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Journal articles on the topic 'Water – Purification – Oxidation'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Tan, Feng Xun, Fei Wang, Dao Ji Wu, and Xiao Xiang Cheng. "Development of Network Pressure-Superposed Secondary Water Purification." Applied Mechanics and Materials 587-589 (July 2014): 606–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.587-589.606.

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Secondary water supply equipment was designed based on the current water supply source and municipal pipe network. The combination between Water purification and pressure-superposed water supply could guarantee the drinking water security, fully exploit the municipal pipe network pressure, and effectively save the energy. Catalytic oxidation of ozone, complex adsorption, and microbial degradation collaborated to treat the micro-polluted water. Activated alumina was employed for the high fluoride water purification with HCl/NaOH deep regeneration. For the brackish water, membrane treatment was adopted. A collaborative technology of ozone oxidation, contact oxidation, and biological oxidation was used for the iron/manganese-rich water. The results showed that all the effluents could meet the requirement of "Sanitary standard for drinking water" (GB5749-2006) and "Water quality standards for fine drinking water" (CJ94-2005).

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2

Fleming, R. W., and D. W. Tedder. "Water purification by radiation induced oxidation (thesis excerpts)." Journal of Environmental Science and Health . Part A: Environmental Science and Engineering and Toxicology 25, no. 4 (May 1990): 425–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10934529009375568.

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3

Al-Maznai, H., and B. E. Conway. "Auto-inhibition effects in anodic oxidation of phenols for electrochemical waste-water purification." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 66, no. 11-12 (2001): 765–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0112765a.

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Removal or modification of noxious organic impurities in waste-waters is a major challenge for environmental science. Pollutants such as phenols and their derivatives, as well as PCBs, have attracted special attention. In recent years, the possibilities of effecting direct electrocatalytic oxidations at high-area electrodes such as supported Pt or RuO2 have been investigated. However, in a number of cases, especially with phenolic impurities, application of anodic oxidation fails to lead to continuous Faradaic oxidation currents owing to the electrode surfaces becoming blocked with polymeric oxidation products leading to auto-inhibition (?passivation?) of the desired electrode process. Examples of such effects with phenols and related compounds are examined comparatively in the present paper by means of cyclic volatammetry and chronoamperometry.

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4

Li, Fa Zhan, Dong Cheng, and Xi Wu Lv. "Experimental Study of Ultrafiltration of Eutrophicated Source Water in Combination with Sand Filter and Biological Contact Oxidation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 238 (November 2012): 409–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.238.409.

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The experiments of ultrafiltration of Taihu Lake water with sand filter and water- dropping aeration biological contact oxidation combinations were evaluated. The experiment results showed that under the conditions of the average water temperature was 19.8°C and the HRT of the biological contact oxidation was 1.5h, the removal rates of turbidity, ammonia nitrogen, CODMn and algae by technological purification process were 99.1%, 85.2%, 53.6% and 98.7% respectively. As a comparison, the removal rates of turbidity, ammonia nitrogen, CODMn, algae, UV254 by routine purification process respectively were 96.6%, 16.3%, 35.8% and 95.5% separately in Wuxi Chongshan waterworks at the same water temperature. Under the conditions of approximately equivalent in investment and running expenditure by technological and economical analyses, the efficiency of technological purification process was higher than that of routine purification process.

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5

Karki, Bhishma, Jeevan Jyoti Nakarmi, and Mukesh Jerambhai Keshavani. "Water Purification from Organic Pollutants using a Photo-Oxidation." Research Journal of Applied Sciences 14, no. 6 (October 20, 2019): 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.36478/rjasci.2019.192.197.

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6

Andreozzi, R. "Advanced oxidation processes (AOP) for water purification and recovery." Catalysis Today 53, no. 1 (October 15, 1999): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-5861(99)00102-9.

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7

Arakcheev, E. N., V. E. Brunman, M. V. Brunman, A. V. Konyashin, V. A. Dyachenko, A. P. Petkova, and R. Ye Nekrasov. "EXPERIMENTAL SUBSTANTIATION OF THE PRACTICABILITY OF DISINFECTION AND PURIFICATION OF WATER AND WASTEWATERS WITH POTASSIUM FERRATE." Hygiene and sanitation 96, no. 3 (March 27, 2019): 216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-3-216-222.

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There are considered issues of the use of potassium ferrate for disinfection of drinking water, oxidation and coagulation of wastewaters, rainwater and environmental waters. Variety of realizations of technology for different water disinfection and purification using potassium ferrate is proved. Principles of composition and operation of technological flowchart of potassium ferrate producing and dosing and structural solution of complex unit for flowchart’s realization are analyzed and proved. Ecological and economic efficiencies of developed technology compared to analogs are shown. The results of approbation of the usage of electrolytic potassium ferrate for drinking water disinfection, wastewater oxidation and coagulation, including toxic, rain and environmental waters, are presented.

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8

Heponiemi, Anne, Janne Pesonen, Tao Hu, and Ulla Lassi. "Alkali-Activated Materials as Catalysts for Water Purification." Catalysts 11, no. 6 (May 23, 2021): 664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11060664.

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In this study, novel and cost-effective alkali-activated materials (AAMs) for catalytic applications were developed by using an industrial side stream, i.e., blast furnace slag (BFS). AAMs can be prepared from aluminosilicate precursors under mild conditions (room temperature using non-hazardous chemicals). AAMs were synthesized by mixing BFS and a 50 wt % sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution at different BFS/NaOH ratios. The pastes were poured into molds, followed by consolidation at 20 or 60 °C. As the active metal, Fe was impregnated into the prepared AAMs by ion exchange. The prepared materials were examined as catalysts for the catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) of a bisphenol A (BPA) aqueous solution. As-prepared AAMs exhibited a moderate surface area and mesoporous structure, and they exhibited moderate activity for the CWPO of BPA, while the iron ion-exchanged, BFS-based catalyst (Fe/BFS30-60) exhibited the maximum removal of BPA (50%) during 3 h of oxidation at pH 3.5 at 70 °C. Therefore, these new, inexpensive, AAM-based catalysts could be interesting alternatives for catalytic wastewater treatment applications.

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9

Lazarova, Z., and R. Spendlingwimmer. "Treatment of yellow water by membrane separations and advanced oxidation methods." Water Science and Technology 58, no. 2 (August 1, 2008): 419–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.667.

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Comparative experimental study is performed on purification of yellow wastewaters separated and collected in solarCity, Linz, Austria. Three membrane methods (micro-, ultra-, and nano-filtration), and two advanced oxidations (gamma radiation and electrochemical oxidation) were applied. Best results concerning the removal of pharmaceuticals and hormones from urine by membrane separation were achieved using the membrane NF-200 (FilmTecTM). Pharmaceuticals (ibuprofen and diclofenac), and hormones (oestrone, β-oestradiol, ethenyloestradiol, oestriol) were removed completely from urine. NF-separation also has some disadvantages: losses of urea, and lowering the conductivity in the product (permeate). The retentates (concentrates) received have to be treated further by oxidation to destroy the “problem” compounds. The results showed that electrochemical oxidation is more suitable than gamma radiation. Gamma-radiation with intensities higher than 10 kGy has to be applied for efficiently destroying of ibuprofen, and especially diclofenac. A high quantity of intermediate “problem” substances with oestrone structure was formed during the gamma oxidation of hormone containing urine samples. The electrochemical oxidation can be successfully applied for elimination of pharmaceuticals such as diclofenac, and hormones (oestrone, β-oestradiol) from yellow wastewater without loss of urea (nitrogen fertiliser).

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10

Povarov, Vladimir, Igor' Gusev, Sergey Rosnovsky, Dmitriy Statsura, Vladimir Kazansky, Evgeniy Goncharov, Eduard Mel'nikov, et al. "Experience in Implementation of Systems Applied for Drainage Water Ion-Selective Purification from Radionuclides at Units 1,2 of Novovoronezh-2 NPP." ANRI, no. 4 (December 3, 2020): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37414/2075-1338-2020-103-4-64-70.

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The article is dedicated to the assessment of the experience in drainage water purification from radionuclides using ion-selective purification method on Units 1,2 Novovoronezh-2 NPP. Application of an ion-selective sorbent based on nickel ferrocyanide, as well as the preliminary oxidation of corrosive origin radiongjuclides, allow to achieve a satisfactory quality of purification from Cs-134, Cs-137, Co-60, Co 58, Mn-54, Cr-51. However, this method turned out to be ineffective for drainage water purification from Be-7, Sb-124, Sb-125. The article presents a possible method for drainage water purification from Be-7, Sb-124, Sb-125 using an iron-based coagulant, prospects for the modernization of the ion-selective drainage water purification plant, as well as plans to improve methods for drainage water purification at Novovoronezh-2 NPP

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11

Bolisetty, Sreenath, Noemi Reinhold, Christophe Zeder, Monica N. Orozco, and Raffaele Mezzenga. "Efficient purification of arsenic-contaminated water using amyloid–carbon hybrid membranes." Chemical Communications 53, no. 42 (2017): 5714–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cc00406k.

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12

Kim, Jong Oh, Jong Tae Jung, and Won Youl Choi. "Application of Photocatalytic Metal Membrane System for Water Purification." Key Engineering Materials 326-328 (December 2006): 1317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.1317.

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This study was conducted to evaluate the applicability of photocatalytic metal membrane system for the treatment of humic acid and heavy metals in aqueous solution. The catalysts, TiO2 powder P25 Degussa and metal membrane with 0.5 μm nominal pore size were used for experiments. Removal efficiency of humic acid and heavy metals increased with the increase of TiO2 dosage, however decreased over 0.3 g/L of TiO2 dosage. The addition of H2O2 as an oxidation reagent had a positive effect for the removal rate of humic acid and heavy metals. Metal membrane with stainless steel seemed to be quite stable to UV light with oxidation reagent in long-term operational periods over 6 months. Moreover, TiO2 particles can be effectively separated from the treated water by membrane rejection and the permeation flux was also enhanced by the combination of photocatalytic reaction.

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13

Steensen, Martin. "Chemical oxidation for the treatment of leachate-process comparison and results from full-scale plants." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 4 (February 1, 1997): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0130.

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Before landfill leachate is discharged, extensive removal of organic substances is required which cannot be achieved by biological treatment only. Chemical oxidation has the advantage of the substances being almost completely converted. Hydrogen peroxide/UV, ozone and ozone/fixed bed catalyst processes were used for the purification of three biologically pre-treated leachates. With all processes sufficient purification levels were achieved. However, the required energy consumption is largest with the hydrogen peroxide/UV process. If chemical oxidation is combined with biological purification, the discharge quality can be increased at decreased oxidant consumption.

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14

Piskarev, I. M. "Electrodeless electrochemical oxidation reactions as a technique for water purification." Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering 34, no. 3 (May 2000): 298–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02755979.

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15

Liu, Yanbiao, Fang Li, Qin Xia, Jiawei Wu, Jianshe Liu, Mingzhi Huang, and Jianping Xie. "Conductive 3D sponges for affordable and highly-efficient water purification." Nanoscale 10, no. 10 (2018): 4771–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nr09435c.

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We developed a low-cost method to achieve efficient organic pollutants degradation by incorporating conductive nanomaterials to assist electro-oxidation, leading to an efficient conductive nano-sponge filtration device.

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16

Fadeev, A. B., E. N. Kuzin, N. E. Kruchinina, T. I. Nosova, and E. V. Kostyleva. "Estimation of the Efficiency of Methods for Electroplating Wastewater Purification from Ammonium-Tartrate Copper (II) Complexes." Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Natural Sciences, no. 5 (92) (October 2020): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/1812-3368-2020-5-97-108.

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Wastewater purification from heavy metal compounds is a complex and urgent task. One of the main sources of pollution of the environment with ions of heavy metals is the wastewater, i.e., washing, of the electro-plating processes. Complex electrolytes based on copper compounds are stable in a wide pH range and, when released into water, cannot be removed by the traditional methods, such as neutralization and precipitation. The study estimated the efficiency of various methods of physicochemical water purification for removing complex ammonia-tartrate copper (II) complexes from water. Findings of research show that titanyl sulfate is most effective in water purification using coagulants. The efficiency of purification with the use of titanium compounds reaches 85 %, which is on average 30--40 % higher than when using traditional coagulants based on aluminum or iron compounds. Electrocoagulation processes make it possible to effectively remove complex copper compounds from water due to a combination of the processes of organic component oxidation and coagulation with iron salts. It was found that advanced oxidation processes, which are based on the reaction with a hydroxyl radical, using hydrogen peroxide, i.e., Fenton processes, make it possible to purify wastewater from copper compounds by 99.9 %. Despite the high efficiency, it is advisable to use adsorption processes only at the stage of additional water purification from previously coagulated and oxidized pollutants

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17

Lv, Li Hua, Jing Cheng Ren, Tian Hu Sun, and Jian Qing Dai. "Ferrooxidans’s Isolation and Purification." Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (October 2011): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.3.

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we take mining water from Liang Zou group undergroud 200 m. and cltured in 9K medium, sodium thiosulfate medium, sulfur (S0) medium. According to its conformation on the different mediums, we get ferrooxidans(T.f), and studying its ecological nature shows that the ferrooxidanis is acidophilic autotrophic bacteria and has ferrous iron and sulfur oxidation. Its optimum growth pH value is 2.0, optimum growth temperature is 30°C, 1.0 g/L of Fe2 + and 1 % S0 which can be used as the energy source are propitious to its growth. After UV mutagenesis, the strain which has been cold treated improve Fe2+ oxidation ability, at the same time, shorten the time enter to the logarithmic growth phase, the density of bacteria in lag growth phase increases from 6.8×107 cells/mL to 7.8×107 cells/mL, so increase bio-leaching capability.

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18

Kumar, Jatinder, and Ajay Bansal. "Photocatalysis by Nanoparticles of Titanium Dioxide for Drinking Water Purification: A Conceptual and State-of-Art Review." Materials Science Forum 764 (July 2013): 130–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.764.130.

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To overcome the water pollution problems, and to meet stringent environmental regulations, scientist and researchers have been focusing on the development of new water purification processes. One such group of new technologies is advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Among the AOPs, titanium dioxide photocatalysis has been widely studied on lab scale by the researchers for decontamination of drinking water. In the present chapter, a conceptual as well as state-of-art review of titanium dioxide photocatalysis for water purification has been discussed.

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19

Ioffe, I. I., and E. V. Rubinskaya. "Reaction of Catalytic Oxidation by Liquid Water and Its Application to Waste Water Purification." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 36, no. 6 (June 1997): 2483–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie960520w.

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20

Yue, P. L. "Modelling of kinetics and reactor for water purification by photo-oxidation." Chemical Engineering Science 48, no. 1 (January 1993): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(93)80278-x.

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21

FATTAKhOVA, A. M., A. G. KIRSANOVA, R. I. KhANGIL'DIN, and V. A. MARTYaShEVA. "THE USAGE OF CATALYSERS IN THE OXIDATION pROCESS OF NATURAL ANDWASTE WATER PURIFICATION." Urban construction and architecture 1, no. 2 (July 15, 2011): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2011.02.19.

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22

Haisch, Christoph, Jenny Schneider, Manuel Fleisch, Henning Gutzmann, Thomas Klassen, and Detlef W. Bahnemann. "Cold sprayed WO3 and TiO2 electrodes for photoelectrochemical water and methanol oxidation in renewable energy applications." Dalton Transactions 46, no. 38 (2017): 12811–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7dt02063e.

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23

Liu, Zhi Jiao, and Yun Lng Yang. "Coking Wastewater Physico-Chemical Treatment Technology Evolvement Review." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.88.

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Coal coking wastewater is generated from coking, coal gas purification and coking product recovery process, its composition is complex and difficult to degrade. By introducing the coking wastewater treatment research and application, such as adsorption,coagulation and sedimentation, flue gas treatment and other physical methods, as well advanced oxidation, wet oxidation, Fenton reagent method, photocatalytic oxidation, ultrasonic oxidation, ozone oxidation method, electrochemical oxidation, supercritical water oxidation, incineration and plasma technology, this paper puts forward the trend of coking wastewater treatment technology.

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24

VERGUNOV, Aleksey I. "ORGANIC SORPTION-MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY OF DON WATERS CLEAN." Urban construction and architecture 6, no. 2 (June 15, 2016): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2016.02.5.

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Within one year on the water of the river Don were conducted pilot tests of bio-sorptional-membrane installation, allowing to reduce the content of organic substances in drinking water. Thus, reducing the efficiency of COD concentration in the bio-sorptional-membrane reactor averaged 44.8%, the chroma - 59.1%, permanganate oxidation - 31.2%. The high degree of water purification has been obtained and turbidity was 95-96%. The results showed that the bio-sorptional membrane technology is a promising way to improve the process of natural water purification, in particular, to prevent the formation of chlorinated and brominated compounds in the chlorination of water.

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25

Chapra, Steven C., Luis A. Camacho, and Graham B. McBride. "Impact of Global Warming on Dissolved Oxygen and BOD Assimilative Capacity of the World’s Rivers: Modeling Analysis." Water 13, no. 17 (September 1, 2021): 2408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13172408.

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For rivers and streams, the impact of rising water temperature on biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) assimilative capacity depends on the interplay of two independent factors: the waterbody’s dissolved oxygen (DO) saturation and its self-purification rate (i.e., the balance between BOD oxidation and reaeration). Although both processes increase with rising water temperatures, oxygen depletion due to BOD oxidation increases faster than reaeration. The net result is that rising temperatures will decrease the ability of the world’s natural waters to assimilate oxygen-demanding wastes beyond the damage due to reduced saturation alone. This effect should be worse for nitrogenous BOD than for carbonaceous BOD because of the former’s higher sensitivity to rising water temperatures. Focusing on streams and rivers, the classic Streeter–Phelps model was used to determine the magnitude of the maximum or “critical” DO deficit that can be calculated analytically as a function of the mixing-point BOD concentration, DO saturation, and the self-purification rate. The results indicate that high-velocity streams will be the most sensitive to rising temperatures. This is significant because such systems typically occur in mountainous regions where they are also subject to lower oxygen saturation due to decreased oxygen partial pressure. Further, they are dominated by salmonids and other cold-water fish that require higher oxygen levels than warm-water species. Due to their high reaeration rates, such systems typically exhibit high self-purification constants and consequently have higher assimilation capacities than slower moving lowland rivers. For slow-moving rivers, the total sustainable mixing-point concentration for CBOD is primarily dictated by saturation reductions. For faster flowing streams, the sensitivity of the total sustainable load is more equally dependent on temperature-induced reductions in both saturation and self-purification.

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26

Chen, Tiansheng, Qianxin Zhang, Xiaoshan Zheng, Zhijie Xie, Yongqin Zeng, Ping Chen, Haijin Liu, Yang Liu, Wenying Lv, and Guoguang Liu. "Photocatalyst with a metal-free electron–hole pair double transfer mechanism for pharmaceutical and personal care product degradation." Environmental Science: Nano 6, no. 11 (2019): 3292–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9en00756c.

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Advanced photocatalytic oxidation processes for water purification have been the subject of extensive research over the past several years; however, the low efficiency utilization of photogenerated carriers remains a major challenge.

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27

Satoh, Hiroyasu. "Effects of intermittent contact oxidation on microbial population in in-sewer purification." Impact 2020, no. 3 (May 13, 2020): 60–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2020.3.60.

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There are multiple branches and approaches necessary to maintaining a healthy population. The provision of medical care, preventative measures and a reliable supply of nutritious food are all important. Also important is public sanitation and the effective cleaning, removal and purification of waste from human habitation. In particular, creating effective water recycling schemes is essential to reducing the spread of the disease and providing a stable supply of potable water. This process is also important in the context of keeping the environment clean. When sewage waste is dumped directly into rivers or seas, the results can be catastrophic for local ecosystem. In developed countries, cleaning water is a costly process both in terms of money and energy. Sewage is typically directed to treatment centres that take the dirty water through several cleaning and purification processes. This generally works effectively, however the process could be further refined. The sewage systems of developing countries, where they exist, are typically used to transport waste directly into rivers and oceans. Understandably, these countries may not be able to build complex and intensive treatment centres, however low-cost efficient technology could help bridge the gap and create a cleaner environment. There have been multiple attempts to create new sewage sanitation systems in the past. However, many often prove too complex to install in systems that are already set up and have fallen by the wayside. Professor Hiroyasu Satoh of the Department of Socio-cultural Environmental Studies at The University of Tokyo, his team and several industrial collaborators have been working on designing, testing and implementing a novel in-sewer purification system.

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28

Li Puma, Gianluca, Jen Nee Khor, and Alberto Brucato. "Modeling of an Annular Photocatalytic Reactor for Water Purification: Oxidation of Pesticides." Environmental Science & Technology 38, no. 13 (July 2004): 3737–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0301020.

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29

TAKEDA, Shigeru, and Toshiro SAKURAI. "Water quality purification experiment of municipal sewerage system by catalytic oxidation method." Journal of Environmental Conservation Engineering 21, no. 2 (1992): 131–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5956/jriet.21.131.

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30

Diab, Mahmud, Karam Shreteh, Noa Afik, Michael Volokh, Sigal Abramovich, Uri Abdu, and Taleb Mokari. "Design of Hierarchal 3D Metal Oxide Structures for Water Oxidation and Purification." Advanced Sustainable Systems 2, no. 4 (February 20, 2018): 1800001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adsu.201800001.

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31

Toui, Syuji. "The Oxidation of Manganese and Disinfection By Ozonation in Water Purification Processing." Ozone: Science & Engineering 13, no. 6 (December 1991): 623–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01919512.1991.10555706.

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32

Pei, Dan-Ni, Chang Liu, Ai-Yong Zhang, Xiao-Qiang Pan, and Han-Qing Yu. "In situ organic Fenton-like catalysis triggered by anodic polymeric intermediates for electrochemical water purification." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 49 (November 23, 2020): 30966–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2005035117.

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Organic Fenton-like catalysis has been recently developed for water purification, but redox-active compounds have to be ex situ added as oxidant activators, causing secondary pollution problem. Electrochemical oxidation is widely used for pollutant degradation, but suffers from severe electrode fouling caused by high-resistance polymeric intermediates. Herein, we develop an in situ organic Fenton-like catalysis by using the redox-active polymeric intermediates, e.g., benzoquinone, hydroquinone, and quinhydrone, generated in electrochemical pollutant oxidation as H2O2activators. By taking phenol as a target pollutant, we demonstrate that the in situ organic Fenton-like catalysis not only improves pollutant degradation, but also refreshes working electrode with a better catalytic stability. Both1O2nonradical and ·OH radical are generated in the anodic phenol conversion in the in situ organic Fenton-like catalysis. Our findings might provide a new opportunity to develop a simple, efficient, and cost-effective strategy for electrochemical water purification.

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33

Rasalingam, Shivatharsiny, Rui Peng, and Ranjit T. Koodali. "Removal of Hazardous Pollutants from Wastewaters: Applications of TiO2-SiO2Mixed Oxide Materials." Journal of Nanomaterials 2014 (2014): 1–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/617405.

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The direct release of untreated wastewaters from various industries and households results in the release of toxic pollutants to the aquatic environment. Advanced oxidation processes (AOP) have gained wide attention owing to the prospect of complete mineralization of nonbiodegradable organic substances to environmentally innocuous products by chemical oxidation. In particular, heterogeneous photocatalysis has been demonstrated to have tremendous promise in water purification and treatment of several pollutant materials that include naturally occurring toxins, pesticides, and other deleterious contaminants. In this work, we have reviewed the different removal techniques that have been employed for water purification. In particular, the application of TiO2-SiO2binary mixed oxide materials for wastewater treatment is explained herein, and it is evident from the literature survey that these mixed oxide materials have enhanced abilities to remove a wide variety of pollutants.

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34

Verenich, S., A. Laari, M. Nissen, and J. Kallas. "Combination of coagulation and catalytic wet oxidation for the treatment of pulp and paper mill effluents." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 5 (September 1, 2001): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0273.

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Wet oxidation (WO) is a well established process for purification of concentrated municipal and industrial wastewaters. Many attempts have been made to modify the WO process or to create a suitable combination of processes. This work was undertaken to investigate wet oxidation integrated with coagulation, i.e. to treat the sludge remaining after coagulation with a WO process. The possibility of regeneration of the used coagulant was also considered. Two waters from paper mills were used: TMP (thermomechanical pulp) circulation water and membrane concentrate. About 50% of the COD in the original water can be removed by coagulation using Fe2(SO4)3. The results from the wet oxidation experiments show the positive effect of iron in the chemical sludge as a catalyst. The efficiency of the WO process was enhanced almost by 100%. The remaining dissolved organic matter can be easily removed biologically.

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35

Liu, Mingxin, Haining Wang, Huiying Zeng, and Chao-Jun Li. "Silver(I) as a widely applicable, homogeneous catalyst for aerobic oxidation of aldehydes toward carboxylic acids in water—“silver mirror”: From stoichiometric to catalytic." Science Advances 1, no. 2 (March 2015): e1500020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500020.

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The first example of a homogeneous silver(I)-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of aldehydes in water is reported. More than 50 examples of different aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes, including natural products, were tested, and all of them successfully underwent aerobic oxidation to give the corresponding carboxylic acids in extremely high yields. The reaction conditions are very mild and greener, requiring only a very low silver(I) catalyst loading, using atmospheric oxygen as the oxidant and water as the solvent, and allowing gram-scale oxidation with only 2 mg of our catalyst. Chromatography is completely unnecessary for purification in most cases.

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Govorova, Zhanna, Galina Gorenko, Uliana Rudich, and Vadim Govorov. "Evaluation of barrier functions of traditional water supply facilities in relation to toxic trihalomethanes." MATEC Web of Conferences 251 (2018): 03032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201825103032.

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The problem of formation of the toxic carcinogenic substances in the process of the water treatment during disinfection of natural waters containing organic pollution is actual both in Russia and in foreign countries. There is an information about the negative effects of trihalomethanes (THM) on the human organism. The examples shows that, the concentration of trihalomethanes in the drinking water exceeds the standards several times in water treatment according to the traditional technology with the use of chlorine. The aim of the work was to study the dynamics of THM changes in the stages of purification in the comparison with the water quality, the reagent treatment modes and technological parameters to assess the barrier role of existing water supply stations. It was found that the standard degree of the purification achieves with chromaticity, turbidity, permanganate oxidation, bacteriological parameters. At the same time, the prechlorination of water with a temperature of 1 ° C and a chromaticity of 67-71 °C leads to the formation of chloroform in the amount of 40-61 µg/l, and postchlorination at the final stage of the full cycle contributes to an increase in the concentration to 192-215 µg/l. The new data were the basis for the development of the improved water purification technology and measures for the modernization of the water supply stations.

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Hofman-Caris, C. H. M., P. S. Bäuerlein, W. G. Siegers, J. Ziaie, H. H. Tolkamp, and P. de Voogt. "Affinity adsorption for the removal of organic micropollutants in drinking water sources; proof of principle." Water Supply 15, no. 6 (June 17, 2015): 1207–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2015.084.

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Sources for drinking water (DW) production contain increasing concentrations of organic micropollutants, such as pesticides and pharmaceuticals. Traditional purification processes are not suitable for their removal or conversion, but even sophisticated technologies, like advanced oxidation processes and membrane filtration, are not able to efficiently remove all compounds from DW. For recalcitrant compounds, affinity adsorption, based on a specific interaction of the adsorbent surface with functional groups in the compounds' molecular structure, may be an effective alternative or addition. It can either be applied as a polishing step in DW purification or for removal of compounds directly at the source.

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Arakcheev, Evgeny N., V. E. Brunman, M. V. Brunman, A. V. Konyashin, V. A. Dyachenko, and A. P. Petkova. "Complex technology for water and wastewater disinfection and its industrial realization in prototype unit." Hygiene and sanitation 96, no. 2 (March 27, 2019): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-2-137-143.

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Usage of complex automated electrolysis unit for drinking water disinfection and wastewater oxidation and coagulation is scoped, its ecological and energy efficiency is shown. Properties of technological process of anolyte production using membrane electrolysis of brine for water disinfection in municipal pipelines and potassium ferrate production using electrochemical dissolution of iron anode in NaOH solution for usage in purification plants are listed. Construction of modules of industrial prototype for anolyte and ferrate production and applied aspects of automation of complex electrolysis unit are proved. Results of approbation of electrolytic potassium ferrate for drinking water disinfection and wastewater, rain water and environmental water oxidation and coagulation are shown.

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Bashynska, Iryna. "Production Implementation of Sodium Permanganate (Carusol) for Improving the Quality of Drinking Water at the Treatment Facilities of the “Zhyto-myrvodokanal” Utility Company." Path of Science 6, no. 11 (November 30, 2020): 4001–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22178/pos.64-8.

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The article presents the results of the research, obtained during the production of a new reagent - sodium permanganate oxidant (Carusol trademark) in the technology of water treatment at the treatment plant of the «Zhytomyrvodokanal» utility company. The purpose of this work is to determine the effectiveness of removal from the composition of tap water of such pollutants as permanganate oxidation, manganese, phytoplankton, and especially chloroform and improve its quality by organoleptic parameters. This experiment was conducted in summer to determine the technological and environmental efficiency of the reagent at high water temperatures, because it is in summer that the water supply source in Zhytomyr is characterized by the increased levels of organic pollution, which causes excessive concentration of chloroform, high concentration of manganese and phytoplankton. The production experiment showed that the efficiency of water purification with Carusol reagent in the warm period of the year at increased water temperatures in terms of chromaticity is quite high; according to the oxidation index of permanganate, although it is not sufficient for the normative quality of drinking water and requires the use of additional activated carbon for more thorough removal of organic pollution; there is a high technological and environmental efficiency of purification of drinking water from chloroform, in some experimental days the efficiency was up to 60-70%; oxidation of manganese occurred by 60-90%; removal of phytoplankton with the reagent was characterized by high efficiency and was at the level of 90% or more.

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Zhang, Yue, Xinhua Zhao, Xinbo Zhang, and Sen Peng. "A review of different drinking water treatments for natural organic matter removal." Water Supply 15, no. 3 (January 23, 2015): 442–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2015.011.

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In the past decades, natural organic matter (NOM), which is a complex heterogeneous mixture of organic materials that are commonly present in all surface, ground and soil waters, has had an adverse effect on drinking water treatment. The existence of NOM results in many problems in drinking water treatment processes, and the properties and amount of NOM can significantly affect the efficiency of these processes. NOM not only influences the water quality with respect to taste, color and odor problems, but it also reacts with disinfectants, increasing the amount of disinfection by-products. NOM can be removed from drinking water via several treatment processes, but different drinking water treatment processes have diverse influences on NOM removal and the safety of the drinking water. Several treatment options, including coagulation, adsorption, oxidation, membrane and biological treatment, have been widely used in drinking water purification processes. Therefore, it is of great importance to be able to study the influence of different treatment processes on NOM in raw waters. The present review focuses on the methods, including coagulation, adsorption, oxidation, membrane, biological treatment processes and the combination of different treatment processes, which are used for removing NOM from drinking water.

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Wang, Chuan, Hong Liu, and Yanzhen Qu. "TiO2-Based Photocatalytic Process for Purification of Polluted Water: Bridging Fundamentals to Applications." Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/319637.

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Recent years have witnessed a rapid accumulation of investigations on TiO2-based photocatalysis, which poses as a greatly promising advanced oxidation technology for water purification. As the ability of this advanced oxidation process is well demonstrated in lab and pilot scales to decompose numerous recalcitrant organic compounds and microorganism as well in water, further overpass of the hurdles that stand before the real application has become increasingly important. This review focuses on the fundamentals that govern the actual water purification process, including the fabrication of engineered TiO2-based photocatalysts, process optimization, reactor design, and economic consideration. The state of the art of photocatalyst preparation, strategies for process optimization, and reactor design determines the enhanced separation of photo-excited electron-hole (e-h) pairs on the TiO2surface. For the process optimization, the kinetic analysis including the rate-determining steps is in need. For large-scale application of the TiO2-based photocatalysis, economics is vital to balance the fundamentals and the applied factors. The fundamentals in this review are addressed from the perspective of a bridge to the real applications. This review would bring valuably alternative paradigm to the scientists and engineers for their associated research and development activities with an attempt to push the TiO2-based photocatalysis towards industrially feasible applications.

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Kumar, Ravi, S. J. Yoon, K. G. Lee, Prabir Pal, R. P. Pant, C. K. Suman, S. R. Dhakate, Raj Kumar, Devesh K. Avasthi, and Dilip K. Singh. "Purification method dependent fluorescence from nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers of nano-diamonds." RSC Advances 6, no. 52 (2016): 47164–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra01510g.

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Nanodiamonds purified through acid reflux and air oxidation methods shows difference in their water dispersibility, particle shape and fluorescence intensity deciding their selective preference for biophotonic and nanophotonic applications.

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Monte, Manuel, Guillermo Munuera, Dominique Costa, José C. Conesa, and Arturo Martínez-Arias. "Near-ambient XPS characterization of interfacial copper species in ceria-supported copper catalysts." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 44 (2015): 29995–30004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp04354a.

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Catalysts based on combinations of copper and cerium oxides are interesting alternatives to noble metal ones for processes involved in the production/purification of hydrogen produced from hydrocarbons or biomass like the water–gas shift or the preferential oxidation of CO reactions.

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Yernazarova, Gulzina, Zhanat Bukharbayeva, Bolatbek Zayadan, Svetlana Turasheva, and Gulnur Omarova. "Development of technology for biological treatment of oily wastewater with а consortium of microorganisms, microalgae and aquatic plants." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series” 102, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2021bmg2/30-36.

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The article describes the diversity of oil products that are the main sources of wastewater pollution. The dissolved or liquefied oil forms a floating layer on the water surface. The large emissions of different crude oil sources and household waste into the environment cause great damage to wildlife. It is evident that many types of oil sources are carcinogens. The article provides information on emissions of toxic compounds of industrial enterprises into the atmosphere and their adverse effects, including on human health because toxic compounds can cause many diseases. The methods of biotechnological treatment by mechanical, physicochemical and biological purification of water sources contaminated with oil waste are discussed. In particular, the importance of biological purification, petroleum technology, and microbiological purification and nanotechnological methods of water purification has been widely examined. The article contains information on water purification method using microalgae, biological filters, and wastewater treatment through aerotanks. Methods to purify phenolic compounds from wastewater such as adsorption, ion exchange, liquid-liquid extraction, chemical oxidation, electrochemical methods, solvent extraction, precipitation and biodegradation are considered. The role of some economically efficient and promising methods of bioremediation to eliminate and neutralize petroleum hydrocarbons and some pollutants in removing phenolic compounds is analysed.

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Torrey, Jessica D., Jason P. Killgore, Nicholas M. Bedford, and Lauren F. Greenlee. "Oxidation behavior of zero-valent iron nanoparticles in mixed matrix water purification membranes." Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 1, no. 2 (2015): 146–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ew00068d.

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Matthews, Ralph W. "Solar-electric water purification using photocatalytic oxidation with TiO2 as a stationary phase." Solar Energy 38, no. 6 (1987): 405–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-092x(87)90021-1.

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Huang, Bingkun, Zelin Wu, Hongyu Zhou, Jiayi Li, Chenying Zhou, Zhaokun Xiong, Zhicheng Pan, Gang Yao, and Bo Lai. "Recent advances in single-atom catalysts for advanced oxidation processes in water purification." Journal of Hazardous Materials 412 (June 2021): 125253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125253.

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48

Muff, J., and E. G. Søgaard. "Electrochemical degradation of PAH compounds in process water: a kinetic study on model solutions and a proof of concept study on runoff water from harbour sediment purification." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 8 (April 1, 2010): 2043–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.129.

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The present study has investigated the possibility to apply electrochemical oxidation in the treatment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) pollutants in water. The reaction kinetics of naphthalene, fluoranthene, and pyrene oxidation have been studied in a batch recirculation experimental setup applying a commercial one-compartment cell of tubular design with Ti/Pt90-Ir10 anode. The rate of oxidation has been evaluated upon variations in current density, electrolyte composition and concentration. All three PAHs were degraded by direct anodic oxidation in 0.10 M Na2SO4 electrolyte, and the removal rates were significantly enhanced by a factor of two to six in 0.10 M NaCl due to contribution from the indirect hypochlorite oxidation. Second order reaction kinetics was observed for the degradation of naphthalene in all electrolytes whereas fluoranthene and pyrene followed first order kinetics. Decreased current densities from 200 to 15 mA cm−2 in the NaCl electrolyte also decreased the removal rates, but significantly enhanced the current efficiencies of the PAH oxidation, based on a defined current efficiency constant, kq. This observation is believed to be due to the suppression of the water oxidation side reaction at lower applied voltages. A proof of concept study in real polluted water demonstrated the applicability of the electrochemical oxidation technique for larger scale use, where especially the indirect chloride mediated oxidation approach was a promising technique. However, the risk and extent of by-product formation needs to be studied in greater detail.

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Kelemen, Orsolya, Andrea Izbékiné Szabolcsik, and Ildikó Bodnár. "Investigation of Household Laundry Water as an Alternative Water Source." Műszaki Tudományos Közlemények 13, no. 1 (October 1, 2020): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.33894/mtk-2020.13.15.

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Abstract The goal of our research is to study the potential treatment options for the relatively contaminated greywater fraction from washing, in order to use this fraction as an alternative water source. During the research to compare the purification efficiency of different greywater treatment solutions we have created a constant composition synthetic laundry greywater, based on tap water, which represents the real laundry water in the terms of quality. As greywater treatment solutions, in terms of physical pre-treatment procedure we used a sand filtering method, and in terms of chemical processes we used coagulation and oxidation. Based on treatment efficiencies, we can say that the treatment procedures can achieve significant quality improvements, but none of the methods can achieve the required cleaning efficiency by itself. In order to reach the optimum quality parameters, the use of combined methods is required.

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Leonard, Alex, Stephanie Castle, G. S. Burr, Todd Lange, and Jim Thomas. "A Wet Oxidation Method for AMS Radiocarbon Analysis of Dissolved Organic Carbon in Water." Radiocarbon 55, no. 2 (2013): 545–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200057672.

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We present a method for the extraction of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from water. The method is adapted from Burr et al. (2001) using the basic steps: 1) sample filtration; 2) acidification to liberate and remove dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC); 3) evaporation of the sample to isolate salts that include trace quantities of carbon; 4) combustion of the salts; and 5) purification of the CO2. Two significant improvements have been made to the earlier method. The first is to use wet oxidation with potassium permanganate to oxidize organics in place of the combustion step and the second is the development of a reduction/oxidation purification procedure to remove sulfur and nitrogen oxides that may form during the oxidation step. Wet oxidation has a practical advantage over the previous method because it proceeds at low temperature (70 °C). The original method required quartz vessels to oxidize the salts at 900 °C. At this temperature, salts in the samples formed gases that interfered with the isolation of CO2 and the quartz vessels degraded with each combustion, affecting their structural integrity. The expensive quartz vessels could only be used for a limited number of samples, whereas Pyrex vessels used for wet oxidation are inexpensive and can be used indefinitely.The blank fraction modern carbon (f) and its mass dependence for the refined technique was determined from repeat analyses of salicylic acid produced from petrochemicals. For samples with a mass m above 0.5 mg, F = 0.0083 ± 0.0011. For samples below 0.5 mg, the blank follows a 1/m dependence as observed for other accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C measurements (Donahue et al. 1990). The reproducibility of the method is demonstrated using repeat measurements from a variety of samples, including a sample measured with the former high-temperature 900 °C combustion technique. The virtues of the wet oxidation method are that it is economical, produces a low blank, and provides good reproducibility.

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