. Often the vegetation is tall enough to call into question the assumption, implicit in the discussion of the first two chapters, that the roughness elements on the ground surface are much lower than any observation height of interest to us. In fact, if we venture to make measurements too close to tall vegetation, we discover significant departures from many of the scaling laws and formulas that seem to work in the surface layer above the canopy. To take one example, momentum is absorbed from the wind not just at the ground surface but through the whole depth of the canopy as aerodynamic drag on the plants. Consequently, although we still observe a logarithmic velocity profile well above the canopy, its apparent origin has moved to a level z = d near the top of the plants. The precise position of this “displacement height,” d, depends on the way the drag force is distributed through the foliage and this in turn depends on the structure of the mean wind and turbulence within the canopy. Our interest in the nature of within-canopy turbulence, however, is not motivated solely by its influence on the surface layer above. The understanding of turbulent transfer within foliage canopies provides the intellectual underpinning for the physical aspects of agricultural meteorology. As such it has a history almost as venerable as investigations of the surface layer itself. The landmark study of Weather in Wheat by Penman and Long (1960) was the first of a series of seminal papers to establish the quantitative link between the turbulent fluxes in a canopy and the physiological sources and sinks of heat, water vapor, and carbon dioxide (CO2). Prominent and influential among these early publications were those by Uchijima (1962), Denmead (1964), Brown and Covey (1966), and Lemon and Wright (1969). Whereas these authors were motivated by curiosity about plant physiology and the transfer of water and other scalars through the soil-plant-air continuum, other workers forged the link between the classical surface layer studies detailed in Chapter 1 and the structure of within-canopy turbulence.
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Kandra, Ranju, and Sunil Bajpai. "Wound Dressing Application of Ch/CD Nanocomposite Film." In Chitin and Chitosan - Physicochemical Properties and Industrial Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95107.

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In this work, carbon dots (CDs), obtained through microwave assisted synthesis from butane tetra carboxylic acid (BTCA), was introduced into chitosan film via simple solvent casting approach. The CDs had an average diameter of 40 to 60 nm as determined by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis. They possessed a zeta potential of −20.2 mV. The X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed presence of carboxylate groups on the surface of carbon dots. The XRD of both the plain sample Ch/CD (0) and carbon dots loaded sample Ch/CD(2) showed two crystalline sharp peaks at 14.6 and 18.1 degree, along with presence of amorphous region also. The moisture absorption data was well fitted on GAB isotherm and the profiles obtained were sigmoidal. The water vapor permeation rates for the sample Ch/CD(0) and Ch/CD(2) were found to be 1758 and 956 g/m2 /day respectively. The film samples Ch/CD(0) and Ch/CD(20 expanded 2.8 and 103 times when immersed in 4% gelatin solution for 4 h. The % hemolysis for the samples Ch/CD(0) and Ch/CD(2) was 2.12 and 1.11 respectively, thus indicating biocompatible nature of the films. In the ex-vivo mucoadhesion study, the maximum detachment force (Fmax) was 88.22 and 46.28 mN for the samples Ch/CD(0) and Ch/CD(2) respectively. Finally, both of the samples, namely Ch/CD (0) and Ch/CD(2) scored “0”, suggesting their non-cell cytotoxic nature.
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Conference papers on the topic "Water vapor profile"

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De Feis, Italia, Alberta M. Lubrano, Guido Masiello, and Carmine Serio. "Simultaneous temperature and water vapor profile from IASI radiances." In Europto Remote Sensing, edited by Jaqueline E. Russell, Klaus Schaefer, and Olga Lado-Bordowsky. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.413855.

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Valtr, Pavel, Pavel Pechac, and Martin Grabner. "Water vapor density profile statistics in the atmospheric boundary layer." In 2017 11th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/eucap.2017.7928173.

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"Profile of ammonia and water vapor in an Irish broiler production house." In 2016 ASABE International Meeting. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20162461252.

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Pougatchev, Nikita, Thomas August, Xavier Calbet, Tim Hultberg, Osoji Oduleye, Peter Schlüssel, Bernd Stiller, Karen St. Germain, and Gail Bingham. "Validation of the IASI temperature and water vapor profile retrievals by correlative radiosondes." In Optical Engineering + Applications, edited by James J. Butler and Jack Xiong. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.795382.

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Migliorini, Stefano, Stefano Nativi, and Dino Giuli. "Water vapor and cloud liquid water effective profile retrievals over the sea using TRMM microwave imager (TMI)." In Remote Sensing, edited by Jaqueline E. Russell. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.373058.

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Cuccoli, Fabrizio, Simone Tanelli, Luca Facheris, Stefano Migliorini, and Dino Giuli. "Microwave attenuation measurements in satellite-ground links: spectral analysis for water vapor profile retrieval." In SPIE's International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation, edited by Michael C. Roggemann and Luc R. Bissonnette. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.363618.

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Zhao, Yili, Yubao Chen, Bai Li, Chuntao Chen, Jianhua Zhu, and Xiaoqi Huang. "A study on detecting water vapor profile using ground based microwave radiometer and cloud radar." In 2017 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2017.8128044.

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Di Paola, F., A. Cersosimo, D. Cimini, D. Gallucci, S. Gentile, E. Geraldi, S. T. Nilo, E. Ricciardelli, F. Romano, and M. Viggiano. "Retrieval of Temperature and Water Vapor Vertical Profile from ATMS Measurements with Random Forests Technique." In IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2018.8518198.

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Blankenship, Clay B. "Validation of AMSU-B water vapor profile retrievals with GOES infrared observations in the 6.5-micron band." In Fourth International Asia-Pacific Environmental Remote Sensing Symposium 2004: Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Ocean, Environment, and Space, edited by Gail Skofronick Jackson and Seiho Uratsuka. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.578956.

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Cuccol, Fabrizio, and Luca Facheris. "Multi-band NDSA measurements between two counter-rotating LEO satellites for estimating the tropospheric water vapor profile." In IGARSS 2010 - 2010 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2010.5649261.

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Reports on the topic "Water vapor profile"

1

Jensen, M., and D. Troyan. Continuous Water Vapor Profiles for the Fixed Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Sites. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/948517.

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Edgeworth R. Westwater and Yong Han. Progress report of FY 1998 activities: The application of Kalman filtering to derive water vapor profiles from combined ground-based sensors: Raman lidar, microwave radiometers, GPS, and radiosondes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/762790.

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Edgeworth R. Westwater and Yong Han. Progress report of FY 1997 activities: The application of Kalman filtering to derive water vapor profiles from combined ground-based sensors: Raman lidar, microwave radiometers, GPS, and radiosondes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/762791.

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Edgeworth R. Westwater and Yong Han. Progress report of FY 1999 activities: The application of Kalman filtering to derive water vapor profiles from combined ground-based sensors: Raman lidar, microwave radiometers, GPS, and radiosondes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/762789.

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