Academic literature on the topic 'Water soluble carbohydrate'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Water soluble carbohydrate.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Water soluble carbohydrate"
1
Smith, K. F., R. J. Simpson, R. N. Oram, K. F. Lowe, K. B. Kelly, P. M. Evans, and M. O. Humphreys. "Seasonal variation in the herbage yield and nutritive value of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars with high or normal herbage water-soluble carbohydrate concentrations grown in three contrasting Australian dairy environments." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 38, no. 8 (1998): 821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea98064.
Full textAbstract:
Summary. Two lines of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), cv. Aurora and breeding line Ba 11351, from the United Kingdom with elevated concentrations of water-soluble carbohydrates in the shoot were compared with the standard cultivars, Ellett, Vedette and Kangaroo Valley, in pure grass swards under irrigation at Kyabram, Victoria, and Gatton, Queensland, and under natural rainfall at Condah, Victoria, during 1995–97. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy was used to predict the water-soluble carbohydrate, crude protein, in vitro dry matter digestibility, neutral and acid detergent fibre, and Klason lignin concentrations of the perennial ryegrass herbage. Herbage yield and water-soluble carbohydrate differed between cultivars at each site at most harvests, with the high water-soluble carbohydrate lines usually yielding less and having higher water-soluble carbohydrate concentrations than the 3 standard cultivars. However, the high water-soluble carbohydrate lines also had higher water-soluble carbohydrate concentrations at harvests where their yield was equal to the standard cultivars. The other nutritive value traits differed significantly at more than half of the 32 harvests: the high water-soluble carbohydrate lines had higher crude protein and dry matter digestibility, and lower neutral detergent fibre, the neutral detergent fibre containing less acid detergent fibre and lignin than did the standard cultivars. The high water-soluble carbohydrate lines were more susceptible to crown rust during spring and summer than the standard cultivars at Kyabram and Gatton: heavy infections reduced yield, water-soluble carbohydrate, dry matter digestibility and crude protein. Higher water-soluble carbohydrate may depend on only a few genes, as does rust resistance and it seems likely that high yielding, high water-soluble carbohydrate cultivars can be developed by recombination and selection.
2
Gergely, Szilveszter, and András Salgó. "Changes in Carbohydrate Content during Wheat Maturation—What is Measured by near Infrared Spectroscopy?" Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy 13, no. 1 (February 2005): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/jnirs.452.
Full textAbstract:
The role of bread, pasta and related products produced from milled wheat seeds is important to the human diet, so monitoring changes of starch content in developing grain is essential. Immature wheat grains are also used as a functional food, particularly as a source of water-soluble carbohydrates. The amount and variation in content of different carbohydrates changes considerably during maturation and these changes were non-destructively monitored in developing grain using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Characteristic changes in three carbohydrate absorption bands [1585–1595 nm (Carbohydrate I), 2270–2280 nm (Carbohydrate II) and 2325–2335 nm (Carbohydrate III)] were identified and it was concluded that the different dynamics of carbohydrates (starch accumulation as well as synthesis/decomposition of water-soluble carbohydrates) could be followed sensitively by monitoring these three different regions of NIR spectra. Carbohydrate I represents the effect of starch accumulation during maturation based on the vibrations of intermolecular hydrogen bonded O–H groups in polysaccharides. Carbohydrate II is the manifestation of O–H stretching and C–C stretching vibrations existing unengaged in water-soluble carbohydrates while Carbohydrate III describes the changes in C–H stretching and deformation band of poly- and mono-oligosaccharides. NIR spectroscopic techniques are shown to be effective in monitoring plant physiological processes and the spectra have hidden information for predicting the stage of growth in wheat seed.
3
Fulkerson, W. J., and D. J. Donaghy. "Plant-soluble carbohydrate reserves and senescence - key criteria for developing an effective grazing management system for ryegrass-based pastures: a review." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 41, no. 2 (2001): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea00062.
Full textAbstract:
This review examines the use of changes in soluble carbohydrate reserves, and the onset of senescence in ryegrass (Lolium spp.), as key criteria for successfully managing an intermittent grazing system for dairy cattle. Ryegrass is a ‘3-leaf ’ plant; that is, only about 3 green leaves/tiller exist at any one time with the initiation of a new leaf coinciding with senescence of the oldest fourth leaf. Thus, grazing pasture older than 3 leaves/tiller will not only lead to wastage of pasture but also the senescent material will reduce overall quality of herbage. Based on this, the time taken for 3 new leaves/tiller to regrow sets the maximum grazing interval. On the other hand, in a well-utilised dairy pasture, most ryegrass leaf has been removed and the plant relies on stored water-soluble carbohydrate reserves to grow new shoots and hence regain photosynthetic capacity. If the concentration of water-soluble carbohydrates is inadequate, because there has been insufficient time to replenish in the previous inter-grazing period, regrowth will be suppressed and this may also affect persistence in the longer term. Immediately after grazing, water-soluble carbohydrate reserves decline as they are used to regrow new shoots, and root growth stops. It is not until about 3/4 of a new leaf/tiller has regrown that the plant has adequate photosynthetic capacity for growth and maintenance and only then does water-soluble carbohydrate replenishment and root growth commence. Studies have shown that subsequent regrowth is suppressed if plants are redefoliated before the 2 leaves/tiller stage of regrowth. Also, the levels of potassium and nitrogen (as nitrates and other non-protein nitrogen products) may be very high and cause metabolic problems in stock grazing such pasture. Thus, replenishment of water-soluble carbohydrate reserves sets the minimum grazing interval at 2 leaves/tiller. The rate of accumulation of water-soluble carbohydrates in the plant is a function of input through photosynthesis (source) and output to growth and respiration (sinks). Thus, apart from grazing interval (which sets the time to replenish water-soluble carbohydrate plant reserves), water-soluble carbohydrate storage will be influenced by incoming solar radiation (cloud cover, day length, pasture canopy density) and energy needs of the plant through respiration (temperature, canopy mass) and growth. Relating grazing interval to leaf number places the emphasis on the readiness of plants to be grazed rather than on the animals’ requirements, with leaf appearance interval depending primarily on ambient temperature. This allows grazing interval to be expressed in a similar morphological stage of growth, irrespective of season or location. Setting grazing interval on these 2 criteria has been shown to maximise growth and persistence of ryegrass and optimise the levels of most nutrients in pasture required by dairy cattle including protein, water-soluble carbohydrates, calcium, potassium and magnesium. Metabolisable energy and fibre do not change appreciably up to the 3 leaves/tiller stage of regrowth. On the other hand, grazing pasture before 2 leaves/tiller not only retards regrowth and reduces persistence, it provides forage too high in potassium and protein (nitrates) and too low in water-soluble carbohydrates for dairy cattle.
4
Archbold, Douglas D. "REGULATION OF APPLE FRUIT GROWTH RATE BY TURGOR PRESSURE?" HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 625e—625. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.625e.
Full textAbstract:
Maintenance of positive cell turgor is an essential factor in cell, and fruit, expansion. Since apple fruit partition carbohydrates between the starch and soluble pools to maintain turgor, variation among cultivars in this osmoregulatory aspect may play an important role in defining cultivar-specific fruit growth rates. Cultivar-specific apple fruit growth rates were determined over a 6 week period following June drop during 2 seasons. Fruit water relations parameters and carbohydrate levels were also measured. Although cultivar differences were evident, generally, fruit absolute growth rate increased, relative growth rate (RGR) declined, water potential and osmotic potential declined, and turgor potential increased as the season progressed. Soluble carbohydrate levels increased over 6 weeks, while starch levels fluctuated. Soluble carbohydrates contributed 50 to 90% of the osmotic potential. RGR was not correlated to either turgor potential or the relative allocation of carbohydrates between the soluble and starch pools. Thus, although positive turgor was maintained, factors other than turgor per se determine fruit growth rate.
5
Gomez, Ana M., and Jose Cristobal Lopez. "Carbohydrates and BODIPYs: access to bioconjugatable and water-soluble BODIPYs." Pure and Applied Chemistry 91, no. 7 (July 26, 2019): 1073–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2019-0204.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Fluorescent difluoroboron dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs), have been accessed in a one-pot synthetic operation from phthalides and pyrroles, a process that involves O-ethylation of phthalides with Meerwein’s reagent (Et3OBF4) and reaction of the ensuing tetrafluoroborate salts with pyrrole, followed by treatment with BF3 · OEt2. These derivatives are endowed with a ortho-hydroxymethyl 8-C-aryl group for further derivatization and/or conjugation to, among others, carbohydrates. The new conjugate derivatives benefit from the optimal characteristics of BODIPYs as fluorescent dyes, including in some instances water-solubility (in the case of conjugation to unprotected carbohydrates). The different kinds of BODIPY-carbohydrate derivatives are compounds of potential interest for biological studies.
6
Zhu, Lin, Shu Hua Li, Zong Suo Liang, Zhan Feng Zhang, and Xing Xu. "Relationship between yield, carbon isotope discrimination and stem carbohydrate concentration in spring wheat grown in Ningxia Irrigation Region (North-west China)." Crop and Pasture Science 61, no. 9 (2010): 731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp10002.
Full textAbstract:
Carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) in flag leaf, grain and basal stem, grain yield (GY), and harvest index (HI), were determined in a collection of 20 bread wheat cultivars (landraces, released cultivars and advanced lines) in Yinchuan, located in the central region of the Ningxia region (North-west of China), in 2007 and 2008. In 2008, specific stem DW (SSDW) and carbohydrates, including water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC), non-water-soluble carbohydrates (NWSC) and total non-structural carbohydrate (TNSC) in stem were also measured. Relationships between GY, HI, SSDW, accumulation and mobilisation of stem carbohydrates and Δ were analysed. There were positive and significant correlations between grain Δ, basal stem Δ and GY in 2007 and 2008. A significant and positive correlation between Δ and HI was found. In 2008, positive correlations were recorded between stem WSC concentration, SSDW sampled 7 days after anthesis and Δ. Carbon isotope discrimination was associated positively with remobilisation efficiency of stem WSC and TNSC. While negative relationships were noted between Δ and SSDW at maturity, stronger association was noted between Δ, carbohydrate concentration, accumulation and mobilisation efficiencies on stem length basis than on stem DW basis. In conclusion, there is a good relationship between Δ and carbohydrate in stem of wheat when irrigation does not meet the crop’s water requirement and wheat experiences a slight water stress after anthesis.
7
Wang, Z., B. Quebedeaux, and GW Stutte. "Osmotic Adjustment: Effect of Water Stress on Carbohydrates in Leaves, Stems and Roots of Apple." Functional Plant Biology 22, no. 5 (1995): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9950747.
Full textAbstract:
Potted apple (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Jonathan) trees were subjected to water stress in a greenhouse. Midday leaf water potential (ΨW), osmotic potential (ΨS), soluble carbohydrates, and starch content of expanding and mature leaves, stems, and roots were measured to determine whether active osmotic adjustment occurred and if water stress affected carbohydrate metabolism. Mature leaves had the highest total soluble carbohydrate level (357 mM) and lowest Ψ (-1.85 MPa), followed by young leaves (278 mM, -1.58 MPa), stems (115 mM, -1.02 MPa), and roots (114 mM, -0.87 MPa). Sorbitol was the major component in all organs ranging from 53% of total soluble carbohydrate in young leaves to 73% in mature leaves. When ΨW decreased from -1.0 to -3.2 MPa, active osmotic adjustments of 0.3-0.4 MPa were observed in mature leaves, stems, and roots while a significantly higher adjustment of 1.0 MPa was detected in young leaves 5 days after the initiation of water stress. Sorbitol levels in leaves and stems gradually increased as ΨW decreased from -1.0 to -2.5 MPa, and then remained relatively stable or decreased slightly as ΨW decreased from -2.5 to -3.2 MPa. However, the percentage of soluble carbohydrate as sorbitol in roots decreased in response to water stress. Sucrose concentration decreased in mature leaves and stems, but increased in young leaves and roots as ΨW decreased. Starch concentrations in stems and roots also decreased as water stress developed. The sorbitol to sucrose ratios increased in mature leaves, but decreased in roots in response to water stress.
8
Modi, Albert T., Miller B. McDonald, and John G. Streeter. "Water status influences common events of soluble carbohydrate accumulation during soybean seed development and germination." Canadian Journal of Botany 80, no. 3 (March 1, 2002): 262–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b02-012.
Full textAbstract:
Seed development and germination are two distinct physiological stages that are normally separated by a metabolically quiescent period in orthodox seeds. Comparison of seed water status during these two processes and how it influences the biochemical activities remains unclear. The objective of this study was to compare soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill cv. Ohio FG1) seed development and germination, including the first 6 h after radicle protrusion, with respect to soluble carbohydrate occurrence at different stages characterized by water content and osmolality. Cyclitols and sugars were monitored at nine stages of development and during the first 30 h of germination. Three phases of water loss and osmolality increase found during seed development were correlated with three phases of water absorption and osmolality decrease during seed germination. This study provided evidence that soybean seed cotyledons and axes have similar patterns of water content and osmolality during seed development and germination and that three major events of soluble carbohydrate occurrence are shared by soybean seed parts during development and germination.Key words: seed development, seed germination, soluble carbohydrates, soybean, water status.
9
Ruuska, Sari A., Greg J. Rebetzke, Anthony F. van Herwaarden, Richard A. Richards, Neil A. Fettell, Linda Tabe, and Colin L. D. Jenkins. "Genotypic variation in water-soluble carbohydrate accumulation in wheat." Functional Plant Biology 33, no. 9 (2006): 799. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp06062.
Full textAbstract:
The water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) that accumulates in the stems of wheat during growth can be an important contributor to grain filling, particularly under conditions when assimilation is limited, such as during end-of-season drought. WSC concentration was measured at anthesis across a diverse set of wheat genotypes over multiple environments. Environmental differences in WSC concentration were large (means for the set ranging between 108 and 203 mg g–1 dry weight), and there were significant and repeatable differences in WSC accumulation among genotypes (means ranging from 112 to 213 mg g–1 dry weight averaged across environments), associated with large broad-sense heritability (H = 0.90 ± 0.12). These results suggest that breeding for high WSC should be possible in wheat. The composition of the WSC, examined in selected genotypes, indicated that the variation in total WSC was attributed mainly to variation in the fructan component, with the other major soluble carbohydrates, sucrose and hexose, varying less. The degree of polymerisation (DP) of fructo-oligosaccharides was up to ~13 in samples where higher levels of WSC were accumulated, owing either to genotype or environment, but the higher DP components (DP > 6) were decreased in samples of lower total WSC. The results are consistent with fructan biosynthesis occurring via a sequential mechanism that is dependent on the availability of sucrose, and differences in WSC contents of genotypes are unlikely to be due to major mechanistic differences.
10
Hassan, Md Juiceball, Md Masudul Karim, Md Amirul Islam, Md Habibur Rahman Pramanik, and Md Alamgir Hossain. "Changes in root porosity and water soluble carbohydrates in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under submergence stress." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 17, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 539–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v17i4.44623.
Full textAbstract:
Submergence stress at early vegetative stage is one of the most important constraints in the productivity of rice in Bangladesh. Submergence causes yield loss of rice at Aman season in Bangladesh and therefore, it is necessary to develop submergence tolerant rice cultivars. A pot experiment was conducted at the net house of Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, during Aman season from July to December, 2017 to evaluate the changes in root porosity and water soluble carbohydrates (WSCs) associated with submergence tolerance in rice. The experiment consisted of two factors—(i) Rice cultivars (Binadhan-11, Binadhan-12, BRRI dhan51 and BRRI dhan52 as tolerant and BRRI dhan49 as susceptible) and(ii) Submergence stress: Submergence for 14 days at vegetative stage and control. Submergence stress was imposed by dipping of pots into a water tank with about 90 cm depth of water while the control plants are maintained in the pot house of the field laboratory. The plants were sampled at seven days interval during submergence to determine the changes in root porosity and to examine the contribution of shoot reserves for their survival. The root porosity was measured by pycnometer method and water soluble carbohydrate was measured by the anthrone method. Tolerant cultivars showed greater root porosity development in both control and stress condition but the susceptible cultivar showed significantly lower root development in stress condition. Higher root porosity might help tolerant cultivars to survive in submergence stress more efficiently. Tolerant rice cultivars had high initial soluble carbohydrate than the susceptible one. Under submergedcondition, the tolerant cultivars showed slow depletion of water soluble carbohydrate compared to susceptible cultivar. Higher carbohydrate contents in tolerant cultivars might act as buffer stock during submergence for their better survival and growth.
J Bangladesh Agril Univ 17(4): 539–544, 2019
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Water soluble carbohydrate"
1
Joshi, Gururaj G. "New water soluble synthetic carbohydrate receptors." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.557976.
Full textAbstract:
The macrotricyclic system as a receptor for carbohydrates in organic as well as aqueous media has been extensively studied within the Davis group. The hydrogen bonding and CH-π interactions are the two main non covalent interactions operating for the recognition of carbohydrates in our system. In principle higher affinities could be achieved by enhancing either of these types of interactions. The possibility of enhancing H-bonding interactions with host-guest was explored by the introduction of heterocyclic linkers in the 'temple' receptors. Macrocycle with pyrrole linker 132 and pyridine linker 131 (Figure i) were synthesised and studied for their affinities with different carbohydrate substrates. Pyrrole macrotricycle 132 bound D- Glucose selectively over other substrates with K; = 18 M-1. However pyridine macrotricycle 131 did not show selectivity and higher affinities with any substrates. Figure i. Macrotricycle with pyridine linker 131 and pyrrole linker 132. In collaboration with Roelens group in Firenze, Italy, a series of water soluble C3-symmetric receptors were synthesized and studied for their affinity for carbohydrates. Unfortunately, these series of receptors did not bind the substrates strong enough to be detected by lH NMR titration studies.
2
au, J. Zhang@murdoch edu, and Jing Juan Zhang. "Water deficit in bread wheat: Characterisation using genetic and physiological tools." Murdoch University, 2009. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20090227.120256.
Full textAbstract:
Under terminal water deficit, the impact of stem carbohydrate remobilization has greater significance because post-anthesis assimilation is limited, and grain growth depends on translocation of carbohydrate reserves. The working hypothesis of this thesis is that increases in stem carbohydrates facilitate tolerance to terminal drought in wheat. The goals of this thesis are to examine this hypothesis using physiological and genetic tools; identify genes that are related to QTL for stem carbohydrate; work with wheat and barley breeders to integrate findings into the breeding program of the Department of Agricultural and Food Western Australia.
The physiological data of three drought experiments (two years in a glasshouse and one year in the field) suggested the maximum level of stem water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) is not consistently related to grain weight, especially, under water deficit. The patterns of WSC accumulation after anthesis differed depending on variety and suggested that WSC degradation and translocation have different genetic determinants.
Most of the carbohydrates in stem WSC in wheat are fructans. Because 1-FEH gene was an important gene in fructan degradation, the three copies of this gene (1-FEH w1, 1-FEH w2 and 1-FEH w3) were isolated from the respective genomes of bread wheat. In addition, the genes were mapped to chromosome locations and coincided with QTL for grain weight. The results of gene expression studies show that 1-FEH w3 had significantly higher levels in the stem and sheath which negatively corresponded to the level of stem WSC in two wheat varieties in both water-deficit and well-watered treatments. Strikingly, the 1-FEH w3 appeared to be activated by water deficit in Westonia but not in Kauz. The results suggest that stem WSC level is not, on its own, a reliable criterion to identify potential grain yield in wheat exposed to water deficit during grain filling. The expression of 1-FEH w3 may provide a better indicator when linked to instantaneous water use efficiency, osmotic potential and green leaf retention, and this requires validation in field grown plants. In view of the location of the contribution to grain filling of stem WSC, this is a potential candidate gene contributing to grain filling. The numerous differences of intron sequences of 1-FEH genes would provide more opportunities to find markers associated with the QTL.
A new FEH gene was partially isolated from Chinese Spring and the sequence was closely related to 1-FEH genes. This gene, FEH w4, was mapped to 6AS using Chinese Spring deletion bin lines. The polymorphism of this gene was found between different bread varieties using PCRs and RFLPs, and this allowed the gene to be mapped to two populations of Hanxuan 10 × Lumai 14 and Cranbrook × Halberd. In the population of Hanxuan 10 × Lumai 14, it was close to SSR marker xgwm334 and wmc297 where the QTL of thousand grain weight and grain filling efficiency were located. This result indicated this gene might be another possible candidate gene for grain weight and grain filling in wheat.
3
Charrier, Guillaume. "Mécanismes et modélisation de l'acclimatation au gel des arbres : application au noyer Juglans regia L." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00662461.
Full textAbstract:
Le gel est un des facteurs majeurs limitant l'aire de répartition des végétaux. Il a pour conséquence de limiter l'efficience de la circulation de sève brute par formation d'embolie dans les vaisseaux du xylème. Lorsqu'il y a formation de glace dans les tissus, les cellules vivantes peuvent également être lysées dans les organes lignifiés, et dans les bourgeons. Pour pallier cela, différents mécanismes de résistance sont développés pour limiter la formation d'embolie ou la résorber, pour augmenter transitoirement la tolérance à la formation de glace dans les tissus et pour éviter d'exposer les bourgeons et jeunes feuilles aux gels printaniers tardifs. Ces différents traits ont été caractérisés pour onze espèces communes ayant des limites altitudinales potentielles contrastées. Puis la physiologie de l'acclimatation au gel chez Juglans regia L. a été caractérisée, essentiellement à travers les relations entre humidité pondérale, contenu en sucres solubles, climat et levée de dormance. L'ensemble de ces données a permis d'élaborer un modèle prédictif de la résistance au gel en relation avec la physiologie de l'arbre qui pourrait, couplé avec d'autres modèles simulant la période estivale, permettre d'estimer la conjonction de différents stress sur le potentiel de résistance.
4
Amer, Somaia. "Evaluation of high water soluble carbohydrates annual forages for dairy cattle." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=97158.
Full textAbstract:
Four studies were conducted using high water soluble carbohydrate (WSC), sweet (SM) and low WSC, regular (RM) pearl millet and high WSC (SS) and low WSC (RS) sorghum cultivars. The first and the second studies evaluated the chemical composition and ensiling characteristics of those cultivars. Millet cultivar had no effect on pH. SM silage contained less neutral and acid detergent fiber than RM silage. SS cultivar had less pH than RS cultivar at any ensiling period. RS silage contained greater acid detergent lignin and less non protein nitrogen than SS silage. The third and the fourth studies investigated the feeding value of SM and SS silages. Cows fed SM silage produced milk with greater fat concentration, energy corrected milk, 4% fat corrected milk, and solid corrected milk yield than cows fed corn silage. Milk fat was greater, while milk yield and lactose concentration were less for cows fed SS silage than cows fed alfalfa silage. In conclusion, there is a good potential for pearl millet silage as a source of forage for dairy cows. Further investigations are required to optimize the feeding value of sorghum silage.Quatre études ont été conduites utilisant deux variétés de millet perlé [i.e. riches en glucides solubles (GS) (MS) et pauvre en GS (MR)] ainsi que deux variétés de sorgho [i.e. riches en GS (SS) et pauvre en GS (SR)]. Les première et deuxième études évaluèrent la composition chimique et les caractéristiques d'ensilage des différentes variétés. La variété de millet n'eut pas d'effet sur le pH. L'ensilage de MS contenait moins de fibre NDF et ADF que l'ensilage de MR. La variété de SS avait un pH inférieur au SR à tout moment lors de la période d'ensilage. L'ensilage de SR contenait une quantité supérieure de lignine et moins d'azote non protéique que l'ensilage de SS. Les troisième et quatrième études investiguèrent la valeur nutritive des ensilages de MS et SS. Les vaches soignées à l'ensilage de MS ont produit du lait plus concentré en gras, énergie du lait corrigée, 4% gras du lait corrigé et rendement en solides du lait corrigé que les vaches soignées à l'ensilage de maïs. La concentration en gras du lait était la même tandis que le rendement en lait et la concentration en lactose furent inférieurs pour les vaches soignées à l'ensilage de SS comparativement à celle soignées à l'ensilage de luzerne. En conclusion, il y a un grand potentiel pour l'ensilage de millet perlé en tant que source de fourrage pour les vaches laitières. D'autres études seraient nécessaires pour optimiser les valeurs nutritives de l'ensilage de sorgho.
5
Bonnett, Graham Douglas. "Accumulation, storage and mobilization of water-soluble carbohydrates in stems of winter barley." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328956.
Full text
6
Jones, Alexander M. "Fuel Yield Potential of Field Grown Agave americana L. Based on Water Soluble Carbohydrates, Acid Extractable Carbohydrates, and Enzymatic Digestibility Compared to Other Advanced Biofuel Feedstocks." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1501173804378294.
Full text
7
Kontunen-Soppela, S. (Sari). "Dehydrins in Scots pine tissues:responses to annual rhythm, low temperature and nitrogen." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2001. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514259114.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract
Natural seasonal variation and the effects of cold treatment and nitrogen fertilization on protein
expression with special emphasis on dehydrin proteins, were studied using different aged Scots pine
(Pinus sylvestris L.). Several different dehydrins were found and their expression
depended on the tissue type, tree age or specific treatment. Their concentrations fluctuated seasonally and
in response to nitrogen fertilization, but no effects of low temperature on the dehydrins of seedlings were
observed. A 60-kDa dehydrin was associated with cold acclimation in the bud and bark tissues of mature trees
and in the needles of seedlings. In the needles of mature trees, this dehydrin was associated with
springtime desiccation, which was detected as a significant decrease in the osmotic potential of
needles.
The quantity and quality of soluble proteins altered seasonally in Scots pine tissues, but low
temperature treatment alone did not have any effect on the proteins. Soluble protein concentration increased
during autumn and decreased in spring in buds and bark, but not in the needles of mature trees. In needles
of seedlings, however, protein concentrations altered seasonally. Several proteins, of varying molecular
weights, were more abundant in winter in all the tissues studied and some increased in concentration in the
nitrogen-fertilized seedlings. The role of these proteins as a storage reserve in Scots pine is
discussed.
The osmotic potential of needles showed seasonal fluctuation, being high in the summer and low during
the winter. Low temperature treatment decreased the osmotic and water potential of needles and increased the
concentrations of soluble sugars in seedlings. Based on carbohydrate analyses, the metabolism of seedlings
acclimated to low temperature in less than ten days. Nitrogen fertilization increased the content of total
nitrogen and the soluble protein concentrations in the needles of seedlings and the growth both in the
mature trees and seedlings. Although the frost resistance showed no response to nitrogen-fertilization, the
soluble proteins and dehydrins were affected in a manner that suggested an earlier growth resumption of
spring in the fertilized trees.
8
Santos, Mateus Castilho. "Aditivos químicos para o tratamento da cana-de-açúcar in natura e ensilada (Saccharum officinarum L.)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-10042007-155044/.
Full textAbstract:
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de aditivos químicos sobre as perdas de matéria seca, composição química, valor nutritivo e estabilidade aeróbia da cana-de-açúcar in natura ou ensilada. No primeiro experimento, a cana-de-açúcar foi ensilada em silos laboratoriais. O experimento foi desenvolvido em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições por tratamento. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: L. buchneri, cal virgem e calcário em doses de 1,0 e 1,5% da MV e gesso a 1,0% da MV, diluídos em 40L de água por tonelada de massa verde. Após a abertura dos silos, foram realizadas avaliações de perdas, estabilidade aeróbia, valor nutritivo e composição química. Os tratamentos contendo fontes de CaO ou CaCO3 apresentaram maior recuperação de matéria seca e menores perdas totais e gasosas. Nesses tratamentos também foram observados menor teor de etanol e maior concentração de ácido lático e de carboidratos solúveis. Para as variáveis de valor nutritivo, as silagens tratadas com esses aditivos apresentaram alto teor de cinzas, menor teor de fibra, maior coeficiente de digestibilidade e pequena alteração da fração protéica. As silagens de cana-de-açúcar com gesso ou L. buchneri apresentaram desempenho semelhante a silagem controle para as variáveis acima mencionadas. No ensaio de estabilidade aeróbia, a silagem aditivada com 1,5% de cal virgem apresentou desempenho superior e semelhante as silagens com L. buchneri e gesso. De forma geral, durante a fase anaeróbia as silagens tratadas com fontes de CaO ou CaCO3 apresentaram desempenho superior. Entretanto, na fase aeróbia, somente o tratamento contendo 1,5% de cal virgem manteve desempenho satisfatório. O segundo experimento avaliou o tratamento em montes da cana-de-açúcar picada in natura com doses de cal virgem durante dez dias de exposição aeróbia. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições por tratamento e em arranjo fatorial 2x4 com medidas repetidas no tempo. O fatorial foi composto por dois modos de aplicação e quatro doses do aditivo (0, 0,5, 1,0 e 1,5% da MV). Durante o ensaio foram realizadas avaliações de estabilidade aeróbia, valor nutritivo e composição química. Para as variáveis de estabilidade aeróbia, a utilização de cal virgem foi efetiva em evitar o aquecimento da massa de forragem e reduzir as perdas de matéria seca. Para a avaliação químico-bromatológica, não foi constatada diferença nos teores de CHO´S entre os tratamentos. O tratamento da cana-de-açúcar com cal virgem elevou o pH e a fração mineral da forragem. Os maiores teores de proteína bruta foram observados para a forragem não aditivada, contudo os valores obtidos para os demais tratamentos estão dentro da amplitude relatada na literatura. Doses de 1,0% e 1,5% do aditivo foram efetivas em evitar a elevação nos teores de FDN e FDA da canade- açúcar. A fração hemicelulose sofreu solubilização parcial imediatamente após a aplicação do aditivo. Os maiores coeficientes de DVIVMS e DVIVMO foram observados para as doses altas do aditivo, no modo de aplicação a seco, principalmente nas primeiras horas após o tratamento.The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effects of chemical additives over the dry matter losses, chemical composition, nutritive value and aerobic stability of green chopped and ensiled sugarcane. In the first trial, the sugar cane was ensiled in experimental silos. The trial was carried out in a completely randomized experimental design with four replicates per treatment. The treatments evaluated were: L. buchneri, CaO and CaCO3, 1.0 e 1.5% and Ca(SO4)2, 1.0% (wet basis), all of them diluted to 40L of water per ton of fresh forage. After the silos were opened, the following variables were analyzed: losses, aerobic stability, nutritive value and chemical composition. Higher recovery rates and lower dry matter losses and gaseous production were observed for the silages containing CaO or CaCO3. In these treatments were also observed lower ethanol production and higher lactic acid and water soluble carbohydrates contents. The analysis of nutritive value showed that the utilization of CaO and CaCO3 increased the ash content, diminished the fibrous portion, improved the organic and dry matter digestibility and resulted in small changes of the crude protein content. The utilization of L. buchneri and Ca(SO4)2 resulted in silages similar to the control treatment for these variables. In the aerobic stability assay, only the silage containing 1.5% of CaO maintained the best performance. The silages treated with L. buchneri or Ca(SO4)2 showed similar performance. In summary, the silages treated with CaO or CaCO3 showed the best performance in the anaerobic phase and in the aerobic assay, only the treatment containing 1.5% of CaO maintained the positive performance across both assay. In the second trial, the green chopped sugar cane was treated with doses of CaO in an aerobic assay during ten days. The trial was carried out as a completely randomized experimental design with four replicates in a factorial design with repeated measures. The factorial was composed by two application methods and by increasing doses of CaO (0, 0.5, 1.0 e 1.5% in FF). The following variables were analyzed during the assay: aerobic stability, nutritive value and chemical composition. During the aerobic assay, the treatment with CaO reduced the heating and the dry matter losses in fresh sugar cane. For the chemical composition and nutritive value, there were no differences between treatments for the water soluble carbohydrates concentration. The utilization of CaO increased the pH and ash content of forages. Higher levels of crude protein were observed for the control forage, however the utilization of CaO did not reduced significantly the crude protein value. Doses of 1.0 and 1.5% of CaO inhibited the NDF and ADF uprising contents in the fresh sugar cane. The hemicellulose portion was solubilized immediately after the addition of CaO. Higher IVDMD and IVOMD coefficients were observed for the forage treated with 1.0% of CaO applied dried, mainly during the period immediately after treatment.
9
Al-Asfoor, Husam [Verfasser]. "Effects of Different Feeding Regimes on the Digestibility and Faecal Excretion of Nitrogen, Soluble Carbohydrates and Fibre Fractions in Water Buffaloes kept under Subtropical Conditions / Husam Al-Asfoor." Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1008601756/34.
Full text
10
Wong, H. M. "Probing the interactions between iron nutrition, salinity and ultraviolet-B radiation on the physiological responses of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." Diss., Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1327.
Full textAbstract:
When plants are exposed to multiple environmental stress factors, one form of stress can affect the response to another stress. This study used seedlings of a new cultivar of wheat(Triticum aestivum L. cv. 1862), grown under factorial combinations of two levels of ultraviolet-B (UV-B)radiation, two salinity regimes and two levels of iron treatment in chelator-buffered nutrient solutions in a growth chamber. A number of morphological and physiological measurements were made. The accumulation of chlorophyll, UVabsorbing compounds and proline in shoots, as well as phytosiderophores (PSs) in root exudates were measured. Feed value measurements included crude protein, water-soluble carbohydrates, acid detergent fibre and Fe in shoots and roots. After 21 days of stress exposure, results showed that Fe deficiency and NaCl stress generally decreased plant growth and function as well as nutritive value, but increased plant biochemical protection traits such as proline accumulation (16.3 fold under salinity stress) and release of PSs (2.4 fold under Fe deficiency). Interestingly, UV-B radiation affected belowground parameters, inducing a 47% reduction in PS release, together with decreasing root DM by 9% and Fe concentration in roots by 7%. When Fe deficiency and NaCl stress were combined, the results showed a decrease in PS release by 3.5 fold compared to unstressed plants. UV-B radiation synergistically increased UV-absorbing compound levels in combination with Fe deficiency, compared to plants grown under optimal Fe levels. This stress combination also resulted in a cumulative effect by decreasing Fe concentration in shoots and roots. However, salt stress did not interact with UV-B radiation for any of the traits measured. In addition, some three-way interactions were noted, with the Fe x NaCl x UV-B stress combination slightly decreasing PS release and resulting in a cumulative effect by decreasing Fe concentration in roots. In conclusion, this study found that aboveground stress factors such as UV-B can affect important aspects of belowground plant function, and that Fe deficiency can interact with UV-B and salinity stress in modifying plant responses to either stress alone.
Book chapters on the topic "Water soluble carbohydrate"
1
Soules, David A., and J. Edward Glass. "Dynamic Uniaxial Extensional Viscosities and Their Importance in the Mechanical Stability of Water-Soluble Carbohydrate Polymer Solutions." In Water-Soluble Polymers for Petroleum Recovery, 253–60. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1985-7_17.
Full text
2
Ghesquiere, An, and Jost Baert. "Breeding Perennial Ryegrass with Enhanced Water Soluble Carbohydrate Content." In Quantitative Traits Breeding for Multifunctional Grasslands and Turf, 173–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9044-4_26.
Full text
3
Pengelly, Andrew. "Polysaccharides." In The constituents of medicinal plants, 147–67. 3rd ed. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789243079.0009.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Polysaccharides are universal in the plant and fungal kingdoms. Their functions include food storage, protection of membranes, and maintaining rigidity of cell walls in plants and fungi, whereas for seaweeds they help maintain the flexibility required for life in the ocean. Polysaccharides play significant roles in the activity of numerous herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine and Japanese (Kampo) medicine. Polysaccharides are insoluble in organic solvents; they precipitate in alcohol. Herbal tinctures, which are made using alcoholic solvents of 45% strength or higher, are therefore of little use for polysaccharide extraction. The degree of water solubility depends on the polysaccharide structure. Linear polymers (mucilages) are less water soluble and tend to precipitate at high temperatures and form viscous or slimy solutions. Branched polymers (gums) are more water soluble and form gels, often referred to as 'gummy' or 'sticky'. Examples of carbohydrate polymers and their sources and significance to plants and humans are shown in this chapter. Tabulated data are also given on selected medicinal mushrooms, their polysaccharides and therapeutic uses, as well as on inulin-containing species of herbs from the Asteraceae family.
4
Turner, Lesley, Andrew Cairns, Markku Farrell, and Mervyn Humphreys. "Testing a QTL Index for Marker Selection of Water-Soluble Carbohydrate Content in Perennial Ryegrass." In Sustainable use of Genetic Diversity in Forage and Turf Breeding, 465–69. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8706-5_69.
Full text
5
Krumm, M., V. Moazami, and P. Martin. "Influence of potassium nutrition on concentrations of water soluble carbohydrates, potassium, calcium, and magnesium and the osmotic potential in sap extracted from wheat (Triticum aestivum) ears during preanthesis development." In Plant Nutrition — Physiology and Applications, 633–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0585-6_106.
Full text
6
"Oligosaccharide-Salicylaldehyde Derivatives as Precursors of Water-Soluble, Biocompatible Anion Receptors." In Carbohydrate Chemistry, 172–89. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16602-20.
Full text
7
Ashraf, Ali. "Environmental and Genetic Variation for Water Soluble Carbohydrate Content in Cool Season Forage Grasses." In Carbohydrates - Comprehensive Studies on Glycobiology and Glycotechnology. InTech, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/51575.
Full text
8
Guo, Rui, Ji Zhou, WeiPing Hao, DaoZhi Gong, SongTao Yang, XiuLi Zhong, and FengXue Gu. "Comparison of the Effects of Saline and Alkaline Stress on Growth, Photosynthesis and Water-Soluble Carbohydrate of Oat Seedling (Avena sativa L)." In Principles, Application and Assessment in Soil Science. InTech, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/29860.
Full text
9
Aires da Silva, Diego, Giselle Cristine Melo Aires, and Rosinelson da Silva Pena. "Gums—Characteristics and Applications in the Food Industry." In Innovation in the Food Sector Through the Valorization of Food and Agro-Food By-Products [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95078.
Full textAbstract:
Gums, or polysaccharides, are complex carbohydrates, soluble in water, which can form gels and mucilages. They have high molar mass and can be formed by galactose, arabinose, rhamnose, xylose, galacturonic acid, among others. They have gelling characteristics, thickening, moisture retention, emulsification and stabilization. Polysaccharides are widely used in the formulation of food products, due to their wide versatility. Its diversity of applications is closely linked to its chemical structures. The characterization of structural molecules allows the knowledge of the properties of polysaccharides or glycoconjugates. In this sense, this chapter addresses knowledge about chemical, molecular, rheological, thermodynamic characteristics that are extremely important to identify the use and applications of polysaccharides in the context of elaboration and innovation in the food industry.
10
Mitchell, Graham. "Water Balance in Giraffes." In How Giraffes Work, 241–60. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197571194.003.0011.
Full textAbstract:
Wild giraffes live in arid environments. Having access to water and minimizing water requirements are critical. The main sources of water are the water in browse and water generated by metabolism. Giraffes rely less on surface water: intermittent use of surface water is a legendary characteristic of giraffes. The volume of water needed depends on body mass. For a giraffe weighing 750 kg, ~25 L of water is needed daily. The water content of browse is ~60%, and as a giraffe of that mass will eat ~35 kg of fresh browse daily, it simultaneously will acquire ~20 L of water. Metabolism of the fat, carbohydrates, and proteins in 35 kg of fresh browse will produce ~10 L of water. These two sources of water exceed daily requirements and reduce the need to drink surface water. Water is lost through feces, evaporation from the skin and respiratory tract, and in urine. Fecal water loss and water lost in exhaled air amount to ~4 L daily (~2 L each). It is not known if giraffes sweat, but their skin contains active sweat glands. The volume of water lost as sweat will vary according to what thermoregulatory mechanisms are activated to minimize sweating, but may be 5 L daily. Obligatory excretion of water-soluble wastes in urine can account for most water lost daily, and that amount is related to kidney anatomy and function. In a 750-kg giraffe, obligatory urine volume is ~10 L daily.
Conference papers on the topic "Water soluble carbohydrate"
1
Xuan, Trinh Anh, Phan Nghia Trung, Bui Long Dinh, Takumi Yamaguchi, and Koichi Kato. "Preparation of water-soluble glycoconjugated poly(acrylamide) for NMR analyses of carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions." In PROCEEDINGS OF PPS-29: The 29th International Conference of the Polymer Processing Society - Conference Papers. American Institute of Physics, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4873797.
Full text
2
Yamada, Kuriko, Susumu Nishiguchi, Atsushi Toda, Kenji Monde, and Shin-Ichiro Nishimura. "EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS OF OLIGOSACCHARIDE DERIVATIVES USING IMMOBILIZED GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASES AND WATER-SOLUBLE PRIMER POLYMERS." In XXIst International Carbohydrate Symposium 2002. TheScientificWorld Ltd, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2002.651.
Full text
3
Miralestari, Mugi, Asep Sudarman, Sri Suharti, and Ahmad Sofyan. "Enhancing Physical-chemical Quality and Palatability of King Grass (Pennisetum Hyrid) Silage Treated by Combination of Water Soluble Carbohydrate and Legume Sources." In 3rd International Conference of Computer, Environment, Agriculture, Social Science, Health Science, Engineering and Technology. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010041602700275.
Full text
4
Yudina V.N., V. N., and L. L. Boldyrevа L.L. "Study of the content of water-soluble carbohydrates in stems of sweet sorghum in the conditions of Рiedmont Сrimea." In Растениеводство и луговодство. Тимирязевская сельскохозяйственная академия, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1762-4-2020-54.
Full textAbstract:
Study of the content of sugars in juice and in dry matter of stems of hybrids and parental forms of sweet sorghum are presented in this article. Quantitative data were obtained using a refractometer in the field, and using the phenol method and a microplate photometer in laboratory conditions. The data obtained will serve as the basis for the creation of new high-sugar forms of sweet sorghum.