Relevant bibliographies by topics / Water distribution system design optimization

Academic literature on the topic 'Water distribution system design optimization'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Water distribution system design optimization"

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Lansey, Kevin E., and Larry W. Mays. "Optimization Model for Water Distribution System Design." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 115, no. 10 (October 1989): 1401–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1989)115:10(1401).

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Boindala, Sriman Pankaj, and Avi Ostfeld. "Robust Multi-Objective Design Optimization of Water Distribution System under Uncertainty." Water 14, no. 14 (July 12, 2022): 2199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14142199.

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The multi-objective design optimization of water distribution systems (WDS) is to find the Pareto front of optimal designs of WDS for two or more conflicting design objectives. The most popular conflicting objectives considered for the design of WDS are minimization of cost and maximization of resilience index which are considered for the current study. Robust multi-objective optimization is to find the optimal set of the Pareto front considering demand is uncertain. The robustness is controlled by a single parameter that defines the size of the uncertainty set it can vary. The study explores ellipsoidal uncertainty set with different sizes and co-variance matrices. A combined simulation–optimization framework with a combination of self-adaptive multi-objective cuckoo search (SAMOCSA) and the fmincon optimization algorithm is proposed to solve the robust multi-objective design problem. The proposed algorithm is applied to medium and large WDS. The main contribution of this paper is to study the effect of demand uncertainty and the correlation on the WDS designs in a multi-objective framework. The study shows that the inclusion of correlation into the multi-objective design framework can significantly affect the optimal designs.
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Montalvo, I., J. Izquierdo, R. Pérez-García, and M. Herrera. "Water Distribution System Computer-Aided Design by Agent Swarm Optimization." Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering 29, no. 6 (March 12, 2014): 433–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mice.12062.

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Raad, Darian, Alexander Sinske, and Jan van Vuuren. "Multiobjective Optimization for Water Distribution System Design Using a Hyperheuristic." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 136, no. 5 (September 2010): 592–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000061.

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Amin, Osama Khasraw Mohammed, Mohammad Zaher Akkad, and Tamás Bányai. "Designing of water distribution system." Multidiszciplináris tudományok 11, no. 3 (2021): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.35925/j.multi.2021.3.7.

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Water distribution system (WDS) aims to distribute water from reservoirs or aqueducts to the end-users. This system is part of the water supply network that carries potable water from a central treatment plant or wells to water consumers in order to deliver water sufficiently to meet residential, commercial, industrial, and firefighting requirements. Modern systems aim to solve water distribution systems management problems, such as the lowest cost, and most efficient design by using linear/nonlinear optimization schemes, which are limited by the system size, the number of constraints, and the number of loading conditions. After a literature review for the articles that dealt with this topic, designing two parts of the water distribution system is discussed as a case study in Erbil. Pumps and storage tanks, while optimizing the water distribution system by minimizing the project cost through minimizing the volume of the elevated tank according to the pump working hours.
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Batchabani, Essoyeke, and Musandji Fuamba. "Conjunctive Use of Engineering and Optimization in Water Distribution System Design." World Journal of Engineering and Technology 03, no. 04 (2015): 158–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/wjet.2015.34017.

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Pawar, Mukund M., and Nitin P. Sonaje. "Converting Traditional Water Supply Network Into 24x7, using Water GEMS to Optimize Design." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering 10, no. 1 (May 30, 2021): 280–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.a5937.0510121.

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Water is all-natural driving force. Entire world struggles to preserve it. Given that India is among the top 12 water poor countries, water wastage is a critical issue for us. India's population is increasing day by day and thus the demand for water is continuously increasing. This growing demand can be met through an efficient water distribution network which can be designed using modern hydraulic software such as Water GEMS. Using the Water GEMS software Pandharpur city is selected to convert existing water supply system into 24 * 7 continuous water supply systems. The largest investment is the pipes used in the water distribution system. The design, modeling and optimization of pipes in water supply system from an economic point of view are very important. Therefore optimal pipe network design for converting existing network into 24x7 water supply system networks is carried out in this paper to reduce the cost using WaterGEM software. Study of the existing water supply network system for one zone (Ambika Nagar Zone10) is initially carried out from the Pandharpur area. The effect on demand, head loss gradient, and pressure development of the forecasted population is studied. In addition, cost optimization of the pipe network for the proposed 24x7 water supply system is carried out using a genetic algorithms Darwin optimization approach.
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Maier, Holger R., Angus R. Simpson, Aaron C. Zecchin, Wai Kuan Foong, Kuang Yeow Phang, Hsin Yeow Seah, and Chan Lim Tan. "Ant Colony Optimization for Design of Water Distribution Systems." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 129, no. 3 (May 2003): 200–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9496(2003)129:3(200).

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Perelman, Lina, Mashor Housh, and Avi Ostfeld. "Robust optimization for water distribution systems least cost design." Water Resources Research 49, no. 10 (October 2013): 6795–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20539.

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Sankary, Nathan, and Avi Ostfeld. "Incorporating Operational Uncertainty in Early Warning System Design Optimization for Water Distribution System Security." Procedia Engineering 186 (2017): 160–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.03.222.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Water distribution system design optimization"

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Andrade-Rodriguez, Manuel Alejandro. "Computationally Intensive Design of Water Distribution Systems." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/301704.

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The burdensome capital cost of urban water distribution systems demands the use of efficient optimization methods capable of finding a relatively inexpensive design that guarantees a minimum functionality under all conditions of operation. The combinatorial and nonlinear nature of the optimization problem involved accepts no definitive method of solution. Adaptive search methods are well fitted for this type of problem (to which more formal methods cannot be applied), but their computational requirements demand the development and implementation of additional heuristics to find a satisfactory solution. This work seeks to employ adaptive search methods to enhance the search process used to find the optimal design of any water distribution system. A first study presented here introduces post-optimization heuristics that analyze the best design obtained by a genetic algorithm--arguably the most popular adaptive search method--and perform an ordered local search to maximize further cost savings. When used to analyze the best design found by a genetic algorithm, the proposed post-optimization heuristics method successfully achieved additional cost savings that the genetic algorithm failed to detect after an exhaustive search. The second study herein explores various ways to improve artificial neural networks employed as fast estimators of computationally intensive constraints. The study presents a new methodology for generating any large set of water supply networks to be used for the training of artificial neural networks. This dataset incorporates several distribution networks in the vicinity of the search space in which the genetic algorithm is expected to focus its search. The incorporation of these networks improved the accuracy of artificial neural networks trained with such a dataset. These neural networks consistently showed a lower margin of error than their counterparts trained with conventional training datasets populated by randomly generated distribution networks.
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Akdogan, Tevfik. "Design Of Water Distribution System By Optimization Using Reliability Considerations." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606082/index.pdf.

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ABSTRACT DESIGN OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM BY OPTIMIZATION USING RELIABILITY CONSIDERATIONS Akdogan, Tevfik Department of Civil Engineering Supervisor : Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nuri Merzi April 2005, 91 pages In spite of a wide research, design of water distribution networks are not realized using optimization techniques. One reason for this fact is, design of water distribution networks is evaluated, mostly, as a least-cost optimization problem where pipe diameters being the only decision variables. The other motivation for preferring the traditional modeling practice is that, existing optimization algorithms are not presented to the user as friendly as it should be. In fact, water distribution systems are very complex systems such that it is not easy to obtain least-cost design systems considering other constraints such as reliability, in addition to classical constraints related to hydraulic feasibility, satisfaction of nodal demands and requirement of nodal pressures. This study presents a user-friendly package concerning the design of water distribution networks by optimization using reliability considerations
this works employs the algorithm proposed by Goulter and Coals (1986). At the end, a skeletonized network design is offered
various costs are estimated in regard to the degree of reliability.
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Xie, Xiongfei. "Operation Optimization and Water Quality Simulation of Potable Water Distribution System." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5406.

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A potable water distribution system (WDS) consists of pipes, pumps, valves, storage tanks, control and supporting components. Traditionally, it has two basic functions. First, provides end users with potable water at sufficient pressures and good water quality. Second, provides sufficient pressure and flow for fire fighting. Currently, potable water is still the least expensive material for fire fighting. To accomplish these two goals, water utilities have to consider the integrity and security of the water network. As a result, this research selected three research topics that are closely related to the daily operation of water utilities and water quality simulation. The first study is on optimal sampling design for chlorine decay model calibration. Three questions are investigated: (1) What is the minimum number of chlorine sample locations a water network needs? (2) How many combinations of sampling locations are available? (3) What is the optimal location combination? To answer the first two questions, the mathematical expressions of the chlorine concentrations between any two sampling locations are developed and sampling point relationship matrices are generated, then a mixed integer programming (MIP) algorithm is developed. Once obtained, the solutions to the first two questions are used to calculate the chlorine decay wall reaction coefficients and sensitivity matrix of chlorine concentration wall reaction coefficients; then, sampling location combinations achieved in the second question are sorted using a D-optimality algorithm. The model frame is demonstrated in a case study. The advantage of this method, compared to the traditional iterative sensitivity matrix method, is that a prior knowledge or estimation of wall reaction coefficients is not necessary. The second study is on optimizing the operation scheduling of automatic flushing device (AFD) in water distribution system. Discharging stagnant water from the pipeline through AFD is a feasible method to maintain water quality. This study presents a simulation-based optimization method to minimize total AFD discharge volume during a 24-hour horizon. EPANET 2.0 is used as hydraulics and water quality simulator. This is formulated as a single objective optimization problem. The decision variables are the AFD operation patterns. The methodology has three phases. In the first phase, AFD discharge capacities are calculated, whether existing AFDs are able to maintain chlorine residuals in the water network is also evaluated. In the second phase, the decision variables are converted to AFD discharge rates. A reduced gradient algorithm is used to quickly explore and narrow down the solution space. At the end of this phase, decision variables are switched back to the AFD operation patterns. In the third phase, simulated annealing is used to search intensively to exploit the global minimum. The method is demonstrated on the water system located at the south end of Pinellas County, Florida where AFD optimal operation patterns are achieved. The third study is on simulating contaminant intrusion in water distribution system. When contaminant matrix is introduced into water distribution system, it reacts with chlorine in bulk water rapidly and causes fast disinfectant depletion. Due to the difficulties in identifying contaminant types and chemical and biological properties, it is a challenging task to use EPANET-MSX to simulate chlorine decay under contaminant attack. EPANET 2.0 is used in the study to accomplish this goal. However, EPANET 2.0 cannot directly simulate chlorine depletion in the event of contamination attack because it assigns one time-independent bulk reaction coefficient to one specific pipe during the simulation. While under contaminant intrusion, chlorine decay bulk coefficient is not a constant. Instead, it is a temporal and spatial variable. This study presents an innovative approach for simulating contaminant intrusion in water distribution systems using EPANET multiple times. The methodology has six general steps. First, test bulk reaction coefficients of contaminant matrix in chemical lab. The uniqueness of this study is that the contaminant matrix is studied as a whole. The investigations of chemical, biological properties of individual aqueous constituents are not needed. Second, assume the contaminants as nonreactive, using EPANET 2.0 to identify where, when and at what concentrations of the inert contaminants will pass by in the water network. Third, determine the number of chlorine residual simulations based on the results in step two. Fourth, use EPANET to simulate the chlorine residual in the water network without the occurrence of contamination. Fifth, assign contaminated bulk coefficients to contaminated pipes; use EPANET to simulate the chlorine residual in the pipe network. Lastly, the chlorine concentrations of the impacted moments of impacted junctions are replaced with the results calculated in step five. This methodology is demonstrated in the south Pinellas County water distribution system.
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Guc, Gercek. "Optimization Of Water Distribution Networks Using Genetic Algorithm." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607192/index.pdf.

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This study gives a description about the development of a computer model, RealPipe, which relates genetic algorithm (GA) to the well known problem of least-cost design of water distribution network. GA methodology is an evolutionary process, basically imitating evolution process of nature. GA is essentially an efficient search method basically for nonlinear optimization cases. The genetic operations take place within the population of chromosomes. By means of various operators, the genetic knowledge in chromosomes change continuously and the success of the population progressively increases as a result of these operations. GA optimization is also well suited for optimization of water distribution systems, especially large and complex systems. The primary objective of this study is optimization of a water distribution network by GA. GA operations are realized on a special program developed by the author called RealPipe. RealPipe optimizes given water network distribution systems by considering capital cost of pipes only. Five operators are involved in the program algorithm. These operators are generation, selection, elitism, crossover and mutation. Optimum population size is found to be between 30-70 depending on the size of the network (i.e. pipe number) and number of commercially available pipe size. Elitism rate should be around 10 percent. Mutation rate should be selected around 1-5 percent depending again on the size of the network. Multipoint crossover and higher rates are advisable. Also pressure penalty parameters are found to be much important than velocity parameters. Below pressure penalty parameter is the most important one and should be roughly 100 times higher than the other. Two known networks of the literature are examined using RealPipe and expected results are achieved. N8.3 network which is located in the northern side of Ankara is the case study. Total cost achieved by RealPipe is 16.74 percent lower than the cost of the existing network
it should be noted that the solution provided by RealPipe is hydraulically improved.
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Totlani, Rajiv. "Enhanced lower bounds and an algorithm for a water distribution network design model." Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08292008-063331/.

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Siew, Calvin Yew Ming. "A penalty-free multi-objective evolutionary optimization approach for the design and rehabilitation of water distribution systems." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2011. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=25978.

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As a result of the increasing emphasis placed on water companies to conform to the stringent performance standards in supplying demands within a constrained financial budget, the application of optimization has inevitably become an integral part of managing a water distribution system (WDS) right from the initial phase of designing a new system to the latter stage of the network where rehabilitation and upgrading works are a necessity. This also includes the on-going operation of the WDS in particular the minimization of energy costs related to pumping and storage. This thesis is concerned with the development and application of a new multi-objective genetic algorithm in optimizing the design, operation and long term rehabilitation and upgrading of the WDS.The novelty and originality of the work done as part of this research are presented next. A seamless, augmented version of the renowned EPANET 2 with pressure dependent analysis (PDA) functionality has been developed. It integrates within the hydraulic engine a continuous nodal pressure-flow function coupled with a line search and backtracking procedure which greatly enhances the algorithm’s overall convergence rate and robustness. The hydraulic simulator is termed “EPANET-PDX” (pressure-dependent extension) herein and is capable of effectively modelling networks under pressure deficient situations which the demand driven analysis based EPANET 2 fails to accurately analyse. In terms of computational efficiency, the performance of EPANET-PDX compares very favourably to EPANET 2. Simulations of real life networks consisting of multiple sources, pipes, valves and pumps were successfully executed with no convergence complications. The simulator depicts excellent modelling performance while analysing both normal and abnormal operating conditions of the WDSs. The accuracy of the generated PDA results has been explicitly validated and verified. An optimization model for the optimal design and upgrading of WDS involving both the operation of multiple pumps and the sizing and location of multiple tanks is developed. The model couples a new boundary convergent multi-objective genetic algorithm to the highly efficient EPANET-PDX simulator which, inherently,automatically accounts for the node pressure constraints as well as the conservation of mass and energy. With accurate PDA, the direct application of the standard extended period simulation enables pump scheduling and tank sizing and siting to be seamlessly incorporated into the optimization without the need for any extraneous methodology or manual intervention. The significant advantage of this model is that it eliminates the need for ad-hoc penalty functions, additional “boundary search” parameters, or special constraint handling procedures. No operator intervention, parameter calibration and trial runs are required. Conceptually, the approach is straightforward and probably the simplest hitherto. The model is applied to several benchmark networks yielding superior results in terms of the initial network construction cost and the number of hydraulic simulations required. The above-mentioned optimization model is extended to form a module for the optimal long term design, upgrading and rehabilitation of WDSs. The multi-criteria problem is set up in a multi-objective frame work i.e. to minimize the capital cost,rehabilitation and upgrading costs, whilst maximizing the network hydraulic performance. A straightforward approach for incorporating reliability measures without further complicating the optimization formulation is utilised and its robustness validated. The effect of deterioration of both the structural integrity and hydraulic capacity of pipes over time is explicitly modelled. The model automatically determines the most cost effective strategy which includes the identification of pipes to be upgraded, the upgrading or rehabilitation options and the timing for the upgrade to be implemented. A real life network in Wobulenzi (Uganda) is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the model. Results obtained demonstrated major improvements over previous work using the classical linear programming.
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Zanoli, Sara. "A modularity based approach and high-level flow model in the optimal design of water distribution networks using a Genetic Heritage Evolution (GHEST) algorithm." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.

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In order to reduce the environmental load and the shortage in fresh water supply, recent studies have focused in establishing rules for a green and sustainable development or redesign of cities. As far as water issues are concerned, the role of infrastructure is commonly recognized as one of the main driver in determining the environmental results. Compared to other infrastructures, modern Water Distribution Systems suffer from a more important structural delay that is nowadays producing criticalities and issues in their everyday functioning. WDNs represent the most complex and main infrastructure for the transportation of clean drinking water from reservoirs and storage tanks to industrial and residential consumers. In order to satisfy consumers demand, WDNs must be constructed with a good layout that connects all points of water demand and should provide the best possible hydraulic conditions and operational requirements, minimizing network costs. This is known as the WDN design problem. In an attempt to resolve the optimization of real WDN problem, Information and Communication Technologies and Optimization Algorithms have been exploited. In this context, the aim of this master thesis is to propose the application of new methodologies to the optimal design of WDNs that include the employment of a Graph-theory, a modularity based approach and the concept of High-level flow, employed in order to simplify the WDN complexity before the optimization process. GHEST algorithm is exploited in order to deal the optimal design problem. The methodologies were applied to DTown and ModenaS networks, both already known in literature.
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Barr?to, J?nior Manoel. "Otimiza??o de um sistema de distribui??o predial de ?gua fria: estudo de caso." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2006. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16019.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:03:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ManoelBJ.pdf: 822434 bytes, checksum: ccd5a4bf44ccc45607b7a5e18cd8570a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-21
This dissertation presents a methodology to the optimization of a predial system of cold water distribution. It s about a study of a case applied to the Tropical Buzios Residential Condominium, located in the B?zio s Beach, N?sia Floresta city, the east coast of the Rio Grande do Norte state, twenty kilometers far from Natal. The design of cold water distribution networks according to Norm NBR 5626 of the ABNT - Brazilian Association of Techniques Norms, does not guarantee that the joined solution is the optimal solution of less cost. It s necessary the use of an optimization methodology, that supplies us, between all the possible solutions, the minimum cost solution. In the optimization process of the predial system of water distribution of the Tropical B?zios Condominium, is used Method Granados, that is an iterative algorithm of optimization, based on the Dynamic Programming, that supplies the minimum cost s network, in function of the piezometric quota of the reservoir. For the application of this Method in ramifies networks, is used a program of computer in C language. This process is divided in two stages: attainment of the previous solution and reduction of the piezometric quota of headboard. In the attainment of the previous solution, the minors possible diameters are used that guarantee the limit of maximum speed and the requirements of minimum pressures. The piezometric quota of headboard is raised to guarantee these requirements. In the second stage of the Granados Method, an iterative process is used and it objective is to reduce the quota of headboard gradually, considering the substitution of stretches of the network pipes for the subsequent diameters, considering a minimum addition of the network cost. The diameter change is made in the optimal stretch that presents the lesser Exchange Gradient. The process is locked up when the headboard quota of desired is reached. The optimized network s material costs are calculated, and is made the analysis of the same ones, through the comparison with the conventional network s costs
Esta Disserta??o apresenta uma metodologia para a otimiza??o de um sistema de distribui??o predial de ?gua fria. Trata-se de um estudo de caso aplicado ao Condom?nio Residencial B?zios Tropical, localizado na Praia de B?zios, munic?pio de N?sia Floresta, litoral leste do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, distante vinte quil?metros de Natal. O dimensionamento de redes de distribui??o predial de ?gua fria segundo os crit?rios da Norma NBR 5626 da ABNT - Associa??o Brasileira de Normas T?cnicas, n?o garante que a solu??o encontrada seja a solu??o ?tima de menor custo. ? necess?ria a utiliza??o de uma metodologia para otimiza??o, que nos forne?a, entre todas as solu??es poss?veis, a solu??o de custo m?nimo. No processo de otimiza??o do sistema de distribui??o predial do Condom?nio B?zios Tropical, ? utilizado o M?todo Granados, que ? um algoritmo iterativo de otimiza??o, baseado na Programa??o Din?mica, que fornece a rede de custo m?nimo, em fun??o da cota piezom?trica do reservat?rio. Para a aplica??o desse M?todo a redes ramificadas, ? utilizado um programa de computador em linguagem C. Esse processo ? dividido em duas etapas: obten??o da solu??o pr?via e redu??o da cota piezom?trica de cabeceira. Na obten??o da solu??o pr?via s?o utilizados os menores di?metros poss?veis que garantam o limite de velocidade m?xima e os requisitos de press?es m?nimas. A cota piezom?trica de cabeceira ? elevada ficticiamente para garantir esses requisitos. Na segunda etapa do M?todo Granados ? utilizado um processo iterativo, cujo objetivo ? reduzir gradualmente a cota de cabeceira, considerando a substitui??o de trechos da tubula??o da rede pelos di?metros subseq?entes, considerando um acr?scimo m?nimo de custo para a rede. A mudan?a de di?metro ? feita no trecho ?timo que apresenta o menor Gradiente de C?mbio. O processo se encerra quando ? atingida a cota de cabeceira desejada. S?o calculados os custos com materiais da rede otimizada e feita a an?lise dos mesmos, atrav?s da compara??o com os custos da rede convencional
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Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins. "Otimização multiobjetivo de projetos de redes de distribuição de água." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-29012016-125410/.

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O dimensionamento otimizado de sistemas de distribuição de águas tem originado centenas de trabalhos científicos nas últimas quatro décadas. Vários pesquisadores têm buscado encontrar uma metodologia capaz de dimensionar essas redes considerando diversos aspectos e incertezas características desse tipo de projeto. No entanto, os resultados da maioria das metodologias desenvolvidas não podem ser aplicados na prática. O objetivo deste trabalho é elaborar uma metodologia de dimensionamento de redes de distribuição de água considerando um enfoque multiobjetivo. A metodologia desenvolvida considera três aspectos referentes ao projeto desses sistemas: custo; confiabilidade e perdas por vazamentos. Para tanto, empregou-se um método de otimização multiobjetivo baseado em algoritmos genéticos para a geração do conjunto de soluções não-dominadas e um método multicriterial para escolha da alternativa final. Para representar os objetivos do problema, foram testadas nove funções: custo, vazamentos, entropia, resiliência, tolerância à falha, expansibilidade, efeito do envelhecimento e resilientropia, sendo que sete destas são específicas para a representação da confiabilidade. Para se avaliar as alternativas geradas foi desenvolvido um modelo de análise hidráulica que fosse capaz de trabalhar com vazamentos e com demandas dependente da pressão. Os métodos escolhidos foram o Híbrido de Nielsen e o Gradiente. Das funções testadas, a resilientropia, proposta originalmente neste trabalho, foi a que melhor se ajustou ao conceito formal de confiabilidade, representado pela função tolerância. Os resultados encontrados pela metodologia mostraram-se promissores, uma vez esta foi capaz de encontrar redes eficientes ao final das simulações.
The topic \"Optimized design of water distribution systems\" has generated hundreds of scientific publications in the last four decades. Several researchers have searched for a technology which would take into account a variety of aspects and uncertainties innate to the design of such networks. However, the results of most methodologies developed are not practical. The objective of this work is to develop a methodology for water distribution systems design that has a multi-objective focus. The methodology developed focuses in three aspects of the design of such systems: cost, reliability and losses by leaking. A multiobjective optimization method based on generic algorithms, generating a set of non-defined solutions, and a multi-criteria method for choosing the final alternative, was employed. Nine functions representing the objectives of the problem (method) were tested: cost, leakages, entropy, resilience, failure tolerance, expansibility, aging effect and resilienthropy, seven of which are specific to representing reliability. In order to evaluate the generated alternatives, a hydraulic analysis model, that could handle leakages and pressure dependent demands, was developed. The chosen methods were Nielsen\'s Hybrid, and the Gradient. Of all tested functions, resilientropy, originally proposed in this work, proved to be the one best adjusted to the formal concept of reliability, represented by the tolerance function. The results obtained by this methodology are promising, as they produced efficient distribution networks at the end of the simulations performed.
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DEKHANE, NIKHIL GOVIND. "DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM DESIGN USING OPTIMIZATION APPROACH." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1092334088.

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Books on the topic "Water distribution system design optimization"

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Boiler plant and distribution system optimization manual. 2nd ed. Lilburn, GA: Fairmont Press, 1998.

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Boiler plant and distribution system optimization manual. Lilburn, GA: The Fairmont Press, Inc., 2014.

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Boiler plant and distribution system optimization manual. Lilburn, GA: Fairmont Press, 1991.

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1960-, Wang Hong, ed. Stochastic distribution control system design: A convex optimization approach. London: Springer, 2010.

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AWWA Seminar on Network Analysis: Treated Water System Planning, Design, and Operation (1989 Dallas, Tex.). Proceedings: AWWA Seminar on Network Analysis, Treated Water System Planning, Design, and Operation, Distribution System Symposium, Dallas, Texas, September 10, 1989. Denver, CO: American Water Works Association, 1990.

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Soong, Kim Che, Melikov Agassi, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Performance Analysis and Optimization of Multi-Traffic on Communication Networks. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2010.

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ZnO bao mo zhi bei ji qi guang, dian xing neng yan jiu. Shanghai Shi: Shanghai da xue chu ban she, 2010.

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AWWA and Partnership for Safe Water. Self-Assessment for Distribution System Optimization. American Water Works Association, 2018.

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(Contributor), Melinda Friedman, George Kimeyer (Contributor), Gregory Pierson (Contributor), Steve Harrison (Contributor), Kathy Martel (Contributor), Anne Sandvig (Contributor), and Amie Hanson (Contributor), eds. Development of Distribution System Water Quality Optimization Plans. American Water Works Association, 2005.

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W, Chesnutt Thomas, Los Angeles (Calif.). Dept. of Water and Power., and AWWA Research Foundation, eds. Spatial demand allocation for distribution system design. Denver, CO: AWWA Research Foundation, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Water distribution system design optimization"

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Lee, Ho Min, Donghwi Jung, Ali Sadollah, Eui Hoon Lee, and Joong Hoon Kim. "Performance Comparison of Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Using Water Distribution System Design Benchmarks." In Harmony Search and Nature Inspired Optimization Algorithms, 97–104. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0761-4_10.

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Kaveh, Ali, and Armin Dadras Eslamlou. "Colliding Bodies Optimization for Analysis and Design of Water Distribution Systems." In Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms in Civil Engineering: New Applications, 237–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45473-9_11.

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Watson, Jean-Paul, William E. Hart, Harvey J. Greenberg, and Cynthia A. Phillips. "An Analysis of Multiple Contaminant Warning System Design Objectives for Sensor Placement Optimization in Water Distribution Networks." In Harvey J. Greenberg, 125–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56429-2_7.

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Ben-Tal, A., G. Eiger, J. Outrata, and J. Zowe. "A Nondifferentiable Approach to Decomposable Optimization Problems with an Application to the Design of Water Distribution Networks." In Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, 197–216. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-51682-5_13.

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Onizuka, Kotaro. "Super low frequency response of water distribution networks with application." In System Modelling and Optimization, 895–904. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0035539.

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Praneeth, P., A. Vasan, and K. Srinivasa Raju. "Pipe Size Design Optimization of Water Distribution Networks Using Water Cycle Algorithm." In Harmony Search and Nature Inspired Optimization Algorithms, 1057–67. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0761-4_99.

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Mishra, Satanand, Shreyas Tiwari, and Shivani Pandey. "Advanced Automatic Controller Design for Water Distribution System." In Algorithms for Intelligent Systems, 65–72. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4862-2_7.

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Shu, Shihu. "Water Distribution System Optimization Using Genetic Simulated Annealing Algorithm." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 656–61. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18134-4_104.

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Stachura, Marcin. "Partial Optimization of Water Distribution System Accounting for Multiobjective System Safety." In Progress in IS, 347–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44711-7_28.

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Bragalli, Cristiana, Claudia D’Ambrosio, Jon Lee, Andrea Lodi, and Paolo Toth. "Optimizing the Design of Water Distribution Networks Using Mathematical Optimization." In International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, 183–98. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1007-6_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Water distribution system design optimization"

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Arango, Idel Montalvo, Joaquín Izquierdo Sebastián, Rafael Pérez García, and José Bienvenido Martínez Rodríguez. "Water Distribution System Design Using Agent Swarm Optimization." In 12th Annual Conference on Water Distribution Systems Analysis (WDSA). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41203(425)70.

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Basile, N., M. Fuamba, and B. Barbeau. "Optimization of Water Tank Design and Location in Water Distribution Systems." In Water Distribution Systems Analysis 2008. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41024(340)32.

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Oliker, Nurit, and Avi Ostfeld. "Multi-Objective Optimization of Cost and Resilience of Water Distribution System Design." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2013. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412947.081.

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Maier, Holger R., Angus R. Simpson, W. K. Foong, K. Y. Phang, H. Y. Seah, and C. L. Tan. "Ant Colony Optimization for the Design of Water Distribution Systems." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40569(2001)375.

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Guan, Jiabao, Mustafa M. Aral, Morris L. Maslia, and Walter M. Grayman. "Optimization Model and Algorithms for Design of Water Sensor Placement in Water Distribution Systems." In Eighth Annual Water Distribution Systems Analysis Symposium (WDSA). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40941(247)103.

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Savic, Dragan A., Godfrey A. Walters, Mark Randall Smith, and Roger M. Atkinson. "Cost Savings on Large Water Distribution Systems: Design through Genetic Algorithm Optimization." In Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)200.

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Andrade, Manuel A., Doosun Kang, Christopher Y. Choi, and Kevin Lansey. "Post-Optimization Heuristics Complementing the Design of Real Water Distribution Systems." In World Environmental And Water Resources Congress 2012. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412312.324.

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Babayan, A. V., D. A. Savic, and G. A. Walters. "Multiobjective Optimization for the Least-Cost Design of Water Distribution System Under Correlated Uncertain Parameters." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2005. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40792(173)36.

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Zheng, Feifei, Angus R. Simpson, and Aaron C. Zecchin. "A Method for Assessing the Performance of Genetic Algorithm Optimization for Water Distribution Design." In 12th Annual Conference on Water Distribution Systems Analysis (WDSA). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41203(425)72.

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Jahanshahi, Golnaz, and Omid Bozorg Haddad. "Honey-Bee Mating Optimization (HBMO) Algorithm for Optimal Design of Water Distribution Systems." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2008. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40976(316)496.

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Reports on the topic "Water distribution system design optimization"

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Gurdal, Zafer, Scott Ragon, and Douglas Lindner. Global/Local Design Optimization of a Power Distribution System. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada387344.

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Gurdal, Zafer, Scott Ragon, and Douglas Lindner. Global/Local Design Optimization of A Power Distribution System. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada389411.

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Warrick, Arthur W., Gideon Oron, Mary M. Poulton, Rony Wallach, and Alex Furman. Multi-Dimensional Infiltration and Distribution of Water of Different Qualities and Solutes Related Through Artificial Neural Networks. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7695865.bard.

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The project exploits the use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to describe infiltration, water, and solute distribution in the soil during irrigation. It provides a method of simulating water and solute movement in the subsurface which, in principle, is different and has some advantages over the more common approach of numerical modeling of flow and transport equations. The five objectives were (i) Numerically develop a database for the prediction of water and solute distribution for irrigation; (ii) Develop predictive models using ANN; (iii) Develop an experimental (laboratory) database of water distribution with time; within a transparent flow cell by high resolution CCD video camera; (iv) Conduct field studies to provide basic data for developing and testing the ANN; and (v) Investigate the inclusion of water quality [salinity and organic matter (OM)] in an ANN model used for predicting infiltration and subsurface water distribution. A major accomplishment was the successful use of Moment Analysis (MA) to characterize “plumes of water” applied by various types of irrigation (including drip and gravity sources). The general idea is to describe the subsurface water patterns statistically in terms of only a few (often 3) parameters which can then be predicted by the ANN. It was shown that ellipses (in two dimensions) or ellipsoids (in three dimensions) can be depicted about the center of the plume. Any fraction of water added can be related to a ‘‘probability’’ curve relating the size of the ellipse (or ellipsoid) that contains that amount of water. The initial test of an ANN to predict the moments (and hence the water plume) was with numerically generated data for infiltration from surface and subsurface drip line and point sources in three contrasting soils. The underlying dataset consisted of 1,684,500 vectors (5 soils×5 discharge rates×3 initial conditions×1,123 nodes×20 print times) where each vector had eleven elements consisting of initial water content, hydraulic properties of the soil, flow rate, time and space coordinates. The output is an estimate of subsurface water distribution for essentially any soil property, initial condition or flow rate from a drip source. Following the formal development of the ANN, we have prepared a “user-friendly” version in a spreadsheet environment (in “Excel”). The input data are selected from appropriate values and the output is instantaneous resulting in a picture of the resulting water plume. The MA has also proven valuable, on its own merit, in the description of the flow in soil under laboratory conditions for both wettable and repellant soils. This includes non-Darcian flow examples and redistribution and well as infiltration. Field experiments were conducted in different agricultural fields and various water qualities in Israel. The obtained results will be the basis for the further ANN models development. Regions of high repellence were identified primarily under the canopy of various orchard crops, including citrus and persimmons. Also, increasing OM in the applied water lead to greater repellency. Major scientific implications are that the ANN offers an alternative to conventional flow and transport modeling and that MA is a powerful technique for describing the subsurface water distributions for normal (wettable) and repellant soil. Implications of the field measurements point to the special role of OM in affecting wettability, both from the irrigation water and from soil accumulation below canopies. Implications for agriculture are that a modified approach for drip system design should be adopted for open area crops and orchards, and taking into account the OM components both in the soil and in the applied waters.
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Bendikov, Michael, and Thomas C. Harmon. Development of Agricultural Sensors Based on Conductive Polymers. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7591738.bard.

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In this 1-year feasibility study, we tried polymerization of several different monomers, commercial as well as novel, specially designed and synthesized for this project in the presence of the nitrate ion to produce imprinted conductive polymers. Polymers 1 and 2 (shown below) produced a response to nitrate, but one inferior to that produced by a polypyrrole (Ppy)-based sensor (which we demonstrated prior to this study). Thus, we elected to proceed with improving the stability of the Ppy-based sensor. In order to improve stability of the Ppy-based sensor, we created a two-layer design which includes nitrate-doped Ppy as an inner layer, and nitrate-doped PEDOT as the outer layer. PEDOT is known for its high environmental stability and conductivity. This design has demonstrated promise, but is still undergoing optimization and stability testing. Previously we had failed to create nitrate-doped PEDOT in the absence of a Ppy layer. Nitrate-doped PEDOT should be very promising for sensor applications due to its high stability and exceptional sensing properties as we showed previously for sensing of perchlorate ions (by perchlorate-doped PEDOT). During this year, we have succeeded in preparing nitrate-doped PEDOT (4 below) by designing a new starting monomer (compound 3 below) for polymerization. We are currently testing this design for nitrate sensing. In parallel with the fabrication design studies, we fabricated and tested nitrate-doped Ppy sensors in a series of flow studies under laboratory and field conditions. Nitrate-doped Ppy sensors are less stable than is desirable but provide excellent nitrate sensing characteristics for the short-term experiments focusing on packaging and deployment strategies. The fabricated sensors were successfully interfaced with a commercial battery-powered self-logging (Onset Computer Hobo Datalogger) and a wireless data acquisition and transmission system (Crossbow Technologies MDA300 sensor interface and Mica2 wireless mote). In a series of flow-through experiments with water, the nitrate-doped Ppy sensors were exposed to pulses of dissolved nitrate and compared favorably with an expensive commercial sensor. In 24-hour field tests in both Merced and in Palmdale, CA agricultural soils, the sensors responded to introduced nitrate pulses, but with different dynamics relative to the larger commercial sensors. These experiments are on-going but suggest a form factor (size, shape) effect of the sensor when deployed in a porous medium such as soil. To fill the need for a miniature reference electrode, we identified and tested one commercial version (Cypress Systems, ESA Mini-reference electrode) which works well but is expensive ($190). To create an inexpensive miniature reference electrode, we are exploring the use of AgCl-coated silver wire. This electrode is not a “true” reference electrode; however, it can calibrated once versus a commercial reference electrode at the time of deployment in soil. Thus, only one commercial reference electrode would suffice to support a multiple sensor deployment.
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Warrick, Arthur, Uri Shani, Dani Or, and Muluneh Yitayew. In situ Evaluation of Unsaturated Hydraulic Properties Using Subsurface Points. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7570566.bard.

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The primary information for accurately predicting water and solute movement and their impact on water quality is the characterization of soil hydraulic properties. This project was designed to develop methods for rapid and reliable estimates of unsaturated hydraulic properties of the soil. Particularly, in situ methodology is put forth, based on subsurface point sources. Devices were designed to allow introduction of water in subsurface settings at constant negative heads. The ability to operate at a negative head allows a direct method of finding unsaturated soil properties and a mechanism for eliminating extremely rapid preferential flow from the slow matrix flow. The project included field, laboratory and modeling components. By coupling the measurements and the modeling together, a wider range of designs can be examined, while at the same time realistic performance is assured. The developed methodology greatly expands the possibilities for evaluating hydraulic properties in place, especially for measurements in undisturbed soil within plant rooting zones. The objectives of the project were (i) To develop methods for obtaining rapid and reliable estimates of unsaturated hydraulic properties in situ, based on water distribution from subsurface point sources. These can be operated with a constant flow or at a constant head; (ii) To develop methods for distinguishing between matrix and preferential flow using cavities/permeameters under tension; (iii) To evaluate auxiliary measurements such as soil water content or tensions near the operating cavities to improve reliability of results; and (iv: To develop numerical and analytical models for obtaining soil hydraulic properties based on measurements from buried-cavity sources and the auxiliary measurements. The project began in July 1995 and was terminated in November 1998. All of the objectives were pursued. Three new subsurface point sources were designed and tested and two old types were also used. Two of the three new designs used a nylon cloth membrane (30 mm) arranged in a cylindrical geometry and operating at a negative water pressure (tension). A separate bladder arrangement allowed inflation under a positive pressure to maintain contact between the membrane and the soil cavity. The third new design used porous stainless steel (0.5 and 5 mm) arranged in six segments, each with its own water inlet, assembled to form a cylindrical supply surface when inflated in a borehole. The "old" types included an "off-the-shelf" porous cup as well as measurements from a subsurface drip emitter in a small subsurface cavity. Reasonable measurements were made with all systems. Sustained use of the cloth membrane devices were difficult because of leaks and plugging problems. All of the devices require careful consideration to assure contact with the soil system. Steady flow was established which simplified the analysis (except for the drip emitter which used a transient analysis).
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Energy optimization of water distribution system. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10189012.

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