Journal articles: 'Water supply security'

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Tchórzewska-Cieślak, Barbara. "Security management of water supply." Journal of KONBiN 41, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 171–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jok-2017-0009.

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Abstract The main aim of this work is to present operational problems concerning the safety of the water supply and the procedures for risk management systems functioning public water supply (CWSS) and including methods of hazard identification and risk assessment. Developed a problem analysis and risk assessment, including procedures called. WSP, which is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a tool for comprehensive security management of water supply from source to consumer. Water safety plan is a key element of the strategy for prevention of adverse events in CWSS.

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Mehta, Meera, Dinesh Mehta, and Jaladhi Vavaliya. "Urban drinking water security in Gujarat." Journal of Social and Economic Development 23, S1 (February 18, 2021): 166–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40847-020-00122-0.

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AbstractGujarat has made important strides to ensure that most parts of the state become water secure. In 2005, Gujarat was one of the few states that recognized that its urban areas were its ‘engines of growth’ and made significant investments in urban infrastructure. A state-wide water supply grid was constructed to transfer inter-basin water from perennial surface water sources to water-scarce areas. While these schemes have improved household-level access to municipal water supply, service levels have not improved. In this paper, we argue that along with infrastructure creation, there is a need to focus on monitoring, operation and maintenance of existing system and improving efficiency. We analyze information available from the performance assessment system (PAS) setup by the CEPT University for monitoring of urban services in India. It has annual information of water service delivery in all the urban areas of Gujarat from 2010. We assess urban drinking water supply on three key aspects: equity, service quality and financial sustainability. We also identify a few key intervention areas related to increased accountability, efficiency and equity in delivery of water supply services.

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Wang, Jianhua, Baodeng Hou, Dachuan Jiang, Weihua Xiao, Yongxiang Wu, Yong Zhao, Yuyan Zhou, Chongshan Guo, and Gaoxu Wang. "Optimal Allocation of Water Resources Based on Water Supply Security." Water 8, no. 6 (June 2, 2016): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w8060237.

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Sun, Menglu, and Takaaki Kato. "The Effect of Urban Agriculture on Water Security: A Spatial Approach." Water 14, no. 16 (August 17, 2022): 2529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14162529.

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This study aimed to examine the influence of agricultural development under urbanization on agriculture water supply internalization. Water supply internalization is the process of measuring water security to estimate the degree of water supply sustainably by region inside. According to water users, Water supply internalization could be divided into Agriculture and urban water supply internalization. Agriculture and urban water supply internalization are calculated in this study. This study employed a spatial model to analyze agricultural water supply internalization and its influencing factors. The results showed that the agriculture development associated with agricultural population and crop typology impacts agricultural water supply internalization. Urban water supply internalization increases lead to an increase in agricultural water supply internalization. The agricultural population’s spatial agglomerations lead to increased agricultural water supply internalization. Agricultural population’s spatial agglomerations mean neighborhood city agriculture population share similar trend. Agricultural and urban water supply internalization have spatial autoconnection. The study area consisted of 30 cities in four provinces in North China: Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, and Shandong.

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Qiao, Jianhong, David Jeong, Mark Lawley, Jean-Philippe P. Richard, Dulcy M. Abraham, and Yuehwern Yih. "Allocating security resources to a water supply network." IIE Transactions 39, no. 1 (January 2007): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07408170600865400.

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Krueger, Elisabeth, P. Suresh C. Rao, and Dietrich Borchardt. "Quantifying urban water supply security under global change." Global Environmental Change 56 (May 2019): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2019.03.009.

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Bernabé-Crespo, Miguel Borja, Encarnación Gil-Meseguer, and José M. Gómez-Espín. "Desalination and water security in Southeastern Spain." Journal of Political Ecology 26, no. 1 (September 19, 2019): 486. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v26i1.22911.

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The Segura Hydrographic Demarcation (DHS), in Southeastern Spain, is an area of hydric deficit caused by low and irregular rainfall and a dense population. In this region water scarcity is a burning issue that polarizes society for or against different models of ensuring water supply. Given the current demand for water throughout Spain, desalination has been used to increase water supply, and as insurance against drought. Ten seawater desalination plants and hundreds of brackish aquifer desalination plants treat water in the Southeast of the Iberian Peninsula, both for human consumption and for irrigation, contributing to economic, energetic, processual and economic aspects of territorial organization in the Southeast of Spain. This article reviews debates over desalination, water transfers, and the best way to meet water demands in that region. While desalination allows an increase in water supply, dependence on that source increases energy costs and may lead to mistaken assumptions among users about water scarcity and availability.Keywords: seawater desalination, brackish aquifer desalination, human water supply, social debate, irrigation, Southeast of Spain

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Sun, Hao Sen, Dong Yang, Zai Qiang Lou, and Yun Ting Zhang. "Discussion on Security Problem of Water Quality of Urban Water Supply in China." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 3352–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.3352.

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The security problem of water quality is the most important problem of the urban water supply and must be solved in China.The article discusses this question,analyzes its influence factors and puts forward several targeted measures.This article has important guiding significance and practical value for solving the security problem of water quality of urban water supply.

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Morley, Kevin M., and Jerry P. Brashear. "Protecting the Water Supply." Mechanical Engineering 132, no. 01 (January 1, 2010): 34–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2010-jan-3.

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This article highlights various features of risk and resilience standard developed by the ASME-ITI and American Water Works Association. The American Water Works Association and ASME Innovative Technologies Institute have jointly developed an American National Standard to enhance the security and resilience of drinking water and wastewater systems. The ASME-ITI, under the Department of Homeland Security’s sponsorship, initiated discussions with the water sector to consider the development of sector-level guidance based on RAMCAP Plus. The RAMCAP Plus process is composed of seven interrelated analytic steps, which provides a foundation for data collection and interpretation, analysis, and decision making valuable for understanding and managing risk and resilience. The process is designed to guide the selection of options that reduce risk and increase resilience, including informing funding decisions. The joint standard fulfils the need identified in the water sector-specific plan. It facilitates the reduction of risk and the enhancement of resilience at water and wastewater systems across America.

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Assefa, Yonas, Mukand Babel, Janez Sušnik, and Victor Shinde. "Development of a Generic Domestic Water Security Index, and Its Application in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Water 11, no. 1 (December 25, 2018): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11010037.

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Water security is a global concern because of the growing impact of human activities and climate change on water resources. Studies had been performed at global, country, and city level to assess the water security issues. However, assessment of water security at a domestic scale is lacking. This paper develops a new domestic water security assessment framework accounting for water supply, sanitation, and hygiene through twelve indicators. Water supply, sanitation, and hygiene are central to key water-related sustainable development goals. The framework is subsequently applied to the city of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. From the domestic water security assessment of Addis Ababa, the water supply dimension was found to be of good level, whereas the sanitation and hygiene dimensions were of poor and fair level, respectively, indicating both a challenge and an opportunity for development. Because the analysis is spatially explicit at the city-branch level (in Addis), variation in domestic water security performance across Addis Ababa can be assessed, allowing efficient targeting of scant resources (financial, technical, personnel). Analysis further shows that a lack of institutional capacity within the utility, existing infrastructure leading to ‘lock-in’ and hindering maintenance and upgrade initiatives, and an unreliable power supply are the main issues leading to poor domestic water security in the study city. These areas should be tackled to improve the current situation and mitigate future problems. The developed framework is generic enough to be applied to other urban and peri-urban areas, yet provides planners and policy makers with specific information on domestic water security considering water supply, sanitation and hygiene, and accounting for within-city variability. This work could therefore have practical applicability for water service providers.

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Biswas-Tortajada, Andrea. "The Gujarat State-Wide Water Supply Grid: a step towards water security." International Journal of Water Resources Development 30, no. 1 (January 2, 2014): 78–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2013.871971.

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Bross, Lisa, Steffen Krause, Mia Wannewitz, Eva Stock, Simone Sandholz, and Ina Wienand. "Insecure Security: Emergency Water Supply and Minimum Standards in Countries with a High Supply Reliability." Water 11, no. 4 (April 9, 2019): 732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11040732.

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Drinking water supply is at the core of both, humanitarian action in times of crisis, as well as national policies for regular and emergency supply. In countries with a continuous water supply, the population mostly relies ingenuously on the permanent availability of tap water due to high supply standards. In case of a disruption in the drinking water infrastructure, minimum supply standards become important for emergency management during disasters. However, wider recognition of this issue is still lacking, particularly in countries facing comparably fewer disruptions. Several international agencies provide guideline values for minimum water provision standards in case of a disaster. Acknowledging that these minimum standards were developed for humanitarian assistance, it remains to be analyzed whether these standards apply to disaster management in countries with high supply standards. Based on a comprehensive literature review of scientific publications and humanitarian guidelines, as well as policies from selected countries, current processes, contents, and shortcomings of emergency water supply planning are assessed. To close the identified gaps, this paper flags potential improvements for emergency water supply planning and identifies future fields of research.

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K, Gopinath, Manin Thomas, Chandru T, Sandeep S, and Abishek Prabakaran Ramkumar,. "Smart Water Supply and Management System." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) 11, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.c7270.0911322.

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A smart water management system basically refers to a system created to collect information on the distribution, pressure, and flow of water in a city or town. Our principal objective is to improve the current system for managing and meeting the water needs of urban areas. Our goals include meeting urban areas' water needs while [1] ensuring sustainability and security, developing a rainwater harvesting system nearby the water treatment facility for additional use, developing a mechanism to identify the source of leaks and water shortagesin the supply system, and comingup with ways to reuse waste water from the washing machineand kitchen faucets.

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14

Wallen, A., T. Woodward, and R. Powell. "Security and redundancy in trunk main distribution networks." Water Supply 3, no. 1-2 (March 1, 2003): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2003.0092.

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A methodology is being developed that may be incorporated in a hydraulic network modelling tool to analyse redundancy in the trunk main network of a water distribution system. A rigorous definition of the terms redundancy and security are given in this paper. Redundancy in the trunk main infrastructure is assessed in terms of supply security, which is the probability of water of adequate pressure, quality and appearance reaching the demand nodes. Supply security is increased by providing multiple supply routes to demand nodes so that there is minimal supply interruption in the case of failure of a network component. This paper presents a method that evaluates supply security under network conditions caused by trunk main failures. The supply security level ensured by multiple pipe routes is compared with the costs of maintaining additional routes. Three indices are used as measures of the cost of additional infrastructure: network condition, water age and link failure probability. The fitness of a trunk main system is evaluated in terms of supply security and infrastructure costs. The system may then be modified using a genetic algorithm to create a population of reduced networks, from which infrastructure which may be redundant has been removed. The fitness of each reduced network is assessed, compared with the fittest network, and progressive generations are developed using the algorithm, until an improved network is selected.

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Tillman, D. E., T. A. Larsen, C. Pahl-Wostl, and W. Gujer. "Simulating development strategies for water supply systems." Journal of Hydroinformatics 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2005.0005.

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The objective of this paper is to point out existing risks of current design and management strategies in water supply systems and to identify possible ways of designing and operating schemes which minimize these risks. This paper is motivated by the observation that existing design principles and engineering rules (best practice) seem to cope insufficiently or even conflict with current trends of declining water demand. In order to evaluate this situation, an agent-based model comprising the current rules of best practice was developed in a participatory process. Once the model was validated with data sets from a real utility, multiple-scenario testing was used to explore different design strategies, thus allowing ideas for developing alternative management and design schemes to be generated. The simulations show that the traditional risk of insufficient supply security must be supplemented by considering the opposite risk of excessive security (over-capacity). The introduction of demand-side measures may help to calibrate existing best practice with the trends of the current operating environment. Ideas are brought forward on how to shape incentive systems for stakeholders in order to facilitate such a shift.

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States, Stanley, Michele Scheuring, John Kuchta, Jessica Newberry, and Leonard Casson. "Utility-based Analytical Methods to Ensure Public Water Supply Security." Journal - American Water Works Association 95, no. 4 (April 2003): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.2003.tb10337.x.

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Krueger, Elisabeth H., Timon McPhearson, and Simon A. Levin. "Integrated assessment of urban water supply security and resilience: towards a streamlined approach." Environmental Research Letters 17, no. 7 (July 1, 2022): 075006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac78f4.

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Abstract Urbanization and competing water demand, as well as rising temperatures and changing weather patterns, are manifesting as gradual processes that increasingly challenge urban water supply security. Cities are also threatened by acute risks arising at the intersection of aging infrastructure, entrenched institutions, and the increasing occurrence of extreme weather events. To better understand these multi-layered, interacting challenges of providing urban water supply for all, while being prepared to deal with recurring shocks, we present an integrated analysis of water supply security in New York City and its resilience to acute shocks and chronic disturbances. We apply a revised version of a recently developed, quantitative framework (‘Capital Portfolio Approach’, CPA) that takes a social-ecological-technological systems perspective to assess urban water supply security as the performance of water services at the household scale. Using the parameters of the CPA as input, we use a coupled systems dynamics model to investigate the dynamics of services in response to shocks—under current conditions and in a scenario of increasing shock occurrence and a loss of system robustness. We find water supply security to be high and current response to shocks to be resilient thanks to past shock experiences. However, we identify a number of risks and vulnerability issues that, if unaddressed, might significantly impact the city’s water services in the mid-term future. Our findings have relevance to cities around the world, and raise questions for research about how security and resilience can and should be maintained in the future.

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Huang, Yen-Chen, Chien-Ming Lee, and Yue-Rong Hong. "Water Supply Portfolio Planning and Policy Evaluation under Climate Change: A Case Study of Central Taiwan." Water 13, no. 4 (February 23, 2021): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13040567.

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The present study examines the optimal water supply portfolio under the impact of climate change constructed by the authors previously. It incorporates feasibility planning for water supply projects, assesses a feasible water supply portfolio for central Taiwan, and uses the shadow price method to assess the rationality of the compensation policy for transferring agricultural water to ensure water supply security for the industrial sector. The study finds that Changhua and Yunlin have the highest per-unit costs of raw water, and the Nantou region has the highest carbon emission coefficient (carbon footprint) per unit of water produced. The cumulative value (2021–2031) of the water resources policy to reallocate agricultural water to achieve water supply security is about TWD 15.904–31.13 billion. The shadow price of industrial water is about TWD 40.18/cubic meter. Therefore, a compensation price for agricultural water transfer of less than TWD 40.18/cubic meter represents a rational policy.

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Srinivasan, V. "Coevolution of water security in a developing city." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, no. 11 (November 5, 2013): 13265–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-13265-2013.

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Abstract. The world is rapidly urbanizing. One of the challenges associated with this growth will be to supply water to rapidly growing, developing-world cities. While there is a long history of interdisciplinary research in water resources management, relatively few water studies attempts to explain why water systems evolve the way they do; why some regions develop sustainable, secure well-functioning water systems while others do not and which feedbacks force the transition from one trajectory to the other. This paper attempts to tackle this question by examining the historical evolution of one city in Southern India. A key contribution of this paper is the co-evolutionary modelling approach adopted. The paper presents a "socio-hydrologic" model that simulates the feedbacks between the human, engineered and hydrologic system for Chennai, India over a forty year period and evaluates the implications for water security. This study offers some interesting insights on urban water security in developing country water systems. First, the Chennai case study argues that urban water security goes beyond piped water supply. When piped supply fails users first depend on their own wells. When the aquifer is depleted, a tanker market develops. When consumers are forced to purchase expensive tanker water, they are water insecure. Second, different initial conditions result in different water security trajectories. However, initial advantages in infrastructure are eroded if the utility's management is weak and it is unable to expand or maintain the piped system to keep up with growth. Both infrastructure and management decisions are necessary to achieving water security. Third, the effects of mismanagement do not manifest right away. Instead, in the manner of a "frog in a pot of boiling water", the system gradually deteriorates. The impacts of bad policy may not manifest till much later when the population has grown and a major multi-year drought hits.

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Pinto, Francisco Silva, Alain Michel Tchadie, Susana Neto, and Shahbaz Khan. "Contributing to water security through water tariffs: some guidelines for implementation mechanisms." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 8, no. 4 (August 23, 2018): 730–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2018.015.

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Abstract The reform of water pricing practices and tariff mechanisms plays an important role in improving water supply services. However, setting tariff policies is a process that is rife with controversy. The current urban development rhythm and consequent challenges, in several developing cities, requires an urgent review and the establishment of an increasingly more ‘integrated’ management system with a suitable water tariff policy to promote water security. Many lessons can be learned from the successes and failures of water pricing policies in other countries and world regions, taking into account the context, status and development of the water supply sector. In this paper, several case studies are assessed throughout different countries or regions (South Africa, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, Australia, and Europe) to provide key information able to support successful policy ‘transfer routes’. Based on those lessons, key policy recommendations are summarized to pave the way towards water security, particularly in rapidly growing urban centres that suffer already from water stress.

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Zhang, Peng, and Tai Zong Li. "Design of Water Supply System with no Tower under Constant Pressure Based on PLC." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 3701–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.3701.

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Aimed at the instable pressure of water supply, poor reliability and security problems of the water supply system in high-rise building, this paper adopts frequency conversion and constant pressure water supply technology to design the water supply system with no tower under constant pressure in high-rise building. The water supply system, with PLC as the control center, uses sensor technology and digital PID control to realize constant pressure water supply. Application results show that the water supply system has the characteristics of reliable running, simple operation, saving energy and reducing consumption.

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Soto Rios, Paula, Tariq Deen, Nidhi Nagabhatla, and Gustavo Ayala. "Explaining Water Pricing through a Water Security Lens." Water 10, no. 9 (September 1, 2018): 1173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10091173.

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Can water security serve as a platform for developing a long-term solution to ongoing water crises? Many regions around the world are experiencing severe water problems, including water scarcity, water-borne diseases, water-related natural hazards, and water conflicts. These issues are expected to increase and intensify in the future. Both developed and developing economies face a water supply and demand imbalance that will potentially influence their water pricing structures. Institutions and policies that govern the pricing of this natural capital remain crucial for driving food production and providing services. The complex and multifaceted issues of sustainable water management call for a standard set of tools that can capture and create desired water security scenarios. Water pricing is an important contributing factor for achieving these scenarios. In this paper, we analyze how water pricing can be used as a tool to enact the water security agenda. This paper addresses these issues from three facets: (1) Economic aspects—the multiple processes through which water is conceptualized and priced; (2) analysis of water pricing considering its effect in water consumption; and (3) arguments for assessing the potential of water pricing as a tool to appraise water security.

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Guo, Zihan, Ni Wang, Xiaolian Mao, Xinyue Ke, Shaojiang Luo, and Long Yu. "Benefit Analysis of Economic and Social Water Supply in Xi’an Based on the Emergy Method." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (April 21, 2022): 5001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095001.

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In order to manage regional water resources efficiently and sustainably and promote the rational utilization of water resources, it is necessary to evaluate the water-supply benefit reasonably. On the basis of emergy theory, this paper constructs the water-supply-benefit model of economic (industry, agriculture, and the tertiary industry) and social (domestic, employment security, entertainment, scientific research) systems. Taking Xi’an from 2014 to 2020 as an example, by analyzing the energy flow of each system and the multisource water transformities, the water contribution rate, the water-supply benefit, and the unit-water-resource value in each system are calculated. For the water-supply benefits: Industry > Agriculture > Domestic > Tertiary industry > Employment Security > Entertainment > Scientific research. For the unit-water-resource values: Industry > Tertiary industry > Agriculture > Domestic > Entertainment > Employment security > Scientific research. In the economic system, the water-supply benefit and the unit-water value of industry were always the largest, followed by agriculture and the tertiary industry. However, the Pearson correlation coefficient between the water contribution rate and the output of the industrial system was only 0.52, which was less than that of other production industries, which indicates that there might be a waste of water and that industrial water conservation needs to be further strengthened. In the social system, the domestic-water-supply benefits and the water-resource value were the largest. This is because water resources, as a basic resource, always affect people’s health and quality of life.

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Chai, Fu Xin, Dong Mei Chai, and Hui Ran Dai. "Emergency Dispatch System Research and Development for Urban Water Supply." Applied Mechanics and Materials 675-677 (October 2014): 972–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.675-677.972.

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Water emergencies occur frequently in China, which serious influence the security of city water supply. An emergency dispatch model for urban water supply was conducted base on the water supply network graphs, the model can give emergency dispatch scheme of urban water supply using some operation rules as far as possible to ensure the safety of water supply or the least affected premise. Selecting Anyang as the experiment, the emergency dispatch system was developed. Provide technical support and decision-making platform to improve the emergency response capacity of city water supply emergencies.

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Aboelnga, Hassan Tolba, Hazim El-Naser, Lars Ribbe, and Franz-Bernd Frechen. "Assessing Water Security in Water-Scarce Cities: Applying the Integrated Urban Water Security Index (IUWSI) in Madaba, Jordan." Water 12, no. 5 (May 5, 2020): 1299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12051299.

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Water security is a major concern for water-scarce cities that face dynamic water challenges due to limited water supply, climate change and increasing water demand. Framing urban water security is challenging due to the complexity and uncertainties of the definitions and assessment frameworks concerning urban water security. Several studies have assessed water security by granting priority indicators equal weight without considering or adapting to the local conditions. This study develops a new urban water security assessment framework with application to the water-scarce city of Madaba, Jordan. The study applies the new assessment framework on the study area and measures urban water security using the integrated urban water security index (IUWSI) and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) as a decision management tool to prioritise and distinguish indicators that affect the four dimensions of urban water security: drinking water, ecosystems, climate change and water-related hazards, and socioeconomic aspects (DECS). The integrated urban water security index (IUWSI) highlights the state of water security and intervention strategies in Madaba. The study reveals that urban water security in Madaba is satisfactory to meet basic needs, with shortcomings in some aspects of the DECS. However, Madaba faces poor security in terms of managing climate- and water-related risks. The IUWSI framework assists with a rational and evidence-based decision-making process, which is important for enhancing water resources management in water-scarce cities.

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Konoplina, Olena, and Iuliia Mizik. "Macroprudential Regulation in Ensuring of the Development of Financial Markets." Modern Economics 22, no. 1 (August 27, 2020): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31521/modecon.v22(2020)-05.

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Introduction. This article is devoted to advanced tools and methods in audit of financial & economic security at Ukrainian water services enterprises. The water supply and sewage system is one of the most important branches of Ukrainian economy. Given the critical technical, economic and financial situation of the industry, it demands the search for and application of new effective methods that would ensure not only the efficiency of operation, but also the security of the enterprise. That is why the formation of the system of financial and economic security of enterprises in the industry is an objective necessity of modern management. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study the methods and tools of auditing the financial and economic security of water supply and sewerage companies to ensure a rapid response to constant changes in the external and internal environment. Results. The essence of auditing the system of financial and economic security of water supply and sewage companies is manifested through the specifics of their activities. Therefore, along with the standard processes inherent in the audit, it is necessary to develop those directions which take into account the factors that are specific to these enterprises. Methods of estimating the environmental impact factors on the financial and economic security of water supply and sewage companies can be grouped as follows: forecasting methods, modeling methods, methods for evaluating the consequences, expert methods. Conclusion. Therefore, the result of auditing financial and economic security is the preparation of general conclusions and recommendations for ensuring its financial and economic security both at the current stage and in the future.

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Gnawali, Kapil, Kuk Heon Han, Zong Woo Geem, Kyung Soo Jun, and Kyung Taek Yum. "Economic Dispatch Optimization of Multi-Water Resources: A Case Study of an Island in South Korea." Sustainability 11, no. 21 (October 26, 2019): 5964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11215964.

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Ensuring stable and continuous water supplies in isolated but populated areas, such as islands, where the water supply is highly dependent on external factors, is crucial. Sudden loss of function in the water supply system can have enormous social costs. To strengthen water security and to meet multiple water demands with marginal quality, the optimized selection of locally available, diversified multi-water resources is necessary. This study considers a sustainable water supply problem of Yeongjong Island, 30 km west from Seoul, South Korea. The self-sufficiency of several locally available water resources is calculated for four different scenarios based on the volume and quality of the various water sources. Our optimization results show that using all the available local sources can address the water security issues of the island in the case of interruption in the existing supply system, which is fed from a single source of mainland Korea. This optimization framework can be useful for areas where water must be secured in the event of emergency.

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Swaminathan, M. S. "Ecology and equity: key determinants of sustainable water security." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 4 (February 1, 2001): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0172.

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Trends in water consumption indicate that demand for water for household and industrial uses in developing countries could double as a proportion of total water demand in the next 25 years. Scope for expansion of water supply will, at the same time, be limited because development of irrigation and urban water supplies is becoming increasingly expensive, and often involves high costs in terms of environmental degradation and human resettlement. Without fundamental reform of water management, the rapid growth in urban water demand will require large transfers of water from irrigated agriculture, thereby threatening food security. Hence, water supply and demand should be managed in an integrated fashion, simultaneously considering all uses and sources. This will call for the establishment of community centred food and water security systems and national water trusts. Once such systems and Trusts are established there could be a legally binding Global Water Convention on the model of the Global Convention on Climate and Biodiversity. The details of such a Global Water Conventions can be finalized at one of the future Stockholm Water Symposia. There are uncommon opportunities today for a water-secure world through synergy between technology, public policy and peoples‘ participation.

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Szpak, Dawid, and Barbara Tchórzewska – Cieślak. "Sources Of Incidental Events In Collective Water Supply System." Journal of KONBiN 35, no. 1 (November 1, 2015): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jok-2015-0046.

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Abstract The publication presents the main types of incidental events in collective water supply system. The special attention was addressed to the incidental events associated with a decrease in water quality, posing a threat to the health and life of inhabitants. The security method against incidental contamination in the water source was described.

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Vanderzalm, Joanne, Bruce Naumann, Simon Higginson, Declan Page, Andrew Jones, Vanessa Moscovis, Stacey Hamilton, et al. "Australian exemplars of sustainable and economic managed aquifer recharge." Water e-Journal 5, no. 4 (2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21139/wej.2020.024.

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Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) can improve water security by using aquifers to store water when it is abundant until required for future use and can increase the use of urban stormwater and treated wastewater to reduce the demand on traditional surface water and groundwater supplies. Recently, two Australian examples were showcased internationally as sustainable and economic MAR: Perth’s groundwater replenishment scheme (GWRS) with recycled water to increase security of urban water supply and a multi-site urban stormwater MAR scheme for suburban non-potable water supply in Salisbury, Adelaide. This paper provides a synopsis of these Australian exemplars of sustainable and economic MAR.

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Foster, Stephen, Anne Bousquet, and Sean Furey. "Urban groundwater use in Tropical Africa – a key factor in enhancing water security?" Water Policy 20, no. 5 (July 12, 2018): 982–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2018.056.

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Abstract A regional scoping study has reviewed the limited data on groundwater use for 10 cities in Tropical Africa. In those cities where the water utility has been able to develop groundwater rationally, the public water-supply usually offers a better service at lower cost by enabling phased investment and avoiding advanced treatment, and offers greater water-source security in drought and from pollution. Urban dwellers obtain water from multiple sources, according to availability and affordability. Among the more affluent, private water-supply boreholes are increasingly used to improve security and reduce cost but in the absence of international charity finance groundwater access is beyond the financial reach of the urban poor, except where the water table is shallow allowing the use of low-cost dugwells. The way forward must be to integrate more effectively utility and private investments, and piped and non-piped solutions, for urban water-supply provision, and for water utilities to establish low-income (‘pro-poor’) policy and technical units to pursue ways of supporting alternative water-supply provision, including advisory services and regulatory functions (where appropriate) for private borehole and dugwell use. To facilitate this, water utilities will need to partner with resource regulators and knowledge centres, which may require modifications to their mandate.

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Nicholson, Colin. "Delivering an essential and sustainable water plan for Sydney, Australia." Water Supply 12, no. 6 (October 1, 2012): 747–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2012.044.

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The water supply for Sydney, which is the largest city in Australia, has been affected by variable climate patterns which include long periods of drought. Water resource needs for the future will be significantly affected by climate change and population growth. A ‘Water for Life’ equation has been adopted as a multi-faceted approach to achieving future, sustainable water security. The four parts of the equation are dams, recycling, water efficiency and desalination. Significant achievements have been made over the last 10 years which have allowed us to bolster the demand/supply balance by 50%. In the future, a portfolio approach will be used to select schemes for water supply security. Major factors considered will include construction and operational cost, volume of water saved or produced, public health and environmental risk, customer and community acceptance and political willpower.

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HENSHER, DAVID, NINA SHORE, and KENNETH TRAIN. "Water Supply Security and Willingness to Pay to Avoid Drought Restrictions*." Economic Record 82, no. 256 (March 2006): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4932.2006.00293.x.

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Gössling, Stefan, Paul Peeters, C. Michael Hall, Jean-Paul Ceron, Ghislain Dubois, La Vergne Lehmann, and Daniel Scott. "Tourism and water use: Supply, demand, and security. An international review." Tourism Management 33, no. 1 (February 2012): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2011.03.015.

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Koch, H., S. Vögele, M. Kaltofen, M. Grossmann, and U. Grünewald. "Security of Water Supply and Electricity Production: Aspects of Integrated Management." Water Resources Management 28, no. 6 (March 27, 2014): 1767–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11269-014-0589-z.

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Wang, Yongsheng, Xiao Cui, Xinrong Zhang, and Qi Wen. "Exploring the Sustainable Use Strategy of Scarce Water Resources for Rural Revitalization in Yanchi County from Arid Region of Northwest China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23 (December 6, 2022): 16347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316347.

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Water scarcity limits the coordination between economic development and ecological protection of arid regions. This study presented the consumption pattern and future challenges for water resources and proposed sustainable use strategies for water security in Yanchi county from the arid region of northwest China. Our results showed that water withdrawals were close to the total available water resources. Agriculture consumed about 84.72% of the total water supply. Agricultural water use was influenced by breeding stock, rural per capita net income and effective irrigation area. Estimation of agricultural water demand was about 6582.20 × 104 m3 under the rural revitalization scenario. Limited water supply and increased water demand pose challenges and impediments for rural revitalization and water security in Yanchi county. Water sustainable utilization can be achieved by increasing water supply from unconventional water resources and improving water use efficiency with governmental management. These findings may help policymakers to develop sustainable water use strategies during rural revitalization in arid regions.

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Olotu, Yahaya, Edwin Omozuapo Oyathelemi, Shaka Momoh, and Olugbemiga Stephen Ifabiyi. "Evaluation of the effects of non-revenue water on water security in Ondo State, Nigeria." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Engineering 67, no. 1 (November 11, 2022): 172–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbeng.2022.1.16.

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The provision of safe drinking water is a crucial service that generates revenue for water utilities to fund their operations. The annual amount of water lost is a crucial indicator for evaluating how effectively water is supplied and distributed. According to the usage of a deterministic simulation model on public water supply variables, the volume of non-revenue water (NRW) and its cost consequences have further developed a complicated system for the availability, distribution, and affordability of the utility. Annual water accessed (AWA) was negatively impacted by the steady annual increase in public water supply (AWS) from 8.0 * 106 m3 to 13.4 * 106 m3, with R2 = 0.096, and annual water loss (AWL) was significantly impacted with R2 = 0.99. This result suggests that the public water supply plays a role in water loss, which primarily occurs through leaks and bursts. As a result, Akure's expected annual volume and revenue water costs (NRW) are 6 million m3 and 15.6 million USD, respectively. A thorough investigation reveals that the annual money lost might be utilized to fund health and education programs for eight months. Therefore, it is predicted that the difficulty of determining safe drinking might be reduced by 30% if the rainwater is effectively harnessed in Ondo State, Nigeria

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Pintor, Lynlei, and Josefina Dizon. "Water Governance Framework in Sta. Cruz River Watershed, Laguna, Philippines." Journal of Environmental Science and Management 22, no. 1 (September 25, 2019): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2019_1/05.

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Since food security relies on sustainable water supply, this study developed an irrigation water governance framework in order to achieve an effective water irrigation supply. It was conducted in Pila and Sta. Cruz, Laguna with 176 members of the 26 Irrigation Associations. Spearman Rho correlation was used to analyzed the relationship between water governance variables and availability of water. Hindering factors include insufficient water supply during the dry season, deforestation and quarrying, and the limited funds for rehabilitation of the irrigation canals. Majority of the respondents positively declared that their rice production is enough for their household consumption. However, they occasionally experience rice shortage due to strong typhoon and dam was damage by strong typhoon but there is still food security at the household level since rice is available in the market.There is a positive strong linear association between management of water resources and regulation of irrigation water and availability of water. Regulation of irrigation water and the availability of irrigation water were found to have a strong linear relationship. The IA is at the core of the water governance model since ownership of the irrigation system was already transferred by the NIA to the IA. With these, the study recommended that the political, social, and economic aspects, and administrative systems should be taken into consideration. However, various institutions play a vital role for the IA to address the different factors. Through this, good water governance can be achieved resulting to water security thereby achieving rice security.

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Radcliffe, John C. "Water recycling in Australia – during and after the drought." Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 1, no. 5 (2015): 554–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ew00048c.

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Konoplina, О., Y. Mizik, N. Chekh, and К. Savenko. "PROTECTORS OF THE ECONOMIC SECURITY SYSTEM OF AN ENTERPRISE." Series: Economic scienceue/view/124 2, no. 155 (April 3, 2020): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-2-155-29-33.

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The issues of formation and evaluation of the business reputation of the enterprise have been updated. Existing methods and approaches to assessing the level of business reputation of companies, their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed and systematized. The problems of estimation of business reputation of water supply companies are covered. It is determined that the assessment should be made taking into account the specificity of activity and sectoral affiliation of enterprises, as well as their form of ownership. The necessity to develop a methodology for assessing the level of goodwill on the basis of calculating the integrated indicators of the level of stakeholders' interaction of water supply companies. An analysis of existing approaches to assessing goodwill has shown that each group of methods, both quantitative and qualitative, has certain advantages and disadvantages. The most appropriate methods for assessing goodwill, such as: assessing goodwill as an excess of market value over the value of its net assets; estimation by the excess profit method; Brand Finance Appraisal; evaluation using a multiplier; method of options; expert method, were identified. The use of qualitative approaches to the assessment of the goodwill of the water supply companies was justified. Using quality methods, you can manage business reputation and measure in which direction it will change over time. It is noted that the implementation of goodwill assessment is complicated by the diversity of interests of both individual groups, and interests within an individual stakeholder group. It is determined that the level of stakeholder interaction is a set of integrated indicators of interaction of each of the stakeholder groups on the basis of which the goodwill and measures taken to form and implement its management strategy are assessed . It is proposed to assess the level of business reputation of water supply companies based on the method of expert evaluation using the integrated indicator of the level of engagement. Keywords: business reputation, water supply companies, evaluation, stakeholders, quantitative methods, qualitative methods.

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Khan, Salman, Yiqing Guan, Farhan Khan, and Zeeshan Khan. "A Comprehensive Index for Measuring Water Security in an Urbanizing World: The Case of Pakistan’s Capital." Water 12, no. 1 (January 6, 2020): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12010166.

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Growing population, increasing urbanization, and rural to urban migration, coupled with the ongoing climate change, threaten the sustainability of cities, particularly in developing countries. Previous studies indicate numerous deficiencies in the water supply and sewage systems of Islamabad; however, a comprehensive insight into the water security assessment has not been carried out. Therefore, this study is aimed at assessing the urban water security of Islamabad by taking both human and environmental aspects into consideration. In principle, we achieve this objective by implementing the Water Security Assessment Framework, using five distinct parameters to calculate an urban water security index. The water supply dimension incorporates availability, accessibility, affordability, and the quality of drinking water in the city, whereas, sanitation and health dimension measures access to improved drainage systems as well as the state of overall hygiene of the city inhabitants. Furthermore, the water economy dimension includes water productivity and investment aspects in the study area, while the environment and ecosystem dimension looks into the current state of natural water bodies. Similarly, overall management and public support for freshwater resources are measured in the society and governance dimension. In general, we attempt to better comprehend water-security nexus in the federal capital considering it as a prerequisite to ensure a sustainable future for the city dwellers.

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Gadzalo, Yaroslav, Mykhailo Romashchenko, and Mykhailo Yatsiuk. "Conceptual framework to ensure water security in Ukraine." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 376 (February 1, 2018): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-376-63-2018.

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Abstract. As a result of global climate change against the background of natural water supply deterioration and river water content reductions, nowadays Ukraine is facing the problem of environmental degradation of river basins. In light of this, we suggest that achieving an acceptable level of water security in Ukraine should be defined as the strategic objective of national water policy. The state of national water security should be evaluated by its progress in certain sectors. The basic principles of the new water policy of Ukraine are supposed to be represented in Water Strategy of Ukraine. Integrated water management by the basin principle should serve as the main tool for achieving the objectives of water security.

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Wang, Jiao, and Xin Zhang. "Analysis of Security for Water Supply Network Based on the AHP Fuzzy Theory." Advanced Materials Research 1073-1076 (December 2014): 1023–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.1023.

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Fuzzy mathematical evaluation method, is mainly rely on experience to determine the membership function for data processing. The water supply network security evaluation system is established based on network historical statistical data. A reasonable evaluation of urban water supply network in shanxi has been carried in the application of AHP to determine the factor weight of fuzzy mathematics.

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Lin, Ying Jian, and Ying Zhao. "Research on Monitoring System of Water Supply Pipe Network Based on GPRS Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 713-715 (January 2015): 482–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.482.

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Urban water supply pipe network is an important part of municipal infrastructure systems, is the basis for the survival and development of the city. How to guarantee the safety operation of the water supply pipe network, to reduce water supply pipe network leakage rate, to prevent explosion occurred, and fundamentally improve the water supply pipe network operation management level, become the water supply enterprise high attention and urgent problem to be solved. Therefore, this paper studies monitoring system of water supply pipe network based on GPRS. First, the characteristics and the importance of the water supply pipe network, so using GPRS technology. Then, detailing the characteristics and advantages of GPRS technology. Secondly, introduces the composition of the urban water supply pipe network monitoring system. Finally, the realization of specific functions will be described. Application of monitoring system for real-time monitoring, fully guaranteed the security of the water supply system.

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45

Narain, Vishal, Pranay Ranjan, Sumit Vij, and Aman Dewan. "Taking the road less taken: reorienting the state for periurban water security." Action Research 18, no. 4 (October 27, 2017): 528–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1476750317736370.

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This paper describes the intervention strategy to improve water security in Sultanpur, a village in periurban Gurgaon, India. Most approaches to improving natural resource management in periurban contexts focus on mobilising the community; little attention is paid to reorienting the state or strengthening the user-bureaucracy interface. This paper describes the action research process that was followed to reorient civic agencies engaged in the provisioning of water and to break from a situation of distrust and prisoners' dilemma between water users and service providers. The paper argues that the creation and provision of a platform for direct engagement between water users and service providers can be a key tool for improving periurban water security. These platforms can provide support in building community resilience to face challenges such as climate variability and urbanisation, both of which threaten periurban water security. The action research emphasises on building the community's capacity to ask for improved water supply and to negotiate with state service providers, rather than augmenting water supply physically.

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Khaibullina, Zhaniya. "Understanding and solving water security in Kazakhstan." Public Administration and Civil Service, no. 2 (June 29, 2020): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.52123/1994-2370-2020-73-2-21-27.

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Awareness of the special role of water and its exceptional social significance in terms of human rights to safe and reasonably clean water has become the basis for solving the problem of ensuring water security. In terms of water availability, Kazakhstan is one of the most scarce countries in Central Asia. Despite the fact that the Institute of Geography initiated the development of a specialized scientific and technical program “Resource Assessment and Forecast of the Use of Natural Waters of Kazakhstan under Anthropogenic and Climate-related Changes”, supported by the Secretariat of the Security Council and the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, issues of water supply regulation in the country, water savings even at the household level remain open. Kazakhstan continues to experience water shortages. In this article, the author tried to identify the main causes of water shortages in Kazakhstan and give a list of recommendations.

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Awume, Obadiah, Robert Patrick, and Warrick Baijius. "Indigenous Perspectives on Water Security in Saskatchewan, Canada." Water 12, no. 3 (March 14, 2020): 810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12030810.

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The term “water security” continues to gain traction in water resources literature with broad application to human health, water quality, and sustainability of water supply. These western science applications focus almost exclusively on the material value of water for human uses and activities. This paper offers voice to other interpretations of water security based on semi-structured interviews with Indigenous participants representing varied backgrounds and communities from Saskatchewan, a Canadian prairie province. The results indicate that water security from an Indigenous perspective embraces much more than the material value of water. Five themes emerged from this research that speak to a more holistic framing of water security to include water as a life form, water and the spirit world, women as water-keepers, water and human ethics, and water in Indigenous culture. This broader interpretation provides a more nuanced understanding of water security, which serves to enrich the water security narrative while educating western science.

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Lindhe, Andreas, Lars Rosén, Per-Olof Johansson, and Tommy Norberg. "Dynamic Water Balance Modelling for Risk Assessment and Decision Support on MAR Potential in Botswana." Water 12, no. 3 (March 6, 2020): 721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12030721.

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Botswana experiences a water stressed situation due to the climate and a continuously increasing water demand. Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) is considered, among other measures, to improve the situation. To evaluate the possibility for increased water supply security, a probabilistic and dynamic water supply security model was developed. Statistically generated time series of source water availability are used in combination with the dynamic storages in dams and aquifers, and the possible supply is compared with the demand to simulate the magnitude and probability of water supply shortages. The model simulates the system and possible mitigation measures from 2013 to 2035 (23 years), using one-month time steps. The original system is not able to meet the demand, and the estimated volumetric supply reliability in the year 2035 is 0.51. An additional surface water dam (now implemented) will increase the reliability to 0.88 but there will still be a significant water shortage problem. Implementing large-scale MAR can further improve the reliability to at least 0.95. System properties limiting the effect of MAR are identified using the model and show how to further improve the effect of MAR. The case study results illustrate the importance and benefit of using an integrated approach, including time-dependence and future scenarios, when evaluating the need and potential of MAR.

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Budhawant, Prathmesh, Pranay Diyewar, Akash Lokhande, Suraj Dhumal, Anurag Waghmare, and Dr Aakanksha Ingle. "Review on Water Supply Scheme for Rural Area." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 12 (December 31, 2022): 362–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.47792.

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Abstract: The study’s main objective was to create a suitable water supply system. The main goals of water treatment for public supply are to obtain water from the best source possible and put it through a procedure that will provide water of excellent physical quality. Ensuring the water supply’s long-term security. We have covered the design and calculation for the water delivery scheme utilizing CPHEEO regulations in this study. Python and Q-GIS software are used to obtain more precise data and calculations. Water shortages and fast urbanization have made it difficult for many towns to maintain a reliable and secure water supply. A water delivery system is required to overcome these obstacles. In this research, design and analysis of the fundamental parts of a water supply system such as the distribution system and regulation of drinking water quality.

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Kim, Kwan-Yeop, Seong-Su Kim, and No-Suk Park. "Feasibility Study on Introduction of Decentralized Water Supply System for Improving Water Security and Sustainability." Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater 28, no. 1 (February 15, 2014): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.11001/jksww.2014.28.1.111.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Water supply security'

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