Journal articles: 'Water level decline'

1

Liu, Xiao Wen, Wen Wan, and Xi Zhong Shen. "The Analysis about Seepage of the Bank Slope under the Cycle Rising and Drawdown of Reservoir Water Level." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 112–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.112.

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Bank slope seepage field is analyzed by saturated-unsaturated seepage theory under the three times cycle conditions of water level rising and drawdown . The pore water pressure distribution laws of the water level rising period, the stabilization period, the period of decline and decline stable period for every cycle are researched. The result shows soil near slope region is saturated easily after many rounds of water level rising and drawdown, and saturation region gradually increases. Soil phreatic line near slope falls fastly in the drawdown period, away from the slope, phreatic line declines slowly.

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Yang, Jun, Hong Lv, Jun Yang, Lemian Liu, Xiaoqing Yu, and Huihuang Chen. "Decline in water level boosts cyanobacteria dominance in subtropical reservoirs." Science of The Total Environment 557-558 (July 2016): 445–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.094.

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Acreman, M. C., J. R. Meigh, and K. J. Sene. "Modelling the decline in water level of Lake Toba, Indonesia." Advances in Water Resources 16, no. 4 (January 1993): 207–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0309-1708(93)90039-i.

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Guilin, Yang, and Liu Guodong. "On the water level decline and its tendency in Qinghai Lake." Journal of Lake Sciences 4, no. 3 (1992): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18307/1992.0303.

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Arkian, Foroozan, Sharon E. Nicholson, and Bahareh Ziaie. "Meteorological factors affecting the sudden decline in Lake Urmia’s water level." Theoretical and Applied Climatology 131, no. 1-2 (November 15, 2016): 641–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00704-016-1992-6.

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Wang, Zixiong, Tianxiang Wang, Xiaoli Liu, Suduan Hu, Lingxiao Ma, and Xinguo Sun. "Water Level Decline in a Reservoir: Implications for Water Quality Variation and Pollution Source Identification." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7 (April 1, 2020): 2400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072400.

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Continuous water-level decline makes the changes of water quality in reservoirs more complicated. This paper uses trend analyses, wavelet analysis and principal component analysis-multiple linear regression to explore the changes and pollution sources affecting water quality during a period of continuous reservoir water level decline (from 65.37 m to 54.15 m), taking the Biliuhe reservoir as an example. The results showed that the change of water level of Biliuhe reservoir has a significant 13-year periodicity. The unusual water quality changes during the low water level period were as follows: total nitrogen continued to decrease. And iron was lower than its historical level. pH, total phosphorus, and ammonia nitrogen were higher than historical levels and fluctuated seasonally. Permanganate index increased as water level decreased after initial fluctuations. Dissolved oxygen was characterized by high content in winter and relatively low content in summer. The pollutant sources of non-point source pollution (PC1), sediment and groundwater pollution (PC2), atmospheric and production & domestic sewage (PC3), other sources of pollution (PC4) were identified. The main source of DO, pH, TP, TN, NH4-N, Fe and CODMn were respectively PC3 (42.13%), PC1 (47.67%), PC3 (47.62%), PC1 (29.75%), PC2 (47.01%), PC1 (56.97%) and PC2 (50%). It is concluded that the continuous decline of water level has a significant impact on the changes and pollution sources affecting water quality. Detailed experiments focusing on sediment pollution release flux, and biological action will be explored next.

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Guan, Jian-Zhao, Lei Zhang, Chun-Ming Fang, and Jun Feng. "Study on the Causes of the Decline of the Low Water Levels of Poyang Lake, China." E3S Web of Conferences 117 (2019): 00014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911700014.

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The drastic decline in the water level of Poyang Lake during the dry season has close connection with the water environment and lake ecology. The drastic decline has attracted considerable attention, and has led to intense scientific discussions regarding its cause. However, the importance of the different causes of the low water level decline has not been clearly illustrated. To improve the understanding of the reasons for the decline of low water levels in the Poyang Lake Waterway, this paper investigated the contributions of river channel erosion and sand mining to the water level decline. The results show that sand mining mainly occurred on the beaches of the Waterway, and had a relatively small effect on the change in the shape of the main river channel. It was found that the contribution of sand mining to the decline in the low water level was no more than 30%, while the average contribution by natural erosion was about 85%. This indicates that natural channel erosion of the Waterway has been significant, and plays a dominant role in the declining water levels of the Waterway.

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Zhao, Nenghao, Bin Hu, Qinglin Yi, Wenmin Yao, and Chong Ma. "The Coupling Effect of Rainfall and Reservoir Water Level Decline on the Baijiabao Landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China." Geofluids 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3724867.

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Rainfall and reservoir level fluctuation are two of the main factors contributing to reservoir landslides. However, in China’s Three Gorges Reservoir Area, when the reservoir water level fluctuates significantly, it comes at a time of abundant rainfall, which makes it difficult to distinguish which factor dominates the deformation of the landslide. This study focuses on how rainfall and reservoir water level decline affect the seepage and displacement field of Baijiabao landslide spatially and temporally during drawdown of reservoir water level in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, thus exploring its movement mechanism. The monitoring data of the landslide in the past 10 years were analyzed, and the correlation between rainfall, reservoir water level decline, and landslide displacement was clarified. By the numerical simulation method, the deformation evolution mechanism of this landslide during drawdown of reservoir water level was revealed, respectively, under three conditions, namely, rainfall, reservoir water level decline, and coupling of the above two conditions. The results showed that the deformation of the Baijiabao landslide was the coupling effect of rainfall and reservoir water level decline, while the latter effect is more pronounced.

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Jasechko, Scott, and Debra Perrone. "Global groundwater wells at risk of running dry." Science 372, no. 6540 (April 22, 2021): 418–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abc2755.

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Groundwater wells supply water to billions of people, but they can run dry when water tables decline. Here, we analyzed construction records for ~39 million globally distributed wells. We show that 6 to 20% of wells are no more than 5 meters deeper than the water table, implying that millions of wells are at risk of running dry if groundwater levels decline by only a few meters. Further, newer wells are not being constructed deeper than older wells in some of the places experiencing significant groundwater level declines, suggesting that newer wells are at least as likely to run dry as older wells if groundwater levels continue to decline. Poor water quality in deep aquifers and the high costs of well construction limit the effectiveness of tapping deep groundwater to stave off the loss of access to water as wells run dry.

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10

Lihua, Zhou, Chen Guichen, and Peng Min. "Impact of human activities on the decline of water level,Qinghai Lake." Journal of Lake Sciences 4, no. 3 (1992): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18307/1992.0305.

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11

Davis, Ralph K., and Darryll T. Pederson. "PATTERN OF GROUND-WATER LEVEL DECLINE IN THE HIGH PLAINS AQUIFER NEBRASKA." Journal of the American Water Resources Association 32, no. 1 (February 1996): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1996.tb03438.x.

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12

Aronson, Richard B. "A community-level test of the Mesozoic marine revolution theory." Paleobiology 15, no. 1 (1989): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300009155.

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The Mesozoic marine revolution theory postulates a causal connection between the Cretaceous radiations of durophagous predators and the decline of suspension-feeding echinoderms in shallow-water habitats. In order to test the temporal distribution of dense ophiuroid populations for such a decline, I present a method of calculating the expected distribution of populations or communities in different geologic timespans. This statistical null hypothesis may then be compared with data from the fossil record to draw paleoecological inferences. The model takes into account the relative lengths of time blocks, the decay of sedimentary rock, and changes in shallow sea area through time. Although mass extinctions did not cause the immediate disappearance of shallow-water “brittlestar beds,” brittlestar beds show a significant decline in the Early Cretaceous. Results of several studies suggest that predators were at least partially responsible for reducing the distribution of dense ophiuroid populations.

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13

Yan, Tao, Li Chen, Tao Duan, and Min Zhou. "Effect of Confluence Ratio Change on Hydrodynamic Character in Reservoir Area." Applied Mechanics and Materials 438-439 (October 2013): 1303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.438-439.1303.

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Major factors that affect hydrodynamic character include confluence ratio, junction angle, bed discordance and channel gradient. In reservoir area, the river confluence is also affected by change of water level results from impoundment. Focused on asymmetrical confluence with 90° junction angle in reservoir area and based on model test, velocity distribution, location and range of reverse flow zone under different confluence ratios and water levels were investigated. The results show that flow velocity always declined along the channel after convergence. When confluence ratio increased, velocity decline rate accelerated, tributary flow diffused more fiercely at the conflux section, reverse flow zone enlarged. As the water level rising up, overall flow field velocity was weakened, the degree of tributary deflection increased. The velocity declined much slower in high water level.

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14

Qi, Zhiwei, Changlai Xiao, Bo Zhang, and Xiujuan Liang. "Generalized Index of Regional Socio-economic Consumption Level of Water Resource." Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 69, no. 2 (December 23, 2019): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2019.152.

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Abstract Traditional indicators of water resource utilization degree and efficiency cannot show the stressed relationship between the level of water resource utilization and economic development level in a region. Therefore, this manuscript proposes a generalized index of socio-economic consumption level of water resources. The definition of the index is the ratio of water consumption change for GDP growth per unit, and the potential of water resources exploitation and utilization. The theoretical curve of this index has a rise period, a high value period, and a decline period, which correspond to the take-off period, bottleneck period and maturity period of the regional economic development, respectively. This index can help us find the turning point of water resources restricting economy. The indexes of each year are calculated respectively from 1994 to 2010 of Beijing and Hebei province of China as example. The result shows that both two provinces are in the transitional period from high value period to the decline period. This example shows the universality of Generalized Index of Regional Socio-economic Consumption Level of Water Resources. Setting a target Generalized Index of Regional Socio-economic Consumption Level of Water Resources is consistent with the sustainable development level of regional economy which could promote both regional economic development and water resources protection.

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15

Kimaro, T. A., and R. Fidelis. "Impacts of Lake Victoria Level Fluctuations to Livelihoods Missungwi District Case Study." Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology 30, no. 2 (December 31, 2007): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.52339/tjet.v30i2.403.

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Lake Victoria experienced drastic levels changes in 2005 causing great inconveniences to lakeside communities. Thisstudy investigated effects of these changes on livelihoods through questionnaire surveys, focused group discussions,interviews and analysis of fish catches, diseases, crops, and lake levels data. Results indicate recession of levels hadvarious socio-economic impacts. The changes caused severe water shortage due to drying up of shallow wells and aremarkable increase in prevalence of schistosomiasis because of increased utilization of lake water. There was noevidence for impact of level changes on malaria and diarrhea. Decline of water levels caused decline in fish catches dueto retreat of water from breeding sites. However receding waters created a new land for cultivation which helped toboost Maize and sweet potatoes production. The results emphasize on ensuring stability of lake levels to avoid negativeimpacts on livelihoods and to maintain ecological integrity of the lake.

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16

Dehghanipour, Amir Hossein, Davood Moshir Panahi, Hossein Mousavi, Zahra Kalantari, and Massoud Tajrishy. "Effects of Water Level Decline in Lake Urmia, Iran, on Local Climate Conditions." Water 12, no. 8 (July 30, 2020): 2153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12082153.

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Lake Urmia in northwestern Iran is the largest lake in Iran and the second largest saltwater lake in the world. The water level in Lake Urmia has decreased dramatically in recent years, due to drought, climate change, and the overuse of water resources for irrigation. This shrinking of the lake may affect local climate conditions, assuming that the lake itself affects the local climate. In this study, we quantified the lake’s impact on the local climate by analyzing hourly time series of data on climate variables (temperature, vapor pressure, relative humidity, evaporation, and dewpoint temperature for all seasons, and local lake/land breezes in summer) for the period 1961–2016. For this, we compared high quality, long-term climate data obtained from Urmia and Saqez meteorological stations, located 30 km and 185 km from the lake center, respectively. We then investigated the effect of lake level decrease on the climate variables by dividing the data into periods 1961–1995 (normal lake level) and 1996–2016 (low lake level). The results showed that at Urmia station (close to the lake), climate parameters displayed fewer fluctuations and were evidently affected by Lake Urmia compared with those at Saqez station. The effects of the lake on the local climate increased with increasing temperature, with the most significant impact in summer and the least in winter. The results also indicated that, despite decreasing lake level, local climate conditions are still influenced by Lake Urmia, but to a lesser extent.

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17

Qi, Lingyan, Jiacong Huang, Junfeng Gao, and Zhen Cui. "Modelling the Impacts of Bathymetric Changes on Water Level in China’s Largest Freshwater Lake." Water 11, no. 7 (July 16, 2019): 1469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11071469.

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A recent dramatic decline in water level during the dry season in China’s largest freshwater lake (Lake Poyang) significantly influenced water availability and biogeochemical processes. To learn the potential causes of water level decline, this study investigated the hydrodynamic response to bathymetric changes during three typical hydrological years by scenario simulation using Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC). The simulation results indicated that bathymetric changes resulted in a water level decrease during a low water level period. Inter-annual variation in the decrease rate implied that water level in typical dry and wet years were influenced more significantly than that in moderate hydrological years. A spatial gradient in the distribution of water level changes was also observed, which was mainly concentrated in the main channel. Water velocities also slowed down, weakly corresponding to the decrease in water level during the low water level period. Overall, bathymetric changes caused by sand mining contributed to water level and velocity variations, influencing the stability and sustainability of the lake ecosystem. This study can potentially enhance our understanding of the hydrodynamic processes in Lake Poyang and support water resource management.

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Gupta, C. P., Shakeel Ahmed, and V. V. S. Gurunadha Rao. "Conjunctive utilization of surface water and groundwater to arrest the water-level decline in an alluvial aquifer." Journal of Hydrology 76, no. 3-4 (February 1985): 351–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(85)90142-8.

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19

Sun, Naidong, Lingqiang Yang, and Zhenyu Wang. "Slope stability and dynamic stability analysis during the process of reservoir water level decline." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 304 (September 18, 2019): 022017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/304/2/022017.

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Skinner, Dominic, Rod Oliver, Kane Aldridge, and Justin Brookes. "Extreme water level decline effects sediment distribution and composition in Lake Alexandrina, South Australia." Limnology 15, no. 2 (January 14, 2014): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10201-013-0422-z.

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21

Al-Yahyai*, Rashid, Bruce Schaffer, and Frederick S. Davies. "Physiological Response of Carambola Trees to Soil Water Depletion in Krome Soils." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 857B—857. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.857b.

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The effect of soil water depletion on plant water potential and leaf gas exchange of carambola (Averrhoa carambola L. cv. Arkin) in Krome very gravelly loam soil was studied in an orchard and in containers in the field and in a greenhouse. The rate of soil water depletion was determined by continuously monitoring soil water content with multi-sensor capacitance probes. Stem water potential and leaf gas exchange of carambola in containers were reduced when the soil water depletion level fell below 50% (where field capacity = 100%). Although there was a decrease in the rate of soil water depletion in the orchard as the soil dried, soil water depletion did not go below an average of 70%. This was presumably due to sufficient rainfall and capillary movement of water in the soil. Therefore, soil water content did not decline sufficiently to affect leaf gas exchange and leaf and stem water potential of orchard trees. A decline in soil water depletion below 40% resulted in a concomitant decline in stem water potential of the container trees in the field and greenhouse to below -1.0 MPa. Stomatal conductance, net CO2 assimilation, and transpiration declined significantly when stem water potential was below -1.0 MPa. The reduction of net CO2 assimilation and transpiration was proportional to the decline in stomatal conductance of container trees in the field and greenhouse. Thus, soil water depletion in Krome very gravelly loam soil must be less than 50% before water potential or leaf gas exchange of carambola is affected. Based on these results, irrigation scheduling should be based on physiological variables such as stem water potential and stomatal conductance or the amount rather than the rate of soil water depletion.

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Gophen, M. "The Impact of Water Level Decline on Water Quality in the Epilimnion of Lake Kinneret (Israel): Perennial Perspectives." Open Journal of Ecology 04, no. 14 (2014): 892–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oje.2014.414075.

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Tian, Fei, Yonghui Yang, and Shumin Han. "Using runoff slope-break to determine dominate factors of runoff decline in Hutuo River Basin, North China." Water Science and Technology 60, no. 8 (October 1, 2009): 2135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.578.

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Water resources in North China have declined sharply in recent years. Low runoff (especially in the mountain areas) has been identified as the main factor. Hutuo River Basin (HRB), a typical up-stream basin in North China with two subcatchments (Ye and Hutuo River Catchments), was investigated in this study. Mann-Kendall test was used to determine the general trend of precipitation and runoff for 1960–1999. Then Sequential Mann-Kendall test was used to establish runoff slope-break from which the beginning point of sharp decline in runoff was determined. Finally, regression analysis was done to illustrate runoff decline via comparison of precipitation-runoff correlation for the period prior to and after sharp runoff decline. This was further verified by analysis of rainy season peak runoff flows. The results are as follows: (1) annual runoff decline in the basin is significant while that of precipitation is insignificant at α=0.05 confidence level; (2) sharp decline in runoff in Ye River Catchment (YRC) occurred in 1968 while that in Hutuo River Catchment (HRC) occurred in 1978; (3) based on the regression analysis, human activity has the highest impact on runoff decline in the basin. As runoff slope-breaks in both Catchments strongly coincided with increase in agricultural activity, agricultural water use is considered the dominate factor of runoff decline in the study area.

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Vujević, Mate, and Kristijan Posavec. "IDENTIFICATION OF GROUNDWATER LEVEL DECLINE IN ZAGREB AND SAMOBOR-ZAPREŠIĆ AQUIFERS SINCE THE SIXTIES OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY." Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik 33, no. 4 (September 2018): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17794/rgn.2018.4.5.

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Wang, Dan, Shuanghu Zhang, Guoli Wang, Qiaoqian Han, Guoxian Huang, Hao Wang, Yin Liu, and Yanping Zhang. "Quantitative Assessment of the Influences of Three Gorges Dam on the Water Level of Poyang Lake, China." Water 11, no. 7 (July 22, 2019): 1519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11071519.

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Lakes are important for global ecological balance and provide rich biological and social resources. However, lake systems are sensitive to climate change and anthropogenic activities. Poyang Lake is an important wetland in the middle reach of the Yangtze River, China and has a complicated interaction with the Yangtze River. In recent years, the water level of Poyang Lake was altered dramatically, in particular showing a significant downward trend after the operation of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) in 2003, thus seriously affecting the lake wetland ecosystem. The operation of the TGD changed both the hydrological regime and the deeper channel in the middle reach of the Yangtze River, and affected the river–lake system between the Yangtze River and Poyang Lake. This study analyzed the change in the water level of Poyang Lake and quantified the contributions of the TGD operation, from the perspectives of water storage and erosion of the deeper channel in the middle reach of the Yangtze River, through hydrodynamic model simulation. The erosion of the deeper channel indicated a significant decrease in annual water level. However, due to the water storage of the TGD in September and October, the discharge in the Yangtze River sharply decreased and the water level of Poyang Lake was largely affected. Especially in late September, early October, and mid-October, the contributions of water storage of the TGD to the decline in the water level of Poyang Lake respectively reached 68.85%, 59.04%, and 54.88%, indicating that the water storage of the TGD was the main factor in the decrease in water level. The erosion of the deeper channel accelerated the decline of the water level of Poyang Lake and led to about 10% to 20% of the decline of water level in September and October. Due to the combined operation of the TGD and more reservoirs under construction in the upper TGD, the long-term and irreversible influence of the TGD on Poyang Lake should be further explored in the future.

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Zhao, Yu Kun, Ji Hong Yang, and Qing An Li. "Model Test Study on Embankment Instability Induced by Rapid Drawdown of Water Level at Yellow River Downstream." Advanced Materials Research 160-162 (November 2010): 750–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.160-162.750.

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Rapid drawdown of water level is one of the most important factors that influencing the embankment stability. Based on the principle of geomechanical model test and hydroaulic model test methods, the model test was performed to study Yellow River downstream embankment instability induced by rapid drawdown of water level. The slope models with geometric scale of 1:25, 1:45, 1:62.5 were constructed in the transparent plexiglass model box with 1.6m long, 0.8m wide and 0.6m high. Changes on the slope were recorded during water level decline at different velocity by digital camera and slope tracer etc. The model test results showed that during the rapid drawdown process, there was only small cracks and not slippage in advance; when the water level dropped to a certain height, the sliding distance increased suddenly, which showed that the rate of water level decline was behind the river water, and the slope weight and downslope hydrodynamic pressure by the saturation line in slope body were higher than water lever exceeds the sliding force in a very short period of time, which caused landslide; after the sliding body appearing, slide was continuous and not mutation.

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Kennedy, Emma V., Julie Vercelloni, Benjamin P. Neal, Ambariyanto, Dominic E. P. Bryant, Anjani Ganase, Patrick Gartrell, et al. "Coral Reef Community Changes in Karimunjawa National Park, Indonesia: Assessing the Efficacy of Management in the Face of Local and Global Stressors." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 10 (September 28, 2020): 760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8100760.

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Karimunjawa National Park is one of Indonesia’s oldest established marine parks. Coral reefs across the park are being impacted by fishing, tourism and declining water quality (local stressors), as well as climate change (global pressures). In this study, we apply a multivariate statistical model to detailed benthic ecological datasets collected across Karimunjawa’s coral reefs, to explore drivers of community change at the park level. Eighteen sites were surveyed in 2014 and 2018, before and after the 2016 global mass coral bleaching event. Analyses revealed that average coral cover declined slightly from 29.2 ± 0.12% (Standard Deviation, SD) to 26.3 ± 0.10% SD, with bleaching driving declines in most corals. Management zone was unrelated to coral decline, but shifts from massive morphologies toward more complex foliose and branching corals were apparent across all zones, reflecting a park-wide reduction in damaging fishing practises. A doubling of sponges and associated declines in massive corals could not be related to bleaching, suggesting another driver, likely declining water quality associated with tourism and mariculture. Further investigation of this potentially emerging threat is needed. Monitoring and management of water quality across Karimunjawa may be critical to improving resilience of reef communities to future coral bleaching.

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Baum, Zvi, Ruslana Rachel Palatnik, Iddo Kan, and Mickey Rapaport-Rom. "Economic Impacts of Water Scarcity Under Diverse Water Salinities." Water Economics and Policy 02, no. 01 (March 2016): 1550013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2382624x15500137.

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Exploitation of alternative water sources is expected to grow in the decades to come in water-stressed countries with fast population growth, especially in regions where a further decline of natural freshwater availability is expected due to climate change. Increasing utilization of non-freshwater usually leads to salinity build-up in fields and water sources as well as accumulation of various pollutants — both having a considerable impact on the suitability of non-freshwater for irrigation due to constraints associated with crop salinity tolerance and food safety regulations. We developed a linked Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) — farm-level model of a water economy with representation for multiple water types characterized by different qualities. We employ the model to assess the impact of water shortage on the Israeli economy, where steadily growing water scarcity leads to an increasing utilization of alternative water sources. We simulate water shortage scenarios based on the Long Term National Master Plan for The Water Economy developed by the Israeli Water Authority (IWA). The linked CGE — farm-level model provides a mechanism for estimating the Constant Elasticity of Substitution (CES) rates between different irrigation water types used in agriculture. This mechanism accounts for the effects of salinity on yields and takes into consideration food safety regulations for irrigating crops with treated wastewater. We demonstrate that, in contrast to previous studies, CES rates between different water types are not identical. The CES rates obtained in our study have relatively low values, which can be attributed to the constraints associated with crop salinity tolerance and food safety regulations. Our results reveal that water shortage can lead to a significant decline of Israel’s GDP, where a considerable part of the decline is attributed to the decrease in agricultural outputs. The magnitude of the impact depends on the underlying assumptions regarding future desalination capacity. To further study the effect of desalination, we run simulations under various desalination levels and examine its impact on the GDP. We also examine the extent to which the impact of water shortage is sensitive to CES rates between different irrigation water types.

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Edwards, Eric C., and Sarah E. Null. "The cost of addressing saline lake level decline and the potential for water conservation markets." Science of The Total Environment 651 (February 2019): 435–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.006.

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Modis, K., and D. Sideri. "Spatiotemporal estimation of land subsidence and ground water level decline in West Thessaly basin, Greece." Natural Hazards 76, no. 2 (November 19, 2014): 939–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-014-1528-2.

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Hussaini, A., M. R. Mahmud, K. K. W. Tang, and A. G. Abubakar. "WATER LEVEL FLUCTUATION ASSESSMENT OF LAKE CHAD FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY USING REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM TECHNIQUE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W16 (October 1, 2019): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w16-261-2019.

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Abstract. Surface water is a significant constituent of the water cycle, and is paramount for human survival, social and economic development as well as environmental sustainability. Water level shrinkage and global warming are the main phenomena that becoming worldwide environmental problems. Lake Chad has been in a critical situation in recent years due to a continuous decline in surface water and drought, over abstraction of water and climate change caused a significant change of a land cover patterns. The present study aimed to highlight the change pattern of water level in the lake over the past three decades, and the satellite images of the Lake Chad from Landsat-TM, ETM+ and OLI were analyzed to investigate the change of land cover pattern during three periods: the 1985, 2000 and 2015. Supervised classification was performed for land cover change analysis. Then the overall accuracies of the classification of Landsat-TM is 93.80, Landsat-ETM+ is 90.80 and Landsat-OLI is 86.20 respectively. The result shows that there are continuous decline of water bodies, barren land and shrub, with rapid increment of farmland and gallery forest.

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Marciniak, Marek, Mariusz KACZMAREK, and Anna Maria Szczucińska. "A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE HYPORHEIC ZONE FLUIDIZATION." Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego 471 (October 1, 2018): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.4908.

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In the hyporheic zone, exchange of surface water and groundwater takes place. During the groundwater drainage and the increase in hydraulic gradient, this zone can be fluidized. The paper presents a mathematical model of hyporheic zone fluidization. It has been obtained from a balance of forces related to the water filtration through the hyporheic zone. The mathematical model makes it possible to predict the occurrence of fluidization depending on the increase in water table position. A series of laboratory tests were carried out, which confirmed the predictions according to the model. The hydrological and hydrogeological influences of hyporheic zone fluidization were also analyzed, namely: the decline of diurnal water level fluctuations in headwaters and the variable rate of decline of water level after rainfall flood.

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Pote, John, Zhaolong Wang, and Bingru Huang. "Timing and Temperature of Physiological Decline for Creeping Bentgrass." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 131, no. 5 (September 2006): 608–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.131.5.608.

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Knowledge of the level of soil temperatures that is detrimental for shoot and root growth for cool-season grasses may help develop heat-tolerant plants and effective management practices to improve summer performance. The objectives of this study were to determine the level and duration of high temperatures in the root zone that will induce decline for various growth and physiological parameters and to compare the responses of different physiological parameters and cultivars to high root-zone temperatures. Nine creeping bentgrass [Agrostis stolonifera L. var. palustris (Huds.) Farw.] cultivars were subjected to eight root-zone temperatures (20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 27, 31, 35 °C) in water baths while exposed to a constant air temperature of 20 °C for 54 days. Root number, dry weight, and depth, active root biomass, turf quality, leaf cytokinin content, and canopy net photosynthetic rate (Pn), decreased in all nine cultivars as root-zone temperature increased from 20 to 35 °C, but the time and temperature at which the decline occurred varied for each parameter measured. Pn, cytokinin content, root number, and turf quality declined at 23, 27, 27, and 35 °C, respectively, after 28 days of exposure. Active root biomass, root number, root dry weight, turf quality, and rooting depth declined at 23, 25, 25, 25, and 35 °C, respectively, at 54 days. At a 31 °C root-zone temperature the decline in root number, cytokinin content, and turf quality occurred at 19, 37, and 47 days, respectively. The results suggest that root-zone temperatures of 23 °C or above this level were detrimental to root activities, Pn, and overall turf growth. Root and Pn decline at lower temperatures and earlier in the study than turf quality suggest that the disturbance of physiological activities of roots and leaves could lead to turfgrass quality decline at high root-zone temperatures.

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Δημόπουλος, Γ., and Β. Μπαρούτη. "HYDRO GEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF DOIRANI LAKE BASIN. EXTERIOR INTERFERENCES AND RESULTS." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 36, no. 4 (January 1, 2004): 1982. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16697.

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In this paper the hydro geological conditions of the quaternary deposits of Doirani lake basin are represented. The surface and subsurface water balance for the years 1988-1990 are also calculated.During the period 1985-1998 decline of 3,77 m of the lake's level has been noticed. The fact that the lake does not appear to have any sign of restoration leads to many questions regarding to its existence, water balance, hydraulic conditions of the basin and the groundwater overexploretion Analyzing the available hydrological, geological, lithological data a water balance deficit of 101.23*106 m3 /year for the period 1988-1990 is calculated resulted from the groundwater overexploretion. At the same time the loss of water due to the decline of the lake's level have reached the amounts of 90.58*106 m3 /year.

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Jokanović, Vesna Nikolić, Tijana Vulević, and Katarina Lazarević. "Risk assessment of forest decline by application of geostatistics and multi-criteria analysis." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 68, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/johh-2020-0013.

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AbstractIn this paper, the risk zone mapping of declining lowland forests belonging to „Morović“, management unit „Varadin-Županja“ (northern Serbia) is performed using geostatistics analysis. Based on the monitoring of groundwater level, the Kriging method has been performed for the spatial distribution of groundwater level for a multiyear period (2010–2013) – reference level and characteristic levels for the wettest and the driest year during the analyzed period. Risk assessment was determined by the variance of characteristics compared to reference levels. Then, multi-criteria decision analysis methods (AHP, PROMETHEE II) were applied to define the rank of each department (smaller forest management units) located in the research area. These analyses are very important because they enable to locate of the area with a high risk of forest decline and to rank departments using criteria: deviation from water level recorded during dry periods, species demand for water, conservation status and purpose of the unit (seed stands or technical wood). The proposed methodology is usable for the determination of the primary localities for the application of management measures conducting on the level of lower planned units (departments) and thus lead to the successful planning and more efficient forest management. Obtained results at the researched area showed that a negative influence on the watering regime has groundwater level decreasing compared to the reference level because it directly affects available water for the plants. Based on multicriteria analysis methods, it was deduced that the most endangered parts are located at the edge, while this risk is much lower in the central part of the management unit. A combination of applied methods (geostatistics and multicriteria analysis) is of great importance for forestry management.

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Weaver, Merle L., and H. Timm. "Influence of Temperature and Plant Water Status on Pollen Viability in Beans." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 113, no. 1 (January 1988): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.113.1.31.

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Abstract The effect of temperature, soil moisture, and diurnal variations in plant water content on pollen viability (PV) in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes was investigated under field conditions in 1981 and 1982. Each year PV, relative water content (RWC), and leaf water potential (LWP) of each cultivar at mean soil moisture tensions (MSMT) of −0.05 and −0.10 MPa were reduced significantly between 0700 hr and 1400 hr. At a MSMT of −0.05 MPa, PV and RWC of both cultivars significantly increased between 1400 hr and 1900 hr. During the same period, the LWP of ‘California Light Red Kidney’ increased to the 0700-hr level, but remained at the 1400-hr level in ‘Gloria’. At a MSMT of −0.10 MPa, PV significantly increased in ‘Gloria’ but failed to increase in ‘California Light Red Kidney’ between 1400 hr and 1900 hr. RWC remained at the 1400-hr level in both cultivars. LWP of ‘California Light Red Kidney’ remained at the 1400-hr level, but continued to decline below the 1400-hr level in ‘Gloria’ during the same period. PV declined as both RWC and LWP decreased. A relative value for the simultaneous contribution of both high ambient temperature and the water status of bean plants to loss of PV was calculated.

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امینی, مهدی, حسین کوهستانی, and فاطمه کاظمیه. "(Effects of water-level decline in Urmia Lake on rural areas (case study: Dole District, Urmia." Environmental Sciences 18, no. 2 (June 21, 2020): 165–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/envs.18.2.165.

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Yager, Richard M., and John C. Fountain. "Effect of Natural Gas Exsolution on Specific Storage in a Confined Aquifer Undergoing Water Level Decline." Ground Water 39, no. 4 (July 2001): 517–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02340.x.

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Lishawa, Shane C., Dennis A. Albert, and Nancy C. Tuchman. "Water Level Decline Promotes Typha X glauca Establishment and Vegetation Change in Great Lakes Coastal Wetlands." Wetlands 30, no. 6 (November 11, 2010): 1085–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13157-010-0113-z.

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Li, Qian, Ziheng Shangguan, Mark Wang, Dengcai Yan, Ruizhi Zhai, and Chuanhao Wen. "Risk Assessment of China’s Water-Saving Contract Projects." Water 12, no. 10 (September 25, 2020): 2689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12102689.

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In order to alleviate the problem of water shortage, the Ministry of Water Resources of China proposed a Water-Saving Contract (WSC) project management model in 2014, which is similar to the Energy Performance Contract (EPC). In this context, this research aims to explore the applicability of China’s WSC projects by risk assessment, and to help promote WSC projects in China. Different from traditional risk assessment, this paper takes into account the uncertainty of the EPC project’s risks, and adopts the multielement connection degree set pair analysis to evaluate both the level and trend of the risks. The results show: (1) the overall risk of China’s WSC projects is low, so WSC projects are very suitable for promotion in China. However, the overall risk shows a trend of decelerated ascent, which shows that there are some potential high-risk factors in China’s WSC projects; (2) among the many risks of the WSC projects, audit risk, financing risk, and payment risk are at a high-risk level; market competition risk is at a medium-risk level; the remaining risks are at a low-risk level; (3) among the medium and high risks, audit risk, financing risk, and market competition risk have a trend of accelerated ascent, while payment risk has a trend of decelerated decline; in low risks, inflation risk has a trend of decelerated ascent, while the remaining risks have a trend of accelerated decline.

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Micklin, P., N. V. Aladin, I. S. Plotnikov, and Z. K. Ermakhanov. "Possible the Future of the Aral Sea Residual Water Bodies Fauna." Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 320, no. 2 (June 24, 2016): 221–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2016.320.2.221.

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The Aral Sea, a large saline terminal lake in Central Asia, since 1960 dries quickly, and by September 2009 it had separated into four residual water reservoirs. The maximum water level decline exceeded 26 m, the surface area has decreased by 88% and water volume by 92%. Salinity increased by more than 20-fold. Prior to the modern recession, the Aral Sea experienced a number of water level declines and subsequent recoveries over the last 10 millennia. The main causative factor until the 1960s was the periodic westward diversion of the Amu Dar’ya towards the Caspian Sea by both natural and human forces. Modern regression is the result of irrigation development and has caused many severe problems. To restore the Aral Sea to its present state would be very difficult, if not impossible, in the foreseeable future. However, a partial restoration of its separate parts is possible. Completed in 2005 project has allowed to raise the level of the Small (northern) Aral Sea and further reduce its salinity. In the paper are discussed plans for further rehabilitation of the Small Sea and possible restoration of some parts of the Large (southern) Aral Sea.

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Ikkonen, Elena, Svetlana Chazhengina, and Marija Jurkevich. "Nutrient and Water Use Efficiency at Leaf Level of Cucumber Plants under Contrasting Soil Nutrient and Lignosulfonate Level." Biology and Life Sciences Forum 4, no. 1 (November 30, 2020): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecps2020-08611.

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To reduce the use of commercial conventional inorganic fertilizers, the possibility of using pulp and paper industry wastes in agriculture as an alternative source of nutrients has recently been under study and discussion. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of sodium lignosulfonate application to soil on photosynthetic leaf nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Mn) and water use efficiency. A pot culture experiment was conducted with cucumber seedlings using five lignosulfonate concentrations (0, 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 vol. %) in sandy soil under sufficient or low nutrient availability for plants. The impact of nutrient availability on plant physiological traits was stronger than the lignosulfonate impact. Under the condition of sufficient nutrient availability, the lignosulfonate application decreased N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Fe use efficiency, increased Mn use efficiency, and did not change water use efficiency. The decrease in nutrient use efficiency was connected with both photosynthetic rate decrease and leaf nutrient content increase. The decline in soil nutrient availability caused a decrease in nutrient and water use efficiency. Under low nutrient availability, soil lignosulfonate tended to increase nutrient and water use efficiency, but it was not successful in eliminating the negative effects of soil nutrient deficiency on plant growth, photosynthetic processes, and efficiency of nutrient use.

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Zhang, Yujie, Ninglian Wang, Xuewen Yang, and Zhonglei Mao. "The Dynamic Changes of Lake Issyk-Kul from 1958 to 2020 Based on Multi-Source Satellite Data." Remote Sensing 14, no. 7 (March 24, 2022): 1575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14071575.

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Lake Issyk-Kul is the largest alpine lake in arid Central Asia. In recent years, the lake has become a subject of special concern due to the dramatic fluctuations in its water level. In this study, the long-term continuous changes in the water level of Lake Issyk-Kul were derived from hydro-meteorological stations, CryoSat-2, and ICESat-2 satellites. Changes in area were analyzed by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) Global Surface Water (GSW) dataset based on the Google Earth Engine and the variations in water volume were estimated by an empirical formula. The results indicate that the water level of Lake Issyk-Kul fluctuated between 1606.06 m and 1608.32 m during 1958–2020, showing a slight decrease of 0.02 m/year on average. The water level first experienced a significant decreasing trend of 0.05 m/year from 1958 to 1998, and then began to rise rapidly by 0.10 m/year during 1998–2006, followed by a fluctuating decline after 2006. The area of Lake Issyk-Kul exhibited a downward trend before 1998, then a rapid expansion during 1998–2006, and short-term fluctuations in decline thereafter. Meanwhile, changes in water volume of Lake Issyk-Kul followed a similar pattern of variations in water level and area. According to comprehensive analyses, the continuous downward trend of the water level before 1998 was primarily affected by substantial anthropogenic water consumption in the basin. However, since the 21st century, the increases in precipitation and glacier meltwater and the reduced water consumption have collectively facilitated the short-term recovery of Lake Issyk-Kul in water level, area, and water volume.

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Tankiwala, A. K., R. M. Naik, and M. J. Patel. "Farmers awareness level about soil related issues and its causes." Gujarat Journal of Extension Education 34, no. 2 (December 25, 2022): 120–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.56572/gjoee.2022.34.2.0026.

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Environmental degradation and climate change are the two major problems confronting agriculture today. Soil is key factor and play important role in agriculture production. Land degradation is decline in productivity of land. It is estimated that 97.85 million ha area of country is undergoing land degradetation. There are various factor responsible for soil degradation like climate change, excessive use of fertilizers and chemicals, soil transportation, sea water intrusion, water-wind erosion, movement of heavy vehicle, urbanization, industries effluent etc. The study was conducted in seven district of South Gujarat. Two taluka were selected from each district and five villages from each selected taluks. Five respondents were selected randomly from each selected villages. Thus, total 350 respondents selected for present investigation. Respondents had moderate level of awareness about soil related issues. Majority of respondents were aware about climate change and sea water intrusion was the key factor in deteriorate the soil quality.

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Tao, Xiu Yu, Dong Xiang, Wei Sun, and Yong Li. "Study on Time Effect of Rock Fill Dam Seepage Line." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 2041–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.2041.

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In dam seepage line monitoring process, dam saturation line "inverted siphon" phenomenon appeared. In order to study the time effect, indoor model test were done. The dam seepage line rules and conditions were determined. The results show that when the reservoir water level dips, the dam seepage line with the decreasing of the water level will drop. But the changing has lagged far behind. Hysteresis and permeability dam, seepage path length, the upstream water level and other factors related to the rate of decline.

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Wu, Li Ming, and Zhen Qiang Wang. "Three Gorges Reservoir Water Level Fluctuation Influents on the Stability of the Slope's Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 739 (August 2013): 283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.739.283.

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Since the three Gorges reservoir Water storage, reservoir water level have about 30m water levels fluctuation every year, different level will lead to the bank slope infiltration lines rise and fall, and influent on the bank slopes stability. The test according to Manzo reservoir laboratory test data and geological survey report, using the finite element software of ANSYS to establish the finite element model. The model put different water level decline speed, different osmotic coefficient and the different infiltration recharge tension cases to analysis separately,the result shows:1) more greater the reductions speed, more steeper the saturation lines luffing, more adverse the slopes stability;2) more smaller the permeability coefficient, more poor the slopes drainage capacity,more steeper the infiltration line, more poor the slopes stability; 3) seepage lines position higher than no infiltration seepage lines position.

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Krishnakumar, B., V. N. Anupama, S. Anju, and M. Rugminisukumar. "Effect of triclosan on protozoa in wastewater treating bioreactors." Water Science and Technology 63, no. 4 (February 1, 2011): 754–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.304.

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The effect of antimicrobial chemical, triclosan (TCS) on protozoa present in aerobic and anaerobic bioreactors for wastewater treatment is reported in this study. Bioreactor sludge ciliated protozoa such as Spirostomum, Cyclidium and Colpoda and flagellated protozoa Mastigella were exposed to TCS at 1 mg/L level in batch cultures. The response of TCS on protozoa was followed by microscopic observation of the sludge at specific time intervals. Among the protozoa in aerobic sludge, Colpoda exhibited strong sensitivity to triclosan and the cells distorted and burst in 20 minutes period. Mastigella and Spirostomum were resistant to triclosan for first two days, but afterwards the mobility was found declined and subsequently mortality increased to 100% in four and five days respectively. Anaerobic sludge ciliate, Cyclidium exhibited morphological distortion and motility decline after 1 hour exposure to triclosan. The sludge flocs were affected and pelagic cell count declined by the presence of triclosan at the tested level.

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Curtis, PS, and A. Lauchli. "The Role of Leaf Area Development and Photosynthetic Capacity in Determining Growth of Kenaf under Moderate Salt Stress." Functional Plant Biology 13, no. 4 (1986): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9860553.

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Growth, net CO2 exchange rate and plant water relations were analysed in kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) cv. Cuba-108, a stem fibre crop, grown at 1, 37 and 75 mM NaCl. Dry weight was reduced only at 75 mM NaCl although leaf area was affected at both 37 and 75 mM NaCl. Growth analysis following nine serial harvests over 40 days showed a significant decline in leaf area ratio with salt stress but no decrease in net assimilation rate. CO2 exchange rate, measured on recently expanded leaves by infrared gas analysis, increased in plants grown at 37 mM NaCl and was unchanged at 75 mM NaCl. Pressure-volume analysis of plant water relations showed an osmotic adjustment of 0.15 MPa in plants grown at 75 mM but no adjustment at 37 mM NaCl. Turgor potential declined in plants grown at either salt level and fell to near zero during midday. We conclude that growth in kenaf under moderate salt stress is affected primarily through a reduction in expansive growth and leaf area development rather than a decline in photosynthetic capacity.

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Alvyar, Zohreh, Farzin Shahbazi, Shahin Oustan, Orhan Dengiz, and Budiman Minasny. "Digital mapping of potentially toxic elements enrichment in soils of Urmia Lake due to water level decline." Science of The Total Environment 808 (February 2022): 152086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152086.

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Ye, Xu-chun, Fu-hong Liu, Zeng-xin Zhang, and Chong-Yu Xu. "Quantifying the Impact of Compounding Influencing Factors to the Water Level Decline of China’s Largest Freshwater Lake." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 146, no. 6 (June 2020): 05020006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0001211.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Water level decline'

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