Relevant bibliographies by topics / Water Relations

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Water Relations'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Water Relations"

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White, R. H., M. C. Engelke, S. J. Anderson, B. A. Ruemmele, K. B. Marcum, and G. R. Taylor. "Zoysiagrass Water Relations." Crop Science 41, no. 1 (January 2001): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2001.411133x.

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Kriedemann, P. E. "TREE WATER RELATIONS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 175 (March 1986): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1986.175.51.

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Chafe, S. C. "Wood-water relations." Forest Ecology and Management 31, no. 1-2 (February 1990): 121–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(90)90117-t.

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Quarrels, Jesse R., and Paul G. Thompson. "WATER RELATIONS IN SWEETPOTATO." HortScience 26, no. 5 (May 1991): 489g—489. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.5.489g.

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An experiment was conducted to determine the rate and frequency of irrigation needed for optimum yield in sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.)Lam). A line source irrigation system was used to provide continuously increasing amounts of water at each irrigation. The physiological responses of sweetpotato to water application were measured. There was an increase in leaf water potential with increasing rates of irrigation. Leaf diffusive resistance decreased as total water rate increased to 76% of pan evaporation (Epan) and then increased with higher rates of irrigation. Marketable yields increased as total water rate increased to 76% of Epan and then decreased rapidly with higher irrigation rates. Water relations measurements indicated that reduction in yield with higher amounts of water application was due to low soil oxygen content.
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BERKOWITZ, GERALD A. "Water Relations of Plants." Soil Science 140, no. 4 (October 1985): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-198510000-00013.

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Kramer, Paul J. "Water Relations of Plants." Journal of Range Management 38, no. 5 (September 1985): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3899732.

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Linnenbrink, Martina, Rainer Lösch, and Ludger Kappen. "Water Relations of Hedgerow Shrubs in Northern Central EuropeI. Bulk Water Relations." Flora 187 (1992): 121–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0367-2530(17)32211-9.

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Petrie, CL, and AE Hall. "Water Relations in Cowpea and Pearl Millet Under Soil Water Deficits. I. Contrasting Leaf Water Relations." Functional Plant Biology 19, no. 6 (1992): 577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9920577.

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Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] can survive soil water deficits more effectively than pearl millet [Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke]. Cowpea and millet were grown in a glasshouse in different rooting media and different sizes of container, under wet and dry treatments, and as sole crops and intercrops to evaluate any differences in leaf water potential. Millet developed significantly lower predawn leaf water potentials (ΨL) than cowpea under the dry treatment of all of the rooting media and container sizes used, but both millet and cowpea maintained high predawn ΨL in the well-watered treatment. With the dry treatment, the same difference in predawn ΨL between cowpea and millet developed in plants grown either as sole crops or as intercrops in the same pot. These results suggest that plants grown as intercrops were somehow isolated from each other, even though their root systems may have overlapped, and that competition for water was probably not occurring. Differences in predawn ΨL between cowpea and millet were detected with either a pressure chamber or psychrometers, but values of ΨL varied with measurement method. Compared with psychrometer values, pressure chamber values became significantly lower in millet late in the dry treatment but were higher in cowpea. Agreement between the methods for measuring ΨL improved in cowpea when predawn xylem osmotic potential was added to the pressure chamber value. At the end of the experiments, leaf surface conductance to water vapour and leaf area were lower in millet than cowpea. Consequently, it is possible that the significantly lower predawn ΨL in millet was not due to greater water use by millet compared with cowpea.
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Lobato, A. K. S., R. C. L. Costa, C. F. Oliveira Neto, B. G. Santos Filho, M. C. Gonçalves-Vidigal, P. S. Vidigal Filho, C. R. Silva, et al. "Consequences of the water deficit on water relations and symbiosis in Vigna unguiculata cultivars." Plant, Soil and Environment 55, No. 4 (May 5, 2009): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1615-pse.

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The study aimed at evaluating and comparing changes provoked by the water deficit on water relations and nitrogen fixation in two <I>Vigna unguiculata</I> cultivars, as well as at indicating which cultivar is more tolerant under water deficiency. The experimental design used was entirely randomized in factorial scheme, with 2 cultivars (Pitiuba and Pérola) and 2 water regimes (control and stress). The parameters evaluated were the leaf relative water content, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, nodule number, nodule dry matter, nitrate reductase enzyme activity, ureide concentration and leghemoglobin in nodule. The stomatal conductance of the Pitiuba and Pérola cultivars under water deficit were 0.20 and 0.01 mmol H<sub>2</sub>O/m<sup>2</sup>/s, respectively. The nitrate reductase activity of the plants under stress was significantly reduced in both cultivars. The leghemoglobin in the Pitiuba and Pérola cultivars under water stress had the concentrations of 58 and 41 g/kg dry matter, respectively. The parameters investigated in this study suggest that the Pitiuba cultivar under water deficit suffers from smaller changes, when compared with Pérola cultivar.
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Ismail, M. R., and W. J. Davies. "Water relations of Capsicum genotypes under water stress." Biologia plantarum 39, no. 2 (September 1, 1997): 293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1000684016914.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Water Relations"

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Khalil, Ayoub Adam Mohammed. "Water relations of young trees." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10982.

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The morphological and physiological responses of tree seedlings to water stress and the significance of the non-hydraulic influence of root on shoot behaviour of the effects of soil drying were investigated. The experiments were conducted in a glasshouse and growth chamber, using sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) seedlings rooted in a soil mixture with high water holding capacity. The prime objective of the project was to evaluate the morphological and physiological components of drought tolerance that could be useful for isolation of plants with seedling characteristics acceptable for afforestation in drought-prone environments. Effects of drought on water relations and root growth were studied using long soil columns. Drought resulted in active osmotic adjustment in leaves, with decreases in osmotic potential at full and zero turgor, and it increased bulk elastic modulus and leaf dry weight to turgid weight ratio. Stomatal conductance declined well before any observable change in bulk leaf water potential and was correlated with soil water status. Drought caused changes in the root distribution profile and it increased the root weight. The increase in root weight was mainly due to a substantial shift in assimilates allocated in favour of roots with total biomass being unaffected. Cyclic water stress treatment, induced major changes in sycamore seedlings, including osmotic adjustment, acclimation of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance to water stress, increased water use efficiency, and a substantial shift in biomass allocation pattern in favour of roots, with a consequent increase in root/shoot ratio. The acclimation of photosynthetic machinery was the major factor contributing to the acclimation of photosynthesis to water stress. These modifications were concluded to be important for improvement of seedling drought tolerance. Seedlings grown in soil columns and subjected to drought exhibited substantial reduction in stomatal conductance and a limitation in leaf expansion well in advance of any detectable change in shoot water relations. Root abscisic acid (ABA) concentration increased deeper in the soil profile in concert with the progressive soil drying, and it appeared to be a sensitive indicator of the soil water status around the roots.
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Arif, Hamayun. "Water relations of salt stressed wheat." Thesis, Bangor University, 1990. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/water-relations-of-salt-stressed-wheat(b523794e-42f4-4165-bb35-11f07b7bbf28).html.

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The present study was conducted to investigate the water relations of individual plant cells and the biophysical parameters controlling plant growth in the context of salt stress. Growth and water relations were studied in growing as well as in mature zones of the first emerged leaf of wheat seedlings (cv. Flanders, a British variety) in the context of NaCl stress. Various levels of NaCl (0,25,50,75,100,125 and 150 mol m) -3 were used to salinize the media. I In the case of leaf elongation rate a two phase response was found i. e. an immediate decrease and then, a recovery in the elongation rate. Leaf elongation rate decreased within 1-2 minutes of the onset of stress and, later, a recovery started 1-2 h after the salt addition. The time taken for the recovery was proportional to the levels of external salinity. After 24 h the elongation rate was almost fully recovered for all the NaCl concentrations. A similar response was observed when equi-osmolar concentrations (with NaCl) of mannitol were added to the media. In control plants turgor pressure of the expanding cells was about 0.45 MPa while tissue osmotic pressure was equal to 1.1 MPa showing that the cell had a low water potential (-0.6 MPa). The transpiration tension was equivalent to 0.1 MPa. Turgor pressure in th e growing cells did not change after the salt addition (0- 150 mol m-3 NaCl), however, the tissue osmotic pressure continuously increased with time. Turgor pressure dropped when more -3 than 150 mol m NaCl were applied to the media i. e. 200 and 250 mol m. -3 This is presented as evidence that growing leaf cells - maintained their turgor pressure In response. to . the salt stress by taking up osmotically -active solutes present in the cell wall. The salt stress had not any effect on Instron tensiometric measurements of elastic and plastic extension of the cell wall. A different turgor pressure response was found in the mature cells. Turgor pressure was about 1.0 MPa, almost twice that in the growing cells, while tissue osmotic pressure was similar to that found in the growing cells i. e. 1.1 MPa. After the application of the stress the turgor pressure dropped within 15- 20 min of the application of all the concentrations of NaCl. The osmotic pressure of osmotically active solutes present in the cell wall, nwr was almost negligible i. e. 4 0.1 MPa, in mature cells and so could not contribute to turgor maiýtenance. The extent of decrease was proportional to the external stress of 25, 50 and 75 mol m-3 NaCl only. Turgor pressure recovery, due to osmotic adjustment, started after about 10-12 h of the stress initiation. Complete turgor recovery was achieved after 24-48 h of the onset of stress depending on the applied NaCl concentration. Tissue osmotic pressure increased continuously with time. An increase in the nw was inferred during the whole experimental period and after 6d of the stress application that appeared to correspond to the magnitude of external stress. The concentrations of major ions and sugars were determined to measure their contribution towards the osmotic adjustment. Under control conditions Na +, ci-, PO 4 3- ' so 4 2- , glucose, fructose and sucrose were present in small amounts, while, K+ and No 3- were the-major osmotica. Their concentrations were about 200. mol _m-3. After the stress a large increase in the concentrations of Na + and Cl was observed, the sucrose concentration increased to a small extent. However, other osmotica remained Uniform for whole of the experimental time. A small decrease was observed in k+ concentration in response to higher salt levels. volumetric elastic modulus, -c, of mature cells was remained unchanged by the salt stress. However, the apparent resistance of the root cortex to osmotically driven water flow increased with the increase in stress level. No conclusion could be drawn about the contribution of these parameters to the control of growth and to leaf water relations in the context of salt stress. The possible use of turgor pressure recovery in the mature cells was investigated for assessing the extent of salt tolerance of various Pakistani wheat varieties. These varieties were previously rated according to their performance in absolute grain yield in response to NaCl stress. No simple correlation was found.
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Hart, Miranda M. "Compensatory water relations in aspen following defoliation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ34374.pdf.

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Hukin, David James John. "Water relations and biophysics of plant cells." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398699.

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Trocsanyi, Zsuzsa. "Water relations and cutting management of switchgrass." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39760.

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Vieux, Micah Steven. "AN INTERNSHIP IN WATER UTILITY STAKEHOLDER RELATIONS." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1368017965.

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Hernandez-Leos, Bertha Alicia. "Water Uptake, Water Relations, Tree Growth, and Root Distribution under Herbaceous Competition." DigitalCommons@USU, 1998. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6573.

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There are numerous situations where trees are grown together with herbaceous plants. In these situations there will be some degree of competition between their root zones, depending on the water content of the soils and crop and tree root distribution . Two studies were conducted : the first with maple (Acer platanoides) grown in turf grass, and the second with willow (Salix matsudana) grown in more deeply rooted barley . The objectives of this study were to quantify the effect of herbaceous competition of potential tree water stress under irrigation and when the soil is allowed to dry-down . Soil water uptake was measured in both studies to 1.2 m depth and outwards to 1.2-2.10 m away from the tree . In the maple-turf grass study, water content was measured in a single line away from the tree , while four lines covering a quadrant of the surface area were measured in willow . Water relations stomatal conductance and water potential, and tree growth were also monitored in both studies. Water uptake in turf plots was statistically different from mulch plots by depth and distance during three seasons. Water uptake was greatest at 0-60 cm depth in the turf treatments compared with mulch treatments. Soil water in mulched plots decreased slowly during the growing season. There were no statistical differences between bare soil and barley competition water uptake after soil surface water was depleted. There were marked differences in tree root characteristics as a result of competition from turf or barley roots. The root systems of maples in the mulch and willow in bare soil extended laterally and fine roots were evident. Tree roots extended deeper and fine root were reduced under competition from turf and barley. Trees growing with turf and barley had fewer roots in the top 0.3 m soil surface while trees in mulch and bare soil had more and greater diameter roots at the same depth. Early in the season, when water content is high, root competition for water was not evident, and late in the season after turf roots and barley had depleted the soil water, trees exhibited more negative predawn leaf water potential and less stomatal conductance in response to water stress during a soil dry-down period. Tree growth was measured periodically during 1994, 1995, and 1996. Leaf area and stem growth comparisons showed a significant increase in size as a result of the absence of competition in both species, with mulch and bare soil treatments. Leaf area in mulched trees was twice that in turf treatments. In summary, we found that competition resulted in deeper tree root growth and less top growth in the presence of herbaceous competitors.
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Heinmiller, B. Timothy Sproule-Jones Mark. "Partners and competitors : intergovernmental relations and the governance of transboundary common pools /." *McMaster only, 2004.

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Molloy, Shannon. "Sugar transport and water relations of Agaricus bisporus." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/797.

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The A. bisporus fruit body can develop from a 0.5 cm primordium to a 7 cm fruit body within 6 days and it is this rapid growth and expansion which was investigated. The mycelium and fruit body extract water and solutes from the compost and casing soil. Water and solute translocation is thought to occur by osmotically derived pressure driven mass flow whereby the accumulation of the polyol mannitol in the fruit body lowers the water potential and allows for an influx of water which increases the turgor pressure and creates a turgor gradient thus driving water and solutes into the mycelium. This work investigated the mechanism of water and sugar translocation through the mycelium and into the developing sporophore and the factors which affect this translocation path. The effect of different water stresses (osmotic and matric) on mycelial growth, osmotic, turgor and water potential and the accumulation of endogenous sugars and polyols when grown on two different media: a defined malt extract and compost derived was investigated. The concentration of various sugars and polyols was measured in the following sporophore tissue: cap, gills, skin and upper and lower stipe. A sugar transporter gene SUT1 which had previously been identified in A. bisporus was fully characterised. The mycelium was most sensitive to changes in matric than osmotic potential on malt extract agar (MEA) medium and there was no mycelial growth below -0.98 MPa on matrically modified medium but the mycelium continued to grow at water stresses of -1.48 and -2.48 MPa on osmotically modified MEA medium. However on compost derived medium less difference was found between osmotic and matric stresses. The following sugars: glucose and trehalose and the polyols: mannitol, glycerol and erythritol were quantified in the mycelium and mannitol was found to be the dominant polyol which increased with increasing water stress in the mycelium. However in mycelium grown on matrically modified compost media at -0.48 and -0.98 MPa the mannitol levels didn’t increase with increasing water stress and this was reflected by the mycelium having a lower internal water potential than the external medium indicating that the mycelial tolerance to matric stresses is linked to the components of the compost as no such tolerance was found on MEA medium. Mannitol was the main polyol detected in all the sporophore tissues but there were no significant differences between the stages of sporophore development indicating that there was no change in the levels of mannitol. Previous reports by Hammond and Nichols (1976) and Wannet et al. (2000) have shown that the level of mannitol increased during sporophore development but the difference could be attributed to the casing soil which is now wetter and therefore the sporophore is not under increasing water stress and can extract water without having to constantly adjust its polyol concentration. The SUT1 protein had a predicted molecular weight of 61.2 kDa and according to topology predictions had 12 transmembrane domains and a number of highly conserved regions which place it in the sugar transporter family of the major facilitator superfamily. The level of SUT1 transcript increased during sporophore development and there were higher but equal levels of SUT1 transcript in the upper and lower stipe compared to the cap, gills and skin tissue (indicated by Northern analysis). However no SUT1 transcript could be detected in the mycelium supporting stage 2 and 4 sporophore development indicating that it is possibly involved in translocation in the fruit body but not in the mycelium. The detection of the SUT1 protein by Westerns was attempted using an antibody raised to the SUT1 C-terminal region. However the extraction and solubilisation of the membrane bound SUT1 protein proved very difficult and was not successfully detected by Westerns.
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Hadjiloucas, Sillas. "Optical sensors and techniques for plant-water relations." Thesis, University of Reading, 1996. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/18980/.

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Books on the topic "Water Relations"

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Skaar, Christen. Wood-Water Relations. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73683-4.

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Skaar, Christen. Wood-water relations. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1988.

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Skaar, Christen. Wood-Water Relations. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988.

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Skaar, Christen. Wood-water relations. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1988.

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LeMarquand, David G. Boundary water relations and Great Lakes issues. [Ottawa: Environment Canada], 1985.

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Water relations of terrestrial arthropods. San Diego: Academic Press, 1994.

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Long, Loren. Water, water everywhere. New York: Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers, 2009.

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Long, Loren. Water, water everywhere. New York: Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers, 2009.

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1937-, Boyer John S., ed. Water relations of plants and soils. San Diego: Academic Press, 1995.

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1959-, Thomas Caroline, and Howlett Darryl A. 1954-, eds. Resource politics: Freshwater and regional relations. Buckingham: Open University Press, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Water Relations"

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Beadle, C. L., M. M. Ludlow, and J. L. Honeysett. "Water relations." In Photosynthesis and Production in a Changing Environment, 113–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9626-3_8.

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Jones, M. B. "Water relations." In The Grass Crop, 205–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1187-1_6.

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Körner, Christian. "Water relations." In Alpine Plant Life, 121–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-98018-3_9.

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Larcher, Walter. "Water Relations." In Physiological Plant Ecology, 215–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-87851-0_4.

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Innes, P., and S. A. Quarrie. "Water relations." In Wheat Breeding, 313–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3131-2_11.

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Beadle, C. L., M. M. Ludlow, and J. L. Honeysett. "Water relations." In Photosynthesis and Production in a Changing Environment, 113–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1566-7_8.

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Rodríguez, Humberto Gonzaález, Ratikanta Maiti, and Ch Aruna Kumari. "Water Relations." In Experimental Ecophysiology and Biochemistry of Trees and Shrubs, 99–107. Includes bibliographical references and index.: Apple Academic Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429322266-16.

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Larcher, Walter. "Water Relations." In Physiological Plant Ecology, 231–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05214-3_4.

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Wilcke, W., S. Yasin, K. Fleischbein, R. Goller, J. Boy, J. Knuth, C. Valarezo, and W. Zech. "Water Relations." In Ecological Studies, 193–201. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73526-7_19.

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Schulze, Ernst-Detlef, Erwin Beck, Nina Buchmann, Stephan Clemens, Klaus Müller-Hohenstein, and Michael Scherer-Lorenzen. "Water Relations." In Plant Ecology, 329–65. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-56233-8_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Water Relations"

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Gulliver, John S., Qizhong Guo, and Jy S. Wu. "Scaling Relations for Manufactured Stormwater BMPs." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2008. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40976(316)20.

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Akrimi, Rawaa, Hichem Hajlaoui, Mounir Denden, and Mahmoud Mhamdi. "Electromagnetic Saline Water for Potato Growth and Water Relations." In LAFOBA2. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2022016057.

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Hadjiloucas, Silas, L. S. Karatzas, David A. Keating, and M. J. Usher. "Optical sensors for plant/water relations." In 10th Optical Fibre Sensors Conference. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.185007.

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Gulliver, John S., Qizhong Guo, John J. Sansalone, Gregory Williams, and J. S. Wu. "Proposed Scaling Relations for Manufactured Stormwater BMPs." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41036(342)145.

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Martinez-Alonso, Alberto, Micaela Carvajal, and Gloria Barzana. "Different Strategies to Tolerate Salinity Involving Water Relations." In IECPS 2021. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecps2021-12035.

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Steinschneider, Scott, Casey Brown, and Richard Palmer. "Relations between Large-Scale Atmospheric Circulation Patterns and New England River Flow." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41114(371)230.

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Sencovici, Mihaela. "THE RELATIONS BETWEEN VEGETAL ORGANISMS AND THE WATER FACTOR." In 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2018. Stef92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2018/5.1/s20.121.

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Devineni, Naresh, and Sankarasubramanian Arumugam. "Climatology of Monthly Runoff: Causality and Relations to Seasonality in Precipitation and Temperature." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41114(371)457.

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Nguyen, Van-Thanh-Van, and Alireza Zareie. "Estimation of Point-to-Area Rainfall Frequency Relations in the Context of Climate Change." In World Environmental And Water Resources Congress 2012. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412312.183.

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Ghanbari, Reza Namdar. "Analysis of the Relations between Climatic Variability and Groundwater Level Variations in Wisconsin, USA." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2005. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40792(173)456.

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Reports on the topic "Water Relations"

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Buckingham, Michael J. Spatial Statistics of Deep-Water Ambient Noise; Dispersion Relations for Sound Waves and Shear Waves. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada618055.

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Cárdenas, Helena. Review on urban water & sanitation on three topics: subsidy incidence, price elasticities, and relations to health: framework and research paths for future studies. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003877.

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This document presents a review of the literature on three pressing policy issues that currently are of relevance to regulators and utility companies in the water and sanitation sector: i) subsidy incidence, ii) responses to pricing policies, and iii) relations to health.
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Grapentine, L., and W. Norwood. Benthic invertebrate communities in the Lac Dasserat system: relations to environmental gradients and toxicological responses of amphipods to water and sediment. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/297766.

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Just, Richard E., Eithan Hochman, and Sinaia Netanyahu. Problems and Prospects in the Political Economy of Trans-Boundary Water Issues. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573997.bard.

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The objective of this research was to develop and apply a conceptual framework for evaluating the potential of trans-boundary bargaining with respect to water resource sharing. The research accomplished this objective by developing a framework for trans-boundary bargaining, identifying opportunities for application, and illustrating the potential benefits that can be gained thereby. Specifically, we have accomplished the following: - Developed a framework to measure the potential for improving economic efficiency considering issues of political feasibility and sustainability that are crucial in trans-boundary cooperation. - Used both cooperative and non-cooperative game theory to assess feasible coalitions among the parties involved and to model potential bargaining procedures. - Identified empirically alternative schemes of cooperation that both improve upon the economic efficiency of present water usage and appease all of the cooperating parties. - Estimated the potential short-run and long-run affects of water reallocation on the agricultural sector and used this information to understand potential strategies taken by the countries in bargaining processes. - Performed case studies in Israeli-Jordanian relations, the relationship of Israel to the Palestinian Authority, and cooperation on the Chesapeake Bay. - Published or have in process publication of a series of refereed journal articles. - Published a book which first develops the theoretical framework, then presents research results relating to the case studies, and finally draws implications for water cooperation issues generally. Background to the Topic The increase in water scarcity and decline in water quality that has resulted from increased agricultural, industrial, and urban demands raises questions regarding profitability of the agricultural sector under its present structure. The lack of efficient management has been underscored recently by consecutive years of drought in Israel and increased needs to clean up the Chesapeake Bay. Since agriculture in the Middle East (Chesapeake Bay) is both the main water user (polluter) and the low-value user (polluter), a reallocation of water use (pollution rights) away from agriculture is likely with further industrial and urban growth. Furthermore, the trans-boundary nature of water resources in the case of the Middle East and the Chesapeake Bay contributes to increased conflicts over the use of the resources and therefore requires a political economic approach. Major Conclusions, Solutions, Achievements and Implications Using game theory tools, we critically identify obstacles to cooperation. We identify potential gains from coordination on trans-boundary water policies and projects. We identify the conditions under which partial (versus grand) coalitions dominate in solving water quality disputes among riparian countries. We identify conditions under which linking water issues to unrelated disputes achieves gains in trans-boundary negotiations. We show that gains are likely only when unrelated issues satisfy certain characteristics. We find conditions for efficient water markets under price-determined and quantity-determined markets. We find water recycling and adoption of new technologies such as desalination can be part of the solution for alleviating water shortages locally and regionally but that timing is likely to be different than anticipated. These results have been disseminated through a wide variety of publications and oral presentations as well as through interaction with policymakers in both countries.
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Cohen, Shabtai, Melvin Tyree, Amos Naor, Alan N. Lakso, Terence L. Robinson, and Yehezkiel Cohen. Influence of hydraulic properties of rootstocks and the rootstock-scion graft on water use and productivity of apple trees. United States Department of Agriculture, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7587219.bard.

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This one year exploratory project investigated hydraulic architecture of apple dwarfing rootstocks. The hypothesis was that hydraulic conductance is correlated with rootstock vigor. A previous study of trees on three rootstocks in Israel showed that dwarfed trees used less water than un-dwarfed trees. Analysis showed that if the tree maintains leaf water potentials above minimum values, then this implies that the dwarfed trees have lower leaf conductance, which may also be the cause of dwarfing. The current project studied small 2-year old unworked rootstock trees, and full sized trees bearing commercial yields. In both cases hydraulic conductance was determined with two methods - the non-destructive evaporative flux (EF)-leaf water potential (L WP) method, and a destructive method in which water was forced through the plant at known pressure using the "high pressure flow meter" (HPFM). Detailed work allowed measurement of conductance of the rootstock-scion union. This was achieved both with the HPFM and with the EF-LWP methods, the former in the US and the latter in Israel. Direct measurements of leaf conductance were made, and carbon isotope ratios ( d ¹³ C) were determined for leaves sampled at the end of the season. The latter can indicate sustained differences in leaf conductance behavior. HPFM and EF-LWP methods did not give the same results. In the small plants results were similar in magnitude, but not significantly correlated. In large trees, EF- L WP measurements were a fraction of those obtained with the HPFM. The latter indicates that some of the xylem is not normally functional but transports water when pressurized. Additional experimental work targeted this result. Xylem was stained before and after perfusion with water at high pressure. This showed that at least for one rootstock a significant amount of xylem was blocked before perfusion. The "air method" for determining xylem vessel properties was improved and employed. Length, radius and density of xylem vessels of different rootstocks were found to be similar, and significant differences found were not clearly related to rootstock vigor. Measurements in the commercial orchard in Israel showed that the graft union in a dwarfing rootstock was a large obstacle for water transport (i.e. had a high resistance). This apparently led to low leaf conductance to water vapor, as indicated by lower d ¹³ C, which implies low internal CO ₂ concentrations. In the US orchard, d ¹³ C in 2001 was correlated with rootstock vigor, and significant differences were found in leaf conductance. However, the d ¹³ C differences were not observed in 2002, were opposite to those found in the Israeli orchard, and measurements of the graft union with the HPFM did not find large resistances. We speculate that the graft union is not necessarily a large impediment to water transport unless the scion starts to separate from the rootstock. It was concluded that significant differences in hydraulic conductance exist between different dwarfing rootstocks. These differences may be caused by differences in xylem properties and in the degree of cavitation, as well as resistance in the graft union. However, no general relationship to rootstock vigor was found. Therefore, hydraulic conductance alone cannot explain dwarfing, but may be one of two or more factors that lead to dwarfing. Future work should integrate more factors with hydraulic relations, e.g. nutrient and solute transport and production of hormones.
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Van Hemelrijck, Adinda. Urban WASH Governance in Pakistan: Impact Evaluation of the Improving Urban WASH Governance and Accountability (IUWGA) project. Oxfam GB, November 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2019.5259.

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This evaluation is presented as part of the Effectiveness Review Series 2017/18. The Improving Urban WASH Governance and Accountability (IUWGA) project in Pakistan was selected for review under the ‘Sustainable Water’ thematic area. The overall objective of the project was to develop and pilot-test a local urban governance model that builds on a concept of collaborative rights and accountability relations as the basis for developing a new social contract between local authorities and citizens in new urban settlements. The model was piloted over a period of two years (April 2015 - March 2017) in two Union Councils in the Sindh and Punjab Province. This assessment focused on the effectiveness and likely sustainability of the participatory governance model relative to ‘equitable and sustainable access to water’. Participatory Impact Assessment and Learning Approach (PIALA) was used to rigorously assess the impact of system change and engage stakeholders in its processes. Find out more by reading the full report now.
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Hurst, J. K. [Fundamental studies in oxidation reduction in relation to water photolysis]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7068972.

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Hurst, J. K. (Fundamental studies in oxidation-reduction in relation to water photolysis). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5327232.

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Balazik, Matthew, Safra Altman, Kevin Reine, and Alan Katzenmeyer. Atlantic sturgeon movements in relation to a cutterhead dredge in the James River, Virginia. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42101.

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This technical note describes a field study investigating the movements of federally endangered Atlantic sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus (ATS), during the summer and fall of 2017 near a cutterhead dredge working in the James River, Virginia, to provide data addressing the concern about the potential impacts of dredging activities (for example, excavation, transit, disposal, sounds, reduced water quality) on the ATS.
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Hadas, Amos, John Hanks, Eshel Bresler, and Eli Feinerman. Crop Production Function in Relation to Irrigation Methods Limited Water and Variability. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1992.7600060.bard.

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