Relevant bibliographies by topics / Water planes

Academic literature on the topic 'Water planes'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Water planes"

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Zubeltzu, Jon, and Emilio Artacho. "Simulations of water nano-confined between corrugated planes." Journal of Chemical Physics 147, no. 19 (November 21, 2017): 194509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5011468.

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Yu, Gang, Keeva Vozoff, and David W. Durney. "The influence of confining pressure and water saturation on dynamic elastic properties of some Permian coals." GEOPHYSICS 58, no. 1 (January 1993): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443349.

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Laboratory measurements are described on Permian coals from Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia related to the dependence of ultrasonic P‐ and S‐wave velocities, attenuation, anisotropy and the dynamic elastic moduli on confining pressure, water saturation, and pore pressure. Five independent stiffness constants are used to represent the elastic anisotropy of the specimens as a function of confining pressure and water saturation. The anisotropy is believed to be controlled mainly by the internal structure of the coals, while the pressure dependence of the constants is controlled mainly by randomly oriented cracks. P‐ and S‐wave dispersions were measured on water‐saturated specimens as confining pressures increased from 2 MPa to 40 MPa. The samples represented cores taken both parallel and perpendicular to bedding planes. Velocities along bedding planes are marginally higher than those across bedding planes. This anisotropy is insensitive to confining pressure. Attenuation was also measured, both normal and parallel to bedding planes, on dry and water‐saturated specimens from 2 MPa to 40 MPa confining pressures. The experimental results show that dynamic elastic properties are potential indicators of the states of stress and saturation in coal seams, and provide necessary information for computer modeling and interpreting seismic surveys carried out to assist mine development.
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Mikyoung Hur, Vera. "Symmetry of steady periodic water waves with vorticity." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 365, no. 1858 (March 13, 2007): 2203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2007.2002.

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The symmetry and monotonicity properties of steady periodic gravity water waves are established for arbitrary vorticities if the wave profile is monotone near the trough and every streamline attains a minimum below the trough. The proof uses the method of moving planes.
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Pérez Blanco, Carlos Dionisio, Carlos Mario Gómez Gómez, and Alberto Del Villar García. "El riesgo de disponibilidad de agua en la agricultura: una aplicación a las cuencas del Guadalquivir y del Segura." Studies of Applied Economics 29, no. 1 (October 4, 2020): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/eea.v29i1.3942.

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Agriculture is a key sector in rural economics. In some Southern Regions of Spain capable of developing a competitive irrigation sector, agriculture is a powerful means towards development. This is the case of many comarcas of Guadalquivir and Segura River Basins, which however face a growing water scarcity and drought risk. To respond these problems in an effective manner, a series of Planes de Sequía have been approved in order to give a planned and strategic response. This paper focuses on expected impact of new decision rules established in the Planes de Sequía (which were passed without any previous economic impact analysis) and assess whether or not they contribute to irrigation sustainability and thus regional and rural economics development. This paper develops a stochastic model to assess economic loss derived from Planes de Sequía implementation over irrigated agriculture. Conclusions show that Planes de Sequía do not warrantee irrigation sustainability and priority uses water supply.
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Smith, Graham, Andy W. Hartono, Urs D. Wermuth, Peter C. Healy, Jonathan M. White, and A. David Rae. "5-Nitrosalicylic Acid and its Proton-Transfer Compounds with Aliphatic Lewis Bases." Australian Journal of Chemistry 58, no. 1 (2005): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch04144.

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The crystal structures of the proton-transfer compounds of 5-nitrosalicylic acid (5-nsa) with morpholine (morph), hexamethylenetetramine (hmt), and ethylenediamine (en) have been determined and their solid-state packing structures described. The compounds are [(morph)+(5-nsa)–] 1, [(hmt)+(5-nsa)–·H2O] 2, and [(en)2+2(5-nsa)–·H2O] 3. In all compounds, protonation of the hetero-nitrogen of the Lewis base occurs. With 1, the 5-nsa anions and the morpholine cations lie, respectively, in or across crystallographic mirror planes and are linked within the planes by hydrogen-bonding interactions through the aminium group and the carboxylic and phenolic oxygens of the anionic 5-nsa species giving a two-dimensional sheet polymer. Compound 2 is an unusual structure with the planar 5-nsa anions lying within pseudo mirror planes and cyclically linked by duplex water bridges through a single carboxylate oxygen into centrosymmetric dimers. The hmt cation molecules are disordered across the pseudo mirror and are strongly linked by N+–H···O hydrogen bonds only to the water molecules with peripheral weak hmt C–H···O hydrogen bonds extending the dimer within and between the dimer planes. Compound 3 is a network polymer comprised of the 5-nsa anions, the en dianions, and the water molecule in an extensive hydrogen-bonded structure.
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Kääb, Andreas, Bas Altena, and Joseph Mascaro. "River-ice and water velocities using the Planet optical cubesat constellation." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 23, no. 10 (October 22, 2019): 4233–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4233-2019.

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Abstract. The PlanetScope constellation consists of ∼150 optical cubesats that are evenly distributed like strings of pearls on two orbital planes, scanning the Earth's land surface once per day with an approximate spatial image resolution of 3 m. Subsequent cubesats on each of the orbital planes image the Earth surface with a nominal time lag of approximately 90 s between them, which produces near-simultaneous image pairs over the across-track overlaps of the cubesat swaths. We exploit this short time lag between subsequent Planet cubesat images to track river ice floes on northern rivers as indicators of water surface velocities. The method is demonstrated for a 60 km long reach of the Amur River in Siberia, and a 200 km long reach of the Yukon River in Alaska. The accuracy of the estimated horizontal surface velocities is of the order of ±0.01 m s−1. The application of our approach is complicated by cloud cover and low sun angles at high latitudes during the periods where rivers typically carry ice floes, and by the fact that the near-simultaneous swath overlaps, by design, do not cover the complete Earth surface. Still, the approach enables direct remote sensing of river surface velocities for numerous cold-region rivers at a number of locations and occasionally several times per year – which is much more frequent and over much larger areas than currently feasible. We find that freeze-up conditions seem to offer ice floes that are generally more suitable for tracking, and over longer time periods, compared with typical ice break-up conditions. The coverage of river velocities obtained could be particularly useful in combination with satellite measurements of river area, and river surface height and slope.
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Nagy, Laszlo, Keisuke Ishii, Ayse Karatas, Hu Shen, Janos Vajda, Mika Niemelä, Juha Jääskeläinen, Juha Hernesniemi, and Szabolcs Toth. "Water dissection technique of Toth for opening neurosurgical cleavage planes." Surgical Neurology 65, no. 1 (January 2006): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surneu.2005.08.025.

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Mohammadian, E., SE Ghasemi, H. Poorgashti, M. Hosseini, and DD Ganji. "Thermal investigation of Cu–water nanofluid between two vertical planes." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 229, no. 1 (March 28, 2014): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954408913509089.

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Wen, Guanping, Jianhua Hu, Yabin Wu, Zong-Xian Zhang, Xiao Xu, and Rui Xiang. "Mechanical Properties and Failure Behavior of Dry and Water-Saturated Foliated Phyllite under Uniaxial Compression." Materials 15, no. 24 (December 15, 2022): 8962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15248962.

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Phyllite is widely distributed in nature, and it deserves to be studied considering rock engineering applications. In this study, uniaxial compression tests were conducted on foliated phyllite with different foliation angles under dry and water-saturated conditions. The impacts of water content and foliation angle on the stress–strain curves and basic mechanical properties of the Phyllite were analyzed. The experimental results indicate that the peak stress and peak strain decrease first and then increase with increasing foliation angle as a U-shape or V-shape, and the phyllite specimens are weakened significantly by the presence of water. Moreover, an approach with acoustic emission, digital image correlation, and scanning electron microscopic is employed to observe and analyze the macroscopic and mesoscopic failure process. The results show that tensile microcracks dominate during the progressive failure of phyllite, and their initiation, propagation, and coalescence are the main reasons for the failure of the phyllite specimens. The water acts on biotite and clay minerals that are main components of phyllite, and it contributes to the initiation, propagation, and coalescence of numerous microcracks. Finally, four failure modes are classified as followed: (a) for the specimens with small foliation angles α = 0° or 30° (Saturated), both shear sliding and tensile-split across the foliation planes; (b) for the specimens with low to medium foliation angles α = 30° (Dry) or 45°(Saturated), shear sliding dominates the foliation planes; (c) for the specimens with medium to high foliation angles α = 45° (Dry) or 60°, shear sliding dominates the foliation planes; (d) for the specimens with high foliation angles α = 90°, tensile-split dominates the foliation planes.
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Sylla-Gueye, Rokhaya, Ibrahima Elhadji Thiam, James Orton, Simon Coles, and Mohamed Gaye. "Crystal structure of N′-[4-(dimethylamino)benzylidene]furan-2-carbohydrazide monohydrate." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 76, no. 5 (April 9, 2020): 660–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s205698902000465x.

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The condensation of 2-furoic hydrazide and 4-dimethyl aminobenzaldehyde in ethanol yielded a yellow solid formulated as the title compound, C14H15N3O2·H2O. The crystal packing is stabilized by intermolecular O(water)—H...O,N(carbohydrazide) and N—H...O(water) hydrogen bonds, which form a two-dimensional network along the bc plane. Additional C—H...O interactions link the molecules into a three-dimensional network. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the benzene and the furan ring is 34.47 (6)°. The carbohydrazide moiety, i.e., the C=N—N—C=O fragment and the benzene ring are almost coplanar, with an angle of 6.75 (9)° between their mean planes.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Water planes"

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Turse, Carol Louise. "Testing the hydrogen peroxide-water hypothesis of life on Mars using the differential scanning calorimeter as an analog for the TEGA instrument on the Mars Phoenix lander." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2009/c_turse_072309.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in environmental science)--Washington State University, August 2009.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on Sept. 22, 2009). "School of Earth and Environmental Sciences." Includes bibliographical references (p. 92-97).
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Nyirenda, Michael. "Open Waters - Digital Twins With use of Open Data and Shared Design for Swedish Water Treatment Plants." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-281703.

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Digital twins (DTs) are digital copies of a physical system that incorporates the system environment, interactions, etc. to mirror the system accurately in real time. As effective decision support systems (DSS) in complex multivariate situations, DTs could be the next step in the digitalization of water management. This study is done in cooperation with the Open Waters project group at the Swedish environmental research institute (IVL). The aim of the project group is to investigate the possibility to realize DTs with the use of open data (OD), and shared design (SD), in Swedish water management while also promoting ecosystems for innovation in virtual environments. This study will aid the project group by bridging the gap between project stakeholders and water managers. A DSS developed by IVL for automatic dosage of coagulants in water treatment which is based on the same industry 4.0 technology as DTs will be evaluated as a possible starting point for DTs, OD, and SD. In depth interviews were held with representatives from water management, and experts in DTs, OD, and SD. This was to identify key opportunities and threats, and to understand water managers perception and opinion of the project. This is complimented by a brief review of Swedish water management, and the international state of DTs. There were 4 main opportunities and threats. Challenges and goals are very similar between different WTPs    Water managers are already collaborating to reach common goals    WTPs are unique in terms of treatment steps and composition/properties of raw water WTPs are objects of national security which raises questions regarding safety when digitalization is discussed.
Digitala tvillingar (DT) är digitala kopior av fysiska system som inkluderar systemets miljö, interaktioner, etc. för att noggrant spegla systemet i realtid. Som effektiva beslutsunderlag i komplexa, multivariabla situationer har DT fått uppmärksamhet inom vattensektorn och kan vara nästa steg i industrins digitalisering. Denna studie utförs i samarbete med svenska miljöinstitutets (IVLs) projektgrupp Open Waters. Syftet är att utforska möjligheten att förverkliga DT med hjälp av öppna data (OD) och delad design (SD) i den svenska vattensektorn, samt att främja innovationsekosystem i virtuella miljöer. Målet med denna studie är att överbygga klyftan mellan projektgruppen och dess målgrupp. Till hjälp kommer den IVL utvecklade DOS-modellen för automatisk dosering av fällningskemikalier för vattenrening. Denna är baserad på samma industri 4.0 teknologi som DT och ses som en startpunkt för DT, OD, och SD. Djupintervjuer hölls med representanter inom vattensektorn, såväl som experter inom DT, OD, och SD. Målet med detta var att identifiera centrala möjligheter och hot för projektet, samt för att förstå vattensektorns bild och åsikt av DT. Detta kompletteras med en övergripande genomgång av den svenska vattensektorn, och DT. 4 huvudsakliga möjligheter och hot identifierades.    Utmaningar och mål är väldigt lika mellan olika vattenverk    Det sker redan samarbeten i vattensektorn när gemensamma mål identifieras    Vattenverk är unika i förhållande till reningssteg och råvatten Vattenverk är skyddsobjekt vilket höjer frågor gällande informationssäkerhet när digitalisering diskuteras.
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Rutberg, Michael J. (Michael Jacob). "Modeling water use at thermoelectric power plants." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74674.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2012.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 74-77).
The withdrawal and consumption of water at thermoelectric power plants affects regional ecology and supply security of both water and electricity. The existing field data on US power plant water use, however, is of limited granularity and poor quality, hampering efforts to track industry trends and project future scenarios. Furthermore, there is a need for a common quantitative framework on which to evaluate the effects of various technologies on water use at power plants. To address these deficiencies, Part 1 of this thesis develops an analytical system-level generic model (SGEM) of water use at power plants. The S-GEM applies to fossil, nuclear, geothermal and solar thermal plants, using either steam or combined cycles, and outputs water withdrawal and consumption intensity, in liters per megawatt-hour. Two validations of the S-GEM are presented, one against data from the literature for a variety of generation types, the other against field data from coal plants in South Africa. Part 2 of the thesis then focuses on cooling systems, by far the largest consumers of water in most power plants. The water consumption of different cooling systems is placed on a common quantitative basis, enabling direct comparison of water consumption between cooling system types, and examination of the factors that affect water consumption within each cooling system type. The various cost, performance, and environmental impact tradeoffs associated with once-through, pond, wet tower, dry, and hybrid cooling technologies are qualitatively reviewed. Part 3 examines cooling of concentrating solar power (CSP) plants, which presents particular problems: the plants generate high waste heat loads, are usually located in water-scarce areas, and are typically on the margin of economic viability. A case study is conducted to explore the use of indirect dry cooling with cold-side thermal energy storage, in which cooling water is chilled and stored at night, when ambient temperatures are lower and the plant is inactive, and then used the following day. This approach is shown to hold promise for reducing the capital, operational, and performance costs of dry cooling for CSP.
by Michael J. Rutberg.
S.M.
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Miranda, Casey R. "Effects of Recycled Water On Landscape Plants." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2010. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/354.

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ABSTRACT EFFECTS OF RECYCLED WATER ON LANDSCAPE PLANTS Casey Ray Miranda Recycled water is water that has been previously used, has suffered a loss of quality, and has been properly treated for redistribution (Wu et al. 2001). The use of recycled water as an alternative to fresh water in the landscape can have positive and negative effects. Experimentation on 40 different plant species during a 32 week period (2 phases of 16 weeks), was conducted to analyze the effects of recycled water irrigation on the appearance of landscape plants. Each species of plant was planted into 10 individual number 2 pots and irrigated with recycled water daily. Media and water were tested for nutrients and other constituents. In phase I there were four different species of grasses and grass-like plants, five different perennials, five species of shrubs, and four annuals tested; while phase II tested four species of herbaceous perennials, eight different species of shrubs, six species of groundcovers, and four species of annuals. All tests were conducted at the Paso Robles Waste Water Treatment Plant. Of the grasses and grass like species Yucca spp. and Buchloe spp. performed best. Osteospermum fruticosum, Lavandula angustifolia, Rosmarinus officinalis, Phormium tenax, and Pennisetum setaceum had the best appearance of the herbaceous perennials tested. For the shrubs, Coprosma repens, Cistus purpureus, Dodonea viscosa, Eleagnus pungens, Baccharis pilularis, Ceanothus thysiflorus, Thuja orientalis, and Nerium oleander had the best appearance when irrigated with recycled water. The best annuals were Senecio cineraria, Antirrhinum majus, Primula spp., Viola spp., and Calendula officinalis. Of the groundcovers Heuchera spp., Lonicera japonica, Vinca major, Hedera helix, and Ceanothus griseus had the best results. From the experiment a list of tolerant and non-tolerant plants was compiled (Appendices 1 and 2). While many plants were capable of developing and growing normally, other plants were sensitive to recycled water irrigation. In order to prevent salt damage to plants and expand the use of recycled water, salt tolerance of landscape plant material must be identified (Niu et.al, 2006).
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Momba, MNB, CL Obi, and P. Thompson. "Survey of disinfection efficiency of small drinking water treatment plants: Challenges facing small water treatment plants in South Africa." Water SA, 2008. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001759.

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Abstract A survey involving 181 water treatment plants across 7 provinces of South Africa: Mpumalanga, Limpopo, North West, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape and Western Cape was undertaken to identify the challenges facing small water treatment plants (SWTPs) in South Africa . Information gathered included ownership and design capacity of the plants, water sources, and various methods of disinfection, equipment currently employed and performance of the treatment plants. In general, the majority (over 80%) of the SWTPs surveyed in the designated provinces were owned by the district municipalities. The designed capacities of these plants varied between 1 and 60 Mℓ/d; the smallest capacity was 100 m3/d and the largest 120 Mℓ/d. The small water treatment plants abstracted their raw water from either surface or groundwater or a combination of both water sources with greater preponderance for surface water sources (over 86%). Water treatment practices were noted to be the conventional types mainly coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection. Two types of coagulants namely polyelectrolyte (66%) and alum (18%) were commonly used by the water treatment plants across the provinces studied. Rapid gravity filtration, pressure filter and slow sand filtration systems accounted for 60%, 23% and 9% of the filtration systems across the provinces, respectively. The predominant types of disinfectants employed were chlorine gas (69%) followed by sodium (15%) and calcium (14%) hypochlorite. Over 50% of the various SWTPs did not comply with the SANS 241 Class I (< 1 NTU) and Class II (1 to 5 NTU) recommended turbidity values. The recommended target range of 0.3 to 0.6 mg/ℓ free chlorine residual concentrations at the point of use was not always met by 40% of the plants. Seventy percent of the SWTPs complied with the SANS 241 criteria of microbiological safety of drinking water vis-à-vis total and faecal coliforms. Operational problems affecting the efficiency of small water treatment plants included: inability to appropriately determine the flow rate, chemical dosage and turbidity, lack of chlorine residual at the point of use and lack of water quality monitoring. To produce safe drinking water, appropriate operational practices must be implemented in all small water treatment plants.
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Nordgren, Lars. "Simulations of water delivery to the inner planets." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för fysik och astronomi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-211217.

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It is generally assumed that the temperature in the inner part of the primordial nebula was too high to form and agglomerate ice bodies. Yet, water is present in most of the terrestrial planets of our solar system. To investigate the reason for this we concentrate on comets as a potential water deliverer to the inner planets. The data for this work is taken from 3D simulations of comet trajectories inside a gas-dust disk with embedded planet embryos. We have developed a MATLAB code that could read data files from these simulations containing orbital elements of the comets and planetary embryos. Comets experience inward migration due to friction with the remains of the disk. We study comets of four different sizes.      We find that smaller comets migrate faster and therefore spend less time in the inner solar system. Smaller comets are numerous and are therefore destroyed in greater numbers than the larger comets. Larger comets on the other hand slow their migration and spending much more time among inner planets they are more massive and produce more massive collisions with the inner planets than the smaller comets. Therefore are larger comets a more promising source of water delivery to the inner planets. In Studying individual collisions we observe that a typical interaction involves regular close encounters with the same embryo during periods of 100000 years or more before the two orbits intersect. This also tells us that with a large number of comets expected at this stage of solar system evolution the collective effect of comets on low-mass planetary embryos may be significant.
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Parsons, N. F. "The interaction of water waves with thin plates." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508749.

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Daniels, Mark J. "Characterization of water channel proteins (Aquaporins) in plants /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9735273.

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Goldenetz, Jolie A. "Southwest Gardens: Matching Plants with Available Water Resources." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296683.

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Montaña, Guerra Montserrat. "Optimization of alpha emitter's determination in water. Behavior of radionuclides in water treatment plants." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/129458.

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La determinació de l’índex alfa total en aigües és d’interès per ser un dels paràmetres inclòs en la legislació nacional e internacional associada a la qualitat de l’aigua per al consum humà. Aquest índex informa de la concentració d’emissors alfa continguts en l’aigua referits a un patró emissor alfa. Concretament en el nostre país, el control de la qualitat de l’aigua està regulat pel Reial Decret 140/2003. La determinació de l’índex d’alfa total en aigües és un assaig aparentment senzill, però a conseqüència de la variabilitat isotòpica que pot presentar una aigua i els procediments utilitzats, es poden obtenir resultats molt diferents, inclús en ordres de magnitud. A més a més, en certs casos el valor de l’índex alfa total no concorda amb el valor obtingut al sumar les activitats dels emissors alfa determinats en la mostra d’aigua. Per tot això es considera necessari dur a terme un estudi experimental, en el qual es determinin tots els possibles factors que influeixin en la variabilitat dels resultats i realitzar un procediment suficientment detallat en el qual s’estableixi tant l’ interval de validació com les condicions més adequades d’utilització, de forma que es pugui garantir que el resultat que s’obté sigui el més representatiu possible i que aquesta variabilitat romanent es tingui en compte en la determinació de la incertesa associable al resultat. Per una altra banda, a causa de la gran importància de l’aigua i les cada cop més exigents disposicions legals en quant a la depuració d’aigües residuals i tractament d’aigua potable, la construcció d’estacions de tractaments han anat incrementant notablement en els últims anys en un gran nombre de països. Com a conseqüència, grans quantitats de residus sòlids o llots son generats cada any com a subproducte d’aquestes plantes de tractament, per als quals s’apliquen diferents alternatives d’aprofitament i eliminació. Durant els processos habituals de tractament per a l’obtenció d’aigua potable i de depuració d’aigua residual, els isòtops radioactius es poden distribuir en les diferents etapes dels cicles de tractament, com les resines d’intercanvi, carbó actiu, filtres, membranes, materials absorbents i finalment en els subproductes produïts (fangs o llots), on es pot concentrar-se un percentatge elevat d’isòtops radioactius. Les aigües més afectades per la radioactivitat natural son les aigües d’aqüífers subterranis, ja que els processos de circulació lenta afavoreixen la seva incorporació. Els isòtops presents generalment a les aigües són els isòtops naturals d’Urani i Radi, 210Pb, 210Po, 222Rn i el 40K. També existeix la possibilitat de contaminació amb isòtops d’origen artificial que provenen de la indústria nuclear i de les probes nuclears. Per tant es considera d’interès realitzar un estudi detallat de la distribució dels isòtops radioactius en les diferents fases dels processos de potabilització i depuració convencionals o amb nous mètodes i en els subproductes generats per tal de poder valorar el possible impacte radiològic associat a la potabilització i reutilització de les aigües i dels subproductes.
Gross alpha activity measurement is one of the simplest radioanalytical procedures which are widely applied as screening techniques in the fields of radioecology, environmental monitoring and industrial applications. It is used as the first step to perform a radiological characterization of drinking water. According to the WHO guidelines (2011), this screening parameter must be measured in drinking water to ensure that it is safe for consumption. Different methods are used to measure gross alpha activity. Two of them, the classic ones, are based on evaporation (EPA, 1980) or co-precipitation (EPA, 1984) of the sample, using either a gas proportional counter or a solid scintillator detector. Another alternative method based on concentration of the sample and measurement by liquid scintillation counting (ASTM, 1996), is being increasingly used. The gross alpha activity of a water sample is an estimate of the actual alpha activity of the water sample (excluding radon). However, it is usually considered that gross alpha activity must be very close to the sum of alpha emitter activities, though in general this is not the case. There are many other factors (e.g., alpha particle energies, calibration standard used, time elapsed from sample preparation to measurement and variability of the results between methods) that affect the gross alpha measurement causing major differences between the gross alpha activity values and the sum of the activities of the main alpha emitters. For this reason, we propose to conduct an eminently experimental study to determine most of the possible factors that may be involved in the above mentioned variability of the results. In addition, we intend to propose a detailed procedure on that basis to establish both their range of validity and the most suitable conditions for their use, thereby ensuring: (A) that the result obtained is the most representative of the sample's real total alpha activity; (B) that it is subject to the lowest technically possible variability; and (C) that this remaining variability is taken into account in determining the uncertainty associated with the result. In this context, we propose to study these aforementioned considerations using the co-precipitation method. Aditionally, given the problems with the scarcity and quality of water, the implementation of water treatment plants has been significantly increasing over the last years in several countries. Consequently, large quantities of solid wastes or sludge are generated every year which can be re-used for different applications. These solid wastes may contain all kind of pollutants, including significant levels of radioactivity. For these reasons, it is considered important studying the occurrence and behavior of radioactivity in water treatment plants. Although radioactivity in water treatment plants has been studied by some authors, we propose an original work analyzing the radioactive temporal evolution in different water treatment plants in which drinking and wastewater are treated. These plants have been selected taking into account both variations in water source and the treatment applied. This thesis contributes to these goals by analyzing the factors that affect the gross alpha measurement, involving an optimization and validation of the co-precipitation method and studying the behavior of radionuclides in water treatment plants. To this end, Part I provides a comprehensive analysis for the optimization and validation of the gross alpha activity determination using the co-precipitation method. Then, in Part II, we present a set of case studies related to the radionuclide behavior and the temporal evolution of the radioactivity in different drinking water and wastewater treatment plants.
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Books on the topic "Water planes"

1

Balsillie, James H. Open-ocean water level datum planes for monumented coasts of Florida. Tallahassee: Florida Geological Survey, 1998.

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Goodger, E. M. Transport fuels technology: From well to wheels, wings, and water. Norwich: Landfall Press, 2000.

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Chapelle, Frank. Assessment of intrinsic bioremediation of jet fuel contamination in a shallow aquifer, Beaufort, South Carolina. Columbia, S.C: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996.

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Chapelle, Frank. Assessment of intrinsic bioremediation of jet fuel contamination in a shallow aquifer, Beaufort, South Carolina. Columbia, S.C: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996.

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Balsillie, James H. Seasonal variation in sandy beach shoreline position and beach width ; and: Open-ocean water level datum planes : use and misuse in coastal applications. Tallahassee, Fla: Florida Geological Survey, c1999., 1999.

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Balsillie, James H. Seasonal variation in sandy beach shoreline position and beach width: And, Open-ocean water level datum planes : use and misuse in coastal applications. Tallahassee, Fla: Florida Geological Survey, Division of Resource Management, Dept. of Natural Resources, 1999.

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(Program), FOSS, Lawrence Hall of Science, and University of California Berkeley, eds. Water planet. Nashua, NH: Delta Education, 2009.

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Hoffmann, Stephen J., ed. Planet Water. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119198765.

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Fletcher, Ralph J. Water planet. Paramus, N.J: Arrowhead Books, 1991.

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Haslam, Sylvia. British water plants. Shrewsbury: FSC Publications, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Water planes"

1

Thorbeck, Dewey. "Water places." In Agricultural Landscapes, 132–91. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315142869-4.

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Hanslmeier, Arnold. "Water on Planets and Dwarf Planets." In Water in the Universe, 37–69. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9984-6_3.

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Schurer, K. "Water and Plants." In Advanced Agricultural Instrumentation, 429–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4404-6_15.

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Jeffrey, David W. "Plants and water." In Soil~Plant Relationships, 50–62. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6076-6_3.

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Lack, Andrew, and David Evans. "Plants and water." In Plant Biology, 59–64. 2nd ed. London: Taylor & Francis, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203002902-21.

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Sayari, Najla, and Mounir Mekki. "Invasive Alien Plants Management in Tunisia." In Springer Water, 155–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74660-5_7.

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Imadi, Sameen Ruqia, Alvina Gul, Murat Dikilitas, Sema Karakas, Iti Sharma, and Parvaiz Ahmad. "Water stress." In Water Stress and Crop Plants, 343–55. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119054450.ch21.

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Duchan, D., A. Dráb, and O. Neumayer. "Small Hydropower Plants in the Czech Republic." In Springer Water, 365–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18359-2_15.

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Gouveia, Ricardo, Joana Antunes, Paula Sobral, and Leonor Amaral. "Microplastics from Wastewater Treatment Plants—Preliminary Data." In Springer Water, 53–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71279-6_8.

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Khedr, Abdel-Hamid A. "Microhabitats Supporting Endemic Plants in Sinai, Egypt." In Springer Water, 369–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73161-8_14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Water planes"

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Manoj, K. C., Xing Fang, Young-Jae Yi, Ming-Han Li, Theodore G. Cleveland, and David B. Thompson. "Estimating Time of Concentration on Low-Slope Planes Using Diffusion Hydrodynamic Model." In World Environmental And Water Resources Congress 2012. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412312.039.

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Usmanova, S. S., N. M. Skornyakova, S. Yu Belov, and M. V. Sapronov. "Visualization of Water Flow by Multicolor Particle Image Velocimetry." In 32nd International Conference on Computer Graphics and Vision. Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/graphicon-2022-414-420.

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The work is devoted to the study of the water flow created by a pump in a cuvette by multicolor particle image velocimetry. Multicolor particle image velocimetry method is another modification of the particle image velocimetry. The main difference between this method and other modifications is that not one laser plane is used as probing radiation, but several with different wavelengths. Such modernization makes it possible to obtain velocity vector fields simultaneously in several laser planes. The paper describes an algorithm for carrying out measurements using multicolor particle image velocimetry and processing the recorded data. An experimental setup has been developed and a series of experiments has been carried out, as a result of which the structure of the flow under study has been visualized, vector velocity fields in three laser planes have been obtained.
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Mehta, Unmeel, Jeffrey Bowles, John Melton, Loc Huynh, and Paul Hagseth. "Water Injection Pre-Compressor Cooling Assist Space Access." In 18th AIAA/3AF International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-5922.

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Buechter, M. T., and J. L. Weiland. "Planes, Drains, and Automobiles: Design Criteria for Storm Water Drainage Facilities at Lambert-St. Louis International Airport Expansion." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2006. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40856(200)386.

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Monti, Rodolfo, Raffaele Savino, Federico De Filippis, Antonio Del Vecchio, and Adolfo Martucci. "Large Size Water Calorimetric Probe for Heat Flux Measurements in the Plasma Wind Tunnel Facilities." In 14th AIAA/AHI Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-8048.

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Yang, Shunhua, Wanzhou Zhang, Jun Chen, Wei Feng, and Jialing Le. "Experimental Testing of a Hypersonic Inward Turning Inlet with Water-drop Like Shape to Circular Shape Transition." In 20th AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-3620.

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Wang, Lu, Jia-Qi Bao, Tong-Zhou Wei, Wei-Hua Cai, and Feng-Chen Li. "Study on the Characteristics of Turbulent Flow of Viscoelastic Fluid Through a Planar Sudden Expansion by PIV System." In ASME/JSME/KSME 2015 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2015-25079.

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The influences of drag-reducing surfactant additives on the characteristics of a turbulent flow over a planar sudden expansion with expansion ration R = D/d = 3 and aspect ratio A = w/h = 30 were experimentally investigated by a 2D-2C (two dimensional-two component) particle image velocimetry (PIV) system. The 2D-2C velocity fields in the streamwise-wall-normal planes (x-y planes) at three spanwise locations are measured for the flows of water and 50ppm aqueous solution of CTAC/NaSal (CTAC: cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride; NaSal: sodium salicylate) under the Reynolds number of 1.85 × 104. From the streamline in the x-y plane, it is observed that the reattachment lengths of the vortices in CTAC/NaSal solution are longer. Then the mean streamwise velocity fields and the apparent flow rate at three spanwise locations show that the flow fields in the other two x-y planes are practically symmetrical about the x-y centreplane in CTAC/NaSal solution, as compared with that in water flow. Finally, it is perceived that the Reynolds shear stress for three spanwise locations in CTAC/NaSal solution are obviously decreased.
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Li, Fei, XiLong Yu, Hongbin Gu, Zhi Li, Lihong Chen, and Xinyu Chang. "Measurement of temperature, velocity and water vapor concentration in a scramjet combustor based on near-infrared diode laser absorption." In 17th AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-2214.

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Ranganath, Sam, and Robert Carter. "Structural Capability of Austenitic Piping and Shells With Parallel Offset Cracks." In ASME 2007 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2007-26688.

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Boiling water reactor (BWR) components made of austenitic stainless steel are exposed to the high temperature water environment. Under the combination of susceptible material condition (sensitization due to welding or cold work), weld residual stresses and the oxygenated high temperature water environment, reactor internals such as the core shroud and internal core spray piping experience stress corrosion cracking. The cracking is typically in the weld heat affected zone on both sides of the weld and is parallel to the weld direction. The determination of the structural capability of the component with parallel offset cracks is the subject of this paper. The Section XI, ASME code position on parallel planar flaws states that there is no interaction (i.e. no change in load capability due to multiple parallel cracks) for cracks that are separated by 12.5 mm (1/2 inch) or more. While this is reasonable under linear elastic fracture mechanics conditions, it is not conservative for ductile failure under limit load conditions. Alternatively, assuming that the parallel cracks are in a single plane for the purpose of determining the load capability is over-conservative and underestimates the structural capability. This paper is an extension of earlier work on the interaction of parallel flaws and considers the combines load capability as a function the crack separation. The interaction rules developed here were based on analysis and validated by comparison with extensive test data from different sources. For cracks in two parallel planes, the proposed rules for ductile materials (where limit load is the governing failure mechanism) allow them to be considered as separate cracks if the distance between the two planes is greater than 3t (where t is the shell thickness) and the limit load for cracking in each plane is determined separately. For planes separated by less than t, they are combined and assumed to be in one plane and the limit load is calculated for the combined crack. Linear interpolation is used when the separation distance, d is such that t≤d ≤3t.
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Gonor, Alexander, and Mikhail Gilinsky. "On Origin of a Maximum Pressure Peak Outside of the Stagnation Point at Normal Impact of a Blunted Body on Water." In AIAA/CIRA 13th International Space Planes and Hypersonics Systems and Technologies Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-3203.

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Reports on the topic "Water planes"

1

Hodul, M., H. P. White, and A. Knudby. A report on water quality monitoring in Quesnel Lake, British Columbia, subsequent to the Mount Polley tailings dam spill, using optical satellite imagery. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330556.

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In the early morning on the 4th of August 2014, a tailings dam near Quesnel, BC burst, spilling approximately 25 million m3 of runoff containing heavy metal elements into nearby Quesnel Lake (Byrne et al. 2018). The runoff slurry, which included lead, arsenic, selenium, and vanadium spilled through Hazeltine Creek, scouring its banks and picking up till and forest cover on the way, and ultimately ended up in Quesnel Lake, whose water level rose by 1.5 m as a result. While the introduction of heavy metals into Quesnel Lake was of environmental concern, the additional till and forest cover scoured from the banks of Hazeltine Creek added to the lake has also been of concern to salmon spawning grounds. Immediate repercussions of the spill involved the damage of sensitive environments along the banks and on the lake bed, the closing of the seasonal salmon fishery in the lake, and a change in the microbial composition of the lake bed (Hatam et al. 2019). In addition, there appears to be a seasonal resuspension of the tailings sediment due to thermal cycling of the water and surface winds (Hamilton et al. 2020). While the water quality of Quesnel Lake continues to be monitored for the tailings sediments, primarily by members at the Quesnel River Research Centre, the sample-and-test methods of water quality testing used, while highly accurate, are expensive to undertake, and not spatially exhaustive. The use of remote sensing techniques, though not as accurate as lab testing, allows for the relatively fast creation of expansive water quality maps using sensors mounted on boats, planes, and satellites (Ritchie et al. 2003). The most common method for the remote sensing of surface water quality is through the use of a physics-based semianalytical model which simulates light passing through a water column with a given set of Inherent Optical Properties (IOPs), developed by Lee et al. (1998) and commonly referred to as a Radiative Transfer Model (RTM). The RTM forward-models a wide range of water-leaving spectral signatures based on IOPs determined by a mix of water constituents, including natural materials and pollutants. Remote sensing imagery is then used to invert the model by finding the modelled water spectrum which most closely resembles that seen in the imagery (Brando et al 2009). This project set out to develop an RTM water quality model to monitor the water quality in Quesnel Lake, allowing for the entire surface of the lake to be mapped at once, in an effort to easily determine the timing and extent of resuspension events, as well as potentially investigate greening events reported by locals. The project intended to use a combination of multispectral imagery (Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2), as well as hyperspectral imagery (DESIS), combined with field calibration/validation of the resulting models. The project began in the Autumn before the COVID pandemic, with plans to undertake a comprehensive fieldwork campaign to gather model calibration data in the summer of 2020. Since a province-wide travel shutdown and social distancing procedures made it difficult to carry out water quality surveying in a small boat, an insufficient amount of fieldwork was conducted to suit the needs of the project. Thus, the project has been put on hold, and the primary researcher has moved to a different project. This document stands as a report on all of the work conducted up to April 2021, intended largely as an instructional document for researchers who may wish to continue the work once fieldwork may freely and safely resume. This research was undertaken at the University of Ottawa, with supporting funding provided by the Earth Observations for Cumulative Effects (EO4CE) Program Work Package 10b: Site Monitoring and Remediation, Canada Centre for Remote Sensing, through the Natural Resources Canada Research Affiliate Program (RAP).
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Haden, David. Water Quality Research Plans. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1283.

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Tsur, Yacov, David Zilberman, Uri Shani, Amos Zemel, and David Sunding. Dynamic intraseasonal irrigation management under water scarcity, water quality, irrigation technology and environmental constraints. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7696507.bard.

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In this project we studied optimal use and adoption of sophisticated irrigation technologies. The stated objectives in the original proposal were to develop a conceptual framework for analyzing intra-season timing of water application rates with implications for crop and irrigation technology selection. We proposed to base the analysis on an intra-seasonal, dynamic, agro-economic model of plants' water demand, paying special attention to contamination of groundwater and soil in intensively cultivated areas that increasingly rely on water of lesser quality. The framework developed in the project integrates (i) a bio-physical model of water flow in the vadose zone and water uptake by plants and yield response with (ii) a dynamic management model to determine the optimal intra-season irrigation policy. It consists of a dynamic optimization model to determine irrigation rates at each point of time during the growing season and aggregation relating harvested yield with accumulated water input. The detailed dynamic approach provides a description of yield production processes at the plant’s level, and serves to determine intra-season irrigation decisions. Data derived from extensive field experiments were used to calibrate the model's parameters. We use the framework to establish the substitution between irrigation technology (capital) and water inputs; this is an important property of irrigation water productivity that has been overlooked in the literature. Another important feature investigated is the possibility to substitute fresh and saline water with a minimal productivity loss. The effects of soil properties and crop characteristics on optimal technology adoption have also been studied. We find that sandy soil, with low water holding capacity, is more conducive to adoption of sophisticated drip irrigation, as compared to heavier soils in which drainage losses are significantly smaller.
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Dunbar, Joseph. Vertical and horizontal datums used in the Lower Mississippi Valley for US Army Corps of Engineers projects. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42781.

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Six geodetic datums have been used by the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Mississippi River Commission (MRC), for river surveys in the Lower Mississippi Valley (LMV). These legacy elevation datums are the Cairo datum, the Memphis datum, the Mean Gulf Level (MGL), the Mean Sea Level (MSL), the National Geodetic Vertical Datum (NGVD) 1929, and the North American Vertical Datum 1988 (NAVD88). The official geodetic datum currently prescribed by the USACE is NAVD88 (USACE 2010). In addition to these different geodetic datums, hydraulic datums are in use by the USACE for rivers, lakes, and reservoir systems. Hydrographic surveys from the Mississippi River are typically based on a low water pool or discharge reference, such as a low water reference plane (LWRP), an average low water plane (ALWP), or a low water (LW) plane. The following technical note is intended to provide background information about legacy datums used in the LMV to permit comparison of historic maps, charts, and surveys pertaining to the Mississippi River in the LMV. The purpose of this report is to provide background information and history of different published horizontal and vertical datums used for presentation of hydrographic survey data from the Mississippi River. The goal is to facilitate understanding of differences with comparison to other historic surveys for change-detection studies along the river. Conversion values are identified herein for the earlier surveys where appropriate, and methods are presented here to evaluate the differences between earlier and later charts and maps. This report is solely intended to address the LMV area and historic surveys made there. This note is not applicable to areas outside of the LMV. Throughout this technical note, historic hydrographic surveys and data from the Memphis, TN, to Rosedale, MS, reach will be used as examples of features of interest for discussion purposes. Selected historic hydrographic survey sheets at Helena, AR, are included as Plates 1 to 3 (Appendix C) of this document and will be used as examples for discussion purposes.
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Zilberstein, Aviah, Bo Liu, and Einat Sadot. Studying the Involvement of the Linker Protein CWLP and its Homologue in Cytoskeleton-plasma Membrane-cell Wall Continuum and in Drought Tolerance. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7593387.bard.

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The study has been focused on proline-rich proteins from the HyPRP family. Three proline-rich proteins have been characterized with the CWLP as the main objective. We showed that this unique protein is assembled in the plasma membrane (PM) and forms a continuum between the cell wall (CW) and cytosol via the PM. While spanning the PM, it is arranged in lipid rafts as CWLP-aquaporin complexes that recruit PP2A-β”, as a part of PP2A enzyme, close to the aquaporin moiety where it dephosphorylates two crucial Ser residues and induces closure of the aquaporin water channels. The closure of water channels renders cells more tolerant to plasmolysis and plants to dehydration. This unique effect was observed not only in Arabidopsis, but also in potato plants over expressing the CWLP, suggesting a possible usage in crop plants as a valve that reduces loss of water or/and elevates cold resistance. The CWLP is a member of the HyPRP protein family that all possess structurally similar 8CM domain, predicted to localize to PM lipid rafts. In this study, two additional highly homologous HyPRP proteins were also studied. The GPRP showed the same localization and it’s over expression increased tolerance to lack of water. However, the third one, PRP940, despite sharing high homology in the 8CM domain, is completely different and is assembled in parallel to cortical microtubules in the cell. Moreover, our data suggest that this protein is not involved in rendering plants resistant to lack of water. We suggest implying CWLP as a tool for better regulation of water maintenance in crop plants.
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Elcock, D., and J. Kuiper. Water vulnerabilities for existing coal-fired power plants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/986305.

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Ehleringer, J. R. Water use, productivity and interactions among desert plants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10191973.

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Ehleringer, J. R. Water use, productivity and interactions among desert plants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7014955.

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Ehleringer, J. R. Water use, productivity and interactions among desert plants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6829765.

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10

Lieb, B. W., A. P. Jacala, and R. P. Glasser. Added mass for plates partially submerged in water. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10173548.

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