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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Water fitne

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Academic literature on the topic 'Water fitne'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Water fitne"

1

ZHOU, Tao, Xiaolu FANG, Xu YANG, Daping LIN, and Yunan FAN. "ICONE23-1274 RESEARCH OF FINE PARTICLE THERMOPHORESIS DEPOSITION IN SUPERCRITICAL WATER." Proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE) 2015.23 (2015): _ICONE23–1—_ICONE23–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicone.2015.23._icone23-1_135.

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Buddensiek, V., H. Engel, S. Fleischauer-Rössing, S. Olbrich, and K. Wächtler. "Studies on the chemistry of interstitial water taken from defined horizons in the fine sediments of bivalve habitats in several northern German lowland waters I: Sampling techniques." Archiv für Hydrobiologie 119, no. 1 (July 20, 1990): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/119/1990/55.

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Tan, Ching Soon, Phooi Yee Lau, Paulo L. Correia, and Aida Campos. "Automatic analysis of deep-water remotely operated vehicle footage for estimation of Norway lobster abundance." Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 19, no. 8 (August 2018): 1042–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1631/fitee.1700720.

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Watanabe, Masao, Toshiyuki Sanada, Atsushi Hayashida, and Yoichi Isago. "Cleaning Technique Using High-Speed Steam-Water Mixed Spray." Solid State Phenomena 145-146 (January 2009): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.145-146.43.

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A novel cleaning technique using steam-water mixed spray is proposed. Relatively low-pressure super-purified steam (0.1 MPa - 0.2 MPa) is mixed with super-purified water in a nozzle, and then sprayed on a silicon wafer surface, which is located at approximately 10 mm from the nozzle. The most striking result of this proposed technique is that we are able to clean a wafer surface, i.e., to eliminate fine particles, without using any chemicals.

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Utomo, Adityo Budi, Bhima Dhanardono, and Laely Fitria Hidayatiningrum. "Vehicle Trajectory Test on Interlocking Pavement Made From No Fine Agregate Concrete." MEDIA KOMUNIKASI TEKNIK SIPIL 27, no. 1 (August 20, 2021): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/mkts.v27i1.27387.

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In rainy season, many cases of roads being submerged in water because of a lack of drainage capacity and low water absorption by the subgrade. This study makes no fine aggregate concrete as an interlocking pavement to increase water absorption to the drainage layer and subgrade. No fine aggregate concrete is made from mix of cement : coarse aggregate = 1 : 6 with water cement ratio 0,4. The results showed the value of specific gravity, water absorption, compressive strength, and Na2SO4 resistance are 1,703 gr/cm3, 2.57%, 10.8 MPa, and 0.79%. To see the level of interlocking pavement performance, no fine aggregate concrete is arranged above the drainage layer and the levelling layer, and then a trajectory and inundation test is performed. The result of inundation and trajectory tests shows that interlocking pavement can pass water to subgrade without inundation and can withstand the wheel loader that is equivalent to 13,000 kg so that it can be used for sidewalks, park lanes, and pavement with a maximum axle load of 8 tons.

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Solé, Jordi, Mikhail Emelianov, Alexander Ostrovskii, Pere Puig, and Emilio García-Ladona. "Fine-scale water mass variability inside a narrow submarine canyon (the Besòs Canyon) in the NW Mediterranean Sea." Scientia Marina 80, S1 (September 30, 2016): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04322.05a.

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Capehart, Kevin W. "Fine Water: A Hedonic Pricing Approach." Journal of Wine Economics 10, no. 2 (August 4, 2015): 129–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jwe.2015.15.

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AbstractBottles of water vary in price with some priced as if they were bottles of fine wine. This article attempts to explain price differences between over 100 bottled waters included in a guidebook to fine waters by drawing on the hedonic pricing approach, which has been used to try to explain price differences among bottles of wine. As part of that approach, the price of each bottled water is regressed against various characteristics, including those related to its water. Water-related characteristics explain only a small part of the price differences among the bottled waters. Thus, to a large extent, the premium that consumers pay for a more expensive bottled water does not seem to be a premium for its water. (JEL Classifications: C21, Q25)

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Capehart, Kevin W., and Elena C. Berg. "Fine Water: A Blind Taste Test." Journal of Wine Economics 13, no. 1 (February 2018): 20–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jwe.2017.50.

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AbstractTo test whether consumers can distinguish among different bottled waters and, if so, whether they prefer some to others, we recruited more than 100 subjects to participate in a blind taste test that consisted of four brands of bottled water featured in a restaurant's water menu and a guidebook to fine waters. The tasting involved three successive experiments. First, our subjects tried to distinguish bottled waters in a sensory discrimination test. They were only slightly better than random chance at doing so. Next, they rated bottled waters and tap water on a 14-point scale used at an international water competition. Some subjects preferred the inexpensive tap water to any of the bottled waters, and there was no association or a weak negative association between a bottled water's price and its rating. Finally, our subjects tried to distinguish tap from bottled water while matching the bottled waters to expert descriptions. They were no better than random chance at doing either of those things. Similar results have been found in previous taste tests of beer and wine. Overall, our results suggest consumers do not have strong preferences over different bottled waters to the extent they can even tell a difference. (JEL Classifications: D12, Q25)

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Sridharan, A., and K. Prakash. "Characteristic water contents of a fine-grained soil—water system." Géotechnique 48, no. 3 (June 1998): 337–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/geot.1998.48.3.337.

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Clarke, Jenni. "Water works." Early Years Educator 22, no. 11 (June 2, 2021): S4—S5. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/eyed.2021.22.11.s4.

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Playing with water is fun and encourages fine and gross motor skills. Add large resources such as pipes, guttering and hoses to support children's dexterity and confidence as they explore, and think about, the nature of water.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Water fitne"

1

Hall, Jacob Griffin Hall. "Water in Knots." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1499102788266564.

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Simmers, Lauren Michelle. "Deeper than Water." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1555266957811109.

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Greenberg, Julie Anne. "Remembering Land Remembering Water." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1275406836.

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Newman, Kathleen A. (Kathleen Anne). "Cycling of fine particles between water and sediments." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13629.

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Adams, Irena Zdena. "Exploration of water-based inks in fine art screenprinting." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263243.

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Brook-Roberge, Daniel Grant. "Measurements of neutrino interactions on water using a fine-grained scintillator detector with water targets." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43215.

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Measurements of neutrino interaction cross-sections are important for the study of neutrino oscillations. For the T2K experiment, which has a near detector with a primarily carbon target and a far detector with an oxygen target, the cross-section difference is important for correctly comparing the neutrino fluxes at the two detectors. This dissertation presents a first measurement of the ratio between oxygen and carbon of the muon neutrino charge-current inclusive cross-section using the T2K near detector, ND280. The design and construction methods of the water target system in the ND280 Fine-Grained Detector (FGD) will be discussed, as will a new algorithm for reconstructing particle tracks contained within the FGD. The data analysis leading to the cross-section ratio measurement will be described. It is based on a statistical subtraction method which extracts the contribution of the FGD water mass to the total interaction rate for the FGD with water targets. We find an oxygen/carbon ratio of 1.129 ± 0.114 (stat) ± 0.044 (syst) from the ND280 data, a 1.39σ difference from the Monte Carlo prediction of 0.954 ± 0.029.

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Evans, Douglas. "Soil water regime, root water extraction and the growth of fine roots of Sitka Spruce." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1988. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU020973.

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The effect of removing soil water stress on fine root growth and the pattern of water use was studied by irrigating a small plot (20 m x 20 m) of 40 year old Sitka spruce. A control plot was established close by. Soil water content and soil matric potential were measured independently on both plots at several depths. Root growth was measured using monthly coring for the surface horizons (c. 10 cm depth) and ingrowth cores to study rooting at depth. In the absence of irrigation the 2 plots had similar water regimes. The irrigation kept matric potential > 20 kPa and water content > 20%. Areas between trees were wetter than areas close to stems and wetted up more during periods of rainfall. This is in contrast to young plantations where stemflow accounts for a much larger proportion of precipitation reaching the forest floor. At field capacity most of the water uptake was from near the surface but as the profile dries the proportion from depth increases, at the end of a dry period 50% of uptake was from the bottom half of the rooted zone. Water uptake from below the rooted zone was small. Irrigation had a significant effect on root tip density and on small root mass but not on fine and dead root masses. Root tip density stayed high through the summer with irrigation but fell on the control plot, the number of tips began to increase earlier on the control plot. This is interpreted as irrigation increasing the longevity of tips from 2-3 months (control) to 5 months. Rewetting of the soil in autumn appears to act as a cue for an increase in root growth. Irrigation had no effect on root growth at depth and there was no difference in growth at different depths on either plot.

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Rinne, John N. "Relationship of Fine Sediment and Two Native Southwestern Fish Species." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296569.

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Smith, Andrew. "Dynamical behaviour of water-immersed fine grains subjected to vertical vibration." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438426.

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Johnston, S. A. "Mitigation of gas and vapour cloud explosions using fine water sprays." Thesis, University of Salford, 2015. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/34129/.

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For the past fifty years or so, there has been a great deal of interest in the use of water based explosion suppression systems, designed to mitigate or reduce the impact of thermal explosions and their consequential overpressures, which may be as high as 2MPa in outdoor environments. This level of interest has been heightened in more recent years due to a number of high loss explosion events including, Flixborough, UK (1974), Piper Alpha, North Sea (1998) and Buncefield, UK (2005). All of the previous research has focused on the suppression and mitigation proficiency of existing or new water deluge systems, which deploy sprays containing droplets 200≤D32≤1000μm. Where a high speed flame propagates through a region of spray containing such droplets, the flow ahead of the flame will hydrodynamically break up the droplets into fine mist, which in turn will act as a heat sink in the flame, with a resulting degree of suppression. These studies concluded that in most cases, existing deluge systems contributed to a global reduction in flame speed and thus caused a decrease in the resultant damaging overpressures. This present study however, is focused on the mitigation of slow moving deflagrations with resulting speeds of ≤30m/s. A flame travelling at such low relative speeds will not possess the inertia to inflict secondary atomisation by hydrodynamic break up. Consequently, the droplets within the spray must be small enough to extract heat in the short finite moments that the flame and droplets interact (approximately 0.03ms for a representative 1mm thick flame front). Previous theoretical studies have suggested that droplets, D32, in the order of 10μm - 20μm will be required to successfully mitigate combustion without relying on further droplet break up. To date, there have been no other published experimental studies in this area. An innovative high pressure atomiser known as a Spill Return Atomiser (SRA) was selected, which contained a unique swirl chamber and was originally developed for decontamination and disinfection. The efficient atomisation of the SRA produced fine sprays containing droplets, D32, 15μm - 20μm. A series of „cold trials‟ were conducted to further develop the single SRA, which manifested in the creation of several exclusive single and multiple spray options in counter, parallel and cross flow, with the direction of the propagating flame. These new configurations were supplied with deionised water at a liquid pressure of 13MPa and were qualitatively analysed using High Definition (HD) imagery and quantitatively characterised using non-intrusive laser techniques. During the development stages of this study the SRA spray cone angle was increased from 34.7˚ to 49.2˚and the exit orifice flow rate was raised from 0.295 L/min to 1.36 L/min. The increase in flow rate provided a number of spray options ranging from 17≤D32≤29μm, with liquid volume flux of 0.011 cm3/s/cm2 - 0.047cm3/s/cm2 and mean droplet velocity of 0m/s - 21.4m/s, with the resulting characteristics giving way to complete explosion mitigation qualities. The second phase of this study was to conceive, design and build a suitable apparatus capable of producing slow representative flame speeds within the range of 5 m/s - 30m/s. In excess of 250 mitigation „hot trials‟ were performed using the unique conformations produced during the „cold trials‟, whereby a configuration consisting of 4 x SRA‟s in cross flow (X/F) configuration, successfully and repeatedly, completely mitigated homogeneous methane-air mixtures throughout the whole flammable range E.R. 0.5≤(ϕ)1.0≤ 1.69 (5 - 15%), with flame speeds ranging from 5 - 30m/s. The combined spray configuration consisted of four SRA‟s which were 105mm apart and each opposed by 120˚, thus providing a total spray region of 315mm (spray centre to centre). As the sprays did not overlap or converge, the liquid volume flux remained as 0.047cm3/s/cm2. With droplets, D32, ≤30μm generally requiring impact velocities of approximately ≥142.83m/s to break up further, the flame speeds experienced in these trials of ≤30m/s would not have caused hydrodynamic break up of the droplets in the sprays. Therefore, due to the flame speeds and drop sizes utilised in this study, the droplets entering the flame front would have been in their original form. Although some comparisons were made using the experimental data with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), it proved to be an extremely complicated phenomenon. This was due to the presence and interaction of the complexities of the combustion process and other variables such as water droplet dynamics and heat transfer modes. As such, a set of recommendations have therefore been proposed in pursuing this work in future projects.

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Books on the topic "Water fitne"

1

Mascha, Michael. Fine waters. Philadelphia, Pa: Quirk, 2006.

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Mascha, Michael. Fine waters. Philadelphia, Pa: Quirk, 2006.

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Fite, Walter. Oral history interview: Walter Fite. Denver, Colorado: Bureau of Reclamation, Oral History Program, 2014.

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The power of water. Sankt-Peterburg: Palace editions, 2008.

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Sotheby's (Firm). Fine photographs: From the Collection of Paul F. Walter. London: Sotheby's, 2001.

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Press, Incline. A selection of poems on the theme of water. [Oldham, England]: Incline Press, 2008.

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The making of Polder cities: A fine Dutch tradition. Heyningen: JAP SAM Books, 2014.

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Sharma, Mahendra K., and F. J. Micale, eds. Surface Phenomena and Fine Particles in Water-Based Coatings and Printing Technology. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3812-7.

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Fine Particle Society Symposium on Surface Phenomena and Fine Particles in Water-based Coatings and Printing Technology (1989 Boston, Mass.). Surface phenomena and fine particles in water-based coatings and printing technology. New York: Plenum Press, 1991.

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Cipriani, Elio. Lettere dall'acqua: Colloqui di fine millennio su acque e dintorni. Ravenna: Edizioni del Girasole, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Water fitne"

1

Goldfarb, Nancy. "“Watery Words Awash”: The Sounds of Water in Wallace Stevens." In The Aesthetics of Enchantment in the Fine Arts, 49–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3234-5_3.

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Lutenegger, Alan J. "Water Content." In Laboratory Manual for Geotechnical Characterization of Fine-Grained Soils, 3–18. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003263289-2.

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Hair, M. L., and C. P. Tripp. "Water, Hydrophobes and Silica Particles." In Fine Particles Science and Technology, 209–24. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0259-6_16.

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Lutenegger, Alan J. "Hygroscopic Water Content." In Laboratory Manual for Geotechnical Characterization of Fine-Grained Soils, 231–36. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003263289-22.

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Ziegler, Carl Kirk, and Wilbert Lick. "The Transport of Fine-Grained Sediments in Shallow Waters." In Sediment/Water Interactions, 439. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2376-8_41.

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Schälchli, Ueli. "The clogging of coarse gravel river beds by fine sediment." In Sediment/Water Interactions, 189–97. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2783-7_16.

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Lick, Wilbert, James Lick, and C. Kirk Ziegler. "Flocculation and its effect on the vertical transport of fine-grained sediments." In Sediment/Water Interactions, 1–16. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2783-7_1.

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Sly, P. G. "Sediment dispersion: part 1, fine sediments and significance of the silt/clay ratio." In Sediment/Water Interactions, 99–110. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2376-8_10.

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Kostiunina, I. L., A. L. Rozovskii, and S. N. Pogorelov. "Determining the Water Demand of Fine Aggregates." In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Construction, Architecture and Technosphere Safety, 128–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21120-1_13.

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Coakley, John P., John H. Carey, and Brian J. Eadie. "Specific organic components as tracers of contaminated fine sediment dispersal in Lake Ontario near Toronto." In Sediment/Water Interactions, 85–96. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2783-7_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Water fitne"

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Tao, Liang, Lingkui Meng, Zidan Chen, and Deqing Chen. "Research on Water Resources Grid Based on SOA." In 2008 International Seminar on Future Information Technology and Management Engineering (FITME). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fitme.2008.22.

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Kabbes, Karen C., and Michael Hodges. "Removing Fine-Grained Sediments from Urban Waterways." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2007. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40927(243)48.

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Edwards, Essex, and Robert Bridson. "Fine water with coarse grids." In ACM SIGGRAPH 2013 Posters. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2503385.2503391.

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Zuo Zhang, Xiaolin Chang, and Jian Jiao. "The practice of integrated water resource management in China." In 2010 International Conference on Future Information Technology and Management Engineering (FITME). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fitme.2010.5654874.

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Yanglin Li and Bo Zhang. "Experimental investigation on sterilization effect by high concentration ozone water." In 2010 International Conference on Future Information Technology and Management Engineering (FITME). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fitme.2010.5655598.

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Ishikawa, T., and Y. Zhang. "Impact of fine sediment discharge from paddy fields on river water quality: a case study focusing on the rice farming calendar." In WATER POLLUTION 2016. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wp160021.

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Riggio, Mark. "Examining Flow Dynamics in Ballast Water Management Systems." In IMarEST Ballast Water Technology Conference. IMarEST, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24868/bwtc6.2017.009.

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With the recent ratification of the 2004 International Convention for the Control of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments (BWMC) (herewith “the Convention”), the need to install Ballast Water Management Systems (BWMS) onboard existing vessels is expected to grow to an $18 - $25B USD market in the coming few years. As BWMS are added to vessels, these systems will invariably affect the ballasting of ships systems and without a careful study of the dynamics of introducing both a fine mesh mechanical filter and a disinfection stage, the performance of a BWMS onboard a vessel may be compromised significantly. This paper will examine the hydrodynamic impacts of installing a ballast water management system both in the engine room and on deck, the flow dynamics required for proper operation of fine mesh, self-cleaning ballast water treatment filters, and the relative impacts to ballast flow and how these impacts may affect proper sizing of the ballast water management system. The paper will be based both on theoretical design and calculation as well as real-world experience stemming from nearly 400 installed Ultraviolet (UV)-based Ballast Water Treatment Systems (BWTS). The paper should have value for ship owners, designers, installers, and BWTS manufacturers, each of whom may have experienced variable system performance.

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Youling Wan, Bo Zhang, and Chundu Wu. "Research on water environment carrying capacity of Neijiang river basin in Zhenjiang City." In 2010 International Conference on Future Information Technology and Management Engineering (FITME). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fitme.2010.5655596.

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Butz, James R., and Angel Abbud-Madrid. "Handheld Fine Water Mist Extinguisher for Spacecraft." In International Conference On Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2008-01-2040.

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Cheng, Xiangju, Yuning Xie, Dantong Zhu, Xixi Wang, and Jun Xie. "Bubble-Water Surface and Turbulent Diffusion Mass Transfer in Fine Bubble Diffused Aeration Systems." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2017. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784480625.014.

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Reports on the topic "Water fitne"

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Notarianni, Kathy, and William Rinkinen. Protection of data processing equipment with fine water sprays. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.5514.

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Slattery, S. R., P. J. Barnett, A. J. M. Pugin, D. R. Sharpe, D. Goodyear, R E Gerber, S. Holysh, and S. Davies. Tunnel-channel complexes in the Zephyr area, Ontario: potential high-yield aquifers. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331410.

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In south-central Ontario, tunnel channels are primary targets for groundwater exploration due to their potential to contain confined, water-bearing, coarse-grained sediment fills. Despite extensive hydrogeologic and geologic exploration within these features, a comprehensive depositional model that illustrates the spatial distribution of coarse- and fine- grained sediment in tunnel-channel complexes is absent. Work in the Zephr area, north of ORM, presents new subsurface data to improve understanding of this geologic setting and to add to geologic models of these channel systems. Findings result from combined geology, sedimentology, geophysics (seismic profiling) and sediment drilling (mud rotary and continuous core) to better our understanding the shallow channel setting north of ORM, including: 1) spatial distribution of coarse- and fine-grained sediments in tunnel-channels; 2) the architecture of tunnel-channel sequences in confluence zones. Preferred aquifer targets aquifer units in the Zephyr area are identified in areas of channel confluence and channel bends. Channel aquifers are confined by 3.9 to 28.5 m thick deposits of rhythmically bedded silt and clay.

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Ndubizu, Chuka C., Ramagopal Ananth, Damian Rouson, and Frederick W. Williams. Mechanism of Suppression and Extinguishment of Communication Cable Fire by Ultra Fine Water Mist in Cross-Flow. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada446834.

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Kunze, Eric. Lateral Mixing DRI Analysis: Submesoscale, Fine- and Microstructure Surveys of Internal Waves, Turbulence and Water-Mass Variability. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada590610.

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Malhotra, V. M., and R. N. Zitter. Coal-water interactions and preparation of dewatered ultra-fine clean coal: Final reoprt, January 1--December 31, 1988. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6177619.

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Furman, Alex, Jan Hopmans, Shmuel Assouline, Jirka Simunek, and Jim Richards. Soil Environmental Effects on Root Growth and Uptake Dynamics for Irrigated Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592118.bard.

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Root water uptake is perhaps the most important unknown in the mass balance of hydrological and agricultural systems. The understanding and the ability to predict root uptake and the way it is influence by environmental conditions has great potential in increasing water and fertilizer use efficiency and allowing better control of water and contaminant leach towards groundwater. This BARD supported research is composed of several components, including a) intensive laboratory work for the quantification of root uptake and the way it is controlled by environmental conditions; b) development of tools for laboratory and field use that can help in sensing very low water fluxes and water content, which is a necessity for studying root uptake; c) development of capabilities to model compensated root uptake; and d) development of a database that will allow calibration of such a model. In addition some auxiliary research was performed as reported later. Some of the components, and especially the modeling and the HPP development, were completed in the framework of the project and even published in the international literature. The completed components provide a modeling environment that allows testing root compensated uptake modeling, a tool that is extremely important for true mechanistic understanding of root uptake and irrigation design that is based on mechanistic and not partially based myth. The new button HPP provides extended level of utilization of this important tool. As discussed below, other components did not get to maturity stage during the period of the project, but comprehensive datasets were collected and will be analyzed in the near future. A comprehensive dataset of high temporal and spatial resolution water contents for two different setups was recorded and should allow us understanding f the uptake at these fine resolutions. Additional important information about root growth dynamics and its dependence in environmental conditions was achieved in both Israel and the US. Overall, this BARD supported project provided insight on many important phenomena related to root uptake and to high resolution monitoring in the vadose zone. Although perhaps not to the level that we initially hoped for, we achieved better understanding of the related processes, better modeling capabilities, and better datasets that will allow continuation of this effort in the near future.

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Paradis, S., G. J. Simandl, N. Drage, R J D'Souza, D. J. Kontak, and Z. Waller. Carbonate-hosted deposits (Mississippi Valley-type, magnesite, and REE-F-Ba) of the southeastern Canadian Cordillera: a review and isotopic data comparison. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/327995.

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The Mississippi Valley-type, magnesite, and REE-F-Ba deposits in the southeastern Canadian Cordillera are in the weakly deformed/metamorphosed Paleozoic carbonate platform of the Rocky Mountains. Most are hosted in dolostones of the middle Cambrian Cathedral, upper Cambrian Jubilee, and Upper Devonian Palliser formations and spatially associated with hydrothermal dolomite. They occur along structurally controlled facies transitions between the shallow-water carbonate platform and deeper water basin rocks of the Paleozoic continental margin. Their location and morphology reflect episodic rifting along the Paleozoic margin. The carbonate protolith was replaced by fine-grained 'replacive dolomite' followed by several stages of coarser saccharoidal, sparry, and saddle dolomites and sulfides replacing dolostone and filling open spaces. The 87Sr/86Sr, delta-18O, delta-13C, and fluid-inclusion data are consistent with high-temperature fluids interacting with host rocks and show influence of adjacent or underlying siliciclastic rocks. The large range of delta-34S values of sulfides suggests that thermochemical sulfate reduction of seawater sulfate was the main sulfur-reducing process, but bacterial sulfate reduction also occurred locally. Lead isotopes suggest a mixing trend involving highly radiogenic and non-radiogenic end members. These observations are consistent with hydrothermal fluids replacing protoliths, precipitating sulfides, and possibly REE-F-Ba mineralization.

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Alldredge, Alice L., and Sally MacIntyre. The Relationship Between the Fine-scale Vertical Distributions of Macrozooplankton, Marine Snow, and Turbulences in the Upper Water Column. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada628487.

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Fromm, Hillel, Paul Michael Hasegawa, and Aaron Fait. Calcium-regulated Transcription Factors Mediating Carbon Metabolism in Response to Drought. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699847.bard.

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Original objectives: The long-term goal of the proposed research is to elucidate the transcription factors, genes and metabolic networks involved in carbon metabolism and partitioning in response to water deficit. The proposed research focuses on the GTLcalcium/calmodulinbindingTFs and the gene and metabolic networks modulated by these TFs in Arabidopsis thaliana. The specific objectives are as follows. Objective-1 (USA): Physiological analyses of GTL1 loss- and gain-of-function plants under water sufficient and drought stress conditions Objective 2 (USA / Israel-TAU): Characterizion of GTL target genes and bioinformatic analysis of data to eulcidate gene-network topology. Objective-3 (Israel-TAU): Regulation of GTLmediated transcription by Ca²⁺/calmodulin: mechanism and biological significance. Objective-4 (Israel-BGU): Metabolic networks and carbon partitioning in response to drought. Additional direction: In the course of the project we added another direction, which was reported in the 2nd annual report, to elucidate genes controlling drought avoidance. The TAU team has isolated a few unhydrotropic (hyd) mutants and are in the process of mapping these mutations (of hyd13 and hyd15; see last year's report for a description of these mutants under salt stress) in the Arabidopsis genome by map-based cloning and deep sequencing. For this purpose, each hyd mutant was crossed with a wild type plant of the Landsberg ecotype, and at the F2 stage, 500-700 seedlings showing the unhydrotropic phenotype were collected separately and pooled DNA samples were subkected to the Illumina deep sequencing technology. Bioinformatics were used to identify the exact genomic positions of the mutations (based on a comparison of the genomic sequences of the two Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes (Columbia and Landsberg). Background: To feed the 9 billion people or more, expected to live on Earth by the mid 21st century, the production of high-quality food must increase substantially. Based on a 2009 Declaration of the World Summit on Food Security, a target of 70% more global food production by the year 2050 was marked, an unprecedented food-production growth rate. Importantly, due to the larger areas of low-yielding land globally, low-yielding environments offer the greatest opportunity for substantial increases in global food production. Nowadays, 70% of the global available water is used by agriculture, and 40% of the world food is produced from irrigated soils. Therefore, much needs to be done towards improving the efficiency of water use by plants, accompanied by increased crop yield production under water-limiting conditions. Major conclusions, solutions and achievements: We established that AtGTL1 (Arabidopsis thaliana GT-2 LIKE1) is a focal determinant in water deficit (drought) signaling and tolerance, and water use efficiency (WUE). The GTL1 transcription factor is an upstream regulator of stomatal development as a transrepressor of AtSDD1, which encodes a subtilisin protease that activates a MAP kinase pathway that negatively regulates stomatal lineage and density. GTL1 binds to the core GT3 cis-element in the SDD1 promoter and transrepresses its expression under water-sufficient conditions. GTL1 loss-of-function mutants have reduced stomatal number and transpiration, and enhanced drought tolerance and WUE. In this case, higher WUE under water sufficient conditions occurs without reduction in absolute biomass accumulation or carbon assimilation, indicating that gtl1-mediated effects on stomatal conductance and transpiration do not substantially affect CO₂ uptake. These results are proof-of-concept that fine-tuned regulation of stomatal density can result in drought tolerance and higher WUE with maintenance of yield stability. Implications: Accomplishments during the IS-4243-09R project provide unique tools for continued discovery research to enhance plant drought tolerance and WUE.

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Dan Golomb, David Ryan, and Eugene Barry. Laboratory Investigations in Support of Carbon Dioxide-in-Water Emulsions Stabilized by Fine Particles for Ocean and Geologic Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/901202.

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