Journal articles on the topic 'Water resources development Thailand'
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1
Varitwuttikul, Khemika, Supasit Tana, Supattra Wannasubchae, and Rudklaw Pampasit. "HISTORY OF WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT AND WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN THAILAND." PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences 3, no. 2 (October 16, 2017): 1540–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2017.32.15401557.
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Vasconcelos, Vitor Vieira, Sucharit Koontanakulvong, Paulo Pereira Martin Junior, and Renato Moreira Hadad. "Public policies for negotiated water allocation: a dialogue between Thailand and Brazil1." Water Policy 17, no. 5 (March 2, 2015): 887–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2015.157.
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This paper presents the authors' reflections regarding the collaborative studies and discussions on water resources among researchers from Thailand and Brazil. First, the similarities and differences between the countries regarding water resource management and policies are noted. Subsequently, the experiences and challenges of both countries in the negotiated allocation of water resources are discussed. Finally, the researchers comment on the current proposed draft of Thailand's water law based on the experience in Brazil.
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Sirivedhin, Anumongkol, Vichit Lorchirachoonkul, and Somboonwan Satayarakvit. "The water resources information system for Thailand." Information Technology for Development 2, no. 3 (September 1987): 231–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02681102.1987.9627102.
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Neef, A., J. Hager, T. Wirth, R. Schwarzmeier, and F. Heidhues. "Land tenure and water rights in Thailand and Vietnam : challenges for ethnic minorities in mountainous forest regions." Geographica Helvetica 61, no. 4 (December 31, 2006): 255–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-61-255-2006.
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Abstract. Ethnie minorities in the mountainous forest regions of northern Thailand and northern Vietnam live in a particularly restrictive political, social and economic environment. Widespread degradation of land, water and forest resources has adverse effects on the livelihoods of these groups. Given the dramatically increasing scarcity of natural resources, regulation of resource access and allocation are becoming fundamental for the development of sustainable resource management, in which an active participation of the local population in planning and implementation is a crucial prerequisite. In this article, the political and institutional framework of current resource policies and resulting conflicts are discussed for the two countries. Drawing on various case studies, typical land and water tenure conflicts are presented and their impact on the protection and use of natural resources and on the livelihoods of ethnie minorities is analyzed.
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Doungsuwan, Narit, Chatchai Ratanachai, Penjai Somgpongchaiyakul, and Prapaporn Sangganjanavanich. "Impacts Of The National Economic And Social Development Plan On Songkhla Lake Basin Development Thailand." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 12, no. 8 (July 29, 2013): 895. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v12i8.7987.
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The objectives of this study were to explore the impacts of Thailands eleven National Economic and Social Development Plans (NESDP or NP) on the development, natural resources, and environment of the Songkhla Lake Basin (SLB), Thailand, and to propose policy recommendations for this development. Data on development in the SLB were collected through literature reviews and through four focus group discussions for related stakeholders in the four sub-basins. Our results showed that the focus of development changed from economic development in NP1 through NP7 to a new model of holistic people-centered development with an emphasis on sustainability in NP8 through NP11. During this time (1961-2013), economic development has progressed in the SLB. For instance, 443 irrigation projects were developed to support expanded rice paddy fields, the area of shrimp farms increased to a current total of 60,174 rais, rubber plantations encroached into 30% of the total watershed area, and the number of factories increased to 2,748. This increased development has led to water pollution, sedimentation in Songkhla Lake, degradation of the watershed, and the depletion of fishery resources, requiring urgent remedial action. We recommend that mechanisms are provided for the public to fully participate in formulating basin development plans by, for example, establishing a Songkhla Lake Basin Development Institute and conducting a basin-level strategic environmental assessment.
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Heyd, Helene, and Andreas Neef. "Public participation in water management in northern Thai highlands." Water Policy 8, no. 5 (October 1, 2006): 395–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2006.048.
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In the early 1990s, Thailand launched an ambitious program of decentralized governance, conferring greater responsibilities upon sub-district administrations and providing fiscal opportunities for local development planning. This process was reinforced by Thailand's new Constitution of 1997, which explicitly assures individuals, communities and local authorities the right to participate in the management of natural resources. Drawing on a study of water management in the Mae Sa watershed, northern Thailand, this article analyzes to what extent the constitutional right of participation has been put into practice. To this end, a stakeholder analysis was conducted in the watershed, with a focus on local people's interests and strategies in water management and the transformation of participatory policies through government agencies at the local level. While government officers stressed the importance of stakeholder inclusion and cooperation with the local people, there is a sharp contrast between the official rhetoric and the reality on the ground. The analysis reveals that government officers, particularly in the conservation-oriented agencies, are not disposed to devolve power to lower levels and that participation of local people in water management seems currently to be passive or, at best, consultative in nature. In order to deal with the increasingly severe water problems in northern Thailand, decision makers have to recognize the value of participation and promote a profound change in government officers' attitudes towards local people through training programs and incentives.
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Visvanathan, C., and A. Cippe. "Strategies for development of industrial wastewater reuse in Thailand." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 10 (May 1, 2001): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0580.
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Majority of the industrial activities in Thailand are concentrated around Bangkok Metropolitan Area. The ever increasing industrial activities have led to over exploitation of water resources and discharge of significant pollution load. Therefore, it is important to identify the wastewater reuse potentials and develop strategies for its promotion within the industrial sector. Although technological advances have made it possible to treat effluents for industrial re-use, in practice, the Thai industries do lack in implementation of such technologies. Promotion of cleaner production concepts and advanced new technologies such as membrane technologies could assist the industry for the implementation of wastewater reuse projects in Thailand. This paper discusses various technical, institutional and management related issues to promote industrial wastewater reuse, with few case studies.
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Tontisirin, Nij, and Sutee Anantsuksomsri. "Economic Development Policies and Land Use Changes in Thailand: From the Eastern Seaboard to the Eastern Economic Corridor." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 30, 2021): 6153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116153.
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The Thai government’s project called “Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC)” was announced in 2016 to stimulate economic development and help the country escape from the middle-income trap. The project provides investment incentives for the private sector and the infrastructure development of land, rail, water, and air transportation. The EEC project encompasses three provinces in the eastern region of Thailand because of their strategic locations near deep seaports and natural resources in the Gulf of Thailand. Clearly, this policy will lead to dramatic changes in land uses and the livelihoods of the people in these three provinces. However, the extent to which land use changes will occur because of this project remains unclear. This study aims to analyze land use changes in the eastern region of Thailand using a Cellular Automata–Markov model. The results show that land uses of the coastal areas have become more urbanized than inland areas, which are primarily agricultural lands. The predicted land uses suggest shrinking agricultural lands of paddy fields, field crops, and horticulture lands but expanding perennial lands. These changes in land uses highlight challenges in urban administration and management as well as threats to Thailand’s agricultural cultures in the future.
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Blake, David J. H. "King Bhumibol: The Symbolic “Father of Water Resources Management” and Hydraulic Development Discourse in Thailand." Asian Studies Review 39, no. 4 (October 2015): 649–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10357823.2015.1086972.
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Sodkomkham, Thanwarhat, Chavalit Ratanatamskul, and Achara Chandrachai. "An Integrated Lean Management, IoT and MFCA Systems for Water Management of Industrial Manufacturing in Thailand." E3S Web of Conferences 241 (2021): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124101006.
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The study objective was to examine, develop and apply an integrated lean management, IoT and MFCA system to optimize water management of industrial manufacturing in Thailand to increase efficiency. The results of a case study reduced water use in production processes by 15% per annum, with cost reduction of approximately US$12, 182. Reduced water consumption renders production processes more environmentally friendly, with increased ease and accuracy in managing water resources. Production processes also become more valuable by applying a modern management approach using industrial engineering techniques that enhance productivity, while reducing costs and increasing competitiveness. Results can be used to balance business development and promote the economy, society and environment in Thailand in the future.
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Faksomboon, Banchongsak. "Development of a Hydrodynamic Model for Regulating Water Drainage of Reservoir and Water Resources Management, Lamtakong Watershed of Thailand." Nakhara : Journal of Environmental Design and Planning 21, no. 3 (November 30, 2022): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.54028/nj202221217.
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The goal of this research was to develop a hydrodynamic model (HDD-M) for water resource management in the Lamtakong Watershed (LTKW), as well as to simulate three scenarios: 1) Current land use conditions in 2021, 2) Forecasting predicted land-use changes in 2024, and 3) Water drainage regulation of the Lamtakong Reservoir (LTKR) for water resource management in 2024. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model and Geographic Information System (GIS) program were used to estimate and simulate the amount of Surface Runoff (S), Sediment Yield (SED), Carbonaceous Biochemical Oxygen Demand concentration (CBOD), and Nitrate concentration (NO3) based on a comparison of simulated and observed data. In scenario 1, the S, SED, CBOD, and NO3 were calculated to be 238.44 million cubic meters (MCM), 840,613.68 tons per year, 2.38 mg/L, and 7.36 mg/L, respectively. In the second scenario, the S decreased to 14.75 MCM, whereas SED, CBOD, and NO3 increased to 56,757.48 tons, 0.56 mg/L, and 0.79 mg/L, respectively, when compared to scenario 1, (Scenario 2). Scenario 3 demonstrated that during the dry season of November to June, the standards of surface water were CBOD and NO3, and that increasing LTKR drainage can help prevent the deterioration of water yields. As a result, the HDD-M, which includes the reservoir's controlling water drainage, may need to be considered to satisfy water resource management goals.
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Sampantamit, Tiptiwa, Pavarot Noranarttragoon, Carl Lachat, and Peter Goethals. "Evolution of Fish and Shellfish Supplies Originating from Wild Fisheries in Thailand Between 1995 and 2015." Sustainability 11, no. 24 (December 16, 2019): 7198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11247198.
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Fisheries resources play a crucial role in economic development, food security, and healthy nutrition for humans. Consequently, fisheries are of paramount importance for several Sustainable Development Goals, in particular SDGs 1 and 8, which are related to poverty and economic growth, as well as SDGs 2 and 3, which are about zero hunger and good health. On the other hand, fisheries can also negatively influence the ecosystem (SDG 14, life below water). Thailand is one of the world’s most significant producers and exporters of fisheries products. This present work describes the evolution of wild fisheries production in Thailand for over twenty years and discusses its impact on fish and shellfish supplies. The present overview uses mainly the official statistical catch data of Thailand. From 1995 to 2015, Thailand’s marine fisheries production gradually decreased from approximately 2.8 million tonnes to 1.3 million tonnes per year. Concerning taxonomic composition of the catches, no dramatic shifts were recorded during the 20-year period. The main observation seems that for less abundant taxa, such as Chirocentridae, Sillaginidae, Ariidae, Sharks, and Psettodidae, their part in the catch was halved between 1995 and 2015. On the other hand, inland capture fisheries remained constant at 0.2 million tonnes per year. The annual value of wild fisheries production was, on average US$1.7 billion. Notably, trawl fishing systematically reduced during these two decennia, resulting in a fishing efficiency of approximately 140 tonnes of demersal fish per trawl unit per year in 2015. During 2008–2015, the number of registered gill net fishing boats drastically increased from 2,300 to 6,600, and this has led to a dramatic decline in fishing efficiency to about 10% in 2014–2015. More in general, Thailand’s continuous decline in marine capture production was linked to increased fuel prices, tightening restrictions by neighbouring countries for access into their exclusive economic zone, and the depletion of resources due to overfishing and illegal fishing. Against rising concerns about the sustainability of intensive fishing practices in recent years, Thailand is ramping up efforts to reduce the exploitation of fishery resources to levels that would achieve maximum sustainable yields. In particular, the intensity of fishing based on gill nets needs to be addressed in the future. Hence, Thailand’s fisheries production faces the pressure of realising the importance of sustainable fisheries resources management and its impact on marine life and biodiversity, in addition to its role as a significant food source for a healthy population.
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Quang, Nguyen Nhan. "Vietnam and the sustainable development of the Mekong river basis." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 11 (June 1, 2002): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0403.
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Vietnam is a riparian country located in most downstream area of the Mekong river basin which is also shared by other states namely China, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand and Cambodia. While the Central Highlands of Vietnam has a great potential for hydropower development in tributaries of Mekong river, the Mekong delta in Vietnam territory is rich in natural resources which are favorable for agricultural development. However, besides local constraints which have being gradually remedied by Vietnam, the development of the Mekong delta is subject to, in both terms of quantity and quality, availability of water resources which relates to the water use of or discharge into the river of upper riparians. With a view to co-developing these resources in a sustainable and mutual benefit manner, Vietnam has cooperated with other states through framework of the Mekong River Commission set up by the 1995 Mekong Agreement. This paper describes the strategy and action plan applied by Viet Nam National Mekong Committee to reach the sustainable development of the Mekong river basin in general and of Vietnam parts located in the Mekong basin in particular.
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SHIVAKOTI, GANESH P., and RAM C. BASTAKOTI. "The robustness of Montane irrigation systems of Thailand in a dynamic human–water resources interface." Journal of Institutional Economics 2, no. 2 (July 3, 2006): 227–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174413740600035x.
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This paper examines the dynamism and robustness of two irrigation systems of the Kok River system within the Mekong River basin in northern Thailand in the context of changing governance mechanisms and evolution of technological and market forces. It analyzes both temporal and spatial dynamism of the irrigation systems. The temporal dynamism was analyzed over three phases: before intervention, initial operation, and long-term. The before intervention phase analysis examined the effect of various attributes of users on starting an irrigation system, whereas the initial operation phase inquiry included the process of development of rules and level of autonomy in developing the users' own rules over time. The long-term phase analysis focused on external factors affecting the sustainment of these irrigation systems. Spatial dynamism was examined across upstream and downstream systems and within different locations of the system. The analysis was centered on linkages and relationships between five entities: resource, resource users, public infrastructure, public infrastructure providers, and external disturbances. Both systems were still robust, owing to the sustainment of local customs and the role of local leaders still vital, albeit in different forms. The group efforts, their self-governing capabilities, and local institutions, including the changed role of leaders in dealing with external forces, have played an important role in maintaining the robustness of these systems.
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Resurreccion, Bernadette P., Mary Jane Real, and Panadda Pantana. "Officialising strategies: participatory processes and gender in Thailand's water resources sector." Development in Practice 14, no. 4 (June 2004): 521–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09614520410001686115.
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Phantumvanit, Dhira, and Khunying Suthawan Sathirathai. "Thailand Degradation and Development in a Resource-Rich Land." Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development 30, no. 1 (February 1988): 10–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00139157.1988.9930864.
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Jacobs, Katharine, Louis Lebel, James Buizer, Lee Addams, Pamela Matson, Ellen McCullough, Po Garden, George Saliba, and Timothy Finan. "Linking knowledge with action in the pursuit of sustainable water-resources management." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 17 (January 11, 2010): 4591–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0813125107.
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Managing water for sustainable use and economic development is both a technical and a governance challenge in which knowledge production and sharing play a central role. This article evaluates and compares the role of participatory governance and scientific information in decision-making in four basins in Brazil, Mexico, Thailand, and the United States. Water management institutions in each of the basins have evolved during the last 10–20 years from a relatively centralized water-management structure at the state or national level to a decision structure that involves engaging water users within the basins and the development of participatory processes. This change is consistent with global trends in which states increasingly are expected to gain public acceptance for larger water projects and policy changes. In each case, expanded citizen engagement in identifying options and in decision-making processes has resulted in more complexity but also has expanded the culture of integrated learning. International funding for water infrastructure has been linked to requirements for participatory management processes, but, ironically, this study finds that participatory processes appear to work better in the context of decisions that are short-term and easily adjusted, such as water-allocation decisions, and do not work so well for longer-term, high-stakes decisions regarding infrastructure. A second important observation is that the costs of capacity building to allow meaningful stakeholder engagement in water-management decision processes are not widely recognized. Failure to appreciate the associated costs and complexities may contribute to the lack of successful engagement of citizens in decisions regarding infrastructure.
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Singtuen, Vimoltip, and Burapha Phajuy. "Archaeological Distribution of Geoheritage for Geotourism Development in Nakhon Sawan Province, Thailand." Quaestiones Geographicae 39, no. 3 (August 6, 2020): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/quageo-2020-0023.
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AbstractNakhon Sawan Province is located in Upper Central Thailand, where the Chao Phraya River, the vital river of Thailand, begins. According to the distribution of the archaeological sites, the related geological features were divided into two groups by geodiversity scope: (1) hydrological sites - Chao Phraya river, Bueng Boraphet lake, (2) speleological sites - Tham Phet-Tham Thong cave and Khoa Nor mountain. The hydrological sites are the primary water resources of local people since many hundred years, including transportation, agriculture, and fishery, so there are many archaeological sites around there. In addition, the speleological sites are covered with limestones intruded by the granitic rocks, which has caused ore deposition in the form of skarn. The evidence of antiquities in the archaeological site near speleological sites suggests that ancient people discovered and produced their ores, notably iron in the studied area. Based on inventory, characterization, classification, and assessment methods, this preliminary geoarchaeology study can support Nakhon Sawan to promote geotourism for sustainability by their stunning geological features, fantastic nature as well as beautiful culture, both past and present.
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Bearden, Bennett L. "The legal regime of the Mekong River: a look back and some proposals for the way ahead." Water Policy 12, no. 6 (December 3, 2009): 798–821. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2009.060.
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In 1957, the four lower Mekong River states jointly organized the development of the basin and established a legal regime that has spanned five decades of cooperation. In 1995, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Thailand and Vietnam concluded the Agreement on the Cooperation for the Sustainable Development of the Mekong River Basin and formed the Mekong River Commission, which has been lauded as the most progressive of river institutions and a model for the world. At the core of the 1995 Mekong Agreement is the concept of sustainable development. Guided by this sustainable development paradigm, the Lower Mekong River Basin states attempt to balance the maintenance of water quantity with protection of water quality, and agree to cooperate and use the Mekong's water resources in a manner in which the river system's environmental conditions and ecological balance are conserved and maintained. However, development of the Mekong and its tributaries has rendered the efficacy of the Mekong legal regime to support holistic water resources management questionable. More than ten years of experience has shown that there are aspects of the 1995 Mekong Agreement that should be strengthened in order to secure the environmental, economic and social benefits that it promises.
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Pratoomchai, Weerayuth, Chaiwat Ekkawatpanit, Naphol Yoobanpot, and Kwan Tun Lee. "A Dilemma between Flood and Drought Management: Case Study of the Upper Chao Phraya Flood-Prone Area in Thailand." Water 14, no. 24 (December 12, 2022): 4056. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14244056.
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Floods are the greatest natural disaster in Thailand, but they are an important part of recharging the water volume for groundwater resources. This paper focused on evaluating and discussing the relationship between flood magnitudes and flood management impacting groundwater storage in the Upper Chao Phraya River basin in Thailand, where the intensive rice production of the region is located. Based on satellite image data, there were annual flood inundations varying from 1950 to 10,470 km2 over the period 2005–2019. The evaluation shows those flooding events yielded floodwater recharge of approximately 0.5–5.9 km3. To lessen the flood damage, floodways with 2000 m3 s-1 of drainage capacity are proposed by the government. This measure aims to accelerate flood surplus out to the gulf of Thailand and to confine the flooding areas to a maximum value of 4650 km2. A reduction of approximately 3.4 km3 of groundwater storage is estimated if the floodways are implemented. Staple crops in the dry season, especially rice fields outside an irrigation project (rainfed area), cope with water stress. To sustain basin water demand in the dry season, approximately 1820 km2 should be allowed for an area flooded for a month where 0.9 km3 of water volume is harvested annually. Although flood control is important, potential impact on the reduction of groundwater recharge needs to be carefully considered. Therefore, a flood control policy shows the balance of available basin water occasionally supplied by the groundwater while rice water demand is being proposed.
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Petpongpan, Chanchai, Chaiwat Ekkawatpanit, and Duangrudee Kositgittiwong. "Climate Change Impact on Surface Water and Groundwater Recharge in Northern Thailand." Water 12, no. 4 (April 4, 2020): 1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12041029.
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Climate change is progressing and is now one of the most important global challenges for humanities. Water resources management is one of the key challenges to reduce disaster risk. In Northern Thailand, flood and drought have always occurred because of the climate change impact and non-systematic management in the conjunctive use of both sources of water. Therefore, this study aims to assess the climate change impact on surface water and groundwater of the Yom and Nan river basins, located in the upper part of Thailand. The surface water and groundwater regimes are generated by a fully coupled SWAT-MODFLOW model. The future climate scenarios are considered from the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 2.6 and 8.5, presented by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), in order to mainly focus on the minimum and maximum Green House Gas (GHG) emissions scenarios during the near future (2021–2045) periods. The results show that the average annual air temperature rises by approximately 0.5–0.6 °C and 0.9–1.0 °C under the minimum (RCP 2.6) and maximum (RCP 8.5) GHG emission scenarios, respectively. The annual rainfall, obtained from both scenarios, increased by the same range of 20–200 mm/year, on average. The summation of surface water (water yield) and groundwater recharge (water percolation) in the Yom river basin decreased by 443.98 and 316.77 million m3/year under the RCPs 2.6 and 8.5, respectively. While, in the Nan river basin, it is projected to increase by 355 million m3/year under RCP 2.6 but decrease by 20.79 million m3/year under RCP 8.5. These quantitative changes can directly impact water availability when evaluating the water demand for consumption, industry, and agriculture.
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KROUTNOI, Luechai, Thavivongse SRIBURI, Saowanee WIJITKOSUM, and Kamol NUANYAI. "Determination of Stimulating Factors of Wild Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) Dispersal from the Kaeng Krachan National Park to Surrounding Land Use in Thailand." Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST) 17, no. 4 (June 3, 2018): 392–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/wjst.2020.4087.
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Wild Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) disturbances are a major conservation concern in Thailand. Elephant dispersal was observed to identify factors that encouraged seasonal migration from the Kaeng Krachan National Park (KKNP), of 466.24 hectares across, into adjacent agricultural lands at the Pa Deng sub-district (PDS) in Phetchchaburi Province, Thailand. Land use patterns in 1975, 1992, 2002, and 2011 from satellite images taken by Landsat-5 TM, and community attitudes on the impacts of land disturbance, were analyzed. All village chiefs were concerned about future management for living with the increased numbers of elephants strolling in their lands expanding from the KKNP border. In 1975, the area was almost completely forested, but chronologically changed to agricultural and community area by 6.43, 8.34, and 7.35 % for 1992, 2002, and 2011, respectively. The area of bare land and natural water courses was found to be reformed to 8.86, 3.46, and 1.38 %, in 1992, 2002, and 2011, respectively. It was concluded that community and agricultural development encroached upon the bare lands and water courses of elephants, and latterly interrupted elephant trails by forest fragmentation. Six elephant trails were found to be aligned east/west across KKNP into surrounding water reservoirs and agricultural lands, at 170 to 380 m above mean sea level (AMSL), at a slope of less than 10 %, and within a radius of 100 - 300 m from communities. Along those trails, data of line transects revealed indirect evidence, 70 dung piles, 27 feeding signs, and 26 footprints. They were directed to major water resources, e.g., the Deng, Paloa, and Kralang reservoirs. It can be concluded that an important factor influencing the elephant dispersal were water sources located at the border of conserved forest; therefore, water development for elephants in KKNP was recommended, using local community-based natural resource management.
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Singto, Chakaphon, Luuk Fleskens, and Jeroen Vos. "Institutionalizing Participation in Water Resource Development: Bottom-Up and Top-Down Practices in Southern Thailand." Water 10, no. 6 (June 13, 2018): 781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10060781.
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Ngammuangtueng, Pitak, Napat Jakrawatana, Pariyapat Nilsalab, and Shabbir H. Gheewala. "Water, Energy and Food Nexus in Rice Production in Thailand." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (October 22, 2019): 5852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205852.
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This research introduces an approach to analyze the nexus of water, energy and rice production system at the watershed scale. The nexus relationship equations, developed to suit the local scale facilitating analysis in the rice production sector, were integrated with a Material Flow Analysis tool to expand the visualization capability. Moreover, the nexus flow was linked with the selected resource security, eco-efficiency and economic indicators, taking into account the spatial and temporal effect of water availability. The study covers the nexus resource flows not only in the rice production sector but also all other sectors in the whole watershed to assess local resource security. The tool covers wider implications, trade-offs and synergy impacts that were not much covered in previous studies. The tool was applied to evaluate the trade-offs and synergies of the impacts from proposed scenarios of alternative agricultural practices and land-use change options. The scenarios applying land-use change, and changing non-suitable and low-suitable rice cultivation areas to sugarcane and cassava, can reduce water use significantly resulting in reducing the nexus energy while the impact on economics, food security and direct energy use is small.
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Rangsiwanichpong, Prem, and Assefa M. Melesse. "Analyzing the Benefit-Cost Ratio of Sediment Resources by Remote Sensing Data in the Ping River Basin, Thailand." Water 14, no. 13 (June 28, 2022): 2071. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14132071.
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Sediment is one of the important natural resources on the Earth. Information on sediment resources is key to making decisions regarding soil resources management and mitigation during sediment hazard events. Thus, this research analyzed and mapped the benefit-cost ratio (BCR) of sediment in the Ping River using a Geographic Information System (GIS). Furthermore, the benefit of sediment was analyzed using a new application of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) with a spatial resolution of 1 km2. The results reveal that the potential of annual soil loss and sediment deposition in the Ping River Basin (PRB) were approximately 825 and 530 m3/km2·y, respectively. In addition, the results indicated that there was a higher BCR in the upstream area of the PRB where there was greater sediment deposition. The average benefit of sediment in the PRB is USD 4280/km2·y. It is expected that the BCR of the sediment resources map analyzed in this research will help policy-makers for decision-making on the benefits of sediment resources in Thailand.
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Soukhaphon, Akarath, Ian G. Baird, and Zeb S. Hogan. "The Impacts of Hydropower Dams in the Mekong River Basin: A Review." Water 13, no. 3 (January 22, 2021): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13030265.
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The Mekong River, well known for its aquatic biodiversity, is important to the social, physical, and economic health of millions living in China, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam. This paper explores the social and environmental impacts of several Mekong basin hydropower dams and groupings of dams and the geographies of their impacts. Specifically, we examined the 3S (Sesan, Sekong Srepok) river system in northeastern Cambodia, the Central Highlands of Vietnam, and southern Laos; the Khone Falls area in southern Laos; the lower Mun River Basin in northeastern Thailand; and the upper Mekong River in Yunnan Province, China, northeastern Myanmar, northern Laos, and northern Thailand. Evidence shows that these dams and groupings of dams are affecting fish migrations, river hydrology, and sediment transfers. Such changes are negatively impacting riparian communities up to 1000 km away. Because many communities depend on the river and its resources for their food and livelihood, changes to the river have impacted, and will continue to negatively impact, food and economic security. While social and environmental impact assessments have been carried out for these projects, greater consideration of the scale and cumulative impacts of dams is necessary.
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Polpanich, Orn-uma, Steve W. Lyon, Chayanis Krittasudthacheewa, Angela L. Bush, and Eric Kemp-Benedict. "Modelling impacts of development on water resources in the Huai Sai Bat sub-basin in north-eastern Thailand with a participatory approach." International Journal of Water Resources Development 33, no. 6 (May 17, 2017): 1020–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2017.1322940.
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Sookngam, Kannika, Prayoon Wongchantra, and Wutthisak Bunnaen. "The Effect of Environmental Education Training Course in Soil, Water and Forest Conservation on the Concept of The King Rama Ⅸ of Thailand." International Journal of Higher Education 10, no. 4 (February 4, 2021): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v10n4p32.
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The purposes of this research were to study and compare knowledge about soil, water and forests conservation, environmental ethics and environmental volunteers using the environmental education training course on the concept of The King Rama Ⅸ of Thailand in soil, water and forest conservation before and after training of students having different genders and Grade Point Average (GPA). There were two sample used this research: one involved in the curriculum development consisting of 94 students in Environmental Education, Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies Mahasarakham University enrolled in the course Environmental Education Training Curriculum in the first semester of the academic year 2018, and the other composed of 67 first-year students in Environmental Studies who were enrolled in the course Environmental Education in the second semester of the academic year 2018. Both groups were selected through the purposive sampling. The research instruments were Environmental Education Training Course in soil, water and forest conservation on the concept of The King Rama Ⅸ of Thailand, knowledge test about soil, water and forest conservation, environmental ethics test and environmental volunteers test. The statistics used in the research were frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, including hypothesis testing using t-test, F-test One-Way MANOVA, One-Way MANCOVA, and Univariate Test. The results showed that: 1. The students’ average score of knowledge about soil, water and forest conservation on the concept of The King Rama Ⅸ of Thailand, environmental ethics, and environmental volunteers in the posttest was higher than the pretest statistical significance (p< .05). 2. There was significant different of average score of knowledge about soil, water and forest conservation on the concept of The King Rama Ⅸ science of Thailand, environmental ethics, and environmental volunteers between students with different gender statistical (p< .05). 3. There was significant different of average score of knowledge about soil, water and forest conservation on the concept of The King Rama Ⅸ of Thailand, environmental ethics, and environmental volunteers between students with different Grade Point Average (GPA) statistical (p< .05).
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Ngoc Bao, Pham, Bijon Kumer Mitra, and Tetsuo Kuyama. "Integrated Approach for Sustainable Hydropower Development in the Mekong River Basin." Environment and Natural Resources Research 7, no. 1 (February 9, 2017): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/enrr.v7n1p60.
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This paper analyses roles of integrated approach to establish a regional mechanism for sustainable hydropower development in the Mekong River Basin. Based on a critical review of the current trend of hydropower development, it argued that existing approach of uncoordinated Mekong mainstream hydropower development cannot ensure sustainable development; rather it causes negative impacts on food security, livelihoods, biodiversity, and ecosystem across the river basin, especially countries in Lower Mekong Basin (LMB), including Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam. As a result, it fails to bring positive net benefits at both national and regional level. Specifically, if all proposed mainstream dams are constructed and fully operated, Lao PDR is the only economically winner of billions USD after 20 years, while Thailand, Cambodia, and Viet Nam are losers, and total net value will be minus 275 billion USD. Early recognition of the “nexus” interactions amongst hydropower development and cross-border food security, water security and livelihoods can minimise the risk of diplomatic conflicts and social unrest, and is only enabled when member states are willing to divert high-level government priorities from national interests to transboundary interests, as implementing the nexus approach throughout the river basin could contribute to reducing trade-offs between hydropower development and basin-wide socio-economy, and increase synergies through implementation of benefit-sharing mechanisms towards a win-win outcome. It recommends strengthening the Mekong River Commission via bolstered resources and coordinating authority, and encourages China to participate as a full member. It also argues that transboundary Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) of river projects should be conducted to reflect the synergic and trade-off nexus effect across the whole river basin.
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Vandergeest, Peter. "Property rights in protected areas: obstacles to community involvement as a solution in Thailand." Environmental Conservation 23, no. 3 (September 1996): 259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689290003887x.
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SummaryConflicts between local people and managers of protected areas (PAs) have often undermined conservation goals in Asia. Since the 1970s, conservation planners have tried to address these problems by incorporating rural development into PA planning. More recently, many conservationists have argued for increasing community involvement in PA management, and for allowing traditional resource uses inside PAs. Based on research in Thailand I make three arguments regarding obstacles to implementing the new approach.In Thailand, laws governing Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Parks enacted in the early 1960s were premised on the idea that human use and nature preservation were incompatible. Rapid expansion of these PAs in recent years has produced endemic conflict with rural people claiming resources inside PAs. To address this problem, the Thai Royal Forestry Department has cooperated with NGOs providing development assistance to rural people living in buffer zones outside of some PAs. I argue that this approach has met limited success because the main source of conflict is not poverty but claims on resources inside PAs.The second argument is that the Forestry Department has resisted changes to laws making local use inside PAs illegal because these laws are important for consolidating the Department's control over territory and in justifying increasing budgetary allocations. In addition, by redefining itself as an organization devoted to strict defence of forests, the Department has obtained the support of many urban environmentalists. The third argument is that the community forest approach taken by a recent draft Community Forest Bill is an important first step in that it implicitly recognizes community property. At the same time, this approach will also fail to address key problems because it is based on a notion of the traditional village, and does not allow for the commercial nature of rural forest use or the household-based nature of forest tenure.I suggest that the new expansion of PAs be halted, that land claimed by rural households be taken out of PAs, and that the government recognize community management rights in areas that remain classified as protected. More generally, the goals of conservation would be better achieved by replacing an approach based on the rapid expansion of PAs with one promoting conservation outside PAs.
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Sampantamit, Tiptiwa, Long Ho, Wout Van Echelpoel, Carl Lachat, and Peter Goethals. "Links and Trade-Offs between Fisheries and Environmental Protection in Relation to the Sustainable Development Goals in Thailand." Water 12, no. 2 (February 2, 2020): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020399.
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The fisheries sector significantly contributes to global food security, nutrition, and livelihood of people. Its importance for economic benefits, healthy diets, and nutrition, and achieving sustainable food systems is highlighted by several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), i.e., SDG 1 (No Poverty), SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), and SDG 14 (Life Below Water). However, due to unprecedented population levels, the contribution of the fisheries sector to fulfills these roles is challenging, particularly given additional concerns regarding environmental well-being and sustainability. From this perspective, this study aims to identify the links and trade-offs between the development of this sector and the environmental sustainability in Thailand via a critical analysis of their trends, current ecological impacts, and more importantly, their contributions to several individual SDGs. A time-series of Thailand’s fisheries production from 1995 to 2015 indicates a recent reduction from around 3.0 million tons in 1995 to 1.5 million tons in 2015 of wild fish and shellfish from marine and freshwater habitats. The maximum sustainable yield of these species has been exceeded. Conversely, Thailand’s aquaculture production has continued to grow over the last decade, resulting in a reduction of mangrove forest area, wild fish stocks, and water quality. While capture fisheries and aquaculture production significantly contribute to several SDG targets, there are potential trade-offs between their development and the achievement of SDGs within the planet dimension, i.e., SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), SDG 13 (Climate Action), SDG 14, and SDG 15 (Life on Land). On the one hand, the mitigation of overfishing will be beneficial for the targets of SDG 14, leading to more sustainable resource management. On the other hand, it might cause a decrease in the volume of marine catches and economic and social profits. We conclude that the SDGs can serve as a framework for both policymakers and industrial workers to monitor and compromise on regulations that will optimize productivity in the context of sustainable development.
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Li, Renzhi, Heqing Huang, Guoan Yu, Hong Yu, Arika Bridhikitti, and Teng Su. "Trends of Runoff Variation and Effects of Main Causal Factors in Mun River, Thailand During 1980–2018." Water 12, no. 3 (March 15, 2020): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12030831.
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Mun River is the largest tributary of the Mekong River in Thailand and provides abundant water resources not only for an important agricultural area in Thailand but also for the lower Mekong River. To understand how the runoff of Mun River responds to climate change and human activities in recent decades, this study performed a detailed examination of the characteristics of runoff variation based on measurements at two hydrological gauging stations on the main stem of Mun River during 1980–2018. Using the Mann-Kendall test, Morlet wavelet transform and Double Cumulative Curve methods, this study identifies that the variation of annual runoff of Mun River encountered an abruption in 1999/2000, with an increased trend taking place since then. Furthermore, a detailed assessment of the effects of the variations in rainfall, temperature, evaporation, and land use types extracted from remote sensing images at the basin scale reveals that a significant reduction in forest area and slight reductions in evaporation and farmland area taking place since 1999 can lead to an increase in the runoff of Mun River, while the dramatic increase in garden area since 1999 tends to make the runoff decrease.
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Kiwfo, Kanokwan, Chonnipa Yeerum, Piyanat Issarangkura Na Ayutthaya, Kullapon Kesonkan, Siripat Suteerapataranon, Piyatida Panitsupakamol, Dujrudee Chinwong, et al. "Sustainable Education with Local-Wisdom Based Natural Reagent for Green Chemical Analysis with a Smart Device: Experiences in Thailand." Sustainability 13, no. 20 (October 9, 2021): 11147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132011147.
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To minimize chemical waste and protect the environment, our team has used green analysis with natural reagents. In this work, we designed a natural-reagent assay kit for iron determination and implemented it in chemistry education in Thailand. The iron assay method was adapted from Thai local wisdom of testing water quality using guava leaves. The guava leaf powder served as a natural reagent in the assay. The kit included equipment, standard and buffer solutions and a manual. A smart device with a built-in camera was used as a detector. Educators in six universities in Thailand implemented the kit in laboratories with modifications depending on their learning outcomes. The kit implementation was evaluated using a survey with questions in four aspects: usability, learning achievement, green chemistry and portability. The high average scores for all questions (> 4.00 of 5.00 points), with the average overall score of 4.53 ± 0.60, indicated satisfaction regarding in all aspects. Using a locally available bio-resource as a natural reagent for green analysis in chemistry education supported sustainable education in Thailand, in terms of quality education (SDG 4) and reduced inequalities (SDG 10) and environmental sustainability (SDG 6—Clean water and sanitation, 12—Responsible consumption and production and 14—Life be-low water).
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Jensen, J. G. "Managing fish, flood plains and food security in the Lower Mekong Basin." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 9 (May 1, 2001): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0529.
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The “Lower Mekong Basin” in this paper refers to the part of the Mekong River Basin which is shared by Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Viet Nam, all members of the Mekong River Commission, consisting of approx. 2,400 km of mainstream river, numerous tributaries and huge flood plains. Few river basins produce as much fish as the Mekong River Basin, and the fishery in the Lower Mekong Basin is among the biggest and most productive inland fisheries in the world. The flood plains of the Lower Mekong produce some four times as much fish per square kilometre as the North Sea, which is among the most productive marine areas in the world. It is quite clear that the fisheries in the Mekong Basin are very important for the population in respect to their food security and income. Its importance in nutrition is highest in the rural areas, where there are few other low cost sources of protein, and even in highland areas fish is of crucial importance in the diet. Most fish species in the Mekong Basin are migratory, and the economically most important ones are certainly so. However, with economic development gaining speed, the impact on migratory patterns and the competition for the water resources are becoming stronger. The water resources offer a large number of opportunities, and a lot of economic activities need access to the water resources for their development. However, what is seen in one sector as an opportunity may be considered as a threat in another, and a careful balance is necessary in order not to lose opportunities in important sectors. The fate of a large number of river basins in the world is frightening. Most have been left biologically near dead, with some of the big rivers reduced for a time, or forever, to be used as waste water canals for the new industries, and others almost dried out from excessive water extraction before they reach the sea.
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Pholkern, Kewaree, Phayom Saraphirom, Vincent Cloutier, and Kriengsak Srisuk. "Use of Alternative Hydrogeological Conceptual Models to Assess the Potential Impact of Climate Change on Groundwater Sustainable Yield in Central Huai Luang Basin, Northeast Thailand." Water 11, no. 2 (January 31, 2019): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11020241.
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Sustainable management of groundwater resources is essential for sound groundwater development, especially in sensitive salt-affected areas. In Northeast Thailand, the Central Huai Luang Basin, underlain by rock salt, is the source of groundwater and soil salinity. The future sustainable groundwater development yield was assessed under the plausible uncertainty of hydrogeological and projected climate scenarios that could impact the groundwater system. The SEAWAT and HELP3 models were used to simulate groundwater system. The four alternative scenarios of hydrogeological conceptual models were formulated to determine the impact on groundwater system and sustainable groundwater yield. In addition, impacts of projected climate conditions on each alternative model were explored. The results indicate that variable depths and thicknesses of rock salt layers have a higher impact on groundwater salinity distribution and sustainable yield estimations than model boundary conditions. Groundwater salinity, shallow water table areas, and sustainable yield projections vary substantially depending on the possible conceptual model scenarios. It is clear that the variable hydrogeological models affect groundwater sustainable yields.
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Piman, T., M. S. Babel, A. D. Gupta, and S. Weesakul. "Development of a window correlation matching method for improved radar rainfall estimation." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 4, no. 2 (March 1, 2007): 523–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-4-523-2007.
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Abstract. The present study develops a method called window correlation matching method (WCMM) to reduce collocation and timing errors in matching pairs of radar measured reflectivity, Ze, and gauge measured rainfall intensity, R, for improving the accuracy of the estimation of Ze−R relationships. This method is compared with the traditional matching method (TMM) and the probability matching method (PMM). The relationship Ze=18.05 R1.45 obtained from 7×7 km of space window and both present and 5 min previous time of radar observation for time window (S77T5) produces the best results for radar rainfall estimates for orographic rain over the Mae Chaem Watershed in north of Thailand. The comparison shows that the Ze−R relationships obtained from WCMM provide more accuracy in radar rainfall estimates as compared with the other two methods. The Ze−R relationships estimated using TMM and PMM show large overestimation and underestimation, respectively, of mean areal rainfall. Based on the overall results, it can be concluded that WCMM can reduce collocation and timing errors in Ze−R pairs matching and improve the estimation of Ze−R relationships for radar rainfall. WCMM is therefore a promising method for improved radar-measured rainfall, which is an important input for hydrological and environmental modeling and water resources management.
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Singchai, Anurak. "The Knowledge Management of Organic Agriculture Groups in Phetchaburi Province Thailand." Journal of Asian Research 6, no. 2 (July 5, 2022): p31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jar.v6n2p31.
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This article aims to study knowledge management of organic farming groups in Phetchaburi Province, and guidelines for supporting knowledge management of organic farming groups in Phetchaburi Province Thailand. The Qualitative research methodology, case study, data collection by in-depth interview were used. Participant and non-participant observations. The results of the study revealed that the knowledge management of organic farming groups in Phetchaburi Province consisted of grouping in large-scale farming groups. Establishment of a community rice center Resource utilization is planned. Water management with government agencies Management of kinship relationships and through the tradition of Mae Phosop The confidence of the group members led to knowledge management of Ban Rai Tamarind organic rice production. The Guidelines for supporting knowledge management of organic farming groups in Phetchaburi Province include: there should be a development of an organic farming database system. production support market support Information system support and support the development of product and product quality.
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Ditthakit, Pakorn, Sirimon Pinthong, Nureehan Salaeh, Fadilah Binnui, Laksanara Khwanchum, Alban Kuriqi, Khaled Mohamed Khedher, and Quoc Bao Pham. "Performance Evaluation of a Two-Parameters Monthly Rainfall-Runoff Model in the Southern Basin of Thailand." Water 13, no. 9 (April 28, 2021): 1226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13091226.
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Accurate monthly runoff estimation is crucial in water resources management, planning, and development, preventing and reducing water-related problems, such as flooding and droughts. This article evaluates the monthly hydrological rainfall-runoff model’s performance, the GR2M model, in Thailand’s southern basins. The GR2M model requires only two parameters: production store (X1) and groundwater exchange rate (X2). Moreover, no prior research has been reported on its application in this region. The 37 runoff stations, which are located in three sub-watersheds of Thailand’s southern region, namely; Thale Sap Songkhla, Peninsular-East Coast, and Peninsular-West Coast, were selected as study cases. The available monthly hydrological data of runoff, rainfall, air temperature from the Royal Irrigation Department (RID) and the Thai Meteorological Department (TMD) were collected and analyzed. The Thornthwaite method was utilized for the determination of evapotranspiration. The model’s performance was conducted using three statistical indices: Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), Correlation Coefficient (r), and Overall Index (OI). The model’s calibration results for 37 runoff stations gave the average NSE, r, and OI of 0.657, 0.825, and 0.757, respectively. Moreover, the NSE, r, and OI values for the model’s verification were 0.472, 0.750, and 0.639, respectively. Hence, the GR2M model was qualified and reliable to apply for determining monthly runoff variation in this region. The spatial distribution of production store (X1) and groundwater exchange rate (X2) values was conducted using the IDW method. It was susceptible to the X1, and X2 values of approximately more than 0.90, gave the higher model’s performance.
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Kaminer, Matan. "The Agricultural Settlement of the Arabah and the Political Ecology of Zionism." International Journal of Middle East Studies 54, no. 1 (December 21, 2021): 40–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743821001021.
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AbstractAgricultural settlement geared to capitalist commodity production and accompanied by massive ecological interventions has historically been central to the Zionist colonial project of creating a permanent Jewish presence in the “Land of Israel.” The hyperarid southern region known as the Central Arabah is an instructive edge-case: in the 1960s, after the expulsion of the bedouin population, cooperative settlements were established here and vegetables produced through “Hebrew self-labor,” with generous assistance from the state. In the 1990s the region was again transformed as the importation of migrant workers from Thailand enabled farmers to expand cultivation of bell peppers for global markets. But today ecological destruction, depletion of water resources, and global warming cast doubt over the viability of settlement in this climatically extreme region. I locate the settlements of the Arabah within the historical political ecology of the Zionist movement, arguing that their current fragility exposes the essential precarity of capitalist colonization.
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Chitwatkulsiri, Detchphol, Hitoshi Miyamoto, and Sutat Weesakul. "Development of a Simulation Model for Real-Time Urban Floods Warning: A Case Study at Sukhumvit Area, Bangkok, Thailand." Water 13, no. 11 (May 22, 2021): 1458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13111458.
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Increasingly frequent, high-intensity rain events associated with climatic change are driving urban drainage systems to function beyond their design discharge capacity. It has become an urgent issue to mitigate the water resource management challenge. To address this problem, a real-time procedure for predicting the inundation risk in an urban drainage system was developed. The real-time procedure consists of three components: (i) the acquisition and forecast of rainfall data; (ii) rainfall-runoff modeling; and (iii) flood inundation mapping. This real-time procedure was applied to a drainage system in the Sukhumvit area of Bangkok, Thailand, to evaluate its prediction efficacy. The results showed precisely that the present real-time procedure had high predictability in terms of both the water level and flood inundation area mapping. It could also determine hazardous areas with a certain amount of lead time in the drainage system of the Sukhumvit area within an hour of rainfall data. These results show the real-time procedure could provide accurate flood risk warning, resulting in more time to implement flood management measures such as pumping and water gate operations, or evacuation.
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Meksumpun, Charumas, and Shettapong Meksumpun. "Integration of aquatic ecology and biological oceanographic knowledge for development of area-based eutrophication assessment criteria leading to water resource remediation and utilization management: a case study in Tha Chin, the most eutrophic river of Thailand." Water Science and Technology 58, no. 12 (December 1, 2008): 2303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.929.
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This research was carried out in Tha Chin Watershed in the central part of Thailand with attempts to apply multidisciplinary knowledge for understanding ecosystem structure and response to anthropogenic pollution and natural impacts leading to a proposal for an appropriate zonation management approach for sustainable utilization of the area. Water quality status of the Tha Chin River and Estuary had been determined by analyzing ecological, hydrological, and coastal oceanographic information from recent field surveys (during March 2006 to November 2007) together with secondary data on irrigation, land utilization, and socio-economic status.Results indicated that the Tha Chin River and Estuary was eutrophic all year round. Almost 100% of the brackish to marine areas reflected strongly hypertrophic water condition during both dry and high-loading periods. High NH4+ and PO43− loads from surrounding agricultural land use, agro-industry, and community continuously flew into the aquatic environment. Deteriorated ecosystem was clearly observed by dramatically low DO levels (ca 1 mg/l) in riverine to coastal areas and Noctiluca and Ceratium red tide outbreaks occurred around tidal front closed to the estuary. Accordingly, fishery resources were significantly decreased. Some riverine benthic habitats became dominated by deposit-feeding worms e.g. Lumbriculus, Branchiura, and Tubifex, while estuarine benthic habitats reflected succession of polychaetes and small bivalves. Results on analysis on integrated ecosystem responses indicated that changing functions were significantly influenced by particulates and nutrients dynamics in the system.Based on the overall results, the Tha Chin River and Estuary should be divided into 4 zones (I: Upper freshwater zone; II: Middle freshwater zone; III Lower freshwater zone; and IV: Lowest brackish to marine zone) for further management schemes on water remediation. In this study, the importance of habitat morphology and water flow regimes was recognized. Moreover, nearshore extensive shrimp culture ponds, irrigation canals, and surrounding mangrove habitats belonging to local households seemed to act as effective natural water treatment system that can yet provide food resources in turns. These remediation-production integrated functions should be deserved depth considerations for water quality development of the Tha Chin areas.
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Piman, T., M. S. Babel, A. Das Gupta, and S. Weesakul. "Development of a window correlation matching method for improved radar rainfall estimation." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 11, no. 4 (June 7, 2007): 1361–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-11-1361-2007.
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Abstract. The present study develops a method called window correlation matching method (WCMM) to reduce collocation and timing errors in matching pairs of radar measured reflectivity, Ze, and gauge measured rainfall intensity, R, for improving the accuracy of the estimation of Ze−R relationships. This method was compared with the traditional matching method (TMM), the probability matching method (PMM) and the window probability matching method (WPMM). The calibrated relationship Ze=18.05 R1.45 obtained from 7×7 km of space window and both present and 5 min previous time of radar observation for time window (S77T5) produces the best results for radar rainfall estimates for orographic rain over the Mae Chaem Watershed in the north of Thailand. The comparison shows that the Ze−R relationship obtained from WCMM provide more accuracy in radar rainfall estimates as compared with the other three methods. The Ze−R relationships estimated using TMM and PMM provide large overestimation and underestimation, respectively, of mean areal rainfall whereas WPMM slightly underestimated the mean areal rainfall. Based on the overall results, it can be concluded that WCMM can reduce collocation and timing errors in Ze−R pairs matching and improve the estimation of Ze−R relationships for radar rainfall. WCMM is therefore a promising method for improved radar-measured rainfall, which is an important input for hydrological and environmental modeling and water resources management.
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Feldens, Peter, Klaus Schwarzer, Daroonwan Sakuna-Schwartz, and Somkiat Khokiattiwong. "Geomorphological Evolution of the Andaman Sea Offshore Phang Nga Province (Thailand) during the Holocene: An Example for a Sediment Starving Shelf." Coasts 2, no. 1 (January 26, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coasts2010001.
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Understanding the development of shallow seas is essential, as they provide a major environmental and economic resource. An investigation of the Holocene development and the present conditions of the Andaman Sea shelf was carried out based on hydroacoustic surveys and sedimentological sampling. The results show that the relative sea level in the offshore Phang Nga province (Thailand) was at a present-day water depth of approximately 63 m at 13 cal ka BP. This agrees with the sea level development of the Sunda Shelf. Since that time, the Andaman Sea continental shelf developed as a sediment-starved environment, with less than 2 m thickness of sediment deposited during the Holocene on the crystalline basement over large areas between 60 m and 20 m water depth. Between 28 and 17 m water depth, a series of moribund asymmetrical sand ridges exist. These ridges were formed around 9.0 ka cal BP. They strike oblique to the coastline. On the seaward side of the sand ridges, small NW-SE directed submarine dunefields developed, shaped by monsoon-induced currents.
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Muenratch, Preeyaporn, and Thi Phuoc Lai Nguyen. "Local Governance of Groundwater Resources through the Lens of Stakeholders in the Context of State-Led Management in the Lower Mekong Region." Water 14, no. 19 (September 27, 2022): 3043. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14193043.
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Local groundwater governance in the Lower Mekong Region (LMR) is often inadequate and ineffective because of policy incoherence and lack of public participation; thus, groundwater exploitation and pollution have been accelerated in many LMR countries. Through a case study in Khon Kaen, Thailand, this study aims to assess the state of local groundwater governance (GWG) through the stakeholders’ perception by using Water Governance Framework developed by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Although it is useful for the assessment at the national scale, it is still inadequate and has some limitations on the local scale. Hence, the principles were reconsidered and translated to fit the local context. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to explain the state of GWG, while confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine the relations between GWG indicators and GWG dimensions. The findings show that clear roles and responsibilities are have the highest performance. However, integrity and transparency are the challenges of GWG. We found that the indicators explained the effectiveness, efficiency, and trust and engagement in the GWG model. Consequently, this study contributes stakeholder involvement in GWG assessment. The findings show to policymakers and policy practitioners the current state of GWG and propose key indicators in groundwater governance assessment at the local context.
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Lapcharoensuk, Ravipat, Jirawat Phuphanutada, and Patthranit Wongpromrat. "Classification of saline water for irrigated agriculture using near infrared spectroscopy coupled with pattern recognition techniques." E3S Web of Conferences 116 (2019): 00043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911600043.
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This research aimed to create near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy models for the classification of saline water with a pattern recognition technique. A total of 112 water samples were collected from the Tha Chin river basin in Thailand. Water samples with salinity less than 0.2 g/l were identified as suitable for agriculture, while water samples with salinity higher than 0.2 g/l were found to be unsuitable. The NIR spectra of water samples were recorded using a Fourier transform (FT) NIR spectrometer in the wavenumber of 12,500–4,000 cm-1. The salinity of each water sample was analysed by electrical conductivity meter. Identification models were established with 5 supervised pattern recognition techniques including k-nearest neighbour (k-NN), support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural network (ANN), soft independent modelling of class analogies (SIMCA), and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The performance of the NIR model was carried out with a split-test method. About 80% of spectra (90 spectra) were randomly selected to develop the classification models. After model development, the NIR spectroscopy models were used to classify the categories of the remaining samples (22 samples). The ANN model showed the highest performance for classifying saline water with precision, recall, F-measure and accuracy of 84.6%, 100.0%, 91.7% and 90.9%, respectively. Other techniques presented satisfactory classification results with accuracy greater than 68.2%. This point indicated that NIR spectroscopy coupled with the pattern recognition technique could be applied to classify saline water for agricultural use according to salinity level in natural resources.
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Kolasartsanee, Intanon. "Diversity and Habitat Use of Terrestrial Mammals in the Area Proposed for Water Resource Development in Khao Soi Dao Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand." Environment and Natural Resources Journal 19, no. 3 (February 22, 2021): 186–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.32526/ennrj/19/2020222.
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The Khlong Ta Liu dam construction plan was re-proposed to be constructed in the forest area of Khao Soi Dao Wildlife Sanctuary in the Ta-riu tributary without a biodiversity impact assessment. Five camera traps were mounted at the hotspot points for terrestrial mammals next to the main trail for 376 trap nights from the forest edge to the forest interior. Fifteen species of terrestrial mammals were found. Two species found were categorized as having endangered status, while seven have vulnerable status. Grazers and browsers, i.e., Sambar, Gaur, Northern Red Muntjac, and Asian Elephant were mostlydetected at the forest edge, while omnivores and frugivores, i.e., Wild Boar,Greater Hog Badger, and Northern Pig-tailed Macaque were largely detected inthe forest interior. Dhole should be a carnivore species specific to the forestedge while Clouded Leopard should be in the forest interior. The NormalizedDifference Vegetation Index (NDVI) may relate to species of terrestrialmammals detected at each habitat. Among the five habitats, three would bedestroyed upon construction of the dam, including the habitat with the highestdiversity of terrestrial mammals. The habitat that would likely be least impactedhad the lowest species richness of terrestrial mammals.
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Hussain, Nurda, Mukhtar Ahmed, Saowapa Duangpan, Tajamul Hussain, and Juntakan Taweekun. "Potential Impacts of Water Stress on Rice Biomass Composition and Feedstock Availability for Bioenergy Production." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 19, 2021): 10449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810449.
Full textAbstract:
Bioenergy from rice biomass feedstock is considered one of the potential clean energy resources and several small biomass-based powerplants have been established in rice–growing areas of Thailand. Rice production is significantly affected by drought occurrence which results in declined biomass production and quality. The impact of water stress (WS) was evaluated on six rice cultivars for biomass quality, production and bioenergy potential. Rice cultivars were experimented on in the field under well–watered (WW) and WS conditions. Data for biomass contributing parameters were collected at harvest whereas rice biomass samples were analyzed for proximate and lignocellulosic contents. Results indicated that WS negatively influenced crop performance resulting in 11–41% declined biomass yield (BY). Stability assessment indicated that cultivars Hom Pathum and Dum Ja were stress–tolerant as they exhibited smaller reductions by 11% in their BY under WS. Statistics for proximate components indicated a significant negative impact influencing biomass quality as ash contents of Hom Chan, Dum Ja and RD-15 were increased by 4–29%. Lignocellulosic analysis indicated, an increase in lignin contents of Hom Nang Kaew, Hom Pathum, Dum Ja and RD–15 ranging 7–39%. Reduced biomass production resulted in a 10–42% reduction in bioenergy potential (E). Results proved that cultivation of stress-susceptible cultivars or farmer’s choice and occurrence of WS during crop growth will reduce biomass production, biomass feedstock availability to biomass-based powerplants and affect powerplant’s conversion efficiency resulting in declined bioenergy production.
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Intui, Sutasinee, Shinya Inazumi, and Suttisak Soralump. "Sustainability of Soil/Ground Environment under Changes in Groundwater Level in Bangkok Plain, Thailand." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (August 31, 2022): 10908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710908.
Full textAbstract:
The groundwater level is a significant factor when assessing the sustainability of soil/ground environmental factors, such as bearing capacity behavior and soil surface displacement. Normally, groundwater level changes depend on deep-well pumping in industrial and economic development areas in many countries, especially Bangkok, Thailand. Groundwater level changes are related to pore water pressure changes and soil surface displacement, called land subsidence or rebound displacement. Changing soil strength and soil surface displacement during groundwater level changes depend on many factors. This study analyzes the behavior of soil around a single pile when the groundwater level changes and assesses the behavior of soil displacement when the groundwater level rises to the ground surface after prohibiting groundwater pumping. This research evaluates the behavior of soil by using a centrifuge machine and theoretical calculations (soil displacement analysis only). The results of both the centrifuge test and theoretical calculations were compared with the results from the Department of Groundwater Resources (DGR) and previous research conducted by other researchers. The soil surface displacement behavior in the centrifuge test showed a similar trend compared with the field measurement results of DGR. Meanwhile, the results of the theoretical calculations and the results of previous researchers showed a similar trend regarding the rebound in soil surface displacement. Furthermore, the bearing capacity of a single pile in stiff clay increased when the groundwater level decreased, and the bearing capacity in stiff clay increased further upon groundwater recovery or the rise to the ground surface. In medium-density sand, the bearing capacity increased when the groundwater level decreased and decreased when the groundwater level recovered to the ground surface.
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Suwanlertcharoen, Teerawat, Thodsapol Chaturabul, Thanaporn Supriyasilp, and Kobkiat Pongput. "Estimation of Actual Evapotranspiration Using Satellite-Based Surface Energy Balance Derived from Landsat Imagery in Northern Thailand." Water 15, no. 3 (January 22, 2023): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15030450.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, satellite-based measures of surface energy balance and the mapping evapotranspiration at high resolution with internalized calibration (METRIC) from Landsat imagery were used to estimate the spatiotemporal distribution of actual evapotranspiration (ETa) in northern Thailand, constituting a procedure that has rarely been performed in southeast Asia. Subsequently, we compared the ETa obtained from METRIC with that calculated using the FAO-56 dual-crop coefficient method via the SIMDualKc software and found a strong correlation. An assessment of the accuracy of all the sample plots revealed the R2, Root-Mean-Square Error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE) values to be 0.830, 0.730, and 0.575 mm d−1, respectively. Differences in the cumulative ETa values derived from SIMDualKc and METRIC ranged in magnitude from 0.93–3.57% for rice and 3.08–7.99% for longan. The ETa values for forestland and waterbodies were higher than those for agricultural areas and areas with other forms of land use. The spatiotemporal distribution of the seasonal ETa during the dry season was consistent with the climate, vegetation, and anthropogenic activity. Thus, our results indicate that METRIC is a reliable tool for estimating ETa for water resource management under different environmental conditions and improving water use efficiency over large areas.
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Ingallinella, A. M., G. Sanguinetti, T. Koottatep, A. Montangero, and M. Strauss. "The challenge of faecal sludge management in urban areas - strategies, regulations and treatment options." Water Science and Technology 46, no. 10 (November 1, 2002): 285–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0355.
Full textAbstract:
In urban centres of industrialising countries, the majority of houses are served by on-site sanitation systems such as septic tanks and unsewered toilets. The faecal sludges (FS) collected from these systems are usually discharged untreated into the urban and peri-urban environment, posing great risks to water resources and to public health. Contrary to wastewater management, the development of strategies to cope with faecal sludges, adapted to the conditions prevailing in developing countries, have long been neglected. The authors describe the current situation and discuss selected issues of FS management. A proposal is made for a rational setting of sludge quality or treatment standards in economically emerging countries. The authors stipulate that regulatory setting should take into account local economic, institutional and technical conditions. Defining suitable treatment options as critical control points in securing adequate sludge quality is better than setting and relying on numerical sludge quality standards. A separate section is devoted to the practice and to regulatory aspects of (faecal) sludge use in Argentina. An overview of treatment options, which may prove sustainable in less industrialized countries is provided. Planted sludge drying beds are one of these options. It has been piloted in Thailand for four years and details on its performance and operation are presented along with data on the hygienic quality of treated biosolids.