Journal articles: 'Water recycling'

1

Skelly, Kenneth. "Water recycling." Review of Progress in Coloration and Related Topics 30, no. 1 (October 23, 2008): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.2000.tb03777.x.

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Asano, T. "Urban water recycling." Water Science and Technology 51, no. 8 (April 1, 2005): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0232.

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Increasing urbanization has resulted in an uneven distribution of population, industries, and water in urban areas; thus, imposing unprecedented pressures on water supplies and water pollution control. These pressures are exacerbated during the periods of drought and climatic uncertainties. The purpose of this paper is to summarize emergence of water reclamation, recycling and reuse as a vital component of sustainable water resources in the context of integrated water resources management in urban and rural areas. Water quality requirements and health and public acceptance issues related to water reuse are also discussed. Reclaimed water is a locally controllable water resource that exists right at the doorstep of the urban environment, where water is needed the most and priced the highest. Closing the water cycle loop not only is technically feasible in agriculture, industries, and municipalities but also makes economic sense. Society no longer has the luxury of using water only once.

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3

Pan, Qi, Feng Wang, and Hai Zhen Yang. "Cost-Benefit Analysis and Optimization of Semiconductor Processing Water Recycling Strategy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 2772–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.2772.

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In this study, cost-benefit analyses based on life cycle assessment is applied to optimize the recycling of processing water for semiconductor factories. A representative 8-inch semiconductor wafer manufacturing plant is selected and seven existing or potential processing water-recycling sources were set, reverse osmosis (RO) reject, ultrafilter (UF) reject, multimedia filter (MMF), on-line analyzer drain, cation/anion (C/A) filter and merry-go-round (MGR) filter backwash water (including C/A sensor drain), wafer process organic drain and wafer process inorganic drain, marked as point 1 to 7, respectively. To sort the water-recycling sources in ascending order of the results of life cycle cost analyses, they were point 4, 5, point 2, 3, point 1, 7 and point 6, with life cycle the cost about 100,000$, 350,000$, 1000,000$ and 2000,000$, respectively. The order changed when they were sorted by their unit recycling-water costs; that was point 1, 2, point 5, point 3, 4 and point 7, with the unit recycling-water costs 0.2$/ton, 0.3$/ton, 0.4$/ton and 0.5$/ton, respectively. The analyses also evaluated the water recycling practice for various assumed unit tap water price. The optimal processing water recycling strategies based were proposed and corresponding optimal water-recycling rates were 24%, 64%, 81%, and 85% for water price 0.373$/ton, 0.578$/ton, 0.75$/ton and 0.945$/ton, respectively.

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Livingston, Daniel Livingston. "Third pipe water recycling." Water e-Journal 5, no. 3 (2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21139/wej.2020.017.

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Third pipe systems for recycled water are on the periphery of options for more resilient urban water management in the face of water scarcity. A number of schemes in the Australian water industry provide useful learnings. Even though direct supply costs are often higher than the potable water price, there are distinct circumstances where such schemes can be justified economically. Even where schemes have not been economic, there can be valuable lessons around the institutional alignment required to enable innovation for integrated urban water management.

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5

KATO, Yoshishige. "Recycling of water resources." Shigen-to-Sozai 107, no. 2 (1991): 160–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2473/shigentosozai.107.160.

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6

Mondal, Jyotirmoy. "Water Harvesting and Recycling." International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology 1, no. 4 (2016): 623–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab/1.4.2.

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7

Apostolidis, Nick, Chris Hertle, and Ross Young. "Water Recycling in Australia." Water 3, no. 3 (September 9, 2011): 869–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w3030869.

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8

HIBI, Susumu, and Masahiro YAMAUCHI. "Water-Borne Recycling System." Journal of the Japan Society of Colour Material 76, no. 1 (2003): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4011/shikizai1937.76.34.

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9

Chapman, H. "WRAMS, sustainable water recycling." Desalination 188, no. 1-3 (February 2006): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2005.04.107.

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10

Koutsoyiannis, Demetris, and Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz. "Editorial—Recycling paper vs recycling papers." Hydrological Sciences Journal 54, no. 1 (February 2009): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1623/hysj.54.1.3.

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11

Sala, L., and M. Serra. "Towards sustainability in water recycling." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 2 (July 1, 2004): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0074.

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Those like us who believe in and spread the gospel of planned wastewater reclamation and reuse usually emphasize that this is a step towards sustainability in water resource management, but this is something that is very seldom analyzed. This paper discusses, from a critical point of view, issues such as goals in water reuse and influence on water demands, ecological analysis of the cycle of the main pollutants, health aspects and treatment requirements, energy consumption and measurable environmental benefits, in order to provide a set of criteria to assess sustainability in water recycling projects and to decrease the impact of the cultural water cycle on the environment.

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12

Hampton, Greg. "Discursive Evaluation of Water Recycling." Qualitative Research Journal 10, no. 2 (August 3, 2010): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3316/qrj1002065.

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13

Holmes, Lydia, Michael Ban, Tom Fox, Jim Hagstrom, and Susan Stutz-McDonald. "IMPLEMENTING SUSTAINABILITY IN WATER RECYCLING." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2004, no. 13 (January 1, 2004): 624–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864704784138287.

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14

Arrington, Wandra. "Water Recycling: Benefits and Risks." International Journal of Agriculture & Environmental Science 9, no. 4 (August 30, 2022): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/23942568/ijaes-v9i4p104.

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15

Otsubo, Koji. "Water Recycling System in CELSS." Japan journal of water pollution research 14, no. 12 (1991): 850–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2965/jswe1978.14.850.

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16

Crites, Ron, and Rob Beggs. "Water Recycling in Small Communities." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2008, no. 16 (January 1, 2008): 1395–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864708788734971.

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17

Udagawa, T. "Water recycling systems in Tokyo." Desalination 98, no. 1-3 (September 1994): 309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-9164(94)00156-1.

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18

Bassyouni, Adel, Mandira Sudame, and Don Mc Dermott. "Role Model Water Recycling Program." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2006, no. 6 (January 1, 2006): 6171–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864706783775360.

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19

Beekman, Gertjan B. "Water Conservation, Recycling and Reuse." International Journal of Water Resources Development 14, no. 3 (September 1998): 353–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900629849268.

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20

Magni, Valentina, Pierre Bouilhol, and Jeroen van Hunen. "Deep water recycling through time." Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 15, no. 11 (November 2014): 4203–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014gc005525.

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21

Tardif, P., J. Caron, I. Duchesne, and J. Gallichand. "Recycling Irrigation Water in Nursery Production." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 895C—895. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.895c.

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Overhead sprinkler systems in nurseries use large amount of water and fertilizers and generate runoff losses that may alter the quality of surface or subsurface water. Moreover, the cost associated with these losses is important. Water recycling may reduce that cost and the losses to the environment. Our objective was to evaluate the performance of two recycling systems (recycling and storing water in a tank and recycling solution through subirrigation on capillary mats) relative to a conventional overhead sprinkler system with no recycling. Two species (Prunus × Cistena and Spirea japonica `Little Princess') and seven substrates were used on plots subject to these irrigation practices. Treatments were compared for the water balance and the plant growth. After the first season, preliminary results showed that water and nutrient consumption were 65% less for sprinkler irrigation with recycling and with subirrigation on capillary mats. Plant yield and soil water content were statistically the same for the three treatments.

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22

Bounds, Tristian, Pete Munoz, and Jeff Pringle. "Responsible Water Recycling: Decentralized Solutions for Water Reuse." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2017, no. 15 (January 1, 2017): 880–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864717822153229.

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23

Keys, Patrick W., Miina Porkka, Lan Wang-Erlandsson, Ingo Fetzer, Tom Gleeson, and Line J. Gordon. "Invisible water security: Moisture recycling and water resilience." Water Security 8 (December 2019): 100046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasec.2019.100046.

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24

Hay, Christopher H., Benjamin D. Reinhart, Jane R. Frankenberger, Matthew J. Helmers, Xinhua Jia, Kelly A. Nelson, and Mohamed A. Youssef. "Frontier: Drainage Water Recycling in the Humid Regions of the U.S.: Challenges and Opportunities." Transactions of the ASABE 64, no. 3 (2021): 1095–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.14207.

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HighlightsDrainage water recycling captures and stores agricultural drainage water for reuse as supplemental irrigation.Drainage water recycling can both increase crop production and benefit downstream water quality.Depending on management, drainage water recycling can also provide other complementary benefits.Research needs to advance drainage water recycling are presented and discussed. Keywords: Drainage water quality, Drainage water reuse, Subsurface drainage, Supplemental irrigation, Agricultural resiliency.

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25

Zhang, Hengji. "Online Evaluation Method of Water Resources Recycling Effect in Urban Landscaping Using Fuzzy Approach." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (May 19, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1811283.

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The common perception of people about recycling involves reusage of aluminum cans, glass bottles, and newspapers, whereas recycling of water resources is a most important aspect nowadays. Water recycling is known to reuse cleaned wastewater for beneficial applications including agricultural and landscape irrigation, industrial activities, and replenishing a groundwater using the latest technologies. The current methods have some flaws in the evaluations of water resources’ recycling systems such as large mean square error, time complexity, and low-evaluation efficiency; therefore, this paper proposes an online evaluation method for the recycling process of water resources in urban landscaping. The health model of water resources recycling in urban landscaping has been analyzed using fuzzy-based approach. Second, the evaluation index system of water resources’ recycling is also analyzed using the ecological water-level analysis results, water resource quality, water resource abundance, and water resource utilization rate. Then, the extension of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is utilized to calculate the weight of water recycling evaluation index. Then a fuzzy-based comprehensive evaluation method is used to find the online evaluation model of the water recycling. Eventually, the evaluation of the effect of water recycling in urban landscaping is performed and analysis is made for decision-making. The results prove that the proposed AHP and fuzzy method has a low mean square error and high accuracy.

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26

Si, Wei Bin, Yong Tao Lv, and Xiao Jun Liu. "Main Constraints and Solutions for Urban Sewage Reclamation." Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (October 2011): 2092–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.2092.

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Urban sewage recycling is one of the effective ways to improve ecological environment and to alleviate water supply and demand contradiction in urban areas. This paper analyzes the utilization condition and main constraints of recycling water in China, and believes that too many quality standards for recycling water lead to complex pipe network, and another main factor restraining sewage reclamation is the shortage of buffer storage link of recycling water. The author suggests incorporating the types and standards of recycling water to simplify pipe network, decentralize the reuse and use landscape water surface as a solution for buffer storage, and combining the four feasible recycling water modes being brought forward in the practices in China.

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27

Joseph-Soly, Sophia, Richmond Asamoah, and Jonas Addai-Mensah. "Superabsorbent recycling for process water recovery." Chemical Engineering Journal Advances 6 (May 2021): 100085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceja.2021.100085.

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28

Hills, S., A. Smith, P. Hardy, and R. Birks. "Water recycling at the Millennium Dome." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 10 (May 1, 2001): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0643.

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Thames Water is working with the New Millennium Experience Company to provide a water recycling system for the Millennium Dome which will supply 500m3/d of reclaimed water for WC and urinal flushing. The system will treat water from three sources:rainwater - from the Dome roofgreywater - from handbasins in the toilet blocksgroundwater - from beneath the Dome site The treatment technologies will range from “natural” reedbeds for the rainwater, to more sophisticated options, including biological aerated filters and membranes for the greywater and groundwater. Pilot scale trials were used to design the optimum configuration. In addition to the recycling system, water efficient devices will be installed in three of the core toilet blocks as part of a programme of research into the effectiveness of conservation measures. Data on water usage and customer behaviour will be collected via a comprehensive metering system. Information from the Dome project on the economics and efficiency of on-site recycling at large scale and data on water efficient devices, customer perception and behaviour will be of great value to the water industry. For Thames Water, the project provides vital input to the development of future water resource strategies.

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29

Shimizu, Nobutoshi, and Tsuneta Nakamura. "Water recycling for oil sands development." Journal of the Japanese Association for Petroleum Technology 70, no. 6 (2005): 522–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3720/japt.70.522.

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30

Pramod Patil, Prathamesh, Aditya Dadaso Desai, and Dr Prof D. B. Desai. "RECYCLING OF SEWAGE WATER FOR APARTMENT." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 7, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2022.v07i02.021.

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Recycling of sewage water is most important topic in the world. In most of the areas waste water is thrown off in river and sea without any treatment. This waste water contents many pollutant components that can be harmful for human health and environment. Due to wastewater natural resources of fresh water are polluted and aquatic life is in dangerous. Knowing the importance of water and evaluating the risk makes waste water treatment necessary for avoiding future problem. The purpose of this project is to prevent natural water sources and to treat wastewater coming from human activity and prevent environment and human health. So minimize harmful component present into the wastewater using various method.

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31

Reardon, David J., Peter L. Newell, and David L. Roohk. "Recycling Conserves Both Water and Energy." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2012, no. 13 (January 1, 2012): 3557–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864712811727067.

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32

Veselko, A. U. "ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF RECYCLING GEOTHERMAL WATER." Mining informational and analytical bulletin, S35 (2017): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.25018/0236-1493-2017-12-35-120-124.

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33

Stenekes, Nyree, Hal K. Colebatch, T. David Waite, and Nick J. Ashbolt. "Risk and Governance in Water Recycling." Science, Technology, & Human Values 31, no. 2 (March 2006): 107–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0162243905283636.

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34

Jeffrey, Paul, and Bruce Jefferson. "Water recycling: how feasible is it?" Filtration & Separation 38, no. 4 (May 2001): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-1882(01)80284-6.

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35

Koster, Randal D., D. Perry de Valpine, and Jean Jouzel. "Continental water recycling and H218O concentrations." Geophysical Research Letters 20, no. 20 (October 22, 1993): 2215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93gl01781.

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36

Wragg, Peter. "Waste water recycling - a case study." Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 109, no. 9 (October 22, 2008): 280–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1993.tb01575.x.

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37

Bohinc, Klemen, Jurij Reščič, Jean-Francois Dufreche, and Leo Lue. "Recycling of Uranyl from Contaminated Water." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 117, no. 37 (September 5, 2013): 10846–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp404822f.

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38

Diaper, C., B. Jefferson, S. A. Parsons, and S. J. Judd. "Water-Recycling Technologies in the UK." Water and Environment Journal 15, no. 4 (November 2001): 282–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.2001.tb00355.x.

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39

Morgan, T. K. K. B. "An indigenous perspective on water recycling." Desalination 187, no. 1-3 (February 2006): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2005.04.073.

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40

Liu, Zhihua, and Shaofeng Jia. "Decision Behavior of Different Participants in Industrial Water Recycling and the Sharing of Water Recycling Value." JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association 57, no. 4 (July 27, 2021): 602–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12935.

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41

CULTICE, ALYSSA, DARRELL J. BOSCH, JAMES W. PEASE, KEVIN J. BOYLE, and WEIBIN XU. "HORTICULTURAL GROWERS’ WILLINGNESS TO ADOPT RECYCLING OF IRRIGATION WATER." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 48, no. 1 (February 2016): 99–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aae.2016.2.

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AbstractRecycling irrigation water can provide water during periods of drought for horticulture operations and can reduce nonpoint-source pollution, but water recycling increases production costs and can increase risk of disease infestation from waterborne pathogens such as Pythium and Phytophthora. This study of water recycling adoption by horticultural growers in Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania finds that the potential for increased disease infestation would reduce growers’ probability of adopting water recycling. Widespread adoption of recycling irrigation water would require government incentives or coercion or growers’ ability to pass cost increases on to customers.

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42

Antolovich, Abigail, Gary Revoir, and T. Barton Weiss. "New Water Brew – Recycling Water for the Highest Purpose." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2017, no. 8 (January 1, 2017): 3829–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864717822158224.

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43

Férriz Papí, J. A. "Recycling of fresh concrete exceeding and wash water in concrete mixing plants." Materiales de Construcción 64, no. 313 (September 27, 2013): e004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/mc.2013.00113.

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44

Gibson, H. E., and N. Apostolidis. "Demonstration, the solution to successful community acceptance of water recycling." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 10 (May 1, 2001): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0635.

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The Department of Natural Resources in Queensland, Australia are presently carrying out a comprehensive Strategy called the Queensland Water Recycling Strategy (QWRS) to determine future Government directions in the whole area of water recycling. This strategy is considering the beneficial use of all waste streams such as domestic sewage, industrial and agricultural wastes, as well as urban stormwater. Following a workshop held during the initial phase of the strategy it was determined that a high priority must be given to the demonstration of recycling practices not being utilised in the State, or presently being practiced in an unsustainable manner. Three separate types of recycling projects are being carried out, the first being based on demonstrating recycling on a large new urban development close to Brisbane, the second associated with demonstrating the complex treatment processes associated with the higher levels of recycling, and the third associated with demonstrating community based recycling schemes.

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45

Englehardt, James D., Tingting Wu, Frederick Bloetscher, Yang Deng, Piet du Pisani, Sebastian Eilert, Samir Elmir, et al. "Net-zero water management: achieving energy-positive municipal water supply." Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 2, no. 2 (2016): 250–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ew00204d.

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46

Sovetova, Kundyz, and Akmaral Ismailova. "Treatment of waste water containing chromium (VI)." Chemical Bulletin of Kazakh National University, no. 4 (December 21, 2020): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15328/cb1113.

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In the production of chromium and in the process of transportation of chromiumcontaining materials, contamination of natural waters and soils with chromium compounds inevitably occurs. In this paper, the sorption of chromium (VI) ions with carbon sorbents is studied as a method for treating waste and natural water contaminated with chromiumcontaining compounds. Sorption method of extraction and concentration of elements is one of the most effective and simple technological method of chromium extraction. For extraction of chromium (VI), carbon sorbents obtained from recycling of wheat grains waste (RWGW) (wheat husk or bran) modified with ammonium nitrate were used. RWGW (recycling of wheat grains waste) + NH4NO3 (3%), RWGW (recycling of wheat grains waste) + NH4NO3 (5%), RWGW (recycling of wheat grains waste) + NH4NO3 (7%) were used. Chromium sorption was investigated depending on various factors. It has been established that the most effective sorbent is RWGW (recycling of wheat grains waste) + NH4NO3 (3%), with which it is possible to extract chromium by 98% from solutions at pH=1 in 30 min. This sorbent has been tested for industrial wastewater treatment containing up to 36 mg/L of chromium (VI) ions. The metal recovery rate was 95.2%. The obtained results indicate the prospects of application of RWGW (recycling of wheat grains waste) + NH4NO3 (3%) for wastewater treatment from chromium (VI).

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Loret, J. F., L. Cossalter, S. Robert, I. Baudin, M. Conan, and P. Charles. "Assessment and management of health risks related to the recycling of filter backwash water in drinking water production." Water Practice and Technology 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 166–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2013.019.

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Analytical campaigns were conducted on different drinking water treatment lines in order to characterize filter backwash water and assess the impact of recycling this water at the head of the plant. The pollutants identified in this water are essentially in the form of particles. Recycling this water may consequently increase the concentration of parameters such as turbidity, suspended solids, metals from coagulants and protozoa. On the other hand, no release of pesticides nor significant generation of disinfection by-products was observed during filter backwash with chlorinated water, in the conditions applied in France for chlorination. A modeling approach based on the mass balance of Cryptosporidium oocysts was applied to estimate the impact of recycling on oocysts concentration in the inlet water. A risk of infection was then assessed for each recycling scenario. A similar approach was also applied for amoebae, which have the capacity to colonize filter media, and for metal residues from coagulants. The results of this study demonstrate that two different situations have to be considered separately: • In the case of treatment lines composed of separate sedimentation and filtration steps, recycling at the head of the treatment process, even with no treatment, has no significant consequence on the microbial quality of the inlet water, and generates no additional health risk for the consumer. • In the case of treatment lines with no sedimentation step (direct filtration or UF used alone), recycling untreated water generates an excess of risk for the consumer which is not acceptable. Adding a coagulation / sedimentation step in the recycling circuit is sufficient in that case to keep the risk within acceptable limits.

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Rani Suryandono, Alexander, and Dimas Wihardyanto. "WATER RESISTANCE OF RECYCLED PAPER PANEL." LANGKAU BETANG: JURNAL ARSITEKTUR 1, no. 1 (June 10, 2017): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/lantang.v4i1.20392.

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Recycled paper has many benefits, from saving woods to reducing carbon footprints. Industrialized recycled paper were mainly made in developed countries. These processes are using high technology and utilize chemical reactions and materials that can only be done in large factories. Meanwhile, paper are also used in developing countries. Newspaper is one of the mass medias that use a high number of paper. Printed newspaper are still used by the majority of people which they prefer rather than the digital newspaper version. This paper focuses in newspaper recycling that can be done in a home industry without high technology involved so that the people of developing countries could easily do it. The paper is broken into cellulose and then glued using tapioca starch. The recycled paper is formed as a panel for partition in a house. The recycled panel paper is put into the water to measure the resistance level. This experiment will help to understand the recycled panel paper strength against water. Recycling process in a home industry can be a part of green solution, especially in paper use. Through this experiment method research, it can be seen that recycled paper panel has a certain resistance level from water and may be used for partition panel. Keywords: recycled paper, panel, partition, environmental friendly, building materials KETAHANAN AIR PANEL KERTAS DAUR ULANGKertas daur ulang memiliki banyak manfaat, mulai dari mengurangi penggunaan kayu sampai karbon. Industri kertas daur ulang banyak terdapat di Negara maju. Proses ini membutuhkan teknologi tinggi dan menggunakan reaksi dan bahan kimia yang hanya mungkin dilakukan di pabrik besar. Sementara itu, kertas juga digunakan di Negara berkembang. Koran adalah satu dari media massa yang menggunakan banyak kertas. Koran cetak masih lebih banyak digunakan daripada media online. Paper ini membahas daur ulang kertas koran yang dapat dilakukan pada skala rumah tangga tanpa teknologu tinggi sehingga dapat dilakukan oleh orang awam di negara berkembang. Kertas koran dihancurkan menjadi selulosa dan menggunakan tepung tapioca sebagai perekat. Kertas daur ulang dibentuk menjadi panel untuk digunakan sebagai dinding partisi. Panel kertas daur ulang ini dimasukkan kedalam air untuk mengetahui ketahan terhadap air. Percobaan ini memperlihatkan tingkat ketahanan panel kertas daur ulang terhadap air. Proses daur ulang yang dapat dilakukan pada rumah tangga dapat menjadi bagian dari solusi hijau, khususnya pada penggunaan kertas. Melalui riset berbasis eksperimen ini, dapat dilihat bahwa panel kertas daur ulang memiliki ketahanan terhadap air dan dapat digunakan sebagai dinding partisi. Kata-kata kunci: kertas daur ulang, panel, partisi, ramah lingkungan, bahan bangunan REFERENCESAlice Wisler (2015) Facts about Recycling Paper. http://greenliving.lovetoknow.com/Facts_About_Recycling_Paper. Accessed 2 April 2016 Clay Miller (2011) 5 Benefits of Recycling Paper. http://www.ways2gogreenblog.com/2011/09/28/5-benefits-of-recycling-paper/. Accessed 10 May 2016 Hari Goyal (2015) Grades of Paper. http://www.paperonweb.com/grade.htm. Accessed 2 April 2016 Hari Goyal (2015) Properties of Paper. http://www.paperonweb.com/paperpro.htm. Accessed 2 April 2016 Kathryn Sukalich (2016) Everything You Need to Know about Paper Recycling. http://earth911.com/business-policy/business/paper-recycling-details-basics/. Accessed 15 July 2016 [U1] Larry West (2015) Why Recycle Paper. http://environment.about.com/od/recycling/a/The-Benefits-Of-Paper-Recycling-Why-Recycle-Paper.htm. Accesed 15 June 2016 Marie-Luise Blue (2008) The Advantages of Recycling Paper. http://education.seattlepi.com/advantages-recycling-paper-3440.html. Accessed 15 June 2016 Nina Spitzer (2009) http://www.sheknows.com/home-and-gardening/articles/810025/the-impact-of-disposable-coffee-cups-on-the-environment. Accessed 15 June 2016 Radio New Zealand (2010) Iwi not Giving Up Fight against Tasman Mill Discharges. http://www.radionz.co.nz/news/regional/64521/iwi-not-giving-up-fight-against-tasman-mill-discharges. Accessed 15 July 2016 Rick LeBlanc (2016) Paper Recycling Facts, Figures and Information Sources. https://www.thebalance.com/paper-recycling-facts-figures-and-information-sources-2877868?_ga=1.192832942.544061388.1477446686. Accesed 2 April 2016 Robinson Meyer (2016) Will More Newspapers Go Nonprofit? http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/01/newspapers-philadelphia-inquirer-daily-news-nonprofit-lol-taxes/423960/. Accessed 3 August 2016 School of Engineering at Darthmouth (2010) Forest and Paper Industry. http://engineering.dartmouth.edu/~d30345d/courses/engs171/Paper.pdf. Accessed 2 April 2016 T. Subramani, V. Angappan. (2015). Experimental Investigation of Papercrete Concrete. International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering and Management. Volume 4 Issue 5 page 134-143

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Northcott, K., S. Bartlett, D. Sheehan, I. Snape, P. Scales, and S. Gray. "Water quality risk management strategies for remote operations." Water Supply 18, no. 2 (June 26, 2017): 482–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2017.130.

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Abstract The delivery of treatment and supply solutions for the management of water infrastructure for small and remote communities presents unique challenges. The identification of water quality hazards, the management of risks and conducting plant performance validation and verification activities can all be problematic. The ‘Demonstration of Robust Water Recycling’ (Robust Recycling) Project was funded by the Australian Water Recycling Centre of Excellence (AWRCoE) and the Australian Antarctic Division (AAD) as a means of developing strategies for the provision of small scale water treatment schemes from non-traditional water sources. Using the example of the AAD's Davis Station, this project featured an alternative approach to the establishment of a risk management framework for water recycling. This approach may be applicable to both drinking and recycled water schemes in other small and remote communities.

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Yamagata, H., M. Ogoshi, Y. Suzuki, M. Ozaki, and T. Asano. "On-site water recycling systems in Japan." Water Supply 3, no. 3 (June 1, 2003): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2003.0020.

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Non-potable urban water reuse is Japan's main water reuse practice, which includes water for environmental uses, in-stream flow augmentation, toilet flushing, and industrial reuse. On-site water recycling systems reclaim wastewater on site as well as harvest rainwater in one or more large buildings and distributing the reclaimed water within the buildings for non-potable reuse. Based on our survey conducted in 1999 on current status of on-site water recycling systems in 23 wards of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government District, the following findings are reported in this paper: (1) on the average, 61% of non-potable water demand is met by reclaimed water, and the deficit is made up by tap water from city water supply, (2) biological treatment or ultrafiltration processes can provide reliable treatment and suitable water quality. Some technical problems such as odor from on-site treatment facilities have occurred in a few buildings, (3) there has been no serious accident involving human health by accidentally ingesting reclaimed water, and (4) there is a scale merit in the construction cost of on-site water recycling systems. An on-site wastewater recycling system larger than 100 m3/d is more economically justifiable when compared to a conventional domestic water supply system. An on-site water recycling system can provide an effective, safe, and economical urban water resource for non-potable water reuse applications.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Water recycling'

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