Relevant bibliographies by topics / Water footprint (WF)

Academic literature on the topic 'Water footprint (WF)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Contents

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Water footprint (WF).'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Water footprint (WF)"

1

Ewaid, Salam, Salwan Abed, and Nadhir Al-Ansari. "Water Footprint of Wheat in Iraq." Water 11, no. 3 (March 14, 2019): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11030535.

Full text
Abstract:
The water footprint (WF) is an indicator of indirect and direct fresh water use. In respect of facilitating decision-making processes, WF gives an excellent perspective on how and where fresh water is used in the supply chain. More than 39 million people live in Iraq and, with a growing population, there is a water shortage and a rising demand for food that cannot be met in the future. In this study, the WF of wheat production is estimated for the year 2016–2017 for 15 Iraqi provinces. The WF was calculated using the method of Mekonnen and Hoekstra (2011) and the CROPWAT and CLIMWAT softwares’ crop water requirement option. It was found that the WF in m3/ton was 1876 m3/ton. The 15 provinces showed variations in WFs, which can be ascribed to the difference in climate and production values. The highest wheat WF was found in Nineveh province, followed by Muthanna, Anbar, and Basra. The last three provinces produce little and have a high WF so, in these provinces, wheat can be replaced with crops that need less water and provide more economic benefit. There is an opportunity to reduce the green WF by increasing production from the 4 rain-fed provinces, which will reduce the need for production from the irrigated provinces and, therefore, reduce the use of blue water.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Rao, J. Himanshu, Mahesh Kumar Hardaha, and Hardikkumar Mansukhbhai Vora. "The Water Footprint Assessment of Agriculture in Banjar River Watershed." Current World Environment 14, no. 3 (December 30, 2019): 476–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.14.3.15.

Full text
Abstract:
The water footprint (WF) is a spatially explicit character of water use in terms of consumption or pollution for producing a product, commodity or service. The WF of a crop may be defined as the amount of water required for producing the crop over the complete growing season. The present study was carried out to assess the WF of agriculture in Banjar river watershed (BRW) over the period 2000 - 2013. The WF of crops were evaluated and their further multiplication with production (ton/yr) in the watershed yielded the water footprint of crop production (WFCP) in Banjar river watershed whose further summation gave WF of agriculture in BRW. The findings depicted that the water footprint of rice was maximum (7848 m3/ton) followed by gram (5782 m3/ton) and wheat (5417 m3/ton). The crop with least WF was maize (2886 m3/ton). These values of WF are much higher than the national average WF for different crops grown in India. Lower crop yields due to improper irrigation practices, low fertilizer application rates and improper on farm water management practices are the primary reasons of such high values of WF of crops in BRW. The water footprint of agriculture in BRW was 690.37 million m3/yr with 59.74 % WFgreen, 39.69 % WFblue and 0.56 % WF grey. Rice was having maximum share in water footprint of agriculture in BRW with 87.38 % of total water footprint followed by gram (4.97 %), wheat (4.33 %) and maize (1.31%).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

LAI-LI, WANG, DING XUE-MEI, and WU XIONG-YING. "Water footprint assessment for Chinese textiles manufacturing sector." Industria Textila 68, no. 02 (March 1, 2017): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.068.02.1303.

Full text
Abstract:
The industrial manufacturing of textiles is water intensive. The textiles manufacturing sector is one of the largest freshwater consumption sectors, and also is one of the largest wastewater discharge sectors in China. This study aims at assessing Chinese textiles manufacturing sector’s water footprints (WFs) and investigating the influencing factors of them based on WF methodology and Kaya identities. The results showed that the demanded blue operational WF and the actual blue operational WF increased from 1996 to 2011 though there was a transitory decline in 2008. The peak value of demanded blue operational WF and actual blue operational WF was 10.8 Gm3/yr and 7.9 Gm3/yr respectively and appeared in 2007. The original grey operational WF increased faster and much larger than the residuary grey operational WF in the selected temporal interval. WF productivity increased continuously from 1996 to 2011, especially in the period from 2007 to 2011. The scale enlargement of the textiles manufacturing sector is the promotion factor for the increasing of actual blue operational WF and residuary grey operational WF. The decrease of WF intensity is the main inhibited factor. The inhibiting effect of pollutants removal on the increase of residuary grey operational WF is larger than that of water reuse on the increase of actual blue operational WF
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Liu, Heng, Lijun Ren, Huimin Zhuo, and Sanze Fu. "Water Footprint and Water Pinch Analysis in Ethanol Industrial Production for Water Management." Water 11, no. 3 (March 12, 2019): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11030518.

Full text
Abstract:
Fuel ethanol is considered to be a clean alternative fuel to meet increasing energy demands and mitigate environmental pollution. Faced with challenges in terms of energy security and environmental pollution, China is vigorously developing fuel ethanol. However, ethanol-manufacturing is a water-intensive industry; it consumes large volumes of fresh water and generates a corresponding amount of waste water. Expansion of this industry can reduce water quality and cause water stress. This study aims to combine the water footprint (WF) with a water pinch analysis technique to manage water consumption and sewage discharge systematically in an ethanol plant. A well-operated cassava ethanol plant in China was chosen as a case study. The WF of industrial ethanol production was evaluated. The total WF was 17.08 L/L ethanol, comprised of a 7.69 L blue water footprint (BWF), and a 9.39 L gray water footprint (GWF). The direct WF was 16.38 L/L ethanol, and the indirect WF was 0.70 L/L ethanol. Thereafter, a water pinch analysis was conducted, and the optimal direct water reuse scheme was studied. After the water network was optimized, the BWF was reduced by 0.98 L/L ethanol, while the GWF was reduced by 1.47 L/L ethanol. These results indicate that the combined use of WF and pinch analysis can provide the starch-based ethanol industry with an effective tool to improve its water management.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Wang, Lai Li, Xue Mei Ding, and Xiong Ying Wu. "The Water Footprint of Wool Scouring." Key Engineering Materials 671 (November 2015): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.671.65.

Full text
Abstract:
Raw wool contains high percentage by weight of natural contaminants. It is usually treated by a scouring process in the first stage of textile processing. Wool scouring process consumes large quantities of fresh water and produces concentrated effluent with very high oxygen demand, aggravating the water resource shortage and environmental impacts. Water footprint (WF) is a multidimensional indicator that shows water consumption volumes by source and polluted volumes by type of pollution. This study discusses the environmental impacts assessment of wool scouring process based on the WF theory. Through cases study, it was found that chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) was the most critical pollutant associated with the largest pollutant-specific original grey WF (WFori, grey), while NH3-N was the most critical pollutant associated with the largest pollutant-specific residuary grey WF (WFres, grey). The average WFori, greyof wool scouring process was 51878 m3/d, approximately 291 times of blue WF (WFblue). After treatment of the scouring effluent through floatation reflux-biological contact oxidizing technology, the WFori, greyreduced to 558 m3/d. Refluxing and regulating, oil removal were two important processes that contributed largely to effluent treatment as they reduced WFori, greyby 28537 m3/d and 23171 m3/d, respectively.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Da Silva, Vicente De Paulo Rodrigues, Kettrin Farias Bem Maracajá, Lincoln Eloi De Araújo, José Dantas Neto, Danilo De Oliveira Aleixo, and João Hugo Baracuy da Cunha Campos. "Water footprint of individuals with different diet patterns." Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 8, no. 1 (April 26, 2013): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.967.

Full text
Abstract:
The “water footprint” (WF) concept has been recently introduced as an important indicator of human water consumption. WF is defined as the total volume of water used during the production and consumption of goods and services as well as of direct water consumption by humans. The objective of this work was to use the WF concept to analyze vegetarian and non-vegetarian consumers with different levels of family income. A case study was conducted with residents of Caicó city (Brazil) in order to estimate total amount of water consumed or polluted while producing the goods and services utilized by these consumers. The results indicated that, on average, the WF of the vegetarian consumer represents 58% of non- vegetarian consumers. The WF of the non-vegetarian female consumer was 10-13% smaller than that of the male consumer while for vegetarian consumers the female’s WF was only 5.8% less than the male’s. The WF of the consumer increases linearly with the family income. A population’s water footprint increases as a function of family income and decreases according to eating habits.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Elina, Saarivuori, Molarius Riitta, Wessman-Jääskeläinen Helena, and Poussa Liisa. "Connecting water footprint and water risk assessment: case packaging board." Water Practice and Technology 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 229–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2015.025.

Full text
Abstract:
A company can evaluate water impacts related to its activities with the help of water footprint (WF), allowing manufacturer to identify freshwater consumption and degradation hotspots along the value chain. However, WF does not directly consider the environmental or process related risks caused by water use. This study aims at providing a framework for more extensive and complementary water assessments by connecting two environmental tools, WF and water risk assessment. Product system of a packaging board is used as a case example. WF assessment is carried out in accordance with the ISO 14046 Standard. Risk analysis focuses on the WF hotspots by analysing the local environmental circumstances and the main risks, their likelihood and consequences. The results show that water stress indicator is sensitive to input and output water qualities. The significance of local environmental circumstances (potential for droughts and shallow water levels, upstream water storages) on the water-based risks are highlighted in the results. The use of complementary methods reveals opposing interests: the lowest WF results of the studied scenarios include a risk for poor product quality. The results offer valuable information to a manufacturer on self-inflicted water impact and the role of indirect water use, helping to integrate water risk approach in the strategic planning.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Xu, Ziyao, Jijian Lian, Ran Wang, Ying Qiu, Tianhua Song, and Kaixun Hua. "Development of Method for Assessing Water Footprint Sustainability." Water 14, no. 5 (February 22, 2022): 694. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14050694.

Full text
Abstract:
Large scale production of water-intensive industrial products can intensify water scarcity, resulting in potential unsustainable water use at local and regional scales. This study proposes a methodological framework for assessing the WF sustainability of multiple interdependent products in a system, and one of China’s four major large modern coal chemical industry bases is used as a case study. A Mixed-Unit Input-Output (MUIO) model was applied to calculate the blue water footprint (WF) for 19 major coal-based energy and chemicals in the study area, based on which the WF sustainability of production of the products were assessed using different indicators. Technical coefficient matrix and direct water consumption vector of the products were constructed based a database that were built by field research in the study area. Accounting result indicates that the blue WF of the coal-based products range from 2.5 × 10−4 m3/kWh for coal-fired power to 55.25 m3/t for Polytetrahydrofuran. The sustainability assessment reveals that the blue WF of all products produced in the study area are sustainable at both product and regional levels, while over half of them have reached the advanced level. However, the blue WF of a few products with large production capacities has just crossed the sustainable thresholds, posing potential threat to the local environment. This paper concludes with a discussion on the choice of blue WF accounting approach, methods to promote WF sustainability of coal-based products, and suggestions for the WF management in general.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Zhuo, La, Bianbian Feng, and Pute Wu. "Water Footprint Study Review for Understanding and Resolving Water Issues in China." Water 12, no. 11 (October 25, 2020): 2988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12112988.

Full text
Abstract:
The water footprint (WF) is a widely recognised and comprehensive indicator of both the direct and indirect appropriation of freshwater. It has been utilised for diverse functions, including as a key indicator of the planetary boundaries and United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Focusing on the nation with the greatest WF, i.e., China, this study reviews journal articles both in English and Chinese published from January 2003 to June 2020. Using CiteSpace and bibliometric analysis of papers, journals, and keywords, we explore state-of-the-art WF accounting, driving forces, and effects. Visible differences in WF accounting keywords and spatial scales between English and Chinese literature are identified. Reported WF values for the same product varied across studies, and there was a lack of information regarding uncertainties. Key driving factors have been largely investigated for agricultural WFs but not for other sectors. The WF impact analyses primarily assess the environmental effects, ignoring the associated social and economic impacts. The development of WF studies has improved our understanding of water issues in China. However, there are still existing knowledge gaps to be filled to find solutions to WF-related issues.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Thaler, S., M. Zessner, F. Bertran De Lis, N. Kreuzinger, and R. Fehringer. "Considerations on methodological challenges for water footprint calculations." Water Science and Technology 65, no. 7 (April 1, 2012): 1258–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.006.

Full text
Abstract:
We have investigated how different approaches for water footprint (WF) calculations lead to different results, taking sugar beet production and sugar refining as examples. To a large extent, results obtained from any WF calculation are reflective of the method used and the assumptions made. Real irrigation data for 59 European sugar beet growing areas showed inadequate estimation of irrigation water when a widely used simple approach was used. The method resulted in an overestimation of blue water and an underestimation of green water usage. Dependent on the chosen (available) water quality standard, the final grey WF can differ up to a factor of 10 and more. We conclude that further development and standardisation of the WF is needed to reach comparable and reliable results. A special focus should be on standardisation of the grey WF methodology based on receiving water quality standards.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Conference papers on the topic "Water footprint (WF)"

1

Romaguera, Mireia, Leonidas Toulios, Gheorghe Stancalie, Argentina Nertan, Marios Spiliotopoulos, Piotr Struzik, Eman J. Calleja, and Giorgos Papadavid. "Identification of the key variables that can be estimated using remote sensing data and needed for Water Footprint (WF) assessment." In Second International Conference on Remote Sensing and Geoinformation of the Environment (RSCy2014), edited by Diofantos G. Hadjimitsis, Kyriacos Themistocleous, Silas Michaelides, and Giorgos Papadavid. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2066120.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Water footprint (WF)' for particular source types:
Journal articles
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography