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1
Dodon Yendri, Desta Yolanda, and Rezy Pratiwi. "Monitoring Sistem Ketersediaan dan Pengontrolan Pengisisan Air Secara Otomatis Pada Gedung Perkantoran Berbasis Mikrokontroler." CHIPSET 1, no. 01 (April 30, 2020): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/chipset.1.01.10-16.2020.
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Employees who work in offices absolutely need water, for example to wash hands, to defecate, or other household needs. Water availability must be a concern of managers. But in fact, many officers pay less attention for this. They let a lot of water flows from the tank or reservoir that makes important water resources are wasted. This study aims to regulate the usage of water in office buildings so that water needs for employees are always met. The system was built by three tanks, one tank as the main water source called the central tank and two tanks as a reservoir of water that will be consumed by employees called tank1 and tank2. To measure the water level in the tank, it will use an ultrasonic sensor. If the water in the central tank has reached the minimum capacity length from the surface of the water to the sensor (≥ 20 cm), the tank manager will receives an SMS that indicates the water in the central tank is not available and needs to be refill. Tank 1 and tank 2 are filled automatically by activating the pump and opening the solenoid valve when the water is less than the maximum limit set (> 5 cm). The results showed that the system was able to send an SMS to the tank manager when the water level had reached the minimum limit with an 7.39 seconds of average delivery time. Tank 1 and tank 2 can be returned off when the water level reaches the 5 cm limit. The average success rate of filling water in tank1 was 98.46% and tank2 was 97.32%.
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Seavitt Nordenson, Catherine. "Water Tank." Journal of Landscape Architecture 8, no. 2 (July 3, 2013): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18626033.2013.864072.
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Vazarkar, Mansi, Pratyasha Kar, Vishal Dhobale, Pratik Ghawate, and Dr A. D. Shiralkar. "Design and Development of Automatic Water Tank Cleaner." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 11, no. 8 (July 30, 2022): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.h9131.0711822.
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This system aims to design and develop a prototype of an automatic system for cleaning domestic cylindrical water tanks. The proposed system includes a simple mechanism with centrifugal force. Household water tanks are supposed to provide safe water for cleaning, gardening, cooking, and drinking. The majority of the time water coming into the tank comes with dust and dirt particles. Over time, sludge or sediment may build up, contaminate water and cause illnesses in humans like diarrhea, cholera, amebiasis, typhoid, and gastroenteritis. Tank cleaning is necessary since the mud, dust, and dirt entering through water may settle at the bottom of the tank, leading to the formation of algae, and salt deposits that disturb the quality of water and hamper the flow of water through a pipe. It has been observed that the methods to clean water tanks are manual and a person needs to enter the tank to clean it. The water has to be drained out before handed, hence it is a tough and time taking task due to which cleaning of tanks gets postponed. If the tank is overhead, then it creates more problems for cleaning the tank. The benefits of this system are reduced human effort and time, avoiding exposure to chemicals that influence the health of a person entering the water tank for cleaning and reduced wastage of water.
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Sarkar, Sukumar, and Biswajit Ray. "Collective Action and Tragedy of Tank Water." Arthaniti: Journal of Economic Theory and Practice 19, no. 2 (October 10, 2019): 224–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0976747919868696.
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Tank irrigation is important in agriculture-dependent developing economies such as India. Since tank water is a common pool resource, managing tanks cost-effectively through collective action (CA) is a challenge. This notion raises the following principal questions on the tank commons: What is the relationship between transaction costs (that is, cost of cooperation) and CA? And what drive the use of tank water for irrigation? For satisfactory answers, we carried out field studies on 127 farmers of seven tank villages in the districts of Bardhaman and West Midnapore in West Bengal, India between September 2015 and May 2017. Interesting findings have emerged from our study. We notice that CAs are inversely correlated with transaction costs in the study sites. Regarding the factors influencing tank water use (WU) we find based on Logit models that CA matters in WU significantly and positively. This impact of CA on WU is also robust irrespective of the model specifications. However, low income households participate more by offering labour than money but unfortunately they seem to have no primary motives for tank reconstruction. Moreover, in communities where tanks are large, local people’s participation more in terms of labour and such participation in reconstruction of the tanks is their primary motive, and also where the institutional arrangements are both formal and informal, people tend to use tank water more. The practical implication is that the absence of Water User Association and hence proper collaborative management coupled with weak nestedness between the village people and the State is one of the major causes of inadequate tank WU, leading to the decline of the tank commons. JEL: Q01, Q25
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Alazzeh, Shatha, Stephanie Galaitsi, Amahl Bishara, Nidal Al-Azraq, and John L. Durant. "Impacts of Intermittent Water Supply on Water Quality in Two Palestinian Refugee Camps." Water 11, no. 4 (March 31, 2019): 670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11040670.
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We investigated the quality of treated drinking water in Aida Camp and Alazzah Camp, two Palestinian refugee camps in the West Bank. Water supply in the two camps is intermittent: Water deliveries are first stored in a centrally located community tank before being pumped through distribution networks to users, who then store the water in rooftop tanks. Between March 2016 and June 2017, we examined water quality within the distribution system in the camps, testing 520 samples in Aida Camp and 198 samples in Alazzah Camp for total coliforms, Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria, and residual chlorine. We observed deterioration in water quality in both camps, but the deterioration was more pronounced in Aida Camp where 2.5% of community-tank samples, 5.0% of network samples, and 10% of rooftop-tank samples contained one or more colonies (per 100 mL) of total coliform bacteria. In Alazzah Camp, 3.7% of community-tank samples, 2.5% of network samples, and 5% rooftop-tank samples contained one or more colonies (per 100 mL) of total coliform bacteria. E. coli was detected in two samples from Aida Camp and one sample from Alazzah Camp. In both camps, average residual chlorine concentrations were higher in the community tanks than in rooftop tanks. The main factor influencing water quality deterioration in rooftop tanks in Aida Camp appears to be air temperature. We recommend more systematic water testing in the camps and greater transparency in reporting test results to camp residents.
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Sindhu, Gannoju. "Water Level Detection and Monitoring Using Arduino." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 31, 2021): 2744–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36629.
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Most of the individuals in residential areas experience the problem of running out of water and overflow tanks. It becomes more difficult for the consumer to gauge the amount of water in the tank. When the pump is ON, the user will not realize that the water tank is filled, which may result in an overflow. Auto water pump switch is used to troubleshoot problems with the water tank. The consumer can use this technology to fill an empty tank without having to take any effort. When the tank is empty, the system automatically turns ON, and when the tank is filled, it automatically turns OFF. Water is not wasted with this technique
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Chaudhari, Mr Rohit Kiran. "Non-Linear Time History Analysis of an Elevated Water Tank." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 30, 2021): 4327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35939.
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It was discovered that reinforced concrete elevated water tanks with frame staging outperformed reinforced concrete elevated water tanks with shaft staging in terms of seismic resistance. These can be due to the frame staging's seismic energy absorption capability. As a result, the primary goal of this research is to better understand the seismic behavior and performance characteristics of elevated water tanks with frame staging. Furthermore, when compared to other shapes, circular tanks have the smallest surface area for a given tank size. As a result, the amount of material needed for a circular water tank is less than for other shapes. As a result, a circular water tank was chosen, and seismic analysis of elevated RC circular water tanks was carried out according to IITK-GSDMA guidelines, with the behavior of the water tank analysed for various parameters such as zone factor, soil condition, and different staging heights. SAP 2000 was used to determine the structure's modal characteristics (mode shapes and modal participation mass ratio).
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Karvekar, Asst Prof A. V. "Comparative Analysis & Design of Elevated Storage Reservoir (ESR) By Manually & Software." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 1006–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38108.
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Abstract: Water tanks are important public utility and industrial structure. The design and construction method used in reinforced concrete are influenced by the prevailing construction practices ,the physical property of the material and the climatic conditions water tanks are classified on the basis of their shape and position of structure storage reservoirs and overhead tank are used to store water all tanks are designed as crack free structure to eliminate any leakage . The principle objective of this project is to plan, analysis and design a circular overhead tank of 750lakh litters capacity. In this project all structural elements of circular water tank are analysed and design by using manually and ETAB software . this project giuesin brief ,The theory behind the design of liquid retaining structures (Elevated circular water tank ) using limit state method with reference to IS: 3370 (2009)and IS456:2000 The behaviour of structure for the parameters like story drift ,displacement stiffness ,deflection ,storey shear ,base shear , area of steel ,for circular water tank are studied on ETAB software and then comparison of the results is made between manually design By this study we say that the circular water tank analysis and design on ETAB software is more economical and safe than manually design of water tank. Keywords: Circular water tank , Seismic pressure, Population Forcasting, Limit state method ,working stress method , ETAB .
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Doi, Taiga, Takashi Futatsugi, Michio Murase, Kosuke Hayashi, Shigeo Hosokawa, and Akio Tomiyama. "Countercurrent Flow Limitation at the Junction between the Surge Line and the Pressurizer of a PWR." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/754724.
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An experimental study on countercurrent flow limitation (CCFL) in vertical pipes is carried out. Effects of upper tank geometry and water levels in the upper and lower tanks on CCFL characteristics are investigated for air-water two-phase flows at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The following conclusions are obtained: (1) CCFL characteristics for different pipe diameters are well correlated using the Kutateladze number if the tank geometry and the water levels are the same; (2) CCFL occurs at the junction between the pipe and the upper tank both for the rectangular and cylindrical tanks, and CCFL with the cylindrical tank occurs not only at the junction but also inside the pipe at high gas flow rates and small pipe diameters; (3) the flow rate of water entering into the vertical pipe at the junction to the rectangular upper tank is lower than that to the cylindrical tank because of the presence of low frequency first-mode sloshing in the rectangular tank; (4) increases in the water level in the upper tank and in the air volume in the lower tank increase water penetration into the pipe, and therefore, they mitigate the flow limitation.
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Putri, Hasanah, Atik Novianti, and Dadan Nur Ramadan. "Water Turbidity Alert System for IoT-Based Water Tank." Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences 49, no. 1 (January 28, 2022): 290–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.49.1.35.
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Water has enormous benefits in daily life; quality and quantity maintained are required to be always ensured. In Indonesia, Bandung, many people keep clean water supplies in water tanks. The habit appeared as the result of their dependency on groundwater. However, some people also have already been connected to the government's water pipeline network, but they still need to have clean water tanks for prevention. The tanks need regular maintenances to ensure the stored water remains clean. When the tanks are rarely cleaned, moss appears, clogging the water pipe. The manual process of monitoring water conditions has several weaknesses, such as needing expert staff, taking more extended time, having a greater possibility of errors, and not presenting and neatly storing documentation. This paper aims to implement a water turbidity warning system in tanks and an IoT-based scheduling system for cleaning water tanks. The system will be implemented at several points of the house or water tank and can transmit data in real-time either alternately or simultaneously. The sensor detects water turbidity, and the microprocessor control unit node is in charge of processing the sensor reading data to calibrate and classify the turbidity level. Water turbidity values and levels are sent to Firebase, which resides in the cloud. The information from Firebase is passed and displayed on the application. The turbidity level of water was categorized into three: clean, turbid, and dirty. Managers, as the service providers, and consumers can monitor the tank's condition with a warning in the form of an indicator when the tank must be cleaned.
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Campisano, Alberto, and Carlo Modica. "Appropriate resolution timescale to evaluate water saving and retention potential of rainwater harvesting for toilet flushing in single houses." Journal of Hydroinformatics 17, no. 3 (January 3, 2015): 331–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2015.022.
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The main objective of the paper is to identify the appropriate temporal scale for modeling the behavior of rainwater harvesting tanks in relation to the purpose they are built for, i.e., water saving, stormwater retention potential, etc. A tank water balance model coupled with a specific procedure to determine long-term series of rainfall (tank inflow) and toilet flushes (tank outflow) at different daily and sub-daily resolution timescales was developed. The model was applied to a household case study for which detailed water demand data are available from measurements. Simulations show that the daily scale may be reliably chosen to evaluate the tank water saving efficiency. In contrast, sub-daily resolutions (at least the hourly time step) are needed for the evaluation of the tank retention efficiency to limit inaccuracies, especially for small tanks and for high values of the water demand. Moreover, preliminary results at the 5 min time step show that rainwater tanks can help in reducing the rainfall intensity peak, basically depending on the tank storage and on the rainfall event characteristics.
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Khurshid, Hassan, and Karthik Silaipillayarputhur. "A Study on the solar radiation incident upon the overhead water tanks in Saudi Arabia with different configurations." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3 (June 14, 2018): 991. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.9530.
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Saudi Arabia is one of the warmer countries in the Middle East region. In the summer months, the ambient temperature reaches 50°C on regular basis. This high temperature has a direct effect on the elevation of water temperatures inside the domestic and commercial over-head tanks. The tanks are predominantly installed on the roof of the buildings without any shade or insulation and are exposed to the direct irradiation from the sun. The tank material is not capable of reducing the effect of solar radiation. Therefore, water gets very hot in the afternoon that it is impossible for the occupants of the residential buildings to take a shower or even wash their hands. This paper studied the effect of solar irradiation on the water temperature in the over-head storage water tanks during the summer months. The temperature rise in the water storage tank was considered for different cases, (i.e.) a free standing tank exposed to direct sun’s irradiation, a tank with shade, a tank with fiber glass insulation, and a tank having insulation along with shade. An analytical model was developed to study the effects of sun’s irradiation and the results were compared with that of experimentation. The results from the water storage tank having insulation exhibited encouraging results.
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K. Raghava Rao, Dr, Sanagala Srinija, Kukkala Hima Bindu, and D. Satish Kumar. "IOT based water level and quality monitoring system in overhead tanks." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.7 (March 18, 2018): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.7.10747.
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Water is most profitable and valuable source since it is the fundamental need of all the individuals. Now a day we are facing many issues regarding water wastage and quality monitoring in tanks. This paper proposes a proficient method to water level and quality observing in the overhead tanks to lessen the present water wastage and give better water quality. The venture is about overhead tank checking framework that is we screen the level of water in the overhead tank and furthermore we decide nature of water. Firstly, we have the issue of filling the tanks which are situated far, and for this we have executed a little hypothesis that we put level sensors in the tank, that level sensors detect the water level in the tank and sends us message about water level in the tank. Also, the second preferred standpoint is that really, we utilize different quality parameter sensors like pH and turbidity sensors to screen the water quality in the tank. In light of level of water, we can choose how much measure of water is required for specific area and give adequate measure of water as opposed to squandering water. The Raspberry Pi B+ is utilized as core controller. The composed framework applies to an IOT module for getting to sensor information from center controller to cloud. The sensor information can be seen on cloud. At last information will be assembled and through Wi-Fi information can be seen on versatile device through android app. Based on data in the app workers will be sent to clean the tank This proposed framework is a minimal effort, wireless, multi-sensor arrange for exact water monitoring in tanks.
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Tripathi, Sandesh Sagar, and Kamal Bahadur Thapa. "Seismic Performance of Elevated Reinforced Concrete Water Tanks." Journal of the Institute of Engineering 16, no. 1 (April 12, 2021): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v16i1.36535.
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Most of the codal provisions used worldwide for the design of elevated water tanks incorporates the nonlinear response through reduction factor that considers overstrength, ductility and redundancy. The majority of these codes provide a value which incorporates the demand of their geological condition and construction industry. In Nepal, there is lack of own guidelines and codes for the seismic design of elevated water tanks. In the present work, seismic performance of elevated reinforced concrete (RC) Intze type water tank is evaluated and value of the response reduction factor (R) for the design of such tank is determined. In this research work 34 models of elevated reinforced water tank were analyzed using SAP 2000 to evaluate the seismic performance with varying tank filling condition and staging height for 450 cumec and 225 cumec capacity. Based on the results, it is concluded that single value of response reduction factor cannot be justified for all heights and capacity of elevated RC water tank. So, for economical design purpose, estimation of response reduction factor with exact analysis is preferred.
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Van Meter, Kimberly J., Michael Steiff, Daniel L. McLaughlin, and Nandita B. Basu. "The socioecohydrology of rainwater harvesting in India: understanding water storage and release dynamics across spatial scales." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 7 (July 7, 2016): 2629–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2629-2016.
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Abstract. Rainwater harvesting (RWH), the small-scale collection and storage of runoff for irrigated agriculture, is recognized as a sustainable strategy for ensuring food security, especially in monsoonal landscapes in the developing world. In south India, these strategies have been used for millennia to mitigate problems of water scarcity. However, in the past 100 years many traditional RWH systems have fallen into disrepair due to increasing dependence on groundwater. This dependence has contributed to accelerated decline in groundwater resources, which has in turn led to increased efforts at the state and national levels to revive older RWH systems. Critical to the success of such efforts is an improved understanding of how these ancient systems function in contemporary landscapes with extensive groundwater pumping and shifted climatic regimes. Knowledge is especially lacking regarding the water-exchange dynamics of these RWH tanks at tank and catchment scales, and how these exchanges regulate tank performance and catchment water balances. Here, we use fine-scale, water-level variation to quantify daily fluxes of groundwater, evapotranspiration (ET), and sluice outflows in four tanks over the 2013 northeast monsoon season in a tank cascade that covers a catchment area of 28 km2. At the tank scale, our results indicate that groundwater recharge and irrigation outflows comprise the largest fractions of the tank water budget, with ET accounting for only 13–22 % of the outflows. At the scale of the cascade, we observe a distinct spatial pattern in groundwater-exchange dynamics, with the frequency and magnitude of groundwater inflows increasing down the cascade of tanks. The significant magnitude of return flows along the tank cascade leads to the most downgradient tank in the cascade having an outflow-to-capacity ratio greater than 2. At the catchment scale, the presence of tanks in the landscape dramatically alters the catchment water balance, with runoff decreasing by nearly 75 %, and recharge increasing by more than 40 %. Finally, while water from the tanks directly satisfies ∼ 40 % of the crop water requirement across the northeast monsoon season via surface water irrigation, a large fraction of the tank water is "wasted", and more efficient management of sluice outflows could lead to tanks meeting a higher fraction of crop water requirements.
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Van Meter, K. J., N. B. Basu, D. L. McLaughlin, and M. Steiff. "The socio-ecohydrology of rainwater harvesting in India: understanding water storage and release dynamics at tank and catchment scales." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 12, no. 11 (November 20, 2015): 12121–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-12121-2015.
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Abstract. Rainwater harvesting (RWH), the small-scale collection and storage of runoff for irrigated agriculture, is recognized as a sustainable strategy for ensuring food security, especially in monsoonal landscapes in the developing world. In south India, these strategies have been used for millennia to mitigate problems of water scarcity. However, in the past 100 years many traditional RWH systems have fallen into disrepair due to increasing dependence on groundwater. This dependence has contributed to an accelerated decline in groundwater resources, which has in turn led to increased efforts at the state and national levels to revive older RWH systems. Critical to the success of such efforts is an improved understanding of how these ancient systems function in contemporary landscapes with extensive groundwater pumping and shifted climatic regimes. Knowledge is especially lacking regarding the water-exchange dynamics of these RWH "tanks" at tank and catchment scales, and how these exchanges regulate tank performance and catchment water balances. Here, we use fine-scale water-level variation to quantify daily fluxes of groundwater, evapotranspiration (ET), and sluice outflows in four tanks over the 2013 northeast monsoon season in a tank cascade that covers a catchment area of 28 km2. At the tank scale, our results indicate that groundwater recharge and irrigation outflows comprise the largest fractions of the tank water budget, with ET accounting for only 13–22 % of the outflows. At the scale of the cascade, we observe a distinct spatial pattern in groundwater-exchange dynamics, with the frequency and magnitude of groundwater inflows increasing down the cascade of tanks. The significant magnitude of return flows along the tank cascade leads to the most downgradient tank in the cascade having an outflow-to capacity ratio greater than 2. The presence of tanks in the landscape dramatically alters the catchment water balance, with runoff decreasing by nearly 75 %, and recharge increasing by more than 40 %. Finally, while water from the tanks directly satisfies ~40 % of the crop water requirement across the northeast monsoon season via surface water irrigation, a large fraction of the tank water is "wasted," and more efficient management of sluice outflows could lead to tanks meeting a higher fraction of crop water requirements.
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Khedikar, Prof Amey R. "Seismic Analysis and Comparative Study of Elevated Storage Tank by GSDMA Guidelines." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 30, 2021): 5342–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36164.
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A container to store water in a huge amount of capacity can simply be called as the water tank. During the earthquakes, all these liquid storage tanks get collapsed or damaged heavily. 40 to 65 years is the feasible lifetime of an ESR in general. Shortage of drinking water, utilizing water, uncontrolled fires, etc are some unexpected events caused due to any damage or collapse of the tanks. Water tank parameters include various designs of tanks and different way of construction, materials, linings etc. Different materials are used for the construction and development of water tanks such as: - plastic, concrete, steel, fiberglass, etc. Therefore, to avoid all those unwanted events in the future various studies have been carried out regarding different types, shapes of water tanks. In this research, Elevated Service Reservoir (E.S.R) is being compared of shape Rectangular & Circular water tanks of capacity 5lakh litres and a total height of 18m with 3m, 4.5m staging height in Earthquake Zone V by Equivalent static analysis using STAAD.PRO software and referring GSDMA guidelines for the design of a tank and IS 1893 PART2-2014 code. By studying all the observations and results, it shows that Circular water tank is more preferable and economical for use.
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Davidson, J. H., D. A. Adams, and J. A. Miller. "A Coefficient to Characterize Mixing in Solar Water Storage Tanks." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 116, no. 2 (May 1, 1994): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930504.
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A dimensionless coefficient is developed to characterize the level of mixing in solar water storage tanks. The MIX number, based on the height weighted energy, or moment of energy, in the tank, ranges from 0 to 1, with 0 representing a perfectly stratified (unmixed) tank and 1 representing a fully mixed tank. Limiting values are based on theoretical determinations of the maximum and minimum values of the moment of energy in a tank without mixing and a tank with complete mixing, respectively. Use of the new MIX number is illustrated by experimental data obtained in a 372-liter storage tank operated with both a conventional drop-tube inlet and a rigid, porous stratification manifold. The initial tank temperature profile, the temperature of the water entering the tank, and test duration are varied in three testing schemes. Fluid mixing is quantified by measured vertical temperature profiles and the dimensionless MIX number.
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-, Junaldi, Titin Ritmi -, and Adityo Ferry -. "Perancang Alat Sistem Monitoring Volume Air Pada Tangki Air Berbasis Telegram Dengan Mikrokontroler NodeMCU." Jurnal Ilmiah Poli Rekayasa 16, no. 1 (October 15, 2020): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/jipr.16.1.190.
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At this time the world is experiencing a Covid-19 outbreak which has resulted in all activities being restricted and must implement health protocols to prevent the transmission of the corona virus. One of these health protocols is washing hands regularly. Padang State Polytechnic is an educational institution that applies health protocols by providing water tanks in several places so that everyone who comes to Padang State Polytechnic can wash their hands easily. The water tank available at the Padang State Polytechnic does not have a specific schedule for filling it. This causes the officer in charge to always check the condition of the water tank. At the Padang State Polytechnic, the number of water tanks available is not small. Periodic inspection of the water tank becomes ineffective and causes not all of the water to be fully filled or that there is also a tank that is not filled. Therefore, the Water Volume Monitoring System tool in a Telegram Based Water Tank with a NodeMCU Microcontroller can make it easier for officers to monitor the state of the water via telegram so that the water tank monitoring process at Padang State Polytechnic becomes more effective. The water volume monitoring system tool is built with NodeMCU Microcontroller technology and the Telegram application to check notifications.
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Lee, Chun-Te, Ping-Tsan Ho, Yen-Yi Lee, and Liang-Bi Chen. "A Research on the 4th Generation Intelligent Energy-Saving Solar Water Heating Tank." Electronics 9, no. 11 (November 18, 2020): 1941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9111941.
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Currently, the 1st generation and 2nd generation solar water heating tanks’ design is unsatisfactory in the current use situation. When hot water is used with the hot water being consumed, thus cold water will be added into the same tank at the same time, resulting in a significant drop in the temperature of the hot water in the tank and making it necessary to use an additional electric heating rod for reheating. To address this shortcoming, a 3rd generation solar water heating tank was designed to improve the situation. In other words, a “movable dividing disk” is added inside the tank to completely isolate the hot water from the cold water so that the entire tank of hot water can be 100% utilized. However, when the hot water is exhausted, the 3rd generation solar water heating tank must adopt an electric heating rod to reheat the entire tank of water or make an additional small heating tank. To solve this problem, this article develops the 4th generation intelligent energy-saving solar water heating tank, in which a “fixed dividing disk” is installed inside the water heating tank to create a cold-water heating zone of about 10% of the total capacity for local heating. This allows for an efficient and faster hot water supply, saving about 90% of energy when the first tank of hot water is used up and a separate electric heating rod is used for heating.
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Magyar, M. I., V. G. Mitchell, A. R. Ladson, and C. Diaper. "An investigation of rainwater tanks quality and sediment dynamics." Water Science and Technology 56, no. 9 (November 1, 2007): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.738.
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Rainwater tanks are being introduced into urban areas in Australia to supplement centralised potable supply systems. A pilot scale tank study and a full-scale field tank study found that heavy metal concentrations in water samples taken from the tank's supply point can, in some cases, exceed levels recommended by guidelines. Both studies also found very high concentrations of heavy metals in the sediments accumulated at the base of rainwater tanks. Laboratory experiments are underway to investigate sediment transport processes within a full-scale tank. Preliminary results demonstrate the effect of sediment resuspension on the quality of water released from the tank outlet. Improved tank designs that reduce sediment resuspension and mitigate impacts on water quality are the focus of future work.
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Indhudhar, C. M., Dr K. P. Shivananda, and Dr J. K. Dattatreya. "Cost Optimization of Elevated INTZE Water Tank." Bonfring International Journal of Man Machine Interface 4, Special Issue (July 30, 2016): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/bijmmi.8169.
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Mahmoudi-Rad, Mohammad, and Mohammad Najafzadeh. "Effects of Surge Tank Geometry on the Water Hammer Phenomenon: Numerical Investigation." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (January 27, 2023): 2312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032312.
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A surge tank, as one of the most common control facilities, is applied to control head pressure levels in long pressurized pipelines during the water hammer occurrence. The cost-effective operation of surge tanks is highly affected by their characteristics (i.e., surge tank diameter and inlet diameter of surge tanks) and can effectively reduce the repercussion of water hammers. This investigation utilized the method of characteristics (MOC) in order to simulate the behavior of transient flow at the surge tank upstream and the head pressure fluctuations regime for the hydraulic system of a hydropower dam. Firstly, the MOC model was validated by experimental observations. The various types of boundary conditions (i.e., sure tank, reservoir, branch connection of three pipes, series pipes, and downstream valve) were applied to investigate the simultaneous effects of the surge tank properties. In this way, all the simulations of water hammer equations were conducted for nine various combinations of surge tank diameter (D) and inlet diameter of surge tank (d). The results of this study indicated that for the surge tank design with D = 6 m and d = 3.4 m, head pressure fluctuations reached the minimum level in the large section of the pipeline which is the surge tank upstream. Additionally, the occurrence of the water hammer phenomenon was probable in the initial section of the pipeline.
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Tapsuwan, Sorada, Stephen Cook, and Magnus Moglia. "Willingness to Pay for Rainwater Tank Features: A Post-Drought Analysis of Sydney Water Users." Water 10, no. 9 (September 6, 2018): 1199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10091199.
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The Millennium Drought across Australia during the 2000s placed cities under pressure in providing urban water security. In Sydney, Australia’s largest city, a comprehensive water demand programme triggered a significant reduction in per capita water consumption. The water demand programme included incentives for the installation of rainwater tanks. This paper explores the willingness to pay (WTP) for rainwater tank features in the post-drought context. Rainwater tanks have been demonstrated as an effective measure to reduce mains water demand, but they also provide broader environmental and economic benefits, such as the reduction of urban runoff to waterways and deferred capital investment in augmenting capacity of water supply system. Therefore, there is the need to better understand WTP for rainwater tank features across the community. An online survey was administered to a sample of Sydney households, with 127 respondents completing a rainwater tank choice experiment that explored their WTP for different rainwater tank features and the socio-psychological constructs that might influence their tendency to adopt rainwater tanks. The results demonstrated that householders surveyed valued slimline rainwater tanks, as they are likely to be less obstructive, particularly given the trend for smaller lot sizes and increased building size. Householders also placed greater value on connecting the rainwater tank to outdoor demands, which may be influenced by perceived vulnerability of outdoor uses to water restrictions relative to indoor uses. The survey analysis also identified that the householders most receptive to installing a rainwater tank are likely to be conformists, who compare themselves to peers, and spend significant effort when making decisions, and are already taking actions to conserve water. The findings are of significance when targeting future education programmes and designing financial incentives to encourage rainwater tank adoption.
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Slater, W. M. "Concrete water tanks in Ontario." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 12, no. 2 (June 1, 1985): 325–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l85-035.
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Since 1981, an Ontario provincial government study has been undertaken on the 53 concrete water tanks built in the province since 1956. Results of mainly external, but some internal, inspections, condition surveys, and ratings on an ascending 0–9 scale revealed a wide range in performance. This varied from failed tanks, rated 0 (two tanks), to very good performance, rated 9. The ratings were generally related to the tank types and construction method used. The best performance was exhibited by posttensioned bonded (PTB) types. The survey results and defects analysed revealed various problems and causes. These varied from specific construction methodology faults, such as slipform jack rods (pipes) left in the walls of certain types of tank, which filled with water and froze, to common defects, such as cold joints, experienced in all types, leading to leakage and freezing, and ice expansion in voids in tank walls during the winter. Actual concrete tensile stresses induced by internal ice formations, thermal gradients, and shrinkage stresses were found to be higher than those used in most designs or allowed in international codes or standards. As a result of the study, a provincial government rehabilitation programme for ministry-built tanks in need of repairs and leakproofing was started in mid-1982 in the order of priority ratings established during the study.
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Mankar, Priyanka M., H. R. Nikhade, Er Minal Dehadrai, and Khalid Ansari. "Analysis of Circular Elevated Service Reservoir Using STAAD Pro by Considering the Effect of Continuity." Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias 11, no. 4 (July 22, 2021): 2603–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/revistageintec.v11i4.2303.
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In most regions of the country, early damage of elevated water tanks during their service life is becoming an increasing concern. The majority of damage occurs in tanks due to a lack of knowledge in design and ignoring continuity effect. Elevated water tank are used for storage of water at certain height and supplying water for essential usage. Hence damage of such structure endanger supply of drinking water and severe economical losses. The main purpose of this research is to determine the importance of continuity analysis in practical application and use of staadpro software to analyse an elevated circular water tank. The bottom joint of water tank is examined using continuity effect. This is the common joint where base slab, wall, bottom rings beam, gallery, column and base beam join. water tank is subjected to self-weight and hydrostatic Pressure due to water. Continuity effect increase stress, Hoop tension, BM hence its necessary to consider its effect while designing the tank. The results obtained from staadpro software is nearly same with manual result. This indicated that staadpro is suitable for design and analysis of water tanks. Three model having capacity of 55 m3, 125 m3 and 221 m3 situated in yavatmal, buldana and ramtek district is taken for analysis. Seismic analysis and wind analysis is also carried out on this model for safety purpose.
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Yang, Li Zhong, Jie Wu, Ya Cai Hu, and Rong Hua Hong. "Numerical Analysis of the Performance of Dual-Tank with Movable Baffle for Heat Pump Water Heater." Applied Mechanics and Materials 331 (July 2013): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.331.88.
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The design of a new type of water tank for heat pump water heater is proposed. A movable baffle is set in the cylindrical water tank to prevent the mixture of hot and cold water in order to enable more hot water available for utilizing. The COP of the heat pump cycle increased due to the decrease of initial heating temperature, thus energy is saved. By numerical calculation, the performance of the new design is significantly better than previous water tanks. Comparing with the floating plate tank and common natural stratification tank, in the condition of water leaking 3% and Chrome-nickel steel wall, the available hot water efficiency of dual-tank with movable baffle is 40% and 50% higher and the energy consumption 12.3% and 13.9% lower. Moreover, little water leaking could increase the available hot water.
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Hernandez-Lopez, R. D., V. G. Tzatchkov, A. Martin-Dominguez, and V. H. Alcocer-Yamanaka. "Study of hydraulics and mixing in roof tanks used in intermittent water supply." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 6, no. 4 (October 4, 2016): 547–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2016.147.
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Roof tanks are common in low and middle income countries, due to the intermittent water supply. Their hydraulic and water mixing behaviour has not been studied. This paper presents the results of a study on mixing and water demand in roof tanks, based on physical and numerical models. Tracer tests were carried out on a real scale transparent wall laboratory model of a roof tank, and a three-parameter residence time distribution model was applied, showing that the model that best describes mixing in roof water tanks is the one with a completely stirred flow reactor with a small portion of bypassing. This result was confirmed by computational fluid dynamic simulations and visual observation. The instantaneous water flow derived from activating typical home water-using fixtures was measured at the pipe feeding the tank, the pipe exiting the tank, and without a roof tank. Stochastic water demand patterns were generated with the measured data and used in the numerical model of a small distribution network. Based on this model it was found that water demand and pipe flow behave differently in continuous and intermittent water supply networks. The instantaneous flow rate withdrawn from the water distribution network pipes is lower in systems with roof tanks.
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Lazarte, Alejandro I., William Fullmer, and Martín Bertodano. "Experimental Validation of RELAP5 and TRACE5 for Licensing Studies of the Boron Injection System of Atucha II." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2011 (2011): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/693245.
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This paper presents an experimental validation of RELAP5 and TRACE5 for licensing studies of the Atucha II-PHWR nuclear power plant. A scaled experimental facility, representing the boron injection system of Atucha II, was built. The system has a fundamental importance for loss of coolant accidents (LOCA) and anticipated transients without scram (ATWS). The experiment consists of the discharge of a tank that represents the boron tank filled with air or a mixture of air-water onto a discharge tank that represents the moderator tank. Both tanks are connected by a pipe which includes a valve and an orifice plate to model the pressure losses due to the fittings in the real system. The pressure and water level measured in the tanks are compared with the RELAP5 and TRACE5 predictions. The codes predict the pressure in the tanks accurately. However, both codes overpredict the heat transfer in the boron tank air-water interface which produces a greater expansion of the air which leads to a small discrepancy in the boron tank level prediction.
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Arendze, S., and M. S. Sibiya. "Comparing the flow dynamics and particle settling in full-scale sedimentation tanks of different lengths." Water Supply 17, no. 4 (December 15, 2016): 998–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2016.187.
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The efficiency of sedimentation is dependent on settling tank design and operation, where the streamlined solid–liquid separation results in water of safe potable quality. It is therefore important that the tank design and operation are sufficiently optimised. Sedimentation tanks are commonly overdesigned, leading to unwarranted capital expenditure, and overloading. This study used computational fluid dynamics to model the current conditions of two full-scale sedimentation tanks of different lengths at a large drinking water treatment plant in South Africa, using the shear stress transport turbulence model. The flow dynamics and the polyelectrolyte flocculated particle settling efficiency between the short tank and the long tank were compared. Recirculation zones near the inlet were pronounced in the short tank, which resulted in particles being drawn towards the outlets. The flow in the long tank isolated the inlet and outlet, with low particle volume fractions and particle velocities at the weirs. The particle removal in both tanks was greater than 99%; however, removal was higher in the long tank (99.86%), hence it was more efficient despite greater infrastructure cost. Computational fluid dynamics modelling is a tremendous operational tool which can review the performance of alternative tank designs and provide valuable input into future design.
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Xie, Ling, Liu Tian, Lulu Yang, Yifei Lv, and Qianru Li. "Review on application of phase change material in water tanks." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 9, no. 7 (July 2017): 168781401770359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814017703596.
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Latent heat storage with phase change material is a superior way of storing thermal energy because of its high thermal storage density, isothermal nature of the storage process, and easy control. In recent years, latent heat storage systems have been increasingly used in building energy conservation, solar heating systems, and waste heat recovery systems. The water tank as a key component of solar heating systems has been widely applied in practical applications. This article first reviews the research on the water tank integrated with phase change material in terms of existing research methods and heat transfer enhancing technologies and then summarizes the applications of various phase change material–based water tanks. Finally, the further research suggestions on the phase change material–based water tank are proposed in this article. The successful completion of this review will not only deepen the understanding on the research development of phase change material–based water tank but also promote practical applications of such water tanks in solar heating systems.
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Jendželovský, Norbert, and Lenka Uhlířová. "Rectangular tank under the seismic load." MATEC Web of Conferences 313 (2020): 00022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202031300022.
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Tanks have been currently used for the storage of various substances, in particular as drinking water storage tanks and for storage of various technical fluids. Rectangular tanks have advantages over cylindrical tanks, such as: lower sensitivity to unilateral loads and better use of space when used in a system of tanks. The rectangular tank analyzed in this article is filled with water. During the dynamic analysis of the tank, it was loaded by an accelerogram of a natural earthquake. In the calculation, the method of direct integration over time was used, considering damping. From the accelerogram a response spectrum was generated and applied as an additional loading of the tank. The static model of the tank was created in the ANSYS program, which works on the basis of the finite element method (FEM).
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Rehbein, Karen, Frankie Tsang, Virginia Jorgensen, and Emily Peterson. "Floatation tank associatedPseudomonas aeruoginosainfection." Environmental Health Review 62, no. 2 (June 2019): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5864/d2019-009.
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Floatation tank water contains a high concentration of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), which should be unfavorable to most microorganisms that are not salt tolerant. The high salt concentration also means that users of floatation tanks are more likely to shower after floating and are less likely to float with open sores, get water in their eyes, or ingest the floatation tank water. In addition, the number of daily users is relatively stable. However, despite these factors, pathogens commonly associated with pool or hot tub use can still be found in floatation tanks. A clinical case of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection associated with exposure to a floatation tank was investigated by Vancouver Coastal Health. The investigation resulted in the issuance of a closure order to the operator of the facility. A clinical specimen obtained from the complainant and a water sample from the implicated floatation tank both tested positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, although, the isolates were markedly different. The possible explanations for this laboratory outcome are presented. This case study illustrates that a disruption of floatation tank water filtration, disinfection, salinity, or a combination of some or all of these factors, may result in conditions favorable for bacterial survival, growth, and disease transmission.
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Graham, Jay P., and James VanDerslice. "The effectiveness of large household water storage tanks for protecting the quality of drinking water." Journal of Water and Health 5, no. 2 (June 1, 2007): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2007.011b.
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Many communities along the US-México border remain without infrastructure for water and sewage. Residents in these communities often collect and store their water in open 55-gallon drums. This study evaluated changes in drinking water quality resulting from an intervention that provided large closed water storage tanks (2,500-gallons) to individual homes lacking a piped water supply. After the intervention, many of the households did not change the source of their drinking water to the large storage tanks. Therefore, water quality results were first compared based on the source of the household's drinking water: store or vending machine, large tank, or collected from a public supply and transported by the household. Of the households that used the large storage tank as their drinking water supply, drinking water quality was generally of poorer quality. Fifty-four percent of samples collected prior to intervention had detectable levels of total coliforms, while 82% of samples were positive nine months after the intervention (p < 0.05). Exploratory analyses were also carried out to measure water quality at different points between collection by water delivery trucks and delivery to the household's large storage tank. Thirty percent of the samples taken immediately after water was delivered to the home had high total coliforms (>10 CFU/100 ml). Mean free chlorine levels dropped from 0.43 mg/l, where the trucks filled their tanks, to 0.20 mg/l inside the household's tank immediately after delivery. Results of this study have implications for interventions that focus on safe water treatment and storage in the home, and for guidelines regarding the level of free chlorine required in water delivered by water delivery trucks.
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Verma, Siddhnath. "Seismic Analysis of Circular Water Tank Designed by Indian Standard Code and Euro Code." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 10 (October 31, 2021): 635–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38464.
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Abstract: Water tanks are widely used for storage of drinking water. Water tanks and especially the elevated water tanks are structures of high importance which are considered as main lifeline elements that should be capable of keeping the expected performance i.e. operation during and after earthquakes. In this research paper, the analysis of the seismic behaviour of the elevated circular water tank by Indian standard code and Euro code is carried being carried out. The analysis is carried out on 35 cubic meter capacity elevated circular water tank in zone III and spectrum zone II and on three different soil conditions i.e. hard soil, medium soil and soft soil using ETABS software as per Indian standard code and European standard code. The results of base shear, base moment, storey displacement and storey drift are obtained from both codal provisions. Keywords: Elevated water tank, Seismic response, Etabs, Base shear, Base moment
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Verma, Siddhnath. "Seismic Analysis of Circular Water Tank Designed by Indian Standard Code and Euro Code." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 10 (October 31, 2021): 635–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38464.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract: Water tanks are widely used for storage of drinking water. Water tanks and especially the elevated water tanks are structures of high importance which are considered as main lifeline elements that should be capable of keeping the expected performance i.e. operation during and after earthquakes. In this research paper, the analysis of the seismic behaviour of the elevated circular water tank by Indian standard code and Euro code is carried being carried out. The analysis is carried out on 35 cubic meter capacity elevated circular water tank in zone III and spectrum zone II and on three different soil conditions i.e. hard soil, medium soil and soft soil using ETABS software as per Indian standard code and European standard code. The results of base shear, base moment, storey displacement and storey drift are obtained from both codal provisions. Keywords: Elevated water tank, Seismic response, Etabs, Base shear, Base moment
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Kim, Mikyeong, Gippeum Bak, and Mooyoung Han. "Comparing the microbial characteristics of rainwater in two operating rainwater tanks with different surface-to-volume ratios." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 3 (August 1, 2011): 627–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.626.
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In this study, the microbial characteristics of rainwater in two tanks with different surface-to-volume ratios were investigated and compared to determine how the internal design features of storage tanks affect water quality. The particle and nutrient parameters of the rainwater, including turbidity, suspended solids, total organic carbon, and total phosphate, were lower in Tank 2, which had a surface-to-volume ratio 7.5 times greater than that of Tank 1. In addition, although the rainwater was collected from the same catchment area, the water in Tank 1 had greater numbers of bacteria, and the bacterial communities in the water differed between the two storage tanks. It appears that the differences in the inside surface structures of the rainwater tanks affected the microbial ecosystems. Increasing the surface-to-volume ratio in rainwater tanks may affect rainwater quality, because this extends the area for biofilm development. Further study of the role of biofilm in rainwater tank is required precisely, and its function needs to be considered in the design and management of rainwater tanks.
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Hadj-Djelloul, Nasser Dine, and M. Djermane. "Effect of Geometric Imperfection on the Dynamic of Elevated Water Tanks." Civil Engineering Journal 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2020-03091455.
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The elevated tanks are considered as very sensitive structures in seismic movement condition. Moreover, the conical steel tank manufacturing without local geometric imperfection seems to be too difficult. In generally, the latter is the most responsible factor to define the shell structures buckling capacity. For this reason, several theoretical and experimental researchers studied the performance of this type of structure under seismic loading. The present study aims to demonstrate the local geometric imperfection effect on dynamic buckling of elevated water tank. Using the three dimensions finite element technique to study the seismic response of perfect and imperfect elevated water tank was established taking into account the following factors; the interaction fluid structure (FSI), the wall flexibility, the local geometric imperfection, the nonlinear time history analysis, the material and geometric nonlinearity, and this by the application of three different instability criteria for the critical PGA estimate. The critical PGA of the imperfect elevated water tank numerical models decreased by 45, 45% compared to the elevated water tank numerical model without local geometric imperfection. The obtained results confirm the local geometric imperfection effect on dynamic buckling of elevated water tanks.
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Ghosh, Aparna Dey, Soumi Bhattacharyya, and Anuja Roy. "On the Seismic Performance of Elevated Water Tanks and their Control Using TLDs." Key Engineering Materials 569-570 (July 2013): 270–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.569-570.270.
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The post-earthquake function of elevated water tank structures so as respond to the civil water requirements is of extreme significance. These structures are, however, extremely vulnerable to seismic conditions and there has been substantial damage/failure of several such structures during major earthquakes. A review of the damage and performance of some elevated water tanks subjected to earthquakes is presented in this paper. An investigation is also made on the seismic vibration control of elevated water tank structures by using Tuned Liquid Dampers (TLDs). A frequency domain formulation for the transfer function of the elevated water tank with attached TLDs is developed. Numerical studies on a reinforced concrete elevated water tank with shaft type support are carried out. The effect of detuning on the performance of the TLDs due to the change in the structural frequencies resulting from the fluctuating water level in the water tank is also examined. Results indicate that it is possible to design a fairly robust and effective TLD system for the seismic vibration mitigation of the considered elevated water tank.
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Ramabrahmam, Koppuravuri, Venkata Reddy Keesara, Raghavan Srinivasan, Deva Pratap, and Venkataramana Sridhar. "Flow Simulation and Storage Assessment in an Ungauged Irrigation Tank Cascade System Using the SWAT Model." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (November 27, 2021): 13158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313158.
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In the semi-arid regions of South Asia, tank systems are the major source of irrigation. In India, the Telangana state government has initiated the Mission Kakatiya program to rejuvenate irrigation tank systems. Understanding the hydrological processes that supply water to these systems is critical to the success of these types of programs in India. The current study attempted to comprehend the hydrological processes and flow routing in the Salivagu watershed tank cascade system in Telangana. There are a lot of ungauged tank cascade systems in this region. Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), a physically-based model, was used to simulate flow patterns in the Salivagu watershed with and without tank systems. The geospatially extracted area and volume were used for this study provided by WBIS-Bhuvan-NRSC. Additionally, the Katakshapur Tank Cascade System (KTCS) was chosen to analyze the water availability in each tank using the water balance approach. The Salivagu watershed flow simulation without tanks overestimated streamflow. The volume difference in flow between with and without tank was 606 Mm3, 615.9 Mm3, and 1011 Mm3 in 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. The SWAT simulated volumes of the Ramchandrapur and Dharmaraopalle tanks in KTCS were merely satisfied because the tank size was less than 0.7 km2 and the storage capacity was up to 1 Mm3. Due to tank sizes more than 0.8 km2 and capacities greater than 2 Mm3, the Mallampalli and Katakshapur tank simulation findings were in good agreement with WBIS-Bhuvan-NRSC. This research advances our understanding of the hydrological processes in ungauged cascading tank systems in tropical semi-arid regions.
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Mahdewa, Prakash, and Mrs Kirti Sahu Tirpude. "Design The Circular Water Tank by Using the STAAD Pro Software." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 1678–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42622.
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Abstract: Water tank are very useful for storage of water to involve the consumption of water we need to hold on to the capacity of water as much required. Now a day’s storage tank are suitable for all types of environment we live as old a civilized technique. Water is the common need for all the living organisms to survive. Portable water is imperative for good health of human beings. It is most important to supply portable water to every individual and every faction; hence it is very requisite to store water. Water is generally stored in the tanks the stored water is supplied to every faction through pipelines. In the project, we have planned and designed a circular reinforced cement concrete water tank. A circular tank is manually designed. It is further analyzed using the debut analysis software STAADPRO.
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Kasman, Monik, Marhadi Marhadi, and Imam Mahdi Azwar. "Evaluasi dan Redesain Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (Studi Kasus: Hotel X Kota Jambi)." Jurnal Daur Lingkungan 5, no. 2 (September 1, 2022): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/daurling.v5i2.155.
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Hotels produce wastewater as much as 80% of the total use of clean water, the wastewater is categorized as domestic wastewater. Hotel X is a 4-star hotel with a need for clean water of 64,396 m3/day and the waste water produced is 49.33 m3/day. Based on observations and evaluations, it was concluded that Hotel X's wastewater was treated at the WWTP with performance that was still not optimal. So that the method used in this research is descriptively analyzing primary and secondary data, then proceed with evaluation and redesign of certain WWTP units based on existing conditions in the field. Laboratory test results show that the parameters that do not meet the quality standards are TSS 136 mg/L, BOD5 56 mg/L, and COD 174 mg/L, so the units that need to be evaluated based on existing conditions consists of grit chamber units, equalizing tanks, anaerobic tank, aerobic tanks, sludge tanks and sedimentation tanks. Based on the results of the evaluation on the existing WWTP unit at Hotel X, there are WWTP units that need to be optimized, namely equalizing tanks and aerobic tanks, where the detention time exceeds the design criteria. Redesign of dimensional changes to the equalizing tank and aerobic tank units. Based on the calculation results, the detention time in the equalizing tank was 8.5 hours and in the aerobic tank 14.38 hours. The equalizing tank unit has been modified to a depth of 2 m to reduce detention time in the initial processing to 6.8 hours, while for the aerobic tank 2 unit, it is modified to a width of 2.5 m and a length of 2.5 m, the length and width of the aerobic tank unit 2 is equated with the size of tube 1 to reduce detention time in processing to 7.6 hours.
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Dhabarde, Ms Ankita S., and Dr Tushar G. Shende. "Review on Comparative Analysis of Water Tank Rest on Ground." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 1124–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.48713.
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Abstract: Water is the basic need of all living organisms for survival. Portable water is essential for good human health. It is important to provide portable water to every individual and every community; therefore it is very important to save water. Usually, water is stored in tanks and then the stored water is delivered through pipelines to each location. Usually, a water tank resting on the ground is a tank for storing water. This case study gives an idea of a safer and more economical design with greater reliability and simplicity. This article helps to understand the philosophy of safe tank optimization. For the safe and economical design of the tank, this study provides various design requirements that affect the strength and support of the structure. This case study is conducted on a reinforced concrete liquid containment structure resting on the ground.
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Y, Sukhi. "Water Tank Electricity Generator." Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias 11, no. 4 (July 15, 2021): 3316–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/revistageintec.v11i4.2373.
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G S, Dr Mamatha, and Lakshminarayana V K. "Automatic Controller Service Package for Tank Water Management." International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer Science & Technology 7, no. 4 (July 2019): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ijircst.2019.7.4.2.
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Umare, Akshay C., and Saifan Makandar. "Stress Analysis With Different Geometry of Water Tank." Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education 15, no. 2 (April 1, 2018): 608–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29070/15/56935.
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Alsehli, M., B. Saleh, A. Elfasakhany, Ayman A. Aly, and M. M. Bassuoni. "Experimental study of a novel solar multi-effect distillation unit using alternate storage tanks." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 10, no. 2 (March 17, 2020): 120–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2020.068.
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Abstract In recent years, the use of solar energy has been growing exponentially and applied in a wider range of applications; one of the important applications for using solar energy is water desalination. The current work investigates the proof of concept experimental setup for a novel solar multi-effect distillation (MED) using alternate storage tanks. The experimental setup consists of a MED unit, two thermal storage tanks, and a solar collector. One storage tank is used as a charging tank while the other tank is used as a discharging tank. This unique dual-tank system stores the thermal energy to be used later in the MED unit, which improves the control of the water mass flow rate and water temperature throughout the MED process. The peak temperature achieved every day in the charging tank determines the MED production capacity. This system is designed for the tanks to alternate roles every 24 hours. The testing of this design was carried out during May 2019 in Saudi Arabia. The experimental results prove the novel concept design to work efficiently providing an average production rate of about 21 kg/day with total solar collector area of 2.7 m2 and average daily performance ratio of 2.5.
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CASON, J. A., A. HINTON, and K. D. INGRAM. "Coliform, Escherichia coli, and Salmonellae Concentrations in a Multiple-Tank, Counterflow Poultry Scalder." Journal of Food Protection 63, no. 9 (September 1, 2000): 1184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-63.9.1184.
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Scald water samples from a commercial broiler processing plant were tested for coliforms, Escherichia coli, and salmonellae to evaluate the numbers of suspended bacteria in a multiple-tank, counterflow scalder. Water samples were taken from each of three tanks on 8 different days after 6-week-old broilers had been processed for 8 h. Coliforms and E. coli were counted using Petrifilm, and the most probable number (MPN) of salmonellae was determined both in water samples and in rinses of defeathered carcasses that were removed from the processing line immediately after taking the water samples. Mean coliform concentrations in tanks 1, 2, and 3 (the last tank that carcasses pass through before being defeathered) were 3.4, 2.0, and 1.2 log10(CFU/ml), respectively. E. coli concentrations followed the same pattern with means of 3.2, 1.5, and 0.8 in tanks 1, 2, and 3, respectively, with significant differences (P < 0.02) in the concentrations of both coliforms and E. coli between the tanks. Sixteen of 24 scald-water samples were positive for salmonellae with a geometric mean of 10.9 MPN/100 ml in the positive samples. Salmonellae were isolated from seven of eight water samples from both tanks 1 and 2, but in only two of eight water samples from tank 3, the last tank that carcasses pass through. It appears that most bacteria removed from carcasses during scalding are washed off during the early part of scalding.
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Kadlec, Zdeněk, Miloš Kvarčák, Adam Thomitzek, and Martin Trčka. "Water Supply for Cooling Tertiary Containments for High Storage Tanks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 820 (January 2016): 391–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.820.391.
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This paper presents a numerical investigation of water supply for cooling tertiary containment wall. These type of tanks are used as a part of petroleum high storage tank. Minimum quantity reasonably needed is perform by heat – balance equation. The calculation in is done for the most heat stressed wall part for a case when neighbouring tank is on fire.
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Nakic, Domagoj, Bojan Djurin, Julian Hunt, and Sara Dadar. "A Novel Procedure for Minimizing the Volume of Water Tanks in Water Supply Systems." Water 14, no. 11 (May 28, 2022): 1731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14111731.
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Due to the complexity of calculating the minimum required volume of water tanks and the associated regime of pumping water into the tank depending on the consumption pattern in the water supply systems, finding the functional dependence of these variables is a complex process. The main idea of this paper was to provide a methodology for the calculation of the minimum water tank volume considering all input variables, which could be used in a simple and applicable way in everyday water supply management and engineering. As a final product, a desktop application TankOPT was developed that is easy to run and use on a PC with a user-friendly interface for data entry (data on maximum daily consumption and the pattern of daily water consumption). A software solution was created based on a numerical model that simplifies the usual manual calculations using known spreadsheet software and solves this problem. The solution was determined with combinations of the start and duration of water pumping in the water tank, for which the minimum required volume of the tank is obtained. JavaScript programming language was used to create the app. The use and operation of the application are shown through two hypothetical examples.