Relevant bibliographies by topics / Water use efficiency

Academic literature on the topic 'Water use efficiency'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 June 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Water use efficiency"

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Fazliev, J. "EFFICIENCY OF USE OF CLAY WATER WITH DROP IRRIGATION." JOURNAL OF AGRO PROCESSING 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9904-2019-4-8.

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Lea, P. J., and M. A. J. Parry. "Improving water use efficiency." Annals of Applied Biology 153, no. 3 (December 2008): 281–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.2008.00301.x.

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Dr. S.S. Yadav, Dr S. S. Yadav, and Dr R. S. Meena Dr. R.S. Meena. "Drip irrigation technique enhancing water and fertiliser use efficiency in cauliflower." Indian Journal of Applied Research 1, no. 9 (October 1, 2011): 91–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/jun2012/33.

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Amer, Alia, Mona Abdallah, and Tahany Noreldein. "Enhancing spearmint productivity and water use efficiency under alternative planting practices." Journal of Central European Agriculture 20, no. 3 (2019): 852–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5513/jcea01/20.3.2282.

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Angus, J. F., and A. F. Herwaarden. "Increasing Water Use and Water Use Efficiency in Dryland Wheat." Agronomy Journal 93, no. 2 (March 2001): 290–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj2001.932290x.

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Wang, B., W. Liu, Q. Xue, T. Dang, C. Gao, J. Chen, and B. Zhang. "Soil water cycle and crop water use efficiency after long-term nitrogen fertilization in Loess Plateau." Plant, Soil and Environment 59, No. 1 (December 28, 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/207/2012-pse.

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The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of nitrogen (N) management on soil water recharge, available soil water at sowing (ASWS), soil water depletion, and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield and water use efficiency (WUE) after long-term fertilization. We collected data from 2 experiments in 2 growing seasons. Treatments varied from no fertilization (CK), single N or phosphorus (P), N and P (NP), to NP plus manure (NPM). Comparing to CK and single N or P treatments, NP and NPM reduced rainfall infiltration depth by 20–60 cm, increased water recharge by 16–21 mm, and decreased ASWS by 89–133 mm in 0–300 cm profile. However, crop yield and WUE continuously increased in NP and NPM treatments after 22 years of fertilization. Yield ranged from 3458 to 3782 kg/ha in NP or NPM but was 1246–1531 kg/ha in CK and single N or P. WUE in CK and single N or P treatments was < 6 kg/ha/mm but increased to 12.1 kg/ha/mm in a NP treatment. The NP and NPM fertilization provided benefits for increased yield and WUE but resulted in lower ASWS. Increasing ASWS may be important for sustainable yield after long-term fertilization.
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Park, Sei Joon, Jong Yong Park, Ki-Cheol Eom, and Jung-Kyung Moon. "Determination of Water Use Efficiency on the Amount of Water Use." Korean Journal of Breeding Science 46, no. 4 (December 31, 2014): 381–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.9787/kjbs.2014.46.4.381.

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Ahmed, Shakil Uddin, Masateru Senge, Kengo Ito, and John Tawiah Adomako. "The Effect of Deficit Irrigation on Root/shoot Ratio, Water Use Efficiency and Yield Efficiency of Soybean." Journal of Rainwater Catchment Systems 15, no. 2 (2010): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7132/jrcsa.kj00006069061.

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Kazievish, Saukhanov Janibek. "“ISSUES TO IMPROVE WATER USE EFFICIENCY”." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 5508–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1947.

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This article evaluates the efficiency of water use in the Republic of Karakalpakstan by districts on the basis of specific coefficients. Optimal solutions to increase water use efficiency across regions have been developed on the basis of the intersectoral balance model. Based on the results of the analysis, conclusions and recommendations are provided.
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Crookston, Bradley, Brock Blaser, Murali Darapuneni, and Marty Rhoades. "Pearl Millet Forage Water Use Efficiency." Agronomy 10, no. 11 (October 29, 2020): 1672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10111672.

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Pearl millet (Pennisitum glaucum L.) is a warm season C4 grass well adapted to semiarid climates where concerns over scarce and depleting water resources continually prompt the search for water efficient crop management to improve water use efficiency (WUE). A two-year study was conducted in the Southern Great Plains, USA, semi-arid region, to determine optimum levels of irrigation, row spacing, and tillage to maximize WUE and maintain forage production in pearl millet. Pearl millet was planted in a strip-split-plot factorial design at two row widths, 76 and 19 cm, in tilled and no-till soil under three irrigation levels (high, moderate, and limited). The results were consistent between production years. Both WUE and forage yield were impacted by tillage; however, irrigation level had the greatest effect on forage production. Row spacing had no effect on either WUE or forage yield. The pearl millet water use-yield production function was y = 6.68 × x (mm) − 837 kg ha−1; however, a low coefficient of determination (r2 = 0.31) suggests that factors other than water use (WU), such as a low leaf area index (LAI), had greater influence on dry matter (DM) production. Highest WUE (6.13 Mg ha−1 mm−1) was achieved in tilled soil due to greater LAI and DM production than in no-till.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Water use efficiency"

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Sedibe, Moosa Mahmood. "Optimising water use efficiency for crop production." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53541.

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Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Poor water management and poor water use efficiency (WUE) have been identified as one of the major problems experienced by vegetable growers in most of the developing countries, including South Africa. This poor management and poor utilization of water have led to a drastic decline in the quality and quantity of available water. In South Africa agriculture uses about 50% of available water. Increasing water demand for domestic, industrial and mining uses, may decrease agriculture's share to less than the current 50%, henceforth, better utilization of this resource is imperative. Selection of a good irrigation system can limit water loss considerably. Some irrigation systems have a potential to save more water than others do. Since irrigation systems affect the WUE of crops, care should be taken when selecting an irrigation system under conditions of limited water quantity. Ebb-and- Flood watering systems have been introduced for effective sub-irrigation and nutrient delivery within closed systems. Such a system was adapted in South Africa, to develop a vegetable production unit for use by families in rural communities, while saving substantial amounts of water. A need to further improve the WUE of this system was subsequently identified. Two studies were conducted at the experimental farm of the University of Stellenbosch (Department of Agronomy). The first trial was conducted under controlled conditions in a glasshouse, and the second under open field conditions. In the first trial, Beta vulgaris (Swiss chard) and Amaranthus spp. ('Imbuya') were grown in two root media; gravel and pumice. In addition, an 'Ebb-and-Flood' and a 'Constant level' system were used with nutrient solutions at two electrical (EC) conductivity levels 1.80 and 3.60 mS cm-I. The results of this (2x2x2x2) factorial experiment indicated that a combination of the 'Ebb-and-Flood' system with gravel as a root medium produced the best results at a low EC, when 'imbuya' was used. A high total WUE was found with 'imbuya', (7.35 g L-I) at EC 1.80 mS cmicompared to a relatively low WUE of 5. 90 g L-I when the 3.60 mS cm-I nutrient solution was used. In the second trial, 'Imbuya's' foliage dry mass, leaf area and WUE was evaluated under field conditions at the Stellenbosch University experimental farm, during the summer of2002. The experimental farm (33°55'S, 18°52'E) is situated in the cooler coastal wine grape-producing region of South Africa with a relatively high annual winter rainfall. This trial was conducted on an alluvial soil, with clay content of 25% and a pH of 5.9 (KC!). A closed 'Ebb-and-Flood' system was compared with two open field irrigation systems ('Drip' and 'Flood') using nutrient solutions at two electrical conductivity levels (1.80 and 3.60 mS cm-i) in all three cases. Foliage dry mass, leaf area as well as WUE was best with 'Drip' irrigation, when a nutrient solution with an electrical conductivity of 3.60 mS cm-i was used. In spite of the fact that additional ground water was available for the soil grown 'Drip' and 'Flood' treatments, the 'Ebb-and-Flood' system outperformed the 'Flood' treatment, especially when the nutrient solution with an EC of 3.6 mS cm-i was used. Insufficient root aeration in the flooded soil could have been a contributing factor. The fact that the 'Ebb-and-Flood' and 'Drip' systems gave the best results when the high EC solution was used to fertigate the plants, may indicate that the plants could have hardened due to the mild EC stress, better preparing them to adapt to the extreme heat that was experienced in the field.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Swak: bestuur van water en 'n swak: water-gebruik-doeltreffendheid (WOD) is as een van die belangrikste probleme geïdentifiseer wat deur groente produsente in die meeste ontwikkelende lande, insluitend Suid-Afrika, ervaar word. Hierdie swak bestuur en benutting van water het daartoe bygedra dat 'n drastiese afname in die kwaliteit asook in die kwantiteit van beskikbare water ervaar word. In Suid-Afrika gebruik die landbou-sektor ongeveer 50% van die beskikbare water. Toenemende water behoeftes vir huisgebruik, industrieë en die mynbou mag hierdie 50% aandeel van die landbou sektor laat krimp. Beter benutting van hierdie skaars hulpbron is dus noodsaaklik. Die keuse van goeie besproeiingsisteme mag waterverliese merkbaar beperk aangesien sekere sisteme se water-besparingspotensiaal beter as ander is. Aangesien besproeiingstelsels die WOD van gewasse beïnvloed, is spesiale sorg nodig waar 'n besproeiingstelsel onder hierdie toestande van beperkte waterbronne gekies moet word. 'Ebb-en-Vloed' sisteme kan aangewend word om water en voedingselemente van onder in 'n wortelmedium te laat opstoot en in 'n geslote sisteem te laat terugdreineer. So 'n sisteem is in Suid-Afrika ontwikkel waarmee groente vir families in landelike gebiede geproduseer kan word terwyl water bespaar word. 'n Behoefte om die WOD van hierdie produksiesisteem verder te verbeter is egter geïdentifiseer. Twee ondersoeke is by die Universiteit van Stellenbosch se proefplaas (Departement Agronomie) gedoen. Die eerste proef is onder beheerde omgewingstoestande in 'n glashuis uitgevoer en die tweede onder veld toestande. In die eerste proef is Beta vulgaris (Snybeet) en Amaranthus spp. ('Imbuya') in twee tipes wortelmedia; gruis en puimsteen verbou. 'n 'Ebb-en-Vloed' asoook 'n 'Konstante vlak' besproeiingsisteem is gebruik terwyl voedingsoplossings ook by twee peile van elektriese geleiding (EC) teen 1.80 en 3.60 mS cm-I toegedien is. Die resultate van hierdie (2x2x2x2) fakroriaal eksperiment het aangetoon dat 'n kombinasie van die 'Ebb-en-Vloed' sisteem met gruis as 'n wortelmedium die beste resultate teen 'n lae EC lewer waar 'imbuya' gebruik is. Die WOD met 'imbuya' was hoog (7.35 g L-1) by 'n EC van 1.80 mS cm-I, vergeleke met 'n relatief lae WOD van 5. 90 g L-1 waar die 3.60 mS cm-I voedingsoplossing gebruik is. In die tweede proef is 'Imbuya' se droë blaarmassa, blaar oppervlakte en WOD onder veldtoestande op die Universiteit van Stellenbsoch se proefplaas in die somer van 2002 ge-evalueer. Die proefplaas (33°55'S, 18°52'E) is in die koeler kusstreke van die wyndruif produksiegebied in die winterreëngebied van Suid-Afrika geleë. Hierdie proef is op alluviale grond met 25% klei en 'n pH van 5.9 (KCi) uitgevoer. 'n Geslote 'Ebb-en-Vloed' sisteem is met twee veld-besproeiingsisteme vergelyk ('Drup' en 'Vloed') terwyl voedingsoplossings teen twee peile van elektriese geleiding (1.80 en 3.60 mS cm-I) in al drie gevalle gebruik is. Blaar droëmassa, blaaroppervlakte asook die WGD was die beste met 'Drup' besproeiing waar die EC van die voedingsoplossing 3.60 mS cm-I was. Ten spyte van die feit dat ekstra grondwater vir die 'Drup' and 'Vloed' behandelings beskikbaar was, het die 'Ebben- Vloed' stelsel beter as die 'Vloed' behandeling gedoen veral waar die voedingsoplossing se EC 3.6 mS cm-I was. Swak wortelbelugting was waarskynlik die rede waarom vloedbesproeiing swak produksie gelewer het. Die feit dat die 'Drup' en die 'Ebb-en-Vloed' behandelings in die veldproef die beste gedoen het waar die EC hoog was, mag moontlik met die gehardheid van die plante verband hou wat aan ekstreem warm en dor toestande blootgestel was.
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Morgado, dos Santos Ana Maria. "Plant factors influencing water use efficiency of wheat." Thesis, University of Reading, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434315.

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Adiredjo, Afifuddin Latif. "Water use efficiency in sunflower : Ecophysiological and genetic approaches." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/20177/1/adiredjo.pdf.

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Water use efficiency (WUE), measured as the ratio of plant biomass to water consumption, is an essential agronomical trait for enhancing crop production under drought. Measuring water consumption is logistically difficult, especially in field conditions. The general objective of the present Thesis is to respond to three main questions: (i) can WUE be determined by using carbon isotope discrimination (CID), easy to measure?, (ii) how WUE and CID variation analysis can contribute to the genotypic selection of sunflower subjected to drought?, and (iii) can WUE variation be revealed by the variation of plant-water relation traits. Four experiments were carried out in greenhouse across two different years: (i) on two drought scenarios, progressive soil drying and stable water-stress, and (ii) on five levels of soil water content. The main traits that have been measured include WUE, CID, as well as plant-water relation traits, i.e. control of transpiration (FTSWt), water extraction capacity (TTSW), and dehydration tolerance (OA). A highly significant negative correlation was observed between WUE and CID, and a wide phenotypic variability was observed for both WUE and CID. A wide variability was also observed for FTSWt, TTSW and OA. The results provide new insight into the genetic control of WUE and CID related-traits, which, unlike to other crops, genetic control of WUE, CID, and TTSW in sunflower have never been reported in the literature. Further, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping for FTSWt was never reported in any plant species. The QTL for WUE and CID were identified across different drought scenarios. The QTL for CID is considered as a ‘‘constitutive’’ QTL, because it is consistently detected across different drought scenarios. The QTL for CID co-localized with the QTL for WUE, biomass and cumulative water transpired. Co-localization was also observed between the QTL for FTSWt and TTSW, between the QTL for TTSW and WUE-CID-biomass, as well as between the QTL for FTSWt-TTSW and biomass. This study highlights that WUE is physiologically and genetically associated with CID. CID is an excellent surrogate for WUE measurement, and can be used to improve WUE by using marker-assisted selection (MAS) to achieve the ultimate goal of plant breeding at genomic level.
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Tomás, Mir Magdalena. "Physiological mechanisms involved in water use efficiency in grapevines." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/84126.

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La sequera és una de les majors limitacions per a l’agricultura en general, factor que pot incrementar d’acord amb les prediccions del canvi climàtic. Per això, reduir l’ús de l’aigua en el reg i augmentar l’eficiència en l’ús de l’aigua (EUA) constitueix una de les majors prioritats per aconseguir una agricultura sostenible. L’EUA és un balanç entre guanys de biomassa i les despeses d’aigua. Aquesta Tesi s’ha centrat en l’estudi de 3 dels processos fisiològics que afecten a l’ús de l’aigua i a la producció de la planta en el cas de la vinya, i que per tant poden ser considerats factors potencials per millorar l’EUA: (1) conductància del mesòfil, (2) transpiració nocturna (3) respiració. Els resultats d’aquesta Tesi revelen que la conductància del mesòfil i la respiració són els principals components per millorar l’EUA permetent millorar l’assimilació de carboni o minimitzant les pèrdues del carboni fixat per la fotosíntesis
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Tonmukayakul, Nop. "Water use efficiency of six dryland pastures in Canterbury." Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1498.

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The annual and seasonal water use efficiency of six pasture combinations were calculated from the ‘MaxClover’ Grazing Experiment at Lincoln University. Pastures have been established for six years and are grazed by best management practices for each combination. Measurements for this study are from individual plots of four replicates of ryegrass (RG)/white clover (Wc), cocksfoot (CF)/Wc; CF/balansa (Bal) clover; CF/Caucasian (Cc) clover; CF/subterranean (Sub) clover or lucerne. Water extraction measurements showed soils for all dryland pastures had a similar plant available water content of 280±19.8 mm. Dry matter measurements of yield, botanical composition and herbage quality were assessed from 1 July 2008 until 30 June 2009. Lucerne had the highest annual yield of 14260 kg DM/ha/y followed by the CF/Sub at 9390 kg DM/ha/y and the other grass based pastures at ≤ 6900 kg DM/ha/y. All pastures used about 670±24.4 mm/y of water for growth. Lucerne had the highest annual water use efficiency (WUE) of 21 kg DM/ha/mm/y of water used (total yield/total WU). The WUE of CF/Sub was the second highest at 15 kg DM/ha/mm/y, and the lowest was CF/Wc at 9 kg DM/ha/mm/y. The CF/Sub pastures had the highest total legume content of all grass based pastures at 21% and as a consequence had the highest annual nitrogen yield of 190 kg N/ha. This was lower than the monoculture of lucerne (470 kg N/ha). Ryegrass/white clover had the highest total weed component in all pastures of 61%. For dryland farmers spring is vital for animal production when soil temperatures are rising and moisture levels are high. The water use efficiency at this time is important to maximize pasture production. In spring lucerne produced 8730 kg DM/ha, which was the highest dry matter yield of all pastures. The CF/Sub produced the second highest yield of 6100 kg/DM/ha. When calculated against thermal time, CF/Sub grew 5.9 kg DM/ºCd compared with lucerne at 4.9 kg DM/ºCd. The higher DM yield from lucerne was from an extra 400 ºCd of growth. The highest seasonal WUE of all pastures occurred in the spring growing period. Linear regressions forced through the origin, showed lucerne (1/7/08-4/12/08) had a WUE of 30 kg DM/ha/mm (R2=0.98). Of the grass based pastures, CF/Sub produced 18 kg DM/ha/mm (R2=0.98) from 1/7 to 10/11/08 from 270 mm of water used. The lowest spring WUE was 13.5 kg DM/ha/mm by CF/Bal pastures which was comparable to the 14.3±1.42 kg DM/ha/mm WUE of CF/Wc, CF/Cc and RG/Wc pastures. During the spring, CF/Sub clover had the highest spring legume component of the grass based pastures at 42% and produced 120 kg N/ha. This was lower than the 288 kg N/ha from the monoculture of lucerne. Sub clover was the most successful clover which persisted with the cocksfoot. Based on the results from this study dryland farmers should be encouraged to maximize the potential of lucerne on farm, use cocksfoot as the main grass species for persistence, rather than perennial ryegrass, and use subterranean clover as the main legume species in cocksfoot based pastures. By increasing the proportion of legume grown the water use efficiency of a pasture can be improved. When pastures are nitrogen deficient the use of inorganic nitrogen may also improve pasture yields particularly in spring.
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Bernier, Marie-Hélène. "Assessing on-farm water use efficiency in southern Ontario." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32251.

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Assessing On-Farm Irrigation Water Use Efficiency in Southern Ontario In southern Ontario, irrigation is essential for high value horticultural crop production to overcome insufficient rainfall and achieve stabilized crop production. In a context where competition for limited water resources intensifies due to the expansion of the agricultural sector, increasing urban development and tourism, and potential climate change impacts, conserving water through efficient irrigation has become a key solution to address this growing challenge. The implementation of advanced soil water monitoring technologies and water budgeting for improved irrigation scheduling is explored to conserve water and thus cope with increasing competing demands for limited water supplies. Soil moisture was measured by gravimetric sampling in conjunction with several modern soil water sensors over the course of the 2007 growing season at 15 field sites located in southern Ontario where high value horticultural crop production is predominant. Quantities of irrigation water used were measured by flow meters that were installed at three of these sites. In addition, two grower surveys were administered: the first to collect information on current irrigation scheduling practices, and another to determine the appropriateness of the soil moisture monitoring sensors. On-farm irrigation performance was assessed by comparing calculated crop water requirements (using the water budget method) with growers' estimates of irrigation water use with soil moisture measurements taken during the growing season. In five out of six experimental zones, water was either excessively or insufficiently applied. In
Évaluation de l'Efficacité d'Utilisation de l'Eau d'Irrigation à l'Échelle de la Ferme dans le Sud de l'Ontario Dans le sud de l'Ontario, l'irrigation est essentielle à la production de cultures horticoles à haute valeur ajoutée afin de compenser l'insuffisance de précipitations et stabiliser la production de cultures. Dans un contexte où la compétition pour les ressources limitées en eau s'intensifie en réponse à l'expansion du secteur agricole, à la croissance du développement urbain et du tourisme, ainsi qu'aux impacts potentiels des changements climatiques, conserver l'eau grâce à des techniques d'irrigation économes est devenue une solution incontournable pour affronter ce défi grandissant. L'implémentation de technologies avancées de surveillance de la teneur en eau dans le sol et d'un bilan hydrique, pour améliorer les pratiques d'irrigation programmée, est explorée afin de conserver l'eau et ainsi mieux faire face à l'augmentation concurrentielle des demandes pour les ressources limitées en eau. Au cours de la saison de croissance de 2007, l'humidité du sol a été mesurée avec plusieurs sondes ainsi que par la méthode gravimétrique pour quinze sites situés dans le sud de l'Ontario où la production de cultures à haute valeur ajoutée est prédominante. Les quantités d'eau utilisées pour irriguer étaient mesurées par des compteurs de débit installés dans trois des quatre sites. De plus, les producteurs ont répondus à deux questionnaires: le premier visant à recueillir l'information concernant des pratiques actuelles d'irrigation programmée et le second à déterminer l'utilité des sondes mesurant l'humidité du sol. La
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Wynn, Paul Laurence. "Water use efficiency and drought resistance in ornamental plants." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2009. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28220.

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Increasing concerns over the distribution, abundance and security of fresh water resources in Australia have led to a nationwide re—evaluation of their management and sustainability. The potential for reductions in municipal water use through demand management are substantial, including the potential for savings through the improved design and management of the irrigated urban landscape. It is proposed that the selection of more appropriate plant species is essential to maximising outdoor water savings. Current plant selection practices are, however, typically based upon highly questionable and potentially flawed anecdotal evidence. Ideally, these decisions should stem from detailed investigation of the water requirements, drought tolerance and water use efficiency (WUE) of specific plants. Such investigation forms the basis of this thesis. An extensive range of ornamental plant species were therefore examined, chosen based on their origin (native vs. exotic) and aesthetic function or utility in the landscape. It was hypothesised that those plants of Australian origin, due to the frequency of drought in their native habitats, would demonstrate more tolerance to water stress than their exotic counterparts. In the first of three experiments, plants were subjected to varying levels of drought stress using differential rates of irrigation, each replacing a fixed percentage of potential evapotranspirational demand. Plant recovery capacity was subsequently assessed during an extended well—watered period. A range of physiological parameters was monitored and, using digital image analysis, changes in the level of foliar display and canopy transparency were assessed as objective measures of plant ornamentality and amenity value. Development of an improved method of imposing drought stress, for use in a subsequent study, involved a separate detailed assessment of a high molecular weight polymer, polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDADMAC), which demonstrated its significant potential as an osmoticum. A detailed and intensively monitored third experiment was carried out with two groundcover species, the exotic Lobularia maritima (Sweet Alyssum) and the Australian native Chrysocephalum apiculatum (Yellow Buttons), each previously revealed as having particularly high WUE and drought tolerance. Each species was subjected to one of several rates of drought stress imposition using frequent incremental additions of PDADMAC to an air-lift irrigation system followed by a period of recovery. A similar range of physiological parameters was monitored in this study, in addition to carbon isotope discrimination measurement and a microscopic examination of leaf surface morphology. There was a high level of concurrence between the studies, with the plants of Australian origin generally exhibiting superior drought resistance and higher WUE than the exotic plants examined. The native plants typically maintained higher levels of foliar display and exhibited higher net photosynthesis rates, transpiration rates and final shoot dry weights than the corresponding exotics. The natives also maintained lower overall leaf water potentials, both in the absence and presence of drought stress, possibly enabling the positive water balance in plant tissues through the creation of a strong water potential gradient between plant and soil. C. apiculatum appears to have utilised other traits and strategies for its superior performance under drought stress, including its contrasting phenology to L. maritima and its greater level of pubescence. During recovery, the natives also demonstrated a greater overall capacity for regeneration than the exotics, as measured by foliar gains. The effect of decreasing water availability was also highly consistent across the studies, with decreasing water availability producing overall declines in foliar display, foliar display—based WUE, net photosynthesis rates, leaf water potentials, final shoot dry weights, survival times and general plant health. Based upon the implications of these findings, a number of practical recommendations were developed for use in the design and management of water conserving urban landscapes.
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Bynum, Joshua Brian. "Physiological applications for determining water use efficiency among cotton genotypes." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2635.

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Ogola, J. B. Ochanda. "Improving water use efficiency of maize through proper nitrogen management." Thesis, University of Reading, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340024.

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Movahedi, Mahsa. "Identifying stomatal signalling genes to improve plant water use efficiency." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4539/.

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Water is lost from higher plants via transpiration through stomatal pores the aperture of which is regulated by pairs of guard cells. Genetic engineering of the guard cell abscisic acid (ABA) signalling network that induces stomatal closure under drought stress is a key target for improving crop water use efficiency. In this study experiments were designed to investigate whether the biochemical mechanisms associated with the N-end rule pathway of targeted proteolysis could be involved in the regulation of stomatal apertures. The results indicate that the gene encoding the plant N-recognin, PRT6 (PROTEOLYSIS6), and the N-end rule pathway, are important in regulating stomatal ABA-responses in addition to their previously described roles in germination and hypoxia. Direct measurements of stomatal apertures showed that plants lacking PRT6 exhibit hypersensitive stomatal closure in response to ABA, and IR thermal imaging revealed reduced evapotranspiration under drought-stress. Together with a reduction in stomatal density, these properties result in drought tolerant plants. Plants lacking PRT6 are able to synthesis NO but their stomata do not close in response to NO suggesting that PRT6 is required for stomatal aperture responses to NO. Double mutant studies suggested that PRT6 (and by implication the N-end rule pathway) genetically interacts with known guard cell ABA signalling components OST1 and ABI1, and that it may act either downstream in the same signalling pathway or in an independent pathway. Several other enzymatic components of the plant N-end rule pathway were also shown to be involved in controlling stomatal ABA sensitivity including arginyl transferase and methionine amino peptidase activities. These results indicate that at least one of the N-end rule protein substrates which mediates ABA sensitivity has a methionine-cysteine motif at its N-terminus. A separate set of experiments were designed to investigate whether stomatal ABA-signalling pathways could have been conserved throughout land plant evolution. Cross-genetic complementation experiments were carried out to determine whether Physcomitrella stomatal apertures are able to respond to ABA and CO2 using a similar signalling pathway to that of flowering plants. The results demonstrated involvement of OST1 and ABI1 orthologues indicating that the stomata of the moss respond to ABA and CO2 using a signalling pathway that appears to be directly comparable to that of the model flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Books on the topic "Water use efficiency"

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Washington (State). Division of Drinking Water., ed. Water use efficiency rule: Questions & answers. [Olympia, Wash.]: Washington State Dept. of Health, Environmental Health Programs, Division of Drinking Water, 2007.

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A, Bacon Mark, ed. Water use efficiency in plant biology. Oxford: Blackwell, 2004.

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Washington (State). Dept. of Ecology., Washington (State). Office of Drinking Water., and Washington (State) Legislature, eds. Actions and progress on water use-efficiency. Olympia, WA: Washington State Dept. of Ecology, 2003.

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Taiwan) APO Seminar on Water Use Efficiency in Irrigation (1999 Taipei. Water use efficiency in irrigation in Asia. Tokyo: Asian Productivity Organization, 2001.

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R, Butcher Walter, Washington (State). Dept. of Ecology., and State of Washington Water Research Center., eds. Potential for improving water use efficiency in Washington. Pullman, WA: State of Washington Water Research Center, 1989.

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Durham (Ont. : Regional municipality). and Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation., eds. Household guide to water efficiency. Ottawa: Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, 2000.

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Washington (State). Dept. of Community Development., ed. Water use efficiency standards for plumbing fixtures. [Olympia]: Washington State Dept. of Community Development, 1993.

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United Nations. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, ed. Guide to preparing urban water-use efficiency plans. New York: United Nations, 2003.

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A, Roumasset James, ed. Efficiency principles for water management. Honolulu, Hawaii: Environment and Policy Institute, East-West Center, 1988.

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R, Butcher Walter, Washington (State). Dept. of Ecology., and State of Washington Water Research Center., eds. Potential for improving water use efficiency in Washington: Summary. Pullman, WA: State of Washington Water Research Center, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Water use efficiency"

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Bramley, Helen, Neil C. Turner, and Kadambot H. M. Siddique. "Water Use Efficiency." In Genomics and Breeding for Climate-Resilient Crops, 225–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37048-9_6.

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Steduto, P. "Water Use Efficiency." In Sustainability of Irrigated Agriculture, 193–209. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8700-6_12.

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Stewart, B. A., and J. L. Steiner. "Water-Use Efficiency." In Advances in Soil Science, 151–73. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8982-8_7.

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Vadez, Vincent. "Water-Use Efficiency." In Agronomy Monographs, 267–76. Madison, WI, USA: Soil Science Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr58.c12.

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Mortlock, Miranda Y. "Transpiration: Water Use Efficiency." In Fresh Water and Watersheds, 211–14. Second edition. | Boca Raton: CRC Press, [2020] | Revised edition of: Encyclopedia of natural resources. [2014].: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429441042-30.

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Paroda, R. S. "Increasing water-use efficiency." In Reorienting Indian agriculture: challenges and opportunities, 203–11. Wallingford: CABI, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786395177.0203.

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Sinclair, Thomas, and Thomas W. Rufty. "Plant Water Use Efficiency." In SpringerBriefs in Agriculture, 41–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14414-1_7.

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Huang, Fang. "Rain-Use Efficiency: Remote Sensing." In Fresh Water and Watersheds, 225–31. Second edition. | Boca Raton: CRC Press, [2020] | Revised edition of: Encyclopedia of natural resources. [2014].: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429441042-33.

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Hamada, Youssef M. "Efficiency Use of Irrigation Water." In The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, its Impact on Egyptian Agriculture and the Potential for Alleviating Water Scarcity, 151–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54439-7_10.

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de Almeida Silva, Marcelo, Claudiana Moura dos Santos, Carlos Alberto Labate, Simone Guidetti-Gonzalez, Janaina de Santana Borges, Leonardo Cesar Ferreira, Rodrigo Oliveira DeLima, and Roberto Fritsche-Neto. "Breeding for Water Use Efficiency." In Plant Breeding for Abiotic Stress Tolerance, 87–102. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30553-5_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Water use efficiency"

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BARI, A., G. AYAD, A. MARTIN, J. L. GONZALEZ-ANDUJAR, M. NACHIT, and I. ELOUAFI. "FRACTALS AND PLANT WATER USE EFFICIENCY." In Fractals and Related Phenomena in Nature. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812702746_0029.

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BELLO-DAMBATTA, AISHA, and PRYSOR WILLIAMS. "ENERGY EFFICIENCY THROUGH WATER-USE EFFICIENCY IN LEISURE CENTRES." In ENERGY PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT 2022. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/epm220091.

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"Effect of Deficit Irrigation on Water Use and Water Use Efficiency of Alfalfa." In 2013 ASABE Annual International Meeting. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20131603513.

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Pilvere, Irina. "LAND USE EFFICIENCY IN FORESTRY IN LATVIA." In 14th SGEM GeoConference on WATER RESOURCES. FOREST, MARINE AND OCEAN ECOSYSTEMS. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2014/b32/s14.052.

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Musa N Nimah and Soraya N Moukarzel. "Water Productivity: A new concept for Improving Irrigation Water Use Efficiency." In 2007 Minneapolis, Minnesota, June 17-20, 2007. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.23037.

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Lanning, Matthew, Lixin Wang, Todd M. Scanlon, Matthew Vadeboncoeur, Mary Beth Adams, Howard E. Epstein, and Daniel Druckenbrod. "DECREASED FOREST WATER USE EFFICIENCY UNDER ACID DEPOSITION." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-318225.

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"Water Use Efficiency of Energy Sorghum in Texas." In 2014 ASABE Annual International Meeting. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20141904464.

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"Do soil textural properties affect water use efficiency?" In 2015 ASABE / IA Irrigation Symposium: Emerging Technologies for Sustainable Irrigation - A Tribute to the Career of Terry Howell, Sr. Conference Proceedings. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/irrig.20152142931.

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Karunaratne, Asha, Neil Crout, and Sayed Azam-Ali. "Simulation Of Water Use Efficiency To Tackle The Drought." In 24th European Conference on Modelling and Simulation. ECMS, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.7148/2010-0316-0322.

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"Water Use efficiency of Energy Sorghum in South Texas." In 2015 ASABE / IA Irrigation Symposium: Emerging Technologies for Sustainable Irrigation - A Tribute to the Career of Terry Howell, Sr. Conference Proceedings. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/irrig.20152145679.

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Reports on the topic "Water use efficiency"

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Koomey, J. G., C. Dunham, and J. D. Lutz. The effect of efficiency standards on water use and water heating energy use in the US: A detailed end-use treatment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10180643.

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Mullet, John. Genomics of Energy Sorghum's Water Use Efficiency/Drought Resilience. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1497533.

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Blok, Chris, Erik van Os, Raed Daoud, Laith Waked, and A. Hasan. Hydroponic Green Farming Initiative : increasing water use efficiency by use of hydroponic cultivation methods in Jordan : final report. Bleiswijk: Wageningen University & Research, BU Greenhouse Horticulture, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/426168.

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Heitman, Joshua L., Alon Ben-Gal, Thomas J. Sauer, Nurit Agam, and John Havlin. Separating Components of Evapotranspiration to Improve Efficiency in Vineyard Water Management. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594386.bard.

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Vineyards are found on six of seven continents, producing a crop of high economic value with much historic and cultural significance. Because of the wide range of conditions under which grapes are grown, management approaches are highly varied and must be adapted to local climatic constraints. Research has been conducted in the traditionally prominent grape growing regions of Europe, Australia, and the western USA, but far less information is available to guide production under more extreme growing conditions. The overarching goal of this project was to improve understanding of vineyard water management related to the critical inter-row zone. Experiments were conducted in moist temperate (North Carolina, USA) and arid (Negev, Israel) regions in order to address inter-row water use under high and low water availability conditions. Specific objectives were to: i) calibrate and verify a modeling technique to identify components of evapotranspiration (ET) in temperate and semiarid vineyard systems, ii) evaluate and refine strategies for excess water removal in vineyards for moist temperate regions of the Southeastern USA, and iii) evaluate and refine strategies for water conservation in vineyards for semi-arid regions of Israel. Several new measurement and modeling techniques were adapted and assessed in order to partition ET between favorable transpiration by the grapes and potentially detrimental water use within the vineyard inter-row. A micro Bowen ratio measurement system was developed to quantify ET from inter-rows. The approach was successful at the NC site, providing strong correlation with standard measurement approaches and adding capability for continuous, non-destructive measurement within a relatively small footprint. The environmental conditions in the Negev site were found to limit the applicability of the technique. Technical issues are yet to be solved to make this technique sufficiently robust. The HYDRUS 2D/3D modeling package was also adapted using data obtained in a series of intense field campaigns at the Negev site. The adapted model was able to account for spatial variation in surface boundary conditions, created by diurnal canopy shading, in order to accurately calculate the contribution of interrow evaporation (E) as a component of system ET. Experiments evaluated common practices in the southeastern USA: inter-row cover crops purported to reduce water availability and thereby favorably reduce grapevine vegetative growth; and southern Israel: drip irrigation applied to produce a high value crop with maximum water use efficiency. Results from the NC site indicated that water use by the cover crop contributed a significant portion of vineyard ET (up to 93% in May), but that with ample rainfall typical to the region, cover crop water use did little to limit water availability for the grape vines. A potential consequence, however, was elevated below canopy humidity owing to the increased inter-row evapotranspiration associated with the cover crops. This creates increased potential for fungal disease occurrence, which is a common problem in the region. Analysis from the Negev site reveals that, on average, E accounts for about10% of the total vineyard ET in an isolated dripirrigated vineyard. The proportion of ET contributed by E increased from May until just before harvest in July, which could be explained primarily by changes in weather conditions. While non-productive water loss as E is relatively small, experiments indicate that further improvements in irrigation efficiency may be possible by considering diurnal shading effects on below canopy potential ET. Overall, research provided both scientific and practical outcomes including new measurement and modeling techniques, and new insights for humid and arid vineyard systems. Research techniques developed through the project will be useful for other agricultural systems, and the successful synergistic cooperation amongst the research team offers opportunity for future collaboration.
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Zilberman, David, and Eithan Hochman. Price Evaluation and Allocation of Water under Alternative Water Rights Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1992.7561062.bard.

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This project developed conceptual and empirical frameworks to analyze the water management politics as water scarcity increases. The analyses showed that increased scarcity will tend to encourage a transition from systems in which water is allocated administratively to water trading. However, transaction costs and political economy considerations placed barriers on the introduction of markets. The recent droughts - both in Israel and California were shown to cause an increase in water use efficiency by adoption of modern technologies and improvement of water conveyance systems. The drought led to institutional innovations and an increased reliance on trading as mechanisms for water allocation. Case studies from both countries demonstrate that reducing barriers to water trading and increasing farmers' flexibility in exchange of water will lead to efficient outcomes and much better uses of existing water resources.
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Cohen, Shabtai, Jim P. Syvertsen, Eliezer E. Goldschmidt, and Samuel Moreshet. Modifying Solar Radiation to Increase Water Use Efficiency, Yield and Fruit Quality in Citrus. United States Department of Agriculture, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7580677.bard.

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Fromm, Hillel, Michael V. Mickelbart, Yaakov Tadmor, and Paul Michael Hasegawa. Controlling water use efficiency and drought tolerance through the GTL1-SDD1 stomatal density switch. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598172.bard.

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Fisher, Diane C., Camilla Dunham Whitehead, and Moya Melody. National and Regional Water and Wastewater Rates For Use inCost-Benefit Models and Evaluations of Water Efficiency Programs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/927324.

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Schachtman, Daniel, Andrea Eveland, Rebecca Bart, Ismail Dweikat, Susannah Tringe, Jessica Prenni, Peng Liu, Asaph Cousins, Maria Harrison, and Jeffery Dangl. Final Report for DE-SC0014395 Systems Analysis of the Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms of Sorghum Nitrogen Use Efficiency, Water Use Efficiency and Interactions with the Soil Microbiome. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1899046.

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Pickering, Robert, Kathleen Onorevole, Rob Greenwood, and Sarah Shadid. Measurement science roadmap workshop for water use efficiency and water quality in premise plumbing systems, August 1-2, 2018:. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.gcr.19-020.

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