Journal articles: 'Water utilities – Accounting'

1

lo Storto, Corrado. "Performance Evaluation of Water Services in Italy: A Meta-Frontier Approach Accounting for Regional Heterogeneities." Water 14, no. 18 (September 15, 2022): 2882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14182882.

Full text

Abstract:

Data relative to the water services industry in Italy indicate that there is a serious infrastructure gap between the southern regions and isles and the rest of the country. In these geographical areas, water utilities are provided with substantial public grants from the central and local governments to support investments necessary to mitigate the infrastructure divide by increasing capacity and improve service quality. This paper implements a meta-frontier non-parametric approach based on a data envelopment analysis (DEA) to evaluate the efficiencies of 71 Italian water utilities, accounting for the differentiated contexts in which they operate. A short-term perspective was assumed to estimate efficiency, considering the production factors associated with the infrastructure assets as non-discretionary inputs in the specification of the meta-frontier model. The results showed that water utilities operating in the southern regions and isles suffer from an efficiency gap in comparison to those in the northern and central regions. The average efficiency gap was 9.7%, achieving 24.9% in the worst case. Moreover, a more in-depth analysis focusing on the water utilities in the southern regions and isles indicated that scale inefficiencies might be an important determinant of such an efficiency gap. Indeed, slightly more than 69% of the water utilities operated at increasing returns to scale. Evidence from this study raises concern about the appropriate structure of the Italian water service industry and, particularly, the optimal size of the utilities and the financial sustainability of water services in the southern regions and isles.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Pawsey, Nicholas, Jayanath Ananda, and Zahirul Hoque. "Rationality, accounting and benchmarking water businesses." International Journal of Public Sector Management 31, no. 3 (April 9, 2018): 290–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpsm-04-2017-0124.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the sensitivity of economic efficiency rankings of water businesses to the choice of alternative physical and accounting capital input measures. Design/methodology/approach Data envelopment analysis (DEA) was used to compute efficiency rankings for government-owned water businesses from the state of Victoria, Australia, over the period 2005/2006 through 2012/2013. Differences between DEA models when capital inputs were measured using either: statutory accounting values (historic cost and fair value), physical measures, or regulatory accounting values, were scrutinised. Findings Depending on the choice of capital input, significant variation in efficiency scores and the ranking of the top (worst) performing firms was observed. Research limitations/implications Future research may explore the generalisability of findings to a wider sample of water utilities globally. Future work can also consider the most reliable treatment of capital inputs in efficiency analysis. Practical implications Regulators should be cautious when using economic efficiency data in benchmarking exercises. A consistent approach to account for the capital stock is needed in the determination of price caps and designing incentives for poor performers. Originality/value DEA has been widely used to explore the role of ownership structure, firm size and regulation on water utility efficiency. This is the first study of its kind to explore the sensitivity of DEA to alternative physical and accounting capital input measures. This research also improves the conventional performance measurement in water utilities by using a bootstrap procedure to address the deterministic nature of the DEA approach.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Picazo-Tadeo, Andrés J., Francisco González-Gómez, and Francisco J. Sáez-Fernández. "Accounting for operating environments in measuring water utilities’ managerial efficiency." Service Industries Journal 29, no. 6 (June 2009): 761–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02642060802190300.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Romano, Giulia, Lucio Masserini, and Andrea Guerrini. "Does water utilities' ownership matter in water pricing policy? An analysis of endogenous and environmental determinants of water tariffs in Italy." Water Policy 17, no. 5 (February 28, 2015): 918–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2015.016.

Full text

Abstract:

Owing to the growing importance of efficient water management, it has become crucial to understand water utilities' characteristics and the environmental factors affecting water pricing, so as to provide guidance to policy-makers. The analysis of factors influencing water tariffs is a challenging task in a context in which companies providing the service are characterized by different ownership features. Moreover, environmental factors and companies' characteristics may simultaneously influence both the decision to privatize the service and the water tariff level. Using a treatment effects model, where privatization is considered as an endogenous binary treatment variable, this paper analyzes whether and how certain relevant variables affect the tariffs levied by water utilities in Italy. The results show that higher tariffs are set in order to cover a greater amount of investments; furthermore, abundant water availability, measured by the average annual rainfall, significantly reduces prices. The data surprisingly show that tariffs are higher where the income level is lower. Significantly, after accounting for the endogeneity due to the fact that water firms are not randomly distributed between totally publicly or not totally publicly owned, our results seem to suggest that ownership does not influence the tariffs levied by water utilities.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Serov, Dmitry. "Information technologies implementation for reducing water losses in water supply systems." E3S Web of Conferences 164 (2020): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016401005.

Full text

Abstract:

The article discusses the elements of an automated system for collecting, storing and transmitting data on water consumption, modern metering devices, data collection and transmission devices. The author analyzes the shortcomings of existing accounting and analysis automation systems at Russian water utilities. A comprehensive approach to automated systems in the field of water consumption accounting is proposed. The article considers the experience of the State unitary enterprise “Vodokanal of Saint Petersburg” in the sphere development and application of a single automated complex for diagnostics, monitoring and management of the water supply network. The goals and main functions of the complex are revealed, the main stages and results of its implementation are presented.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Katko, Tapio S., and Riikka P. Rajala. "Book Review: Time for Customer Orientation in Water Utilities Customer experience management for water utilities. Marketing urban water supply." Public Works Management & Policy 24, no. 2 (January 2, 2019): 228–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087724x18820014.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Banovec, P., and P. Domadenik. "Paying too much or too little? Pricing approaches in the case of cross-border water supply." Water Supply 18, no. 2 (July 6, 2017): 577–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2017.126.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Cross-border drinking water supply is often a solution for the emerging water crisis, related also to climate changes, but in several cases also a historical legacy of changing borders. It is challenged by the increased complexity of water supply management, mainly because of the doubled reality of administrative, legal, accounting and decision-making processes. Analyzed water pricing of existing cross-border utilities clearly demonstrates applied water pricing approaches mainly based on pure negotiation principles demonstrating different and often heavily asymmetric bargaining positions of partners. In order to overcome this situation applicable water pricing principles are presented. The model is demonstrated on real business cases of three water utilities from Central and South East Europe, but similar concepts are applicable for drinking water transfer between regions or municipalities in other countries.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Cunha Marques, R., and A. J. Monteiro. "Application of performance indicators to control losses - results from the Portuguese water sector." Water Supply 3, no. 1-2 (March 1, 2003): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2003.0095.

Full text

Abstract:

More and more the problem of water losses and leakages in water supply systems is becoming important in the management of water utilities. No matter how developed a country is, there is a growing and general awareness of this subject. Among the several motivations that contribute to this growing concern are, without doubt, the shortage of resources availability in several water supply systems on the one hand and, on the other hand, the economic value of the volume of water lost. Portugal is no exception. In recent years, there has been some dynamism in the sector in the accounting, control, leakages and loss detection, mainly in the biggest systems. This paper presents an approach to the control of water leakages and losses through the setting of performance indicators that allow the evaluation and characterization of the management entity for this aspect. Some results of those indicators will also be described here, as well as their application to several Portuguese water utilities and the assessment methodology of the results obtained. This paper also puts into evidence expressions and correlation curves between the different indicators and factors that directly or indirectly interfere in the result of the water utilities’ performance with relation to the water losses and leakages presented.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Abdel-Mottaleb, Noha, Payman Ghasemi Saghand, Mathews J. Wakhungu, Hadi Charkhgard, E. Christian Wells, and Qiong Zhang. "Identifying Critical Isolation Valves in a Water Distribution Network: A Socio-Technical Approach." Water 14, no. 21 (November 7, 2022): 3587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14213587.

Full text

Abstract:

Isolation valves are critical for the reliable functioning of water distribution networks (WDNs). However, it is challenging for utilities to prioritize valve rehabilitation and replacement given it is often unclear if certain valves are operable in a given WDN. This study uses the Gomory–Hu tree of the segment-valve representation (or dual representation) of WDNs to obtain the logical implications of inoperable valves (i.e., which segments should be isolated and merged unnecessarily due to valve inoperability). Multi-objective optimization is then used to identify the critical valves based on selected attributes (e.g., social vulnerability, flow volume) of segments that would be unnecessarily isolated as a result. This study developed three multi-objective formulations: first, deterministic; second, accounting for uncertainty; and third, accounting for both uncertainty and the likelihood of failure of pipes within segments. Identified critical valves are compared between the three developed formulations and a method considering only a single objective. Results demonstrated that multi-objective optimization provided additional information which can be used to discern valve importance for utilities in comparison with using a single objective. Further, though there was overlap between the results from the three formulations, the third formulation provided the most insight without overwhelming decision-makers with a large number of identified valves.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Honey-Rosés, Jordi, and Claudio Pareja. "Percent Change as a Measure of Price Escalation in Water and Energy Utilities." Public Works Management & Policy 24, no. 2 (January 13, 2019): 213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087724x18822587.

Full text

Abstract:

We advance the idea of using percent billing changes as a simple measure of price escalation. This simple yet underused metric may help evaluate rate structure design in public utilities. We illustrate how price escalation may generate useful insight for utility managers by analyzing rate structures from water utilities in British Columbia, Canada. We observe that increasing block rates may send weaker relative price signals to users than a simple constant unit charge, and that low volume users tend to receive the strongest relative price signals. Measuring price escalation may also allow one to quantify the distortions generated by fixed charges. We conclude that analysts may find it useful to include measures of price escalation in their portfolio of metrics to evaluate rate structures in energy and water utilities.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Buckland, Roger, and Patricia Fraser. "Political and Regulatory Risk in Water Utilities: Beta Sensitivity in the United Kingdom." Journal of Business Finance Accounting 28, no. 7&8 (September 2001): 877–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-5957.00397.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Saidan, Motasem, Hussam J. Khasawneh, Hassan Aboelnga, Sureyya Meric, Ioannis Kalavrouziotis, Al sharifa H. Jasem, Bassam O. Hayek, Salam Al-Momany, Mohammad Al Malla, and Jose C. Porro. "Baseline carbon emission assessment in water utilities in Jordan using ECAM tool." Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 68, no. 6 (July 25, 2019): 460–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2019.040.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract This study presents a baseline assessment of carbon emissions in water utilities in Madaba, Jordan. The Energy Performance and Carbon Emissions Assessment and Monitoring Tool (ECAM) is applied in the present study in order to reduce indirect and direct emissions. Input data for the assessment included inter alia, population, water volumes, energy consumption, and type of wastewater treatment. The methodology focuses on the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy use that is directly associated with the utility operations covering the whole water cycle. The ECAM's Quick Assessment revealed that 89.7% of the energy is consumed in abstraction and distribution systems of water supply, whereas wastewater collection, treatment, and discharge consumed only 10.3% in Madaba. The detailed ECAM tool assessment results showed that total GHG emissions from the entire water and wastewater system in Madaba are approximately 28.122 million kg CO2/year. The water supply is the major contributor to GHG accounting for 62.4%, while 37.6% of GHG emissions result from sewage treatment, and are associated with treatment process requirements considered in this work, in addition to sludge transport from septic tanks to the wastewater treatment plant. The findings of this work can help the utility to undertake energy efficiency and GHG reduction measures.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Heino, Ossi, Tapio S. Katko, and Pekka E. Pietilä. "Tighter Contracts or More Trust? Outsourcing in Finnish Water Utilities." Public Works Management & Policy 20, no. 4 (July 2, 2014): 360–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087724x14538237.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Vinnari, Eija M., and Salme Näsi. "CREATIVE ACCRUAL ACCOUNTING IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR: ‘MILKING’ WATER UTILITIES TO BALANCE MUNICIPAL BUDGETS AND ACCOUNTS." Financial Accountability & Management 24, no. 2 (May 2008): 97–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0408.2008.00448.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Schein, Jonah, Peter Chan, Yuting Chen, Camilla Dunham, Heidi Fuchs, Virginie Letschert, Michael McNeil, et al. "Methodology for the national water savings models– indoor residential and commercial/institutional products, and outdoor residential products." Water Supply 19, no. 3 (July 19, 2018): 879–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2018.136.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Since 2006, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has operated WaterSense® in partnership with manufacturers, utilities, and consumer groups. Similar to EPA's ENERGY STAR® role for energy-efficient products, WaterSense® employs a labeling system to identify water-efficient products, homes, and services. As of 2015, the WaterSense® program can claim credit for a total savings of 1.5 trillion gallons of water and $32.6 billion in consumer water and energy bills. Savings are tracked in the National Water Savings (NWS) model that combines innovative analyses with methodologies established in the energy sector. Merging life-cycle cost and national impact analysis models, the NWS model estimates savings from a bottom-up accounting method for individual products. The model extends those savings to the national level by employing parameters such as frequency of product use by number of people and building type, product lifetime, stock accounting, and market saturation. The NWS model tracks the water and consumer monetary savings of WaterSense-labeled products for residential and commercial water use both indoors and out.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Amoatey, P. K., R. Minke, and H. Steinmetz. "Leakage estimation in developing country water networks based on water balance, minimum night flow and component analysis methods." Water Practice and Technology 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2018.005.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Estimating leakage in developing countries’ water networks is challenging as accurate records are needed. Three leakage estimation methods were compared to ascertain which was most suitable for such networks. The factors accounting for the differences in application of these methods to water networks were also ascertained. The water balance and component analysis methods were compared with the modified minimum night flow (MNF) method. The MNF method was modified to make it suitable for networks in developing countries. In the comparison, leakage was estimated at 10 and 18%, respectively, against 11% for the modified MNF. The latter is considered the most suitable for developing countries as all parameters are determined or estimated from field measurements. It was realized that burst flow rates and the infrastructure condition factor used in the water balance and component analysis methods affect the accuracy of leakage estimates. This has implications for further research, as well as policy and practice for developing countries’ water utilities.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Antoniou, A., D. G. Barr, and R. Priestley. "Abnormal stock returns and public policy: the case of the UK privatised electricity and water utilities." International Journal of Finance & Economics 5, no. 2 (April 2000): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1158(200004)5:2<93::aid-ijfe124>3.0.co;2-t.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Дмитриева, Е. Ю., В. А. Терещенко, and А. С. Шляхтун. "Experience and prospects of using the laboratory information system in testing laboratories of municipal water utilities." Vodosnabzhenie i sanitarnaia tehnika, no. 1 (January 18, 2021): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35776/vst.2021.01.02.

Full text

Abstract:

Задача подтверждения высокого уровня качества проводимых исследований ставит аналитические лаборатории водоканалов перед необходимостью прохождения периодических аттестаций на соответствие требованиям государственных и международных стандартов (обновленный ГОСТ ИСО/МЭК 17025-2019 и др.), предполагающих внедрение в аналитическую практику внутрилабораторного контроля (ВЛК), системы менеджмента качества (СМК), прохождение процедур межлабораторных сличительных испытаний (МСИ). Как следствие, существенно увеличивается нагрузка на персонал лаборатории, снижается эффективность труда инженеров и лаборантов, возрастают затраты на лабораторную деятельность. В качестве пути оптимизации деятельности лаборатории рассматривается использование лабораторных информационных систем (ЛИС, ЛИМС) – программных средств автоматизации бизнес-процессов, позволяющих комплексно решать задачи аккредитованных лабораторий и повышать эффективность их работы просто и прозрачно. Примером таких информационных систем является ЛИС «Химик-Аналитик», уже более 20 лет успешно применяемая в лабораториях водоканалов по всей России. На сегодняшний день ЛИС удовлетворяет практически все потребности аккредитованных лабораторий: внесение результатов анализа (в том числе напрямую с оборудования) и их метрологическая обработка в соответствии с требованиями нормативной документации, формирование отчетных документов, учет товарно-материальных ценностей с возможностью интеграции с бухгалтерскими системами учета, ведение журналов СМК, составление рабочих планов и формирование заданий. Доступ к документам ЛИС и построение градуировочных характеристик возможен через web-сервисы. ЛИС доступна в различных вариантах комплектации, минимальным из которых является программный продукт «ЛИС для ВЛК». The task of confirming the high level of quality of the conducted research places analytical laboratories of water utilities before the need of being certified for compliance with the requirements of the state and international standards (updated GOST ISO/IEC 17025-2019, etc.), involving the introduction of an intralaboratory control (IC), a quality management system (QMS), passing the procedures of interlaboratory comparative tests (ICT). As a result, the workload on the laboratory personnel significantly increases, the efficiency of the work of engineers and laboratory assistants declines, the costs of the laboratory activities increase. The use of laboratory information systems (LIS, LIMS), i. e. software tools for the automation of business processes that provide for the comprehensive solution of the tasks of accredited laboratories is considered as a way to optimize the laboratory's activities; and it is simple and transparent to increase the efficiency of their activities. An example of such information systems is LIS «Khimik-Analitik» that has been successfully cooperating with the laboratories of water utilities throughout Russia for more than 20 years. Today, LIS meets almost all the requirements to the accredited laboratories, i. e. entering the results of analysis (including directly from the equipment) and their metrological processing in accordance with the requirements of the regulatory documents, compiling report documents, accounting of inventory items with possible integration with accounting systems, maintaining QMS journals, drawing up route plans and job setup. The access to LIS documents and development of calibration characteristics is possible through web services. LIS is available in various configuration options, the minimum of which is LIS for IC software product.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Pinera, Jean‐François, and Robert A. Reed. "Maximizing aid benefits after urban disasters through partnerships with local water sector utilities." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 16, no. 3 (June 26, 2007): 401–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09653560710758350.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Kerf, Michel, and Elisa Muzzini. "Private Operation of Water Utilities and Public Asset Holding Companies – Winning Combination or Losing Battle?" Competition and Regulation in Network Industries 8, no. 2 (June 2007): 117–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/178359170700800202.

Full text

Abstract:

Several African governments, like others throughout the world, have been experimenting for some time with private sector participation in the provision of water supply and sanitation services. Some of these governments, though not all, decided to establish asset holding companies, in an effort to facilitate the transition to private participation. Those asset holding companies are state-owned entities entrusted with exclusive or partial responsibility for one or more of the following tasks: (i) owning infrastructure assets; (ii) planning and financing investments in the water supply and sanitation sector; (Hi) regulating the activities of the private operator; and (iv) promoting public acceptance of private sector participation in the sector. The present paper discusses a number of African experiences with private sector participation in water supply and sanitation – some of which involved the creation of such asset holding companies and some of which did not – in an attempt to shed light on the pros and cons of establishing asset holding companies in the context of water supply and sanitation reform. The paper concludes that asset holding companies might have a comparative advantage only with respect to one of the functions listed above – the planning and financing of investments – and then only in some specific circumstances.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Hassanein, Amr A. G., and Reham A. Khalifa. "Financial and operational performance indicators applied to public and private water and wastewater utilities." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 14, no. 5 (September 11, 2007): 479–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09699980710780773.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Charalambous, Bambos. "Use of district metered areas coupled with pressure optimisation to reduce leakage." Water Supply 8, no. 1 (April 1, 2008): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2008.030.

Full text

Abstract:

Water shortage and the future threat posed by changing climatic conditions has intensified the need for the development of appropriate water management approaches, which aim at keeping a balance between water supply and demand. Losses from water distribution systems must be of concern to every water utility, especially in areas of our planet where water is found in very limited quantities. It is therefore imperative that water utilities apply simple and effective methodologies in accounting for water losses from their transmission and distribution systems. The Water Loss Task Force (WLTF) of the International Water Association (IWA) has established a water audit method, which traces water from its source right through the system and derives at the end the revenue and non-revenue component, in other words is a methodology for water accountability and an integrated approach to water loss control. The Water Board of Lemesos, Cyprus recognised at a very early stage the importance and significance of establishing a proper water audit system and has over the years developed its infrastructure in such a way in order to be able to account efficiently and accurately for all water produced. Reduction and control of water loss was achieved through the application of a holistic strategy based on the approach developed by the WLTF of the IWA. Integral part of this approach is the establishment and operation of DMAs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Kholmogorova, N. V., and M. B. Uage. "LEGAL PROTECTION OF WATER BODIES IN MUNICIPALITIES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF IZHEVSK, UDMURT REPUBLIC)." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Economics and Law 32, no. 2 (April 8, 2022): 385–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9593-2022-32-2-385-389.

Full text

Abstract:

The article reveals the main problematic issues related to the legal protection of water bodies. It is indicated that the protection of water bodies is defined in the water legislation as a system of measures aimed at the conservation and restoration of water bodies. The authors note that this system provides for monitoring and state accounting of water bodies, as well as control (supervision) over their use, bringing to justice those responsible for violations. The article describes the main surface water bodies located on the territory of the city of Izhevsk. It is noted that in relation to surface water bodies owned by municipalities, measures for the protection of surface water bodies are carried out by local self-government bodies. The paper investigates individual environmental problems of reservoirs and watercourses of the city of Izhevsk, as a result of which there is a degradation of natural communities and a violation of the processes of self-purification of rivers. Basically, the sources of pollution and clogging are considered to be objects that discharge or otherwise supply harmful substances to water bodies (industrial enterprises, utilities, agricultural enterprises, etc.). It is concluded that the implementation of all measures for the protection of water bodies is aimed at implementing the basic principle of water legislation - the priority of protecting water bodies over their use.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Kholmogorova, N. V., and M. B. Uage. "LEGAL PROTECTION OF WATER BODIES IN MUNICIPALITIES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF IZHEVSK, UDMURT REPUBLIC)." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Economics and Law 32, no. 2 (April 8, 2022): 385–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9593-2022-32-2-385-389.

Full text

Abstract:

The article reveals the main problematic issues related to the legal protection of water bodies. It is indicated that the protection of water bodies is defined in the water legislation as a system of measures aimed at the conservation and restoration of water bodies. The authors note that this system provides for monitoring and state accounting of water bodies, as well as control (supervision) over their use, bringing to justice those responsible for violations. The article describes the main surface water bodies located on the territory of the city of Izhevsk. It is noted that in relation to surface water bodies owned by municipalities, measures for the protection of surface water bodies are carried out by local self-government bodies. The paper investigates individual environmental problems of reservoirs and watercourses of the city of Izhevsk, as a result of which there is a degradation of natural communities and a violation of the processes of self-purification of rivers. Basically, the sources of pollution and clogging are considered to be objects that discharge or otherwise supply harmful substances to water bodies (industrial enterprises, utilities, agricultural enterprises, etc.). It is concluded that the implementation of all measures for the protection of water bodies is aimed at implementing the basic principle of water legislation - the priority of protecting water bodies over their use.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

MacDonald, Morgan Callender, Luke Juran, Sekar Srinivasan, Jincy Jose, Syed Imran Ali, Prema Rajagopalan, and Kevin Hall. "Assessing Participant Compliance With Point-of-Use Water Treatment: An Exploratory Investigation." Public Works Management & Policy 23, no. 2 (December 9, 2017): 150–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087724x17745083.

Full text

Abstract:

Field studies on household water treatment and safe storage (HWTS) suggest that positive health outcomes are strongly linked to user compliance. We investigated factors that influenced compliance in a marginalized community of South India where residents worked with researchers to develop a water treatment intervention in absence of government water utilities. Survey and water quality data were collected during a 12-month randomized controlled trial of 124 households. Data were used to construct indices for social, technical, and institutional predictors of compliance including technological effectiveness, gender, community capacity, perceived benefit, and inherent demand. Perceived benefit was the only parameter to be significantly associated with compliance. Households in which participants had “very high” levels of perceived benefit were over 4 times more likely to comply with instructions on water treatment and maintenance with the HWTS. These findings suggest that compliance, and therefore disease prevention, can be improved by enhancing perceived benefit to the user.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Allen, Thomas R., Thomas Crawford, Burrell Montz, Jessica Whitehead, Susan Lovelace, Armon D. Hanks, Ariel R. Christensen, and Gregory D. Kearney. "Linking Water Infrastructure, Public Health, and Sea Level Rise: Integrated Assessment of Flood Resilience in Coastal Cities." Public Works Management & Policy 24, no. 1 (September 29, 2018): 110–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087724x18798380.

Full text

Abstract:

Coastal community water infrastructure is increasingly vulnerable to climate-sensitive coastal hazards. Tides, storm surges, rainfall, and salt intrusion affect infrastructure and human health. In case studies of Charleston, South Carolina, and Morehead City, North Carolina, USA, this project sought to advance risk assessment of urban water and wastewater infrastructure and identify linkages to human health impacts as risk evolves with sea level rise. The methodology integrates community infrastructure, health care, emergency resources, geospatial simulation, and a tabletop exercise with planners, emergency managers, public utilities, and health care providers. Resilience is assessed by community participants using interactive online maps, susceptibility indices, and a resilience matrix. Results highlight differential vulnerability, population susceptibility, and elevation uncertainty. We observe similar trends of increasing magnitude, frequency, and impact of flood events on water infrastructure and public health as sea level rises. Implications for tackling challenges across sectors are highlighted for improving coastal resilience.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Thomas, Steve. "Is the ideal of independent regulation appropriate? Evidence from the United Kingdom." Competition and Regulation in Network Industries 20, no. 3 (March 25, 2019): 218–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1783591719836875.

Full text

Abstract:

The liberalization of utilities has generally led to the creation of an economic regulator, nominally independent of government. The United Kingdom, as a pioneer of this process, has more than 30 years of experience with independent regulators. However, by 2019, the three main regulated utilities in the United Kingdom, energy, water and rail, were in disarray with a combination of high prices, poor service and a failure to achieve the goals of competition set at the time of the reforms. Government, the companies and the regulators must all bear the blame for this situation. We focus on the regulator in this article and argue that there a number of factors behind their failings including a concentration on economic issues to the detriment of other issues such as environment and public welfare, a lack of public accountability and a poor culture in the regulators based on a view that regulatory interventions were always counterproductive. Given that regulators are appointed by government and funded by Parliamentary vote, the claim of independence is not credible and there are circumstances when government should be able to overrule regulators in the broader public interest. We suggest that expanding the range of skills among the regulatory decision makers, regular rigorous Parliamentary scrutiny and a much stronger focus on the attributes consumers require – affordability, reliability and sustainability – rather than the current obsession with competition would improve the regulators’ performance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Morozov, A. O., V. P. Klymenko, O. V. Gedz, M. H. Ievlev, and S. Ye Moiseyenko. "Control systems of hot water supply scheme for modern new buildings." Mathematical machines and systems 2 (2022): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.34121/1028-9763-2022-2-50-63.

Full text

Abstract:

Housing and communal services in Kyiv have more than 10,000 multi-storey houses, and in Ky-iv region, there are more than 5,000. Reducing energy consumption for housing, heat and water supply, and lighting services should be considered as reducing energy costs. The trouble-free operation of the equipment is of the utmost importance. Its resource on many utilities has a minimum margin of safety. Centralized analysis of the equipment control, accounting of motor resources and, accordingly, timely preventive work allow extending the service life of many components of engineering systems in the utility sector, transport, and industry. These problems are solved by distributed systems of automated control of engineering equipment, including control systems of the hot water supply scheme for modern new buildings. In modern new buildings, there is used a scheme of hot water supply (HWS) with two circulating pumps and the HWS regulator. The control cabinet, developed in the IMMSP of the NAS of Ukraine, is made on the basis of the MRTP-7 controller with the corresponding software consisting of gen-eral and special purpose programs. The article considers the principles of building a control sys-tem for hot water supply, considers the software functions of the system, presents a mathemati-cal model of the HWS system, describes a laboratory test site for testing algorithms for HWP control and modeling the HWS control process. The scientific and technical solutions provided in the article can be used in the development of automated control systems for engineering equipment in the utility sector.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Bottasso, Anna, Maurizio Conti, Massimiliano Piacenz, and Davide Vannoni. "The appropriateness of the poolability assumption for multiproduct technologies: Evidence from the English water and sewerage utilities." International Journal of Production Economics 130, no. 1 (March 2011): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2010.12.002.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Phang, Sock-Yong. "The convergence of water, electricity and gas industries: Implications for PPP design and regulation." Competition and Regulation in Network Industries 21, no. 4 (November 6, 2020): 380–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1783591720970340.

Full text

Abstract:

In several countries that have privatised their utilities, power and water are separate industries regulated by sector-specific regulators. In a parallel development, desalination has become an important source of water supply in countries where there is a shortage of cheap and clean freshwater. Where the energy source is gas, the use of gas-fired power plants to supply electricity for desalination links the water, electricity and gas industries. We use the case of the financial collapse of an integrated water and power project to illustrate the problems that can arise from such convergence, and to draw lessons for firms, Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) and regulators. A water company had successfully tendered to build a desalination plant for a water agency that would deliver an agreed volume of water per day for a 25-year period. The technology proposed was an integrated on-site power plant to supply electricity to the desalination plant as well as to the electricity grid. The business model was for profits from electricity sales to cross-subsidise water desalination costs. However, a combination of take-or-pay LNG contracts and low spot prices in a competitive electricity market led to deep operating losses. The reasons for the collapse of the business were neither technological nor operational but arose from failure to adequately manage the market risks arising from infrastructure convergence, competition, long-term rigid contractual arrangements and missing markets. The case highlights the importance of risk assessment at bidding stage and, in particular, the risks that a cross-subsidy can create. Viewed in this context, our recommendations are for regulatory convergence for converging infrastructure sectors, multi-sector risk assessments for PPP contracts, crafting flexible PPP contracts in anticipation of future adjustments, development of more liquid hedging markets and promoting competition where feasible in infrastructure sectors.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Zarghami, Seyed Ashkan, and Indra Gunawan. "A domain-specific measure of centrality for water distribution networks." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 27, no. 2 (July 26, 2019): 341–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-03-2019-0176.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose In recent years, centrality measures have been extensively used to analyze real-world complex networks. Water distribution networks (WDNs), as a good example of complex networks, exhibit properties not shared by other networks. This raises concerns about the effectiveness of applying the classical centrality measures to these networks. The purpose of this paper is to generate a new centrality measure in order to stick more closely to WDNs features. Design/methodology/approach This work refines the traditional betweenness centrality by adding a hydraulic-based weighting factor in order to improve its fit with the WDNs features. Rather than an exclusive focus on the network topology, as does the betweenness centrality, the new centrality measure reflects the importance of each node by taking into account its topological location, its demand value and the demand distribution of other nodes in the network. Findings Comparative analysis proves that the new centrality measure yields information that cannot be captured by closeness, betweenness and eigenvector centrality and is more accurate at ranking the importance of the nodes in WDNs. Practical implications The following practical implications emerge from the centrality analysis proposed in this work. First, the maintenance strategy driven by the new centrality analysis enables practitioners to prioritize the components in the network based on the priority ranking attributed to each node. This allows for least cost decisions to be made for implementing the preventive maintenance strategies. Second, the output of the centrality analysis proposed herein assists water utilities in identifying the effects of components failure on the network performance, which in turn can support the design and deployment of an effective risk management strategy. Originality/value The new centrality measure, proposed herein, is distinct from the conventional centrality measures. In contrast to the classical centrality metrics in which the importance of components is assessed based on a pure topological viewpoint, the proposed centrality measure integrates both topological and hydraulic attributes of WDNs and therefore is more accurate at ranking the importance of the nodes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Hanser, Philip. "A Brief Comment on “Percent Change as a Measure of Price Escalation in Water and Energy Utilities” by Jordi Honey-Rosés and Claudio Pareja." Public Works Management & Policy 24, no. 4 (July 25, 2019): 385–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087724x19865275.

Full text

Abstract:

This comment discusses the article by Honey-Roses and Pareja (2019). It attempts to provide additional insights into their analysis by placing it in a price index framework. A simple example is provided, which demonstrates this alternative view along with other suggestions for the use of their analysis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Safronova, Natalia B., and Alexey S. Budakov. "Economic features and mechanisms of energy saving management in housing and utility sector." RUDN Journal of Economics 27, no. 4 (December 15, 2019): 645–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2019-27-4-645-662.

Full text

Abstract:

The development of the national economy as a whole - the subjects and municipalities in particular-in conditions of limited financial subsidies depends on their economic condition, technological equipment, organization of measures to save energy resources. The housing and communal services sector, which has a high energy saving potential, accounting for about 70 % of the total energy efficiency potential in the Russian Federation, is currently one of the main consumers of energy resources of the Russian Federation. Cost optimization and cost reduction are the main tasks in improving the economic conditions for the development of housing and communal services and management of residential property complexes, some features of which will be considered in this paper. The main purpose of energy-saving measures in housing and communal services is to reduce costs and production costs and the cost of utilities, and as a result of reducing the level of utility bills for the owner in an apartment building. The segment of apartment buildings in housing and communal services is one of the most problematic, in terms of savings, as the main part of energy costs in it is aimed at providing hot water and heating. In the framework of this study, the results of the activities of one of the management companies of Saint Petersburg on the implementation of energy-saving measures are reflected.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Bottasso, Anna, Maurizio Conti, Massimiliano Piacenza, and Davide Vannoni. "Corrigendum to “The appropriateness of the poolability assumption for multiproduct technologies: Evidence from the English water and sewerage utilities” [Int. J. Prod. Econ. 130 (2011) 112–117]." International Journal of Production Economics 131, no. 2 (June 2011): 763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2011.03.022.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Knieps, Günter. "Internet of Things and the economics of smart sustainable cities." Competition and Regulation in Network Industries 18, no. 1-2 (March 2017): 115–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1783591717736502.

Full text

Abstract:

The major objective of this article is to analyze the potentials of information and communications technology (ICT) for the evolution of smart cities, with a particular focus on the challenges faced by traditional public utilities in the areas of public transportation, energy, water supply, and wastewater management due to the entry of new players originating from ICT organizations and industries. The character of virtual networks for smart cities is demonstrated based on three pillars: (1) All-IP–based real-time and adaptive broadband communication networks, (2) global navigation satellite systems and their overlay position correction networks, and (3) the interoperability of ubiquitous sensor network applications, as they form the ICT basis for a multitude of applications that are important in smart cities. The heterogeneity of virtual networks for different smart city physical network services is based on these pillars, taking into account the different requirements for the quality of service (QoS) of data packet transmission, geopositioning, and sensor networks. It can be expected that prosumer activities and resultant networked commons become increasingly relevant for the smart city of the future. However, the increasing role of prosumer activities cannot replace the role of markets in solving scarcity problems within ICT networks as well as physical networks. The role of congestion pricing and QoS differentiation for network capacities in transportation and electricity markets as well as ICT is indicated. If, due to non-rivalry in usage, efficient congestion prices are pointless, the future role of subsidies from the state is considered.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Fattore, Giovanni, Mauro Percudani, Carla Pugnoli, and Agostino Contini. "Costs of psychiatric services: a study performed in a public mental center in Lombardy Region, Italy." Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale 6, no. 2 (August 1997): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00004930.

Full text

Abstract:

SUMMARYObjective — The implementation of a simple methodology to estimate full costs of services provided by a public mental health centre. Setting. CPS (NHS Mental Centre) Ussl 35, Magenta, Lombardy Region. Method — To estimate full costs of 16 types of service we followed a two step procedure. The first step was to estimate all costs attributable to the CPS. In the second one, we allocated this estimate to each type of service provided. We attributed to the CPS the following cost items: personnel, utilities (telephone, electricity, water, heating and cleaning), land & building, transports (for services provided outside the clinic) and a share of general cost of the USSL to which the CPS belongs. Full cost of each service was then calculated on the base of the yearly number of services provided and the time spent by each health professional. Results — In 1995, the CPS provided 14, 562 services. Total costs amounted to L 1,356 million, and more than three quarters of this amount was attributable to the personnel working at the CPS. Unit costs ranged from L 5,300 (drug administration) to L 442,400 (family therapy involving two professionals for 90 minutes) The unit cost of psychiatric visits, psychologist consultations and nurse domiciliary visits were L 105,300, L 106,600 and L 78,000, respectively. Conclusions — This approach requires accessible data and is relatively simple to manage. Some refinements are required, especially to improve the methodology for the determination and the allocation of overheads. However, we are convinced that this cost accounting procedure provides acceptable estimates of the services provided by the CPS. These estimates suggest that charges to be used to fund NHS providers may be too low, especially if fee-for-service will be the main funding source.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Mandapaka, Pradeep V., and Edmond Y. M. Lo. "Assessing Shock Propagation and Cascading Uncertainties Using the Input–Output Framework: Analysis of an Oil Refinery Accident in Singapore." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (January 16, 2023): 1739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021739.

Full text

Abstract:

The impacts of shock events frequently cascade beyond the primarily affected sector(s), through the interdependent economic system, and result in higher-order indirect losses in other sectors. This study employed the inoperability input–output model (IIM) and the dynamic IIM (DIIM) to model recovery of sectors after a shock event and quantify associated total losses. Considering data limitations and uncertainties regarding sectoral recovery time, a key variable in DIIM, a probabilistic approach is used for modelling uncertainty in recovery times. The event analyzed is the 2011 oil refinery fire accident in Pulau Bukom (PB) island, Singapore, which caused the refinery to shut down for 11 days and be partially operational for several days thereafter. The impacts are assessed using the regrouped 15-sector Singapore IO data of year 2010, with manufacturing sector as the directly affected sector. The initial economic impact of the PB refinery fire is assessed in the top-down framework using the refinery’s contribution to the manufacturing sector and nation’s GDP. The higher-order losses are quantified considering different recovery paths for the directly affected sector and accounting for its inventory. Simulation experiments using synthetic IO tables are also carried out to understand relationship between recovery characteristics of directly and indirectly affected sectors. The results from IIM analysis show that the indirect losses are about 35–38% of direct losses. The DIIM analysis reveal that the utilities sectors (e.g., electricity, water supply and treatment) suffer the largest inoperability among indirectly affected sectors for a given direct damage to the manufacturing sector. The results also illustrate the dependence of overall losses on the recovery path of the directly affected sector, and associated uncertainties in sectoral recovery times.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

"Security programme benefits water utilities." Filtration Industry Analyst 2005, no. 8 (August 2005): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1365-6937(05)70764-4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

"Evaluating the Effectiveness of Water Utilities Taking into Account the Significance of Environmental Friendly Products." Water sector of Russia: problems, technologies, management, no. 4, 2020 (2020): 88–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.35567/1999-4508-2020-4-6.

Full text

Abstract:

An approach has been developed to analyze the efficiency of enterprises providing water supply and wastewater treatment services, taking into account the importance of environmentally friendly products. The study solved the problem of choosing the option for accounting for the transition of water utilities from quantitative to qua litative ind icators, compa ring t he rate of cha nge in efficienc y for options for accou nting for the factor of environmentally friendly products. The criteria for the stages of growth and development in the life cycle of a water utility – «efficiency for itself» and «efficiency for the environment» – are formulated.The classification of water utilities on the basis of growth (development) is formulated, the situation of reducing the level of efficiency of the water utility according to the introduced classification is characterized. The periods when the enterprises of the industry most effectively convert external resources into results for the population are identified. The transition to quality criteria changes the list of leaders among the reviewed enterprises in similar regional administrative centers of Russia in terms of population. This approach can be useful when evaluating water utilities for potential investments, as well as when creating a centralized system for setting tariffs based on reference values of water utilities‘ costs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Sandelin, Sirpa K., Jarmo J. Hukka, and Tapio S. Katko. "Importance of Knowledge Management at Water Utilities." Public Works Management & Policy, August 27, 2019, 1087724X1987081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087724x19870813.

Full text

Abstract:

Water utilities face continuous challenges with the changes of operational environment, aging personnel, and related tacit knowledge of employees. This article explores knowledge management at one Finnish utility and points out knowledge sharing in daily tasks. It highlights how employees interpret knowledge and tacit knowledge and their sharing. Qualitative inquiry was used. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 61 employees (65% of personnel) in 2004 and 33 in 2013 (47%). Knowledge management was regarded as a personal, individually controlled property. Value was one obstacle to the unwillingness to share knowledge and tacit knowledge. Positive change between 2004 and 2013 was seen in the interpretation of tacit knowledge: being something that is recorded in your own head only. Tacit knowledge was daily shared with the closest coworkers. As a strategic asset, knowledge should be managed at water and wastewater utilities as further development needs crucial understanding of previous procedures and practices.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

"Grundfos helps utilities to highlight water sector challenges." Filtration Industry Analyst 2017, no. 2 (February 2017): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1365-6937(17)30038-2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Claborn, David M. "Review of Security and Emergency Planning for Water and Wastewater Utilities." Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management 8, no. 1 (July 19, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1547-7355.1895.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

"Water utilities share digital experience in IWA/Xylem white paper." Filtration Industry Analyst 2019, no. 6 (June 2019): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1365-6937(19)30143-1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

K.C, Mzwinila,, Okharedia, A.A., and Lekunze, J.N. "The role of knowledge management capabilities in the performance of Botswana water utilities corporation." Journal of Business & Retail Management Research 16, no. 02 (April 15, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.24052/jbrmr/v16is02/art-02.

Full text

Abstract:

The research article provides an insight into the role of knowledge management capabilities in the performance of Botswana Water Utilities Corporation. In this research paper, organizational performance is measured under the following: - (a) Quality of service (b) Employee attraction and retention (c) Customer satisfaction. The researchers used mixed methods in investigating the research problem which revolves around the role of knowledge management capabilities and the performance of the organization. The research findings confirm that the recognition of knowledge management capabilities if well managed and utilized will increase the organizational performance in respect of quality of service, employee attraction and retention, and customer satisfaction. The research went further to discuss current challenges facing the organization and in the same vein offered possible solutions on how to minimize the identified challenges.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

"Xylem partners with Isle Utilities to help pilot and scale water technology." Filtration Industry Analyst 2022, no. 1 (January 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/s1365-6937(22)70025-1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Paolone, Francesco, Alberto Sardi, Enrico Sorano, and Alberto Ferraris. "Integrated processing of sustainability accounting reports: a multi-utility company case study." Meditari Accountancy Research ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (July 27, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/medar-01-2020-0667.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose Organisations rarely adopted integrated processes for developing sustainability reports, although the literature and the business context recommend them for efficient reporting to describe the economic, environmental and/or social impacts of organisational activities. Based on system dynamics, this paper aims to propose an integrated process for producing sustainability reports. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted action research involving a multi-utility enterprise. This company offers a wide range of public services covering integrated water utilities, environmental hygiene service, transport and mobility and cemeterial management. Findings The main steps of a process for defining and representing integrated sustainability reports are described, giving a concrete practical example of how the procedure can be applied to a multi-utility company. Originality/value System dynamics used as the major contributor to developing integrated sustainability reports also takes into account the nonlinear behaviour of complex systems. Results and implications are assessed from an integrated thinking and reporting perspective.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Edwards, Ethan. "Climate change - a scapegoat or driver for the Po River’s downfall?" Water Science Policy, August 24, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53014/tdna7931.

Full text

Abstract:

The Po River Basin’s drought threatens agriculture, biodiversity, and the ability of utilities to supply drinking water to customers in Italy. Better water management is needed to adapt to continued negative effects from climate change.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Tskhai, Aleksandr. "The impact of increasing environmental requirements on the efficiency of water utilities: Russian case." Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, June 21, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10098-021-02133-9.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

"Book Reviews." Journal of Economic Literature 53, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 1040–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.53.4.1017.r13.

Full text

Abstract:

Peter Debaere of Darden Business School, University of Virginia reviews “Water Pricing Experiences and Innovations”, by Ariel Dinar, Victor Pochat, and Jose Albiac-Murillo. The Econlit abstract of this book begins: “Twenty-two papers examine water pricing experiences in various countries from 2000 to 2015. Papers discuss water pricing in Australia—unbundled politics, accounting, and water pricing; water pricing in Brazil—successes, failures, and new approaches; water pricing in Canada—recent developments; water pricing in Chile—decentralization and market reforms; water pricing in China— the impact of socioeconomic development; water pricing in Colombia—the transition from bankruptcy to full-cost recovery; water pricing in France—moving toward more incentives to conserve water; water pricing experiences in India—emerging issues; water pricing in Israel—various waters, various neighbors; water pricing in Italy—beyond full-cost recovery; water pricing in Mexico—pricing structures and implications; water pricing in the Netherlands; New Zealand water pricing; water pricing—the case of South Africa; water pricing in Spain—following the footsteps of somber climate change projections; introducing new mechanisms into water pricing reforms in China; how to integrate social objectives into water pricing; sustainable water rate design at the Western Municipal Water District—the art of revenue recovery, water use efficiency, and customer equity; pricing urban water services in the developing world—the case of Guayaquil, Ecuador; the price for domestic water supply—an innovative method developed for the Tucano aquifer in the state of Bahia, Brazil; pricing for reclaimed water in Valencia, Spain—externalities and cost recovery; and pricing municipal water and wastewater services in developing countries—whether utilities are making progress toward sustainability. Dinar is a professor of environmental economics and policy with the School of Public Policy at the University of California, Riverside. Pochat is a professor at the National University of Litoral. Albiac-Murillo is a researcher at the Agrifood Research and Technology Center and a professor at the University of Zaragoza.”

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Irungu, Antony Mwangi, and Rosemarie Wanyoike. "Organisational Learning Strategies and Employee Performance in Water and Sewerage Companies: Empirical from Nairobi City County, Kenya." Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting, September 14, 2021, 12–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajeba/2021/v21i1330457.

Full text

Abstract:

Despite organisational learning strategies being focal in enabling employee’s development, Nairobi City Water and Sewerage Company is unable to employ organisational learning strategies for sustainable employee performance. Owing to the failures in addressing these concerns. this research accessed the manner in which organisational learning strategies related to employee performance in this company. The objectives of the research were to specifically establish the effect of; acquiring information, distributing information, interpreting information, behavioural and cognitive changes on the performance of public water utilities in Kenya. In its methodology, the research espoused descriptive research design as it used 374 senior officers of Nairobi City Water and Sewerage Company as its target population. The sample size drawn from this population was 112 respondents; accounting for 30% of the entire population. The research sought data from primary sources, which was collected through administration of structured questionnaire. Quantitative approach was employed in analysis to obtain descriptive statistics as well as inferential statistics. The inferential statistics were for testing existence of relationship and for predicting a study model. The study found that at 5% significance level, acquiring information there is a strongly positively significant effect on employee performance at Nairobi City Water and Sewerage Company, distributing information has a low significant negative effect on employee performance at Nairobi City Water and Sewerage Company, practising interpreting information at Nairobi City Water and Sewerage Company has a strong significant positive influence on its performance of employees, and behavioural and cognitive changes strongly significantly and positively affect performance of employee at Nairobi City Water and Sewerage Company. The study suggested new organizational learning approaches for implementation by Nairobi City Water and Sewerage Company to improve their employee efficiency and hence enhance their performance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Water utilities – Accounting'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles