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1
Nyathi, Nongezile Sibhekile. "Water conservation through energy conservation." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08282007-124154.
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Thesis (M.Eng.)(Chemical Engineering)--University of Pretoria, 2006.Accompanied by a CD-ROM: Appendix B. Cooling tower model results. Includes bibliographical references. Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.
2
Albright, Steven J. "Water water everywhere-- now what to do with it : an evaluation of water management strategies for East Texas /." View online, 2006. http://ecommons.txstate.edu/arp/181/.
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Clarke, Andrew Jonathan. "Promoting Conservation Via Water Rate Structures." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/297529.
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As economic growth and nontraditional uses place increasing strain on existing water resources, capturing the true value of these resources and ensuring that consumers understand and respond appropriately to this value is becoming both more difficult and more critical. Water utilities play a key role in the valuation and distribution of precious water resources. However, these utilities often have difficulty fulfilling their social obligation to encourage conservation and efficient use while collecting revenues sufficient to offset their costs. Increasingly, utilities are turning to pricing strategies to balance these two competing objectives. This paper explores how water utilities attempt to manage the trade-offs between water conservation and revenue sufficiency through rate structure design. The paperʼs comparative approach combines a review of the literature with an examination of current practice in several municipalities. The analysis suggests that, in practice, revenue sufficiency concerns often dominate in rate structure design, undermining conservation incentives. However, the literature suggests that water conservation and revenue sufficiency do not necessarily always stand in direct opposition; in fact, utilities can potentially develop rate structures that promote both. However, to do so requires an emphasis on economic analysis and the use of a broader, social accounting stance.
4
France, Glenn. "Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Casa del Agua Water Conservation Demonstration Tour in Promoting Water Conservation Behaviors." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296442.
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From the Proceedings of the 1989 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Association and the Hydrology Section - Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science - April 15, 1989, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NevadaA typical single family residence in Tucson, Arizona (Casa del Agua) was retrofitted with water conserving devices, graywater and rainwater recycling systems, and a low water use landscape. An educational tour designed to promote the incorporation of these water saving techniques has been ongoing at the home since December, 1985. A questionnaire survey was administered between April and July 1988 to determine the extent of water conservation behavior, demonstrated by the adoption of the water conservation techniques, of the Pima County population and the tour participants. Both population samples exhibited similar water conservation behaviors. It was also determined, from the analysis of the survey results, that the tour led to additional water conservation technique adoption.
5
Al-Ali, Mahmoud. "Soil water conservation and water balance model for micro-catchment water harvesting system." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10941.
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A simple water balance model was applied to a micro-catchment water harvesting system for a semi-arid area in the North-Eastern part of Jordan. Two Negarim micro-catchment water harvesting systems were built at Al-Khanasri research station. A Randomized complete block design (RCBD) in factorial combination was used with six treatments and three replicates. Each plot was divided into two parts; a runoff area, and a run-on area. Two different treatments were used for the catchment area, these were: compacted (T1) and Natural treatments (T2). Three treatments were used for the run-on area, these were: disturbed (S1), stones (S2), and crop residue mulch (S3). Soil water content was measured over a depth of 0-1 m during the seasons 96-97 in these micro-catchments. In this model; daily rainfall, runoff, and evaporation were used. Runoff was calculated by the curve number method; evaporation was calculated by the Penman equation, the Priestley and Taylor method and the Class A pan approach. The least squares method was used for optimizing model parameters. The performance of the model was assessed by different criteria, such as root mean square error, relative root mean square error, coefficient of determination and the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency method. The performance of the micro-catchments system was also evaluated. Results showed that with limited but reliable hydrological data good agreement between predicted and observed values could be obtained. The ratio of water storage in a one meter soil depth to the rainfall falling on each catchment indicated that T1S2 and T1S3 have the highest values in size1 plots while T2S1 and T2S2 have the highest values in size 2 plots. Modelling results showed that for all the size 1 plots, the required ratio of the cultivated to catchment area, (C/CA), required to ensure sufficient harvested water, was less than the actual ratio used in the experimental design. For the size 2 plots this was only true for the T1 treatments. Consequently for the majority of plot sizes and treatments, the results showed that a smaller catchment area is capable of providing sufficient harvested water to meet crop growth requirements. The experimental ratio was based on a typical yearly design rainfall for the region having either a 50% or 67% probability of occurrence. Results also indicated that using stones and crop residue as mulch on the soil surface in the cultivated area was effective in decreasing the evaporation rate. S3 was more efficient than S2 as it stored more water due to the higher infiltration rate (12.4 cm/hr) when compared to S2 (4.1 cm/hr).
6
Resnick, Sol. "Future Outlooks for Water Conservation in Arizona." Water Resources Research Center. The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/305377.
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Tinert, Carl A., and William B. Lord. "Water Conservation: An Essential Tool for Municipalities." Water Resources Research Center. The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/310681.
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Brittain, Richard, K. James DeCook, and Kennith E. Foster. "Casa del Agua: Residential Water Conservation Retrofit." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296364.
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From the Proceedings of the 1985 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Association and the Hydrology Section - Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science - April 27, 1985, Las Vegas, Nevada
9
Cook, Jeffrey M. "Residential Water Conservation: A Cross Comparative Analysis." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2011. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/673.
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This thesis will explore different water conservation strategies and systems in the residential home, using the city of Irvine as a basis. The thesis will compare the financial implications between the different systems and as a return on investment. The analysis will also account for ecological and social implications on the occupants, in particular their standard of living and lifestyle changes. The thesis will explore the ability to conserve water in new residential construction and will provide a sustainable and conscientious schematic water design for the particular area of concern.
This thesis will act as a preliminary case study for a water system in a California residential home. It will address the entire lifecycle of water after it arrives on site, to the use of the water and eventual expenditure. A comprehensive design solution will be proposed, based on the body of knowledge in the field and the research findings. The design will also evaluate the alternatives of different systems, in terms of: catchment, treatment, filtering, reuse, and for returning the used water back into nature (sometimes through a municipal system). It is expected that the proposed system will inform the occupants of their water usage, and simultaneously control and reduce water usage levels.
As part of the final proposal, a detailed analysis will be provided of the entire water system. It will involve a critical analysis of existing systems as well as the application of the new design. The thesis will highlight how decisions were made based on the criteria that would affect the occupants, allowing for future adaptations of the solution to projects or case studies with different standards. The end-product of the research will be a baseline development that can be further explored as technology and demand change in the future, and when on-site water systems become more abundant and better understood.
10
Schneider, Joseph. "A look into water conservation : an evaluation of landscape water regulations." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/882.
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Weatherhead, E. K. "Future irrigation water demand and on-farm water conservation in England." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2001. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/11105.
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The aim of this thesis is to predict the future demand for water for irrigation of outdoor
agricultural crops in England, and to assess the likely on-farm responses to potential water
shortages and related legislative change.
The past underlying growth in the demand for irrigation water was assessed, by regression
analyses of the MAFF irrigation survey results, for each of eight crop categories and in total,
using modelled irrigation need as a proxy for climate variation. The growth in total water
demand was validated by comparison with the reported growth in total abstractions. These
indicate an underlying growth in total irrigation water use between 1982 and 1995 of between
3% and 4% per annum, expressed as percentages of the 1995 values. The results show that
irrigation has been increasingly concentrated on the more valuable crops, notably maincrop
potatoes, small fruit and vegetables, and that those crops that are irrigated have been
increasingly given more water.
The future growth in the demand for irrigation water, for each of the eight crop categories and-
in total, was modelled as the product of predicted future crop areas, proportions to be irrigated,
depths of water to be applied and application efficiencies. On-farm economic modelling,
macro-economic models, and expert opinion were used to predict future changes in each of
these factors. A spreadsheet model was then used to calculate the future growth in irrigation
water demand, for each crop category and in total, and for each Region and nationally. The
same methodology has also been applied within a GIS to map the spatial variation in growth. In
later work, the Foresight scenario approach has been used to consider alternative socio-
economic futures.
These results predict that in the short to medium term at least, the total demand for irrigation
water will continue to grow rapidly, and its use will become even more concentrated on the
high-value crops. Growth is greatest in those areas where water resources are already most
scarce.
Meanwhile, water availability for agriculture is expected to be constrained or even decline
because of increased environmental protection, particularly in the drier parts of the country
where irrigation is concentrated. Climate change has not been modelled in this work, but under
current predictions, it is likely to have a double effect, simultaneously reducing water supply
and increasing water demand, and hence increasing the scarcity and value of water and the
benefits of water conservation.
The farmers' likely responses to the almost inevitable water shortages have been assessed by
estimating the net on-farm value of the water, and comparing this to the benefits and costs of
the various options for either reducing demand or increasing on-farm supply, within likely
technical, legal and other constraints. The aspects considered include irrigation methods,
scheduling, agronomic practices, mulches, on-farm reservoirs, water harvesting and water re-
use.
This analysis shows that the on-farm benefits of irrigation are generally substantially higher
than the direct costs of irrigation. The benefits of conserving water are highly variable, partly
because inflexible licensing restricts opportunities to reallocate water between farms. The
thesis shows that on those farms where water is valuable and scarce, this will lead to on-farm
investment particularly in on-farm reservoirs, more advanced technology and better scheduling.
Constraints to change are discussed. Meanwhile, on farms which already have adequate water
resources, there is at present little financial incentive to adopt any irrigation water conservation
measures at all.
The thesis concludes that both farmers and water regulators must prepare for a less certain
future in which water for irrigation is scarcer and more valuable, and demand is higher and
more concentrated. The opportunities for action by various groups are discussed.
12
Weatherhead, Edward Keith. "Future irrigation water demand and on-farm water conservation in England." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2001. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/11105.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this thesis is to predict the future demand for water for irrigation of outdoor agricultural crops in England, and to assess the likely on-farm responses to potential water shortages and related legislative change. The past underlying growth in the demand for irrigation water was assessed, by regression analyses of the MAFF irrigation survey results, for each of eight crop categories and in total, using modelled irrigation need as a proxy for climate variation. The growth in total water demand was validated by comparison with the reported growth in total abstractions. These indicate an underlying growth in total irrigation water use between 1982 and 1995 of between 3% and 4% per annum, expressed as percentages of the 1995 values. The results show that irrigation has been increasingly concentrated on the more valuable crops, notably maincrop potatoes, small fruit and vegetables, and that those crops that are irrigated have been increasingly given more water. The future growth in the demand for irrigation water, for each of the eight crop categories and- in total, was modelled as the product of predicted future crop areas, proportions to be irrigated, depths of water to be applied and application efficiencies. On-farm economic modelling, macro-economic models, and expert opinion were used to predict future changes in each of these factors. A spreadsheet model was then used to calculate the future growth in irrigation water demand, for each crop category and in total, and for each Region and nationally. The same methodology has also been applied within a GIS to map the spatial variation in growth. In later work, the Foresight scenario approach has been used to consider alternative socio- economic futures. These results predict that in the short to medium term at least, the total demand for irrigation water will continue to grow rapidly, and its use will become even more concentrated on the high-value crops. Growth is greatest in those areas where water resources are already most scarce. Meanwhile, water availability for agriculture is expected to be constrained or even decline because of increased environmental protection, particularly in the drier parts of the country where irrigation is concentrated. Climate change has not been modelled in this work, but under current predictions, it is likely to have a double effect, simultaneously reducing water supply and increasing water demand, and hence increasing the scarcity and value of water and the benefits of water conservation. The farmers' likely responses to the almost inevitable water shortages have been assessed by estimating the net on-farm value of the water, and comparing this to the benefits and costs of the various options for either reducing demand or increasing on-farm supply, within likely technical, legal and other constraints. The aspects considered include irrigation methods, scheduling, agronomic practices, mulches, on-farm reservoirs, water harvesting and water re- use. This analysis shows that the on-farm benefits of irrigation are generally substantially higher than the direct costs of irrigation. The benefits of conserving water are highly variable, partly because inflexible licensing restricts opportunities to reallocate water between farms. The thesis shows that on those farms where water is valuable and scarce, this will lead to on-farm investment particularly in on-farm reservoirs, more advanced technology and better scheduling. Constraints to change are discussed. Meanwhile, on farms which already have adequate water resources, there is at present little financial incentive to adopt any irrigation water conservation measures at all. The thesis concludes that both farmers and water regulators must prepare for a less certain future in which water for irrigation is scarcer and more valuable, and demand is higher and more concentrated. The opportunities for action by various groups are discussed.
13
Jeong, Seung Hyo. "The Impact of Water-Energy Feedback on Water Conservation at Residence Halls." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23729.
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Demand for potable water and energy is increasing with growing populations and economies and many fear that scarcity of such resources will become a significant worldwide problem in the future. As such, promoting water and energy conservation in residential building environments has become an important focal area for research. Providing feedback of water or energy consumption to residential building occupants has been demonstrated to be effective in promoting water and energy conservation separately. However, although water and energy are inexorably connected, we lack research that investigates the bridge between water and energy in the representation of feedback to promote water conservation. In this paper, we describe a study that was designed to investigate the impact of two different representations of water consumption feedback on water conservation. Water consumption was represented to consumers in one of two different ways: 1) gallons and 2) gallons along with the estimated embodied energy of water consumption. The study was conducted in 18 residential halls at Virginia Tech and lasted approximately six weeks. The outcome of the study suggests that representing water consumption in terms of gallons together with the embodied energy associated with water consumption can lead to a statistically significant reduction in water conservation while representing water consumption only in terms of gallons may not. This has significant implications for future water feedback designed to promote water conservation and the study indicates that non-monetary approach can be taken.Master of Science
14
Hastie, Michele. "Energy and Water Conservation in Biodiesel Purification Processes." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20384.
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Biodiesel purification processes generate wastewater streams that require a large amount of energy when distillation is used as a treatment technology. Process simulation software was used to show that an alternative water treatment process involving ion exchange would require only 31% of the energy used by distillation. Experiments showed that multiple washing stages were required to meet the standard specification for sodium, an impurity present in crude biodiesel, when washing biodiesel made from used frying oil. A comparison was made between washing biodiesel in a cross-current washing configuration and a counter-current configuration. Both configurations met the specification for sodium within three washing stages; however, the counter-current configuration required less water, making it the more efficient process. Lastly, the removal of sodium from wastewater samples using an ion exchange resin was experimentally investigated. The results validated the use of ion exchange to reduce energy consumption in biodiesel purification.
15
Doi, Andrew K. "Planning for water conservation, greater Vancouver Regional District." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0013/MQ61424.pdf.
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McDermott, Rodney Patrick Joseph. "Water conservation impact on solid transfer in sewers." Thesis, Ulster University, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.674968.
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The scope of the study was to investigate the impact of water conservation on several aspects of solids transfer during low flows in sewerage systems which service small catchments. A newly constructed test-rig allowed for several test regimes in a small catchment, using simulated faeces. The test-rig encompassed WCs/bathrooms, lateral sewers, junctions, three branch sewer types, including a wide egg-shaped pipe and a main sewer which were all adjustable for height and gradient. Testing addressed gaps in the research including simulated human faeces, impact of wipes, cistern height adjustment, effects of non-invert level junctions, single occupancy dwellings, white goods discharge, bath and shower discharge patterns, degradation of human faeces and variable gradients. Original contributions are: 1. Simulated human faeces has been developed; this organic material is known as "The Buncrana". 2. Degradation of human faeces can take place in at least eight stages; this was also verified for the Buncrana. 3. Physical conditions can exist to provide unlimited solid transfer distance of given organic material, in contrast to work of previous researchers. 4. For a given solid and a 6.0 litre flush, limiting solid transfer distances (LSTD) can be established in a 30.0 m long 160 mm OD PVC pipe but not in the equivalent wide egg shaped sewer/pipe. The LSTD values are based on a single solid that is not combined with toilet paper or toilet wipes. 5. The wide egg-shaped pipe/sewer has advantages over circular pipes and at a 1/50 gradient can transfer the Buncrana a minimum of 30.0m with a maximum of 3 No. 6.0 litre flushes. For the same gradient and flush conditions the equivalent 160 mm OD PVC results in transferring the Buncrana circa 10.30511" However solid degradation was inhibited in the wide egg-shaped pipe. 6. Sewer pipeline configuration is key; a "minimum distance to convergence point" must be established to maximise use of water other than WC flush and prevent it bypass solids. 7. A methodology for the scoping of a code of practice for low flow testing has been drafted. 8. Risk of sewer blockages from single occupancy dwellings arises from adhesion of human faeces to the sewer. This thesis has recommended significant further research to provide innovation in the design of sewers to cater for water conservation.
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Abohajer, Mohamed Salah. "Water resources and their conservation in Islamic law." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683085.
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Teinert, Carl A. "Designing an Effective and Acceptable Water Conservation Plan." Water Resources Research Center. The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/310682.
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To be effective, your plan must understand your utility's future water demand and water supply in order to identify problems and bring each into balance. To work, your plan must be acceptable to city council members and consumers.
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Foster, Kennith E., and Martin M. Karpiscak. "Water Conservation Potential Research at Casa del Agua." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296441.
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From the Proceedings of the 1989 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Association and the Hydrology Section - Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science - April 15, 1989, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NevadaCasa del Agua is a research and demonstration project to test the efficiency and liveability of a house that has been relandscaped and redesigned with water saving and recycling devices. Ongoing research focuses on six interrelated tasks: 1) water quality and sampling to characterize graywater and rainwater and to determine their potential to impact the environment; 2) water balance analysis that quantifies fresh water use, graywater production and use, and rooftop runoff and use; 3) evaluation of system components that could enhance graywater reuse; and 4) maintenance and modification of existing systems. An interpretation of recent data and information derived from the performance of the above tasks indicates the effectiveness of the project's water-saving strategies, as well as other significant findings relevant to water conservation in an urban, residential setting.
20
Sathapornvajana, Kuakul. "Improving community water conservation behavior in Chachoengsao, Thailand." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2008. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1607.
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The issue of water supply throughout the world is of concern for many reasons. It is projected that by the year 2025 two-thirds of the world's population will encounter moderate to severe water shortages. As a result of unsustainable development over the past decade, Thailand has faced pollution problems as well as the depletion of many natural resources. These problems have impacted on the country's main rivers (Chaopraya River, Thachine River, and the Bangpakong River), that are crucial to a sustainable economy, society, and culture. There needs to be a concentrated effort at all levels (individual to community) to address this problem. This thesis reports on a collaborative water conservation project undertaken in the Banmai and Bone market communities located on the banks of the Bangpakong River in Chachoengsao province, Thailand. In the first phase a qualitative research paradigm was used to gain an understanding of sixteen Bangpakong River stakeholders' perceptions of the river and to determine the factors motivating or constraining their water conservation behaviour. Information obtained in this phase was used to construct a questionnaire to measure a range of variables associated with water conservation behaviours and to provide a framework for the subsequent phases of the study. The second phase used the information accumulated in phase one and involved twenty community leaders in partial participant action research in order to obtain solutions for solving the water pollution problem, plan an appropriate Water Conservation Campaign and empower the leaders to mobilise community members. The third phase, the community-based Water Conservation Campaign planned by the community leaders in phase two was implemented over a six month period. Prior to the campaign, immediately following the campaign and three months after the completion of the campaign a sample of 110 community members completed a questionnaire designed to assess the effectiveness of the campaign and to determine the factors predicting their intention to conserve water. An additional 109 participants from Bang-Wua, and Bangkhla market community which was not involved in the campaign also completed the questionnaire as a control group. Multiple Regressions and repeated MANCOVA indicated that the Water Conservation Campaign had a significant effect on the participants in the experimental group across times in six aspects; namely Knowledge, Attitudes, Past Behaviour, Perceived Behaviour Control, Situational Supporters, and also the Intention to Conserve Water. However it did not have a significant effect on Subjective Norm or Sense of Community. With the exception of Situational Supporters, similar results were obtained when the leaders were excluded from the analysis. In comparison to the control group, the experimental group scored significantly higher on Water Conservation Knowledge, Intention to Conserve Water, Attitude towards Water Conservation, Subjective Norm, Past Behaviour, Perceived Behavioural Control and Situational Supporters immediately after the campaign. The same results were obtained when leaders were excluded from the analysis. However, three months later, the experimental group (with and without leaders) scored significantly higher only on Water Conservation Knowledge, Subjective Norm and Past Behaviour, and significantly lower on Situational Supporters. These results suggest that community involvement in a water conservation campaign is an effective, empowering and useful approach to address the issue of water pollution in the Bangpakong River.
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Ansari, Shaghayegh Moalemzadeh. "An Investigation into Water Usage and Water Efficient Design for Persian Gardens." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/595836.
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Investigation and research into the Persian Gardens, leading this project into a step that these World Heritage Sites might have been known as sustainable construction, but the fact that water scarcity of their region is a serious threaten for all these amazing Gardens. Thus, enhancing and improving these gardens by merging, adding and adapting todays technologies can make them considered as constructions with water and energy conservation design. Based on nowadays world environment concerns, recognizing renewable and non-renewable sources of energies in a region or site can cause a miracle. Since, almost all Persian Gardens located in regions with arid and semi-arid climate, water poverty as a biggest issue and nonrenewable energy should be included as a problematic concern. There are many available active and passive strategies that can be applied in these heritage sites which decrease water consumption either directly or indirectly. Such as water harvesting, greywater reuse, photovoltaic panels and material changes. Water known as a vital element of each garden for irrigation purposes, but in Persian Garden water is more than a functional element. Thus, finding a way to provide and recycle water beside the underground sources is necessary. Subterranean, springs and wells are resources of water for Persian gardens which renew so slowly or non-renew these days. Being so close to a city with considerable population lunches and idea of using greywater for irrigation in these gardens. In this research, the doable options for energy conservation design for these sites will be discussed, then comparing some case studies in all over world where greywater reusing water system for irrigation is happening will be next step. In conclusion, greywater reusing system in urban scale in order to irrigate a filed or garden will be investigate on a Shazdeh Garden as a main case study of this research.
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Sant''Ana, Daniel Richard. "A socio-technical study of water consumption and water conservation in Brazilian dwellings." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.532165.
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Dolan, A. Holly. "Rural water use decision-making, adoption of water conservation practices in southwestern Ontario." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ56277.pdf.
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Park, Hyun Jung. "A study to develop strategies for proactive water-loss management." Diss., unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-06252007-125732/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2006.Title from file title page. Mary Beth Walker, committee chair; Ronald G. Cummings, Douglas S. Noonan, Bryan G. Norton, William L. Waugh, committee members. Electronic text (144 p. : ill. (some col.)) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Nov. 29, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 135-144).
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Wan, Chi-lam Floyd. "Wetland and water ecology centre in Tai O /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3461235X.
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Sokulsky, Kariann Elizabeth. "Implementing Municipal Water Conservation Policy: Goals, Practices and the Case of Texas." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc935828/.
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This study examines whether water conservation is actually being incorporated into municipal water management practices. The development of a conservation policy from a general goal declaration to specific programmatic practices is reviewed for a Texas state water agency, the Texas Water Development Board. From January 1986 through September 1989, 102 political units in Texas applied to the Board for water-related loan funds and thus were required to implement municipal water conservation plans. Two aspects of this conversation policy are assessed: one, the Board's procedural arrangements for the development and review of water conservation plans, and two, the conservation plans of each political unit. It is concluded that Texas state water managers, and local manager also, have yet to incorporate conservation as a significant planning tool for the achievement of water management goals.
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Forster, Rowland. "Domestic water conservation study, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq23307.pdf.
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Croockewit, John. "Residential water conservation, application and relevance in British Columbia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0028/MQ51323.pdf.
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Campana, Pietro Elia. "PV water pumping systems for grassland and farmland conservation." Licentiate thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-22952.
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Grassland degradation is considered as one of the worst environmental and economic problems in China because of the negative impacts on water and food security. The application of the photovoltaic water pumping (PVWP) technology for irrigation is an innovative and sustainable solution to curb the progress of grassland desertification and to promote the conservation of farmland in remote areas. The combination of PVWP with water saving irrigation techniques and the sustainable management of the water resources enhances the grass productivity enabling to halt wind and rainfall erosion and to provide higher incomes and better living conditions for farmers. PVWP systems have been used for more than 40 years especially for drinking purposes, livestock watering and irrigation in small-medium size applications. Nevertheless, several knowledge gaps still exist and system failures still occur, which are mainly bounded to the system design procedure and optimization. The technical and economic feasibilities related to the system implementation, especially effectiveness and profitability, need to be addressed. Moreover, irrigation in remote areas constrained by availability of water resources has to be investigated for a better understanding of PVWP system integration with the environment and for optimization purposes. This thesis is to bridge the current knowledge gaps, optimize system implementation and prevent system failures Validation of the models adopted and optimization of the system on the basis of solar energy resources and exploitable groundwater has been performed for a pilot PVWP system in Inner Mongolia. The match between the water supplied through the pumping system and the grass water demand has been studied, and the effects of pumping on the available resources and the crop productivity have been evaluated. The economic analyses have also been conducted in order to establish the most cost effective solution to provide water for irrigation and to evaluate the project profitability. In addition, the CO2 emission reductions by using PV technology have been assessed as well. It was found that the proper designed PVWP system represents the best technical and economic solution to provide water for irrigation in the remote areas compared to other water pumping technologies, such as diesel water pumping and wind power water pumping due to the high positive net present values and short payback periods.
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Foster, Kennith E., Martin M. Karpiscak, K. James DeCook, Richard Brittain, Charles P. Gerba, Michael C. Parton, and R. Leslie Rawles. "Residential Water Conservation Progress Report for Casa Del Agua." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296371.
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From the Proceedings of the 1986 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Association, Hydrology Section - Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science and the Arizona Hydrological Society - April 19, 1986, Glendale Community College, Glendale, ArizonaCasa del Agua, a research and demonstration water conservation house, was opened to the public in September 1985. This typical 3 bedroom residence has been re-landscaped and retrofitted with storage for rainwater and graywater and low water use plumbing fixtures including toilets. A unique graywater treatment system employs two 300 gallon aquacells and a sand filter to upgrade graywater quality. The house is occupied by a family of three and detailed data are being obtained on water input, use and quality. Qualitative measures include microbiological, physical and chemical characteristics of filtered rainwater and treated, untreated and stored graywater. A model of water efficiency for dwelling units known as the "W-Index" is being formulated as a quantitative measure of residential water conservation options. The numerical evaluation of weighting of the index components will be aided by means of data generated in the monitoring program at Casa del Agua. A nomogram has been developed to provide a ready mechanism to determine the necessary storage volume for rainwater in terms of a specified availability of supply, catchment area, and rate of water use.
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Zietlow, Kim J. "Socio-demographic and psychological determinants of water conservation behavior." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17425.
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Wasser ist eine der wichtigsten Ressourcen. Jedoch schätzt man, dass sich das globale Wasserdefizit schon im Jahr 2030 auf ca. 40 Prozent belaufen wird. Klimawandel, veränderte Lebensweisen, und Bevölkerungswachstum verstärken das Nachfrage-Angebot-Defizit. Als Konsequenz leiden immer mehr Regionen unter Wasserknappheit. Eine reduzierte Wassernachfrage bedingt durch verstärktes Wassersparen kann das Problem verringern. Das Ziel dieser Dissertation ist es daher, zu einem besseren Verständnis der sozio-demographischen und psychologischen Determinanten von Wassersparverhalten beizutragen. Basierend auf drei Datensätzen aus Deutschland und Jordanien wurden die verschiedenen Facetten von Wassersparverhalten und deren Determinanten beleuchtet. Das Verhältnis zwischen Wassersparen und Umwelteinstellung, einem latenten Konstrukt, das kooperative, prosoziale und sogar moralische Tendenzen widerspiegelt, wurde konzeptionell untersucht. Zusätzlich wurde Wassersparen in Deutschland als ein Repräsentant für moralisches Verhalten verwendet. In diesem Zusammenhang wurden Umwelteinstellung und der Persönlichkeitsfaktor Ehrlichkeit-Bescheidenheit auf ihr Vermögen hin verglichen, moralisches Verhalten vorherzusehen. Eine ausführliche Analyse zur Bewertung einer Kampagne zur Förderung des Wassersparbewusstseins hat detaillierte Informationen zu ihren tatsächlichen Effekten gezeigt. Eine weitere Analyse hat sich auf die Determinanten von Wassersparverhalten in Jordanien konzentriert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Wassersparverhalten nicht durch Alter, Bildungsgrad und Einkommen beeinflusst wird, sondern eher durch die Ausprägung der Umwelteinstellung. Diese Dissertation liefert wertvolle Informationen für Forscher und Politiker. Die detaillierte Untersuchung von verschiedenen Wasserspardeterminanten birgt großes Potenzial für ein verbessertes Wassermanagement.Water is one of the most important resources. However, the global water deficit was estimated to reach about 40% by 2030. Climate change, changing lifestyles, and population growth increase the supply and demand gap further. As a consequence, more and more regions experience water scarcity. In that context, reduced household water demand due to enhanced water conservation could alleviate the problem or, at least, reduce the pressure on water resources. Thus, this thesis aims to contribute to a better understanding of the socio-demographic and psychological determinants of water conservation behavior. Based on three distinct datasets from Germany and Jordan, the manifold facets of water conservation and its determinants were examined. From a conceptual perspective, the relationship between water conservation and environmental attitude, a latent construct representing cooperative, prosocial, and even moral tendencies, were investigated. Furthermore, water conservation in Germany was used as a proxy for moral behavior. In that respect, environmental attitude and the personality factor Honesty-Humility were compared in order to determine, which factor constitutes the better predictor of moral behavior. Using original data from Jordan, a comprehensive impact evaluation of a water conservation awareness campaign revealed detailed information on its actual effects. Another analysis focused on a wide variety of water conservation determinants in Jordan. The results indicate that water conservation does not differ with respect to age, education, and income, but rather with different levels of environmental attitude. This thesis provides valuable information for researchers and policy makers alike. The detailed examination of various water conservation determinants offer a great potential for an improved management of household water demand.
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Ahlenius, Rebecca. "Water Conservation Policy : The Case of Los Angeles City." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-384798.
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This thesis aims to increase our understanding of how the drought and water shortages between 2013-2017 were framed locally in Los Angeles City. The main focus is the mandatory water conservation policy put forth by Los Angeles City in 2016. The method being used is a frame analysis with three guiding questions as an analytical framework. Those three questions are; - if the definition of water and users of water is the same as in Ostrom’s research on common pool resources - if climate change is part of the discourse in policy and - what frames are being used to persuade citizens to comply with policy on water conservation. This study shows that Los Angeles City does not share the definitions of water and users of water with Ostrom, climate change is not mentioned in the policy on Emergency Water Conservation and penalties and the police force is used to get citizens to comply with water conservation policy. However, mandatory restrictions on water use are needed, according to the Mayor of Los Angeles City, in order to avoid a public disaster or calamity.
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Glenn, Diana T. "Residential Landscape Water Check Programs: Exploring a Conservation Tool." DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/836.
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In response to drought and regional growth in the arid western United States, urban water demand management is increasingly important. Single family residences use approximately 60% of their water consumption to irrigate landscapes often in excess of plant water requirements. This study utilized a quasi-experimental design to investigate outdoor water consumption and assess the effectiveness of a landscape water check conservation program. Study objectives included describing a contextualized landscape system to reveal variables influencing water use, identifying better ways to evaluate landscape water use, and more effectively targeting and delivering water conservation programs.
The study was conducted during the 2004 and 2005 irrigation seasons in Logan City, Utah, in connection with a city-sponsored water check program. In Utah's sixth year of drought, free water checks were offered to all city households and delivered to 148 self-selected volunteers (2004) and 101 recruits from a target sample of above-average water users (2005). The site-specific approach incorporated landscape water checks to inspect residential landscapes, historical ETo data to create irrigation water schedules, survey data to assess water conservation behavior and the effectiveness of a water check program as a conservation tool, remote sensing data to develop household water budgets, and city water billing records to evaluate water consumption during a six-year period (2002 - 2007).
The data analysis informed creation of a conceptual framework of the residential landscape system that describes the complex systems thinking required to use water effectively. Water use case studies illustrate the interplay of system domains; site, plant material, irrigation technology, and behavior. Several assessment and monitoring tools were developed to aid in data analysis, which include the Urban Landscape Water Index and Conservation Outcomes Assessment and Intervention Evaluation Tools. Key research findings reveal the influence of sprinkler system controllers, adoption of recommended water schedule and conservation measures, and residential mobility on subsequent water use.
Research findings shed light on the complex and contextualized nature of water use in relation to residential landscapes and on methodological issues involved in evaluating conservation program effectiveness. These findings have important implications for the design and implementation of outdoor water conservation programs.
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Antoniou, Dimitri Theodore. "Water Conservation for the County of San Luis Obispo." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2010. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/325.
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This study is an academic research project completed to satisfy the California Polytechnic Master Thesis Requirement for the Master Degree of City and Regional Planning in the College of Architecture and Environmental Design.
The County of San Luis Obispo Planning and Building Department is the client for this professional project. The project was requested by the County of San Luis Obispo to assist in its water conservation efforts and to help achieve a 20 percent per capita reduction of water use by the year 2020.
The project consists of two documents: A Handbook of Water Conservation Technologies and Practices (Handbook) and the Background Report for the Water Conservation Handbook (Background Report).
The Handbook is intended to provide a quick guide to various water conserving fixtures and appliances that developers and residents throughout the County of San Luis Obispo can reference for personal use. The Handbook includes information on the type of technology, the benefits in terms of water saving potential, and the cost of implementation. The Handbook is organized based on Indoor and Outdoor water uses.
The Background Report is a supplemental document for the Handbook which provides more in depth descriptions and examples on each technology. The Background Report also provides history on water conservation issues in California and San Luis Obispo. It looks at two case studies: one, on the water conservation efforts in Phoenix, Arizona, and two, on a plumbing retrofit project on the Cal Poly Campus that was awarded LEED certification for its water savings. Furthermore, the Background Report explores case studies in the use of community participatory planning to produce water conservation plans. The studies focused on a Community Plan development in Arroyo Grande, California, and on an Integrated Regional Water Management Plan in the Greater Los Angeles Region. The Background Report concludes by providing some cautionary advice on water conservation technologies and provides future recommendations for the county of San Luis Obispo to improve its water conservation efforts.
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Wegelin, Willem Adriaan. "Guideline for a robust assessment of the potential savings from water conservation and water demand management." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96909.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Water loss in water distribution systems has been studied for many years in many countries and is continuously leading to the development of new concepts and theories, publications, guidelines and software models. Despite these developments, 45 % of water utilities in South Africa still do not understand the extent of water losses in the distribution systems that they operate (Wegelin et al., 2012:27). It is important, in terms of water services planning, that a realistic estimate of the potential savings from individual water conservation and water demand management (WC/WDM) measures is made as it impacts directly on water security and business matters. If the potential savings were incorrectly or inaccurately calculated, additional resources might have to be developed at short notice to be able to supply in the demand. Advanced software models, such as BENCHLEAK, PRESMAC, SANFLOW, AQUALITE and ECONOLEAK (McKenzie & Bhagwan, 2000) have been developed to quantify the extent of physical and commercial losses in water supply systems. Similar advanced models are available for estimating water demand. Such advanced models require numerous input parameters, each of which needs to be described accurately. The predicament is that such complex models are often simply not applicable in certain areas with limited resources and limited input data. In contrast, robust guidelines that are relatively insensitive to input parameters are useful in developing countries, where all input values for complex water demand models may be unavailable or inaccurate. No robust method has yet been developed for estimating the potential water savings that would result from WC/WDM interventions. A need thus exists to estimate water savings in a robust way with relatively few inputs. This guideline promotes the development of a robust WC/WDM strategy, based on a systematic and pragmatic approach, which requires less initial funding and develops with time. The methodologies developed by the Water Loss Task Force (WLTF) of the International Water Association (IWA), were used to develop six basic steps, which need to be followed to develop a WC/WDM strategy. During the six steps, the minimum requirements for implementing WC/WDM will be defined, the current water losses and efficiencies will be determined, and potential targets will be set based on national and international benchmarks. Once targets have been set, 20 key interventions were identified to address water use efficiency, and commercial and physical losses. The motivation behind each intervention is provided based on best practice, case studies and legal requirements. The model ensures that the potential savings from the various interventions are sufficient to ensure that targets are achieved, and if not, that targets must be revised. The potential savings from interventions are based on literature reviews and new formulas developed as part of this guideline. The results from the various interventions would enable the water utility to prioritise interventions. The guideline concludes with a flow diagram describing the methodology.
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Byrne, Joshua. "Mains Water Neutral Gardening: An integrated approach to water conservation in sustainable urban gardens." Thesis, Byrne, Joshua (2016) Mains Water Neutral Gardening: An integrated approach to water conservation in sustainable urban gardens. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2016. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/35055/.
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The role of urban green space in contributing to the liveability of cities and towns is well recognised. Residential gardens make up a large portion of urban green space and how they are designed and managed will determine whether they contribute to environmental enhancement and human wellbeing, or become additional sources of resource depletion and pollution. This thesis demonstrates ways in which gardening can contribute to urban sustainability through thoughtful design and the clever management of water. Two new concepts are presented to achieve this objective: ‘Sustainable Urban Gardening’ and ‘Mains Water Neutral Gardening’.
Sustainable Urban Gardening (SUG) is a multi-criteria sustainability framework that promotes a series of goals, including Energy Efficiency; Organic Waste Recycling and Soil Management; Biodiversity and Habitat Restoration; Organic Pest and Disease Management; Local Food Production; Water Conservation; and Health and Wellbeing of Householders.
Mains Water Neutral Gardening (MWNG) is a site-responsive, integrated approach to water system design and management in residential gardens. It incorporates available lot-scale alternative water sources, such as greywater, rainwater and groundwater, with efficient irrigation practices and local environmental conditions to establish holistic water budgets that are capable of meeting garden water requirements as part of a water-sensitive landscape design.
Three residential case study gardens based on the SUG and MWNG concepts were designed, built and documented as part of this research, whilst also featuring extensively in Australian television and print media. Monitoring demonstrated a reduction in household mains water consumption of between 42% and 92% when compared to local averages whilst addressing the intended SUG goals. The findings show the potential for greywater, rainwater and sustainably managed groundwater to contribute to mains water savings as part of a well-considered landscape design and household, however the high cost of supply in comparison to mains water (on a dollar per kilolitre basis) presents a barrier to broader adoption. Nonetheless, novel methods that optimise these water sources are demonstrated, enabling increased household resilience whilst reducing demand on constrained mains water supplies.
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Hurlbut, David. "Irrigation for sale : a case study of water marketing and conservation in the Rio Grande Valley of Texas /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Minor, Charlotta Thorne. "Predicting outdoor water conservation potential for single family residences in the High School Wash Watershed, Tucson, Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=.
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Ren, Bo. "Who was in charge of the water conservation? : investigation of water conservation and management in the upper reaches of the Huai, 1912-1949." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/41089/.
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This thesis examines water conservation in the upper valley of the Huai River in Anhui Province, close to the border between north and south China, during the Republic of China (ROC) era (1912-1949). Two main flood relief and water conservation projects are studied in detail. In order to gain a deeper and broader understanding of water conservation policies and practices in China during that period, additional comparative studies were undertaken of two water conservation projects in the lower areas of the Yangtze River in south and northwest China. The main question addressed in the thesis is: What are the key factors affecting the conservation and management of water in China during the ROC era? A further aim of the thesis is to reveal the inter-relationships between water conservation and ROC government policies, and the influence of grass roots actors and international powers in that period. This thesis includes a review of the literature on environmental history, in particular the history of water conservation. For the empirical investigation, a multi-disciplinary, mixed method was adopted, combining the study of historical documents and fieldwork in a series of detailed case studies. Firstly, this study investigates the relief work project in the upper area of the Huai River. The work and the lives of peasant labourers in a water conservation project, including their cooperation and conflicts with upper class engineers and officials are considered in order to provide a vivid and thorough exploration of the worksite. Secondly, the thesis describes and analyses the relationships between various groups (including engineers, the gentry, residents and officials of the Anfengtang Pond community), through a series of stories that highlight their activities, roles and priorities within water conservation and management initiatives. Thirdly, the thesis considers the history of the Lotus Polder and the story of the Jinghui Channel. Fourth, it explores the relationship between international politics and water conservation in the ROC to explain how modern culture and industry penetrated an old water conservation community. The interplay and influence of a wide variety of factors that affected water conservation in the ROC era, such as land policies, economic situation, national finance, wars, traditions and western factors, are addressed and analysed in this thesis.
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Lee, Mengshan. "Integrated Assessment of Water Conservation Practices For Sustainable Management Strategies." FIU Digital Commons, 2011. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/439.
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Miami-Dade County implemented a series of water conservation programs, which included rebate/exchange incentives to encourage the use of high efficiency aerators (AR), showerheads (SH), toilets (HET) and clothes washers (HEW), to respond to the environmental sustainability issue in urban areas. This study first used panel data analysis of water consumption to evaluate the performance and actual water savings of individual programs. Integrated water demand model has also been developed for incorporating property’s physical characteristics into the water consumption profiles. Life cycle assessment (with emphasis on end-use stage in water system) of water intense appliances was conducted to determine the environmental impacts brought by each practice.
Approximately 6 to 10 % of water has been saved in the first and second year of implementation of high efficiency appliances, and with continuing savings in the third and fourth years. Water savings (gallons per household per day) for water efficiency appliances were observed at 28 (11.1%) for SH, 34.7 (13.3%) for HET, and 39.7 (14.5%) for HEW. Furthermore, the estimated contributions of high efficiency appliances for reducing water demand in the integrated water demand model were between 5 and 19% (highest in the AR program). Results indicated that adoption of more than one type of water efficiency appliance could significantly reduce residential water demand.
For the sustainable water management strategies, the appropriate water conservation rate was projected to be 1 to 2 million gallons per day (MGD) through 2030. With 2 MGD of water savings, the estimated per capita water use (GPCD) could be reduced from approximately 140 to 122 GPCD. Additional efforts are needed to reduce the water demand to US EPA’s “Water Sense” conservation levels of 70 GPCD by 2030. Life cycle assessment results showed that environmental impacts (water and energy demands and greenhouse gas emissions) from end-use and demand phases are most significant within the water system, particularly due to water heating (73% for clothes washer and 93% for showerhead). Estimations of optimal lifespan for appliances (8 to 21 years) implied that earlier replacement with efficiency models is encouraged in order to minimize the environmental impacts brought by current practice.
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Serna, Victoria Faubion. "Effects of a Water Conservation Education Program on Water Use in Single-family Homes in Dallas, Texas." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699967/.
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The City of Dallas Environmental Education Initiative (EEI) is a hands-on, inquiry-based, K-12 water conservation education program that teaches students concepts about water and specific water conservation behaviors. Few descriptions and evaluations, especially quantitative in nature, of water conservation education programs have previously been conducted in the literature. This research measured the quantitative effects and impacts of the education program on water use in single-family homes in Dallas, Texas. A total of 2,122 students in 104 classrooms at three schools in the Dallas Independent School District received hands-on, inquiry-based water conservation education lessons and the average monthly water use (in gallons) in single-family homes was analyzed to measure whether or not there was a change in water use. The results showed that over a period of one calendar year the water use in the single-family homes within each school zone and throughout the entire research area in this study experienced a statistically significant decrease in water use of approximately 501 gallons per home per month (independent, t-test, p>0.001). Data from this research suggests that EEI is playing a role in decreasing the amount of water used for residential purposes. Additionally, this research demonstrates the use of a quantitative tool by which a water conservation education program’s effect on behavior change can be measured. This research shows great promise for reducing use and increasing the conservation of our world’s most precious resource.
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Whyte, Michelle. "Social network analysis of stakeholders in the Duiwenhoks Water Catchment." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020995.
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Social-ecological systems are facing complex social, political, economic and environmental problems beyond the capacity of one group of stakeholders or organization to solve in isolation. Ecosystem degradation causes major environmental and economic concern, due to the loss of ecosystem services which river and wetland ecosystems provide. Stakeholder communities who depend on natural resources need to identify the social processes which are underlying causes to unsuccessful natural resource management and thus environmental degradation. The study is primarily aimed at identifying and understanding the structural and functional properties of the stakeholder network in the Duiwenhoks River catchment in the Western Cape, South Africa. Through analyzing the social network properties the study identifies and describes the main stakeholders involved with natural resource management in the Duiwenhoks water catchment area. How the individual actors from the diverse stakeholder groups are connected through communication ties were assessed. Furthermore, issues and factors which limit the effectiveness of the social network were identified. The main factors include a lack of communication and collaboration between key local resource users and governance officials caused by conflicting perspectives regarding resource management and societal conflicts caused by asymmetries in power distribution favoring government institutions. The lack of collaboration between stakeholders was identified as a contributing factor that links to the resource degradation experienced in the catchment. Ultimately means of overcoming the limitations to effective social networking, in order to manage the challenges related to natural resource management were identified. Management recommendations include the development of bridging ties and collaboration between diverse stakeholders, whilst facilitating participatory processes aimed at participatory problem solving and adaptive co-management of natural resources. Government institutions were identified as being dominant stakeholders in the network and should be mobilized to perform a stronger bridging role to connect disconnected actors. The findings of the study may inform future efforts of researchers and facilitators to implement strategies which promote social networking, social learning and ultimately adaptive co-management in the study area or other similar social-ecological systems. Ultimately, collaboration can be achieved between the diverse stakeholders to successfully improve ecosystem management and resilience in the Duiwenhoks water catchment.
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Helmle, Samuel F. "Water conservation planning : developing a strategic plan for socially acceptable demand control programs /." View online, 2005. http://ecommons.txstate.edu/arp/2/.
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Bekchanov, Maksud [Verfasser]. "Efficient Water Allocation and Water Conservation Policy Modeling in The Aral Sea Basin / Maksud Bekchanov." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1053467311/34.
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Friedman, Kenneth Ross. "Evaluation of indoor urban water use and water loss management as conservation options in Florida." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0025094.
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Springer, Adam C. "Creating Water Conscious Communities: An Examination of Household Water Conservation in a Decade of Drought." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/205213.
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Water security is becoming an increasing concern for communities in the southwestern United States. Projected decreases in water availability due to climate change combined with increased demands from a rapidly growing population have many concerned about the sustainability of the water supply in coming years. As water availability becomes an increasing concern, greater efficiencies must be made to increase the resilience of the water supply system. This dissertation analyzes the efforts of Tucson, Arizona households to conserve water during the hottest and driest decade in the city's recorded history, between 2000 and 2009. This study utilizes survey data to statistically examine the motivations for household adoption of five conservation methods: rainwater harvesting systems, graywater systems, xeriscaping, high-efficiency devices and volunteerism for public water conservation projects. Following the statistical analysis, interviews were conducted with participants to provide further context for analyzing the results. This mixed method approach reveals that drought alone did little to directly encourage household water conservation over the decade. However, public water conservation initiatives that were launched during the decade made a significant contribution to increasing household water conservation. Households consistently cited a desire for more information about the implications of the current drought status as well as additional information about their individual household's water use.
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Poulton, Delwynn V. "Water conservation in Brisbane's residential landscapes : towards the optimisation of water in front garden design." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/13614/1/13614.pdf.
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One of the most critical issues that the world faces as it enters the new millennium is the provision of a continued supply of fresh water – the source of all life. The depletion problem of this resource through uneducated use is world-wide as well as being specific to Australia. This study centres on this issue in the Australian context with particular reference to gardening practices in Brisbane, the capital city of Queensland. The study examines methods by which fresh water can be saved through innovative garden design options. The cultural philosophies which underpin Brisbane’s suburban residential front gardens were investigated through an examination of literature, painting, and letters of the early settlement days in Australia and, in particular in Queensland. The findings were used to establish the theoretical framework for a qualitative study of seventy two Brisbane gardeners and their gardens. These gardens were selected from sites in a corridor of seven suburbs occupying a south-east segment of the city. The corridor included these components – an outward historical growth pattern, a range of socio-economic and cultural issues, varying soil types, topographical forms and a variety of residential forms and styles with a range of compass frontages. Each selected gardener was encouraged to ‘talk’ about the garden and its design and ‘making’ and the comments were analysed in the light of the author’s theoretical investigations. The results of this investigation provided an understanding of current gardening practices which also involve the use of 50-60 per cent of Brisbane’s domestic water on the garden. The findings suggest that Brisbane’s, and indeed, Australian gardens are based on philosophical notions that have Eurocentric foundations. Alternative and innovative water saving practices were explored and these techniques were modified to suit the design and construction of Brisbane gardens, whilst still satisfying the cultural values behind existing garden practices. The conclusions suggest that if gardeners are to be convinced about adopting water saving techniques, future garden designs must meet existing norms in terms of form and function as well as being able to conserve water.
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Wagner-Gamble, Kathrin Ulrike. "A review of the need for a freshwater conservation programme in Hong Kong." Thesis, View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B34737613.
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Hellin, Jonathan. "Soil and water conservation in Honduras : a land husbandry approach." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325265.
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Cheslek, Heather A. (Heather Année) 1976. "Water reuse and conservation in the United States Virgin Islands." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29322.
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Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 80-84).
An assessment of the current water conservation and reuse practices in the United States Virgin Islands was undertaken by administering surveys to Territory Permit Discharge Elimination System permit holders and performing interviews. Currently, many resorts and condominiums in the US Virgin Islands (USVI) reclaim wastewater in response to water scarcity for such things as irrigation and toilet flushing, but few practice water conservation. Unfortunately, the municipal wastewater treatment plants do not practice any form of reuse. Because of the need for reuse and conservation planning in the community, eight reuse alternatives were developed for the two large municipal wastewater treatment plants on St. Thomas and St. Croix. Those reuse alternatives include: (1) residential irrigation on St. Thomas, (2) habitat restoration utilizing wetlands on St. Thomas, (3) community-wide conservation and habitat restoration on St. Thomas, (4) airport irrigation on St. Croix, (5) commercial irrigation and industrial process/cooling water on St. Croix, (6) agricultural irrigation on St. Croix, (7) habitat restoration utilizing wetlands on St. Croix, and (8) community-wide conservation and habitat restoration on St. Croix. Out of these eight alternatives, habitat restoration on both St. Thomas and St. Croix, community-wide conservation and habitat restoration on both St. Thomas and St. Croix, and agricultural irrigation on St. Croix are the most economical based on the normalized cost per gallon of reclaimed and conserved water. However, agricultural irrigation on St. Croix and community-wide conservation and habitat restoration on both St. Thomas and St. Croix provide the most benefits to the community. Agricultural irrigation provides farmers a low-cost option to meet water demand and production requirements. Community-wide conservation and habitat restoration alternatives provide an educational environment and promote conservation practices thus reducing water consumption, water cost, and wastewater production. From the assessment it is apparent that promoting conservation and reclaiming wastewater effluent results in a reduction of effluent discharged to the ocean, conservation of fresh-water sources, reduction of energy and pollution due to lower production needed by USVI Water and Power Authority (WAPA), and avoidance or delay in USVI WAPA expansion to meet non-potable water needs. Before undertaking design of a reuse project incorporation of public information and participation, public health impact identification, and local and federal government participation is crucial to project success.
by Heather A. Cheslek.
M.Eng.