Relevant bibliographies by topics / WATER CHARACTERISTIC

Academic literature on the topic 'WATER CHARACTERISTIC'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "WATER CHARACTERISTIC"

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Haddadin, Munther J. "Water characteristic curves and water status indicator." Water International 33, no. 4 (December 5, 2008): 406–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508060802542099.

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Lv, Mengfan, Yonghui Li, and Yuancheng Guo. "Water Retention Characteristics and Soil-Water Characteristic Curve Model of Weak Expansive Soil." Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering 58, no. 2 (May 2021): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11204-021-09716-0.

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Tahasildar, Janardhan, and B. Hanumantha Rao. "Determination of Swelling Characteristics Using Soil Water Characteristic Curve Parameter." Indian Geotechnical Journal 46, no. 3 (August 11, 2016): 319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40098-016-0199-1.

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Zhao, Chun Sen, Qing Lin Ren, and Pei Jing Li. "Low Permeability Reservoir Water Displacing Oil and Water Flooding Characteristic Curve Theory." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 4701–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.4701.

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The so-called water flooding characteristic curve refers to the oilfield water injection (or natural water drive) development process, a relationship between curve cumulative oil production, cumulative water production and accumulation of fluid production. These curves have been widely used for water injection development of dynamic and recoverable reserves forecast. After many years of practical application, summed up the four kinds of water drive characteristic curve, they have a good practical significance. Recoverable reserves are important indicators of field development is the main basis for planning and design, the application of waterflooding characteristic curve can be predicted oil recoverable reserves. Four water flooding characteristics discussed above curve is mainly applied in high-permeability oil field, which did not consider starting pressure, but should consider the impact of low permeability oilfield actuating pressure gradient on the moisture content.
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Wang, Yumin, Guangcan Zhu, and Zhonglian Yang. "Analysis of water quality characteristic for water distribution systems." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 9, no. 2 (December 26, 2018): 152–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2018.045.

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Abstract Since governments all over the world are paying more attention to water quality in water distribution systems (WDS), a method based on mass balance and first-order chlorine decay model was proposed to assess the efficiency of WDS involving water quality (represented by residual chlorine). The concepts of surplus chlorine factor (S) for nodes in individual pipes and comprehensive surplus chlorine factor (CS) for nodes in WDS were put forward to represent the water quality characteristic of nodes in WDS based on the assumption that the structure of the pipe network and quantity of chlorine dose are definite. The proposed method was applied to two examples of WDS and sensitivity analysis regarding chlorine decay coefficient (k0) was discussed. The results indicated that values of CS for nodes in WDS are affected by the inflow of nodes, which is determined by water demand and pipe length from water sources to nodes. In addition, the value of CS increases with k0 when the inflow of the node is larger than the optimized inflow. The results verified that the deduction of S for a single pipe can be generalized to WDS, and can measure the water quality characteristics for nodes in WDS easily.
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Jeon, Kyung Han, Seung Rae Lee, and Yun Tae Kim. "Probabilistic characteristics Soil-Water Characteristic Curve of Unsaturated Weathered Granite Soil." Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 12, no. 3 (June 30, 2012): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2012.12.3.133.

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Sedláčková, P., M. Čeřovský, I. Horsáková, and M. Voldřich. "Cell surface characteristic of Asaia bogorensis – spoilage microorganism of bottled water." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 29, No. 4 (August 10, 2011): 457–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/96/2011-cjfs.

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The ability of bacteria to attach to a surface and develop a biofilm has been of considerable interest for many groups in the food industry. Biofilms may serve as a chronic source of microbial contamination and the research into biofilms and cells interactions might help to improve general understanding of the biofilm resistance mechanisms. Multitude of factors, including surface conditioning, surface charge and roughness and hydrophobicity, are thought to be involved in the initial attachment. Hydrophobic interactions have been widely suggested as responsible for much of the adherence of cells to surfaces. Cell-surface hydrophobicity is an important factor in the adherence and subsequent proliferation of microorganisms on solid surfaces and at interfaces. In the present study, we have estimated the cell-surface characteristics of Asaia bogorensis – isolated contamination of flavoured bottled water and compared its ability to colonise surfaces which are typical in the beverage production – stainless steel, glass and plastic materials.
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Lohrasbi, A. R., and R. Attarnejad. "Water Hammer Analysis by Characteristic Method." American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 1, no. 4 (April 1, 2008): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2008.287.294.

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Suits, L. D., T. C. Sheahan, H. Rahardjo, K. Vilayvong, and E. C. Leong. "Water Characteristic Curves of Recycled Materials." Geotechnical Testing Journal 34, no. 1 (2011): 103177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/gtj103177.

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Tripathy, Snehasis, Mohd Yuhyi M. Tadza, and Hywel Rhys Thomas. "Soil-water characteristic curves of clays." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 51, no. 8 (August 2014): 869–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2013-0089.

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The drying suction – water content soil-water characteristic curves (SWCCs) of three clays (MX80 bentonite, yellow bentonite, and Speswhite kaolin) were experimentally determined using axis-translation, vapour equilibrium, and osmotic techniques. The shrinkage paths of the clays were established from Clod tests. The suction – water content SWCCs in conjunction with the Clod test results enabled establishing the suction – degree of saturation SWCCs and further determination of the air-entry values (AEVs) of the clays. Chemical analyses of the polyethylene glycol (PEG) solutions in the osmotic tests revealed an imbalance of the osmotic suctions between the expelled and the retained salts on either side of semi-permeable membranes. A decrease in the water content due to an applied suction for clays with significant osmotic efficiencies was explained by two mechanisms. In mechanism 1, the water content decrease prior to the air entry is controlled by the interparticle repulsive pressure, and in mechanism 2, a decrease in the degree of saturation following the air entry is primarily due to the matric suction. The agreements between the AEVs of the clays determined based on the osmotic suctions corresponding to various applied suctions and that determined from the suction – degree of saturation SWCCs were found to be very good.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "WATER CHARACTERISTIC"

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Bacaksız, Fatih Atagündüz Gürbüz. "Evaluations of Porous Burner Characteristic Diagrams and Process Water Production Possibilities/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2002. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/enerjimuh/T000152.rar.

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周國榮 and Kwok-wing Chau. "Computation of tidal hydraulics and water quality using the Characteristic Galerkin method." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3121213X.

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Chau, Kwok-wing. "Computation of tidal hydraulics and water quality using the Characteristic Galerkin method /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19738286.

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Mohd, Tadza Mohd Yuhyi. "Soil-water characteristic curves and shrinkage behaviour of highly plastic clays : an experimental investigation." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2011. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55093/.

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This thesis experimentally investigated the changes in the water content and the void ratio of initially slurried highly plastic clays under zero applied stress during the drying process, changes in the water content of compacted unsaturated clay specimens during the wetting process under zero applied stress for laterally confined and free swelling conditions, and the wetting behaviour of heavily compacted bentonite specimens under confined condition. In total three clays were used, namely MX80 bentonite, Yellow bentonite, and Speswhite kaolin. Several laboratory techniques, namely centrifuge, axis-translation, vapour equilibrium, osmotic and chilled-mirror dew-point techniques were used to establish the suction-water content soil-water characteristic curves (SWCCs). The shrinkage paths of the clays were established from Clod tests and wax method. The suction-water content SWCCs in conjunction with the Clod test results enabled establishing the suction-degree of saturation SWCCs and determination of the air-entry values (AEVs). The AEVs of the clays were also determined based on the chemical analyses of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) solutions and the applied suctions in the osmotic tests. Degradation of PEG molecules and semipermeable membranes were studied using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), respectively. Isochoric (constant volume) swelling pressure tests were carried out on compacted bentonite specimens using deionised water. Additionally, a newly developed suction controlled oedometer was used to study the swelling pressure and the water uptake capacities of heavily compacted bentonites under confined conditions. Microstructural changes of compacted bentonites were studied using Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope. X-Ray Diffraction technique was used to monitor the changes in the c-axis spacing of clay specimens equilibrated at several applied suctions. Applications of the Gouy-Chapman diffuse double layer theory and the van der Waals attractive pressure theory in predicting the drying and wetting suction- water content SWCCs were explored. One-dimensional wetting model (Richard's equation) was used to evaluate the elapsed time versus water content relationships for the clays. Chemical analyses of PEG solutions after the osmotic tests showed a clear lack of equalisation of the osmotic suctions due to the expelled and the retained salts on either side of semipermeable membranes. A majority of the salts were found to be retained within the clays during the osmotic tests. The AEVs of the clays determined based on the suction-degree of saturation SWCCs and that from the total suction equilibrium in the osmotic tests were found to be similar. The FTIR studies did not indicate any degradation of PEG molecules. The AFM studies of membranes revealed alterations of the pore-size during the tests that possibly lead to an intrusion of PEG into the bentonite specimens. Both qualitative and in some cases quantitative agreements were noted between the experimental suction-water content SWCCs and those predicted from the physico-chemical theories.
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AHMED, AATIF. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON WETTING SOIL WATER CHARACTERISTIC CURVE OF SAND WITH MIXTURE OF BENTONITE CLAY." Thesis, DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, 2021. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/18888.

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Soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) also known as water retention curve is an integral part of unsaturated soil mechanics. SWCC is a constitutive relation in unsaturated soil mechanics where soil suction is related to water content. Wetting SWCCs were determined for different sand-bentonite clay mixtures. With the help of the Van-Genuchten equation, acquired test data were fitted. Wetting SWCC can be related to flow of water through unsaturated zones of soil from the groundwater table to the ground surface. Negative column test was employed to determine SWCC since it is fairly simple and simulates the actual field conditions. In the present paper, different soil samples, where sand is mixed with varying proportions of bentonite clay are considered, for determining wetting SWCC. Finer the soil particle, higher will be the soil suction for a given water content. Hence, as the content of clay increases, SWCC slightly shifts towards the right, indicating the increment in soil suction. In turn, water entry value(WEV) also shoots up.
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van, Quang Pham. "Soil formation and soil moisture dynamics in agriculture fields in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam conceptual and numerical models." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Land and Water Resources Engineering, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-10508.

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Previous studies of agricultural conditions in the Mekong Delta (MD) have identified soil compaction as an obstacle to sustainable production. A conceptual model for soil formation was presented to demonstrate the link between soil hydrology and plant response. Detailed studies of soil moisture dynamics in agricultural fields were conducted using a dynamic process-orientated model. Pressure head and water flow were simulated for three selected sites during a year for which empirical data were available. Daily meteorological data were used as dynamic input and measured pressure head was used to estimate parameter values that satisfied various acceptance criteria. The Generalised Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) approach was applied for calibration procedures with 10,000 runs, each run using random values within the chosen range of parameter values. To evaluate model performance and uncertainty estimation, re-sampling was carried out using coefficient of determination (R2) and mean error (ME) as the criteria. Correlations between parameters and R2 (and ME) and among parameters were also considered to analyse the relationship of the selected parameter set in response to increases/decreases in the acceptable simulations. The method was successful for two of the three sites, with many accepted simulations. For these sites, the uncertainty was reduced and it was possible to quantify the importance of the different parameters.

 

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Cuceoglu, Faik. "An Experimental Study on Soil Water Characteristics and Hydraulic Conductivity of Compacted Soils." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73673.

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The importance of applying unsaturated soil mechanics concepts to geotechnical engineering design has been widely recognized. Soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) and hydraulic conductivity function (HCF) are vital soil properties that govern engineering behavior of unsaturated soils. In this study, a transient water release and imbibitions method (TRIM) is used to measure the SWCC and HCF under drying and wetting states, which accommodates integrated experimental and modeling techniques. The results of saturated hydraulic conductivity tests through flexible wall method are then used as input parameters for simulating experimental data. In general, the model provides a satisfactory fit to experimental data. Soil water characteristic curves (SWCCs) and hydraulic conductivity functions (HCFs) are presented for a variety of soils that were prepared at different molding water contents and compactive efforts. The influences of dry density, molding water content, and hysteresis have been investigated. Dry density affects soil-water characteristic in terms of its air-entry value (AEV), rate of drying, and size of the hysteresis loop. The test results indicate that the SWCC and HCF obtained in terms of volumetric water content is more sensitive to the changes in dry density than molding water content. Based on cohesive soil results, some statistical relations are proposed to estimate wetting-path SWCC and HCF parameters from more easily measured drying curves. Changes in the van Genuchten's fitting parameters and residual volumetric water content are investigated for both drying and wetting conditions, with changes in the kaolin clay content.
Master of Science
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Kaewsaiha, Ploysai. "Characteristic properties of strongly ionic amphiphilic diblock copolymers and their self-assembly at the air/water interface." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/136245.

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Rogers, Maile Anne. "Water Vapor Movement in Freezing Aggregate Base Materials." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4013.

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The objectives of this research were to 1) measure the extent to which water vapor movement results in water accumulation in freezing base materials; 2) evaluate the effect of soil stabilization on water vapor movement in freezing base materials; 3) determine if the corresponding changes in water content are sufficient to cause frost heave during winter; 4) determine if the corresponding changes in water content are sufficient to cause reductions in stiffness during spring; 5) evaluate relationships between selected material properties, freezing conditions, and the occurrence and impact of water vapor movement; and 6) numerically simulate heat and water movement in selected pavement design scenarios. The research involved extensive laboratory and field testing, statistical analyses, and numerical modeling. The results of the laboratory testing, which included gradations, Atterberg limits, soil classifications, specific gravity and absorption values, electrical conductivity values, moisture-density relationships, soil-water characteristic curves, moisture-stiffness curves, hydraulic conductivity values, and frost susceptibility assessments, were used to characterize each material and enable subsequent statistical analyses. Testing of both treated and untreated materials enabled investigation of a wide variety of material properties. The results of the field testing, which included temperature, moisture content, water potential, elevation, and stiffness data over time, provided the basis for comparing pavement sections with and without capillary barriers and established the framework for numerical modeling. In a pavement section with a capillary barrier underlying the base layer, water vapor movement from the subgrade through the capillary barrier may be expected to increase the water content of the base layer by 1 to 3 percent during a typical winter season in northern Utah for base materials similar to those studied in this research. During winter, cold temperatures create an ideal environment for water vapor to travel upward from the warm subgrade soil below the frost line, through the capillary barrier, and into the base material. Soil stabilization can lead to increased or decreased amounts of water vapor movement in freezing base materials depending on the properties of the stabilized soil, which may be affected by gradation, mineralogy, and stabilizer type and concentration. Accumulation of water from long-term water vapor movement into frost-susceptible base materials underlain by a capillary barrier can lead to frost heave of the base layer as it approaches saturation, as water available in the layer can be redistributed upwards to create ice lenses upon freezing. However, the incremental increase in total water content that may occur exclusively from water vapor movement during a single winter season in northern Utah would not be expected to cause measurable increases in thaw weakening of the base layer during spring. Because water in a base layer overlying a capillary barrier cannot drain until nearly reaching positive pore pressures, the base layer will remain indefinitely saturated or nearly saturated as demonstrated in this research. For materials similar to those studied in this research, potentially important material properties related to the occurrence of water vapor movement during freezing include dry density, percent of material finer than the No. 200 sieve, percent of material finer than 0.02 mm, apparent specific gravity, absorption, initial water content, porosity, degree of saturation, hydraulic conductivity, and electrical conductivity. The rate at which water vapor movement occurs is also dependent on the thermal gradient within the given material, where higher thermal gradients are associated with higher amounts of water vapor movement. The numerical modeling supported the field observations that the capillary barrier effectively trapped moisture in the overlying base material, causing it to remain saturated or nearly saturated throughout the monitoring period. Only non-frost-susceptible aggregate base materials should be specified for use in cold climates in conjunction with capillary barriers, and the base material in this case should be assumed to remain in a saturated or nearly saturated condition during the entire service life of the pavement. Further study is recommended on water vapor movement in freezing aggregate base materials.
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Khoza, Samukelisiwe Nozipho Purity. "Characteristic behaviour of pebble bed high temperature gas-cooled reactors during water ingress events / Samukelisiwe Nozipho Purity Khoza." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8706.

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The effect of water ingress in two pebble bed high temperature gas-cooled reactors i.e. the PBMR-200 MWthermal and the PBMR-400 MWthermal were simulated and compared using the VSOP 99/05 suite of codes. To investigate the effect of this event on reactivity, power profiles and thermal neutron flux profiles, the addition of partial steam vapour pressures in stages up to 400 bar into the primary circuit for the PBMR-400 and up to 300 bar for the PBMR- 200 was simulated for both reactors. During the simulation, three scenarios were simulated, i.e. water ingress into the core only, water ingress into the reflectors only and water ingress into both the core and reflectors. The induced reactivity change effects were compared for these reactors. An in-depth analysis was also carried out to study the mechanisms that drive the reactivity changes for each reactor caused by water ingress into the fuel core only, the riser tubes in the reflectors only and ingress into both the fuel core and the riser tubes in the reflectors. The knowledge gained of these mechanisms and effects was used in order to propose design changes aimed at mitigating the reactivity increases, caused by realistic water ingress scenarios. Past results from simulations of water ingress into Pebble Bed Reactors were used to validate and verify the present simulation approach and results. The reactivity increase results for both reactors were in agreement with the German HTR-Modul calculations.
Thesis (MSc (Engineering Sciences in Nuclear Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013
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Books on the topic "WATER CHARACTERISTIC"

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Mueller, G. E. Thermal-hydraulic and characteristic models for packed debris beds. Washington, D.C: U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1986.

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D, Schroeder Edward, ed. Water quality: Characteristics, modeling, modification. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley, 1985.

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Spirin, Yuriy, Sergey Zotov, Evgeniy Krasnov, and Nadezhda Cvetkova. Polder watercourses: research methods and geoecological assessment. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1903343.

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The monograph describes research methods and geoecological assessment of polder lands. The history of research and practical use of surface waters of the Kaliningrad region is characterized, modern problems of their geoecological state are revealed. The characteristic of polder lands as complex natural and economic systems is given, the necessity of geoecological studies of the catchments of small rivers located on them is substantiated. A methodological approach has been developed to assess the geoecological condition of the basins of small watercourses through the combined analysis of hydrological, hydrochemical and geoecological data. Hydrological calculations of the key characteristics of the river flow of small watercourses of polder lands were carried out, the dependencies between them were revealed. Field studies were carried out, hydrochemical data sets were obtained on the rivers of polder lands for four hydrological seasons of 2020-2021. Retrospective hydrochemical information has been processed. The prevailing pollutants, integral indicators of water quality and the main sources of pollution are calculated. Based on the results obtained, a scheme of spatial distribution of pollution of the river network of polder lands is constructed. The geoecological condition of the basins is assessed on the basis of a complex of natural and anthropogenic data; based on the result obtained, recommendations for its improvement are given. It is of interest to specialists in the field of geoecology, hydrology, hydrochemistry, environmental management and environmental protection.
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Kudret, Ertuð, and Mirza Ilker, eds. Water quality: Physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Kudret, Ertuð, and Mirza Ilker, eds. Water quality: Physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Ertuð, Kudret. Water quality: Physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2010.

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Dyar, T. R. Stream-temperature characteristics in Georgia. Atlanta, Ga: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997.

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Dyar, T. R. Stream-temperature characteristics in Georgia. Atlanta, Ga: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997.

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Dyar, T. R. Stream-temperature characteristics in Georgia. Atlanta, Ga: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997.

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Dyar, T. R. Stream-temperature characteristics in Georgia. Atlanta, Ga: U.S. Geological Survey, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "WATER CHARACTERISTIC"

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Leong, Eng-Choon, and Martin Wijaya. "Soil-water characteristic curve." In Laboratory Tests for Unsaturated Soils, 161–93. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22304-10.

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Agus, S. S., E. C. Leong, and H. Rahardjo. "Soil—water characteristic curves of Singapore residual soils." In Unsaturated Soil Concepts and Their Application in Geotechnical Practice, 285–309. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9775-3_4.

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Bello, Nura, Alfrendo Satyanaga, Gerarldo Davin Aventian, Sung-Woo Moon, and Jong Kim. "Mathematical equations for modelling soil-water characteristic curve." In Smart Geotechnics for Smart Societies, 2378–84. London: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003299127-367.

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Chen, Xi, Wei-na Jiang, Zuo-qian Wang, Li-chun Fang, and Bao-lei Liu. "A Study on Water-Flooding Characteristic Curves for High-Water-Cut Reservoirs." In Proceedings of the International Field Exploration and Development Conference 2021, 852–60. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2149-0_75.

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Isphording, Wayne C. "Comparison of the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) with bioavailability determined by selective stripping, ion site partitioning analysis." In Water-Rock Interaction, 879–83. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203734049-219.

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Mabrouki, Ibrahim, Zied Driss, and Mohamed Salah Abid. "Characteristic of Savonius Vertical Axis Rotor in Water Channel." In Exergy for A Better Environment and Improved Sustainability 1, 411–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62572-0_29.

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Abhijit, D., and S. Sreedeep. "Investigation of Bentonite Qualities on Water Retention Characteristic Curve." In Novel Issues on Unsaturated Soil Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 1–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01935-8_1.

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Sillers, W. Scott, Delwyn G. Fredlund, and Noshin Zakerzadeh. "Mathematical attributes of some soil—water characteristic curve models." In Unsaturated Soil Concepts and Their Application in Geotechnical Practice, 243–83. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9775-3_3.

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Kamarudin, Siti Hasnah, Mohd Nurazzi Norizan, Fatirah Fadil, Syaiful Osman, and So’bah Ahmad. "Water Absorption and Thickness Swelling Characteristic of the Bionanocomposites." In Composites Science and Technology, 159–80. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8578-1_9.

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Pernebekova, Gulnur, Alfrendo Satyanaga, Rezat Abishev, Sung-Woo Moon, and Jong Kim. "Water characteristic curve and permeability function of steel slag." In Smart Geotechnics for Smart Societies, 523–27. London: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003299127-64.

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Conference papers on the topic "WATER CHARACTERISTIC"

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Zapata, Claudia E., William N. Houston, Sandra L. Houston, and Kenneth D. Walsh. "Soil–Water Characteristic Curve Variability." In Geo-Denver 2000. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40510(287)7.

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Guo, Xinyi, Li Ma, Jeffrey Simmen, Ellen S. Livingston, Ji-Xun Zhou, and Feng-Hua Li. "Study on Geoacoustics Interface Wave Scattering Characteristic." In SHALLOW-WATER ACOUSTICS: Proceedings of the Second International Shallow-Water Acoustics Conference (SWAC’09). AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3493078.

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Mori, Yuki. "Carbonization of bamboo by dry steam and the adsorption characteristic of the product." In WATER DYANMICS: 3rd International Workshop on Water Dynamics. AIP, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2207071.

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Li, Z., N. Yamasaki, and K. Ioku. "Effect of Dry Steam on Nature and Quality of Selected Characteristic Organic Chemicals." In WATER DYANMICS: 4th International Workshop on Water Dynamics. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2721281.

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Nishimura, T., Y. Murasawa, and T. Okami. "Estimating Air-Water Hydraulic Conductivity Using Soil-Water Characteristic Curve." In Fourth International Conference on Unsaturated Soils. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40802(189)133.

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Zou, L., and E. C. Leong. "Soils with Bimodal Soil-Water Characteristic Curve." In Second Pan-American Conference on Unsaturated Soils. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481684.006.

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Pieterse-Quirijns, E. J., E. J. M. Blokker, J. H. G. Vreeburg, and E. v.d. Blom. "Modelling Characteristic Values for Non-Residential Water Demand." In 12th Annual Conference on Water Distribution Systems Analysis (WDSA). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41203(425)111.

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Miao, Linchang, Fei Jing, and Sandra L. Houston. "Soil-Water Characteristic Curve of Remolded Expansive Soils." In Fourth International Conference on Unsaturated Soils. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40802(189)80.

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Hantush, Mohamed M., and Miguel A. Mariño. "A Characteristic Solution to Nitrate Transport and Fate in Ground Water in Agricultural Watersheds." In Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)397.

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Mi, L., H. Jiang, Y. Pei, J. Li, J. Tian, Y. Xin, B. Yan, and J. E. Killough. "Microscopic Oil and Water Percolation Characteristic Investigation of Water Flood Reservoir in Ultrahigh Water Cut Period." In SPE Trinidad and Tobago Section Energy Resources Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/180864-ms.

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Reports on the topic "WATER CHARACTERISTIC"

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Ellithy, Ghada. Spreadsheet for estimating soil water characteristic curves (SWCC). Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory (U.S.), June 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/22582.

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Glass, Samuel V., Samuel L. Zelinka, Charles R. Boardman, and Emil Engelund Thybring. Promoting advances in understanding water vapor sorption in wood: relegating popular models and misconceptions. Department of the Built Environment, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/aau541615744.

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Water vapor sorption is a fundamental characteristic of wood as a building material. Apart from empirical prediction, models are often used to interpret the time-dependent process of water vapor uptake (sorption kinetics) and equilibrium states of water in wood (sorption isotherms). This paper summarizes our recent investigations into measurement methods and popular models that are widely used for interpreting these physical phenomena. Commonly used criteria for determining equilibrium moisture content with the dynamic vapor sorption technique yield much larger errors than previously thought. A more rigorous equilibrium criterion and a method to reduce data acquisition time are proposed. Evaluation of the parallel exponential kinetics model with improved data and multi-exponential decay analysis indicates that this model is unable to characterize the full sorption kinetic response following a step change in relative humidity. Fitting of common sorption isotherm models to high-quality equilibrium data for wood gives model predicted physical quantities such as monolayer capacity and enthalpy of sorption that are far from agreement with independently measured data. Thus, these models are not valid for water vapor sorption in wood. New theoretical models are needed that correctly describe the physical phenomena.
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Hackbarth, Carolyn, and Rebeca Weissinger. Water quality in the Northern Colorado Plateau Network: Water years 2016–2018 (revised with cost estimate). National Park Service, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2279508.

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Water-quality monitoring in National Park Service units of the Northern Colorado Plateau Network (NCPN) is made possible through partnerships between the National Park Service Inventory & Monitoring Division, individual park units, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Utah Division of Water Quality. This report evaluates data from site visits at 62 different locations on streams, rivers, and reservoirs in or near ten NCPN park units between October 1, 2015 and September 30, 2018. Data are compared to state water-quality standards for the purpose of providing information to park managers about potential water-quality problems. The National Park Service does not determine the regulatory status of surface waters; state water quality agencies determine whether waters comply with the Clean Water Act. Evaluation of water-quality parameters relative to state water-quality standards indicated that 17,997 (96.8%) of the 18,583 total designated beneficial-use evaluations completed for the period covered in this report met state water-quality standards. The most common exceedances or indications of impairment, in order of abundance, were due to elevated nutrients, elevated bacteria (E. coli), elevated water temperature, elevated trace metals, elevated total dissolved solids (and sulfate), elevated pH, and low dissolved oxygen. While some exceedances were recurring and may have been caused by human activities in the watersheds, many were due to naturally occurring conditions characteristic of the geographic setting. This is most apparent with phosphorus, which can be introduced into surface water bodies at elevated levels by natural weathering of the geologic strata found throughout the Colorado Plateau. Higher phosphorus concentrations could also be attributed to anthropogenic activities that can accelerate erosion and transport of phosphorus. Some activities that can increase erosional processes include grazing, logging, mining, pasture irrigation, and off-highway vehicle (OHV) use. Exceedances for total phosphorus were common occurrences at nine out of ten NCPN park units, where at least one site in each of these parks had elevated phosphorus concentrations. At these sites, high levels of nutrients have not led to algal blooms or other signs of eutrophication. Sites monitored in Arches National Park (NP), Black Canyon of the Gunnison NP (BLCA), Bryce Canyon NP (BRCA), Capitol Reef NP (CARE), Curecanti National Recreation Area (CURE), Dinosaur National Monument (DINO), and Zion NP (ZION) all had E. coli ex-ceedances that could be addressed by management actions. While many of these sites already have management actions underway, some of the actions necessary to bring these waters into compliance are beyond the control of the National Park Service. Changes to agricultural practices to improve water quality involves voluntary participation by landowners and/or grazing permittees and their respective states. This could be the case with lands upstream of several parks with E. coli contamination issues, including Red Rock Canyon (BLCA); Sul-phur, Oak, and Pleasant creeks (CARE); Blue Creek and Cimarron River (CURE); Brush and Pot creeks (DINO); and North Fork Virgin River (ZION). Issues with E. coli contamination at Yellow Creek (BRCA) seemed to be resolved after the park boundary fence downstream of the site was repaired, keeping cattle out of the park. At North Fork Virgin River, E. coli exceedances have been less frequent since the State of Utah worked with landowners and grazing permittees to modify agricultural practices. Continued coordination between the National Park Service, state agencies, and local landowners will be necessary to further re-duce E. coli exceedances and, in turn, improve public health and safety in these streams. Selenium concentrations in Red Rock Canyon (BLCA) continued to exceed the state aquat-ic-life standard at both the upstream and downstream sites. Although selenium weathers naturally from bedrock and...
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Meißner, Frank, Heike Sonntag, and Anita Morandell-Meißner. Water uptake measurement for thermal renovations – comparison between non-destructive method, the Karsten tube, and automatic laboratory measurements. Department of the Built Environment, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/aau541652209.

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The energy-efficient renovation of existing buildings requires precise knowledge of the wall structure. When using interior insulation systems, the driving rain resistance of the façade is also decisive for the function of the entire wall structure. When using interior insulation on exposed brick facades, the verification can often only be done with the help of a hygrothermal simulation. In practice, a non-destructive method, the Karsten tube or various modifications, is used to assess this essential characteristic value quickly. However, the measured values obtained from this method do not agree with the laboratory-measured values determined on a test specimen taken from the laboratory. This article presents measurements on bricks from several refurbishment projects to determine the cause. They were carried out both in the installed state with the in-situ method and subsequently after brick removal on the same materials under laboratory conditions to bring about comparability concerning the material. This article presents the automatic detection of water uptake of porous materials compared to the in-situ measurement with the Karsten tube. It evaluates the measurement results of both measurement methods.
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Tsybekmitova, G. Ts, L. D. Radnaeva, N. A. Tashlykova, V. G. Shiretorova, A. K. Tulokhonov, B. B. Bazarova, and M. O. Matveeva. THE EFFECT OF CLIMATIC SHIFTS ON BIODIVERSITY OF PHYTOCENOSIS: LAKE ARAKHLEY (EASTERN SIBERIA, RUSSIA). DOICODE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/0973-7308-2020-35-3-77-90.

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Lake Arakhley is located within the Lake Baikal basin in Eastern Siberia, Russia. The area is characterized by continental subarctic climate with considerate diurnal temperature range, long cold dry winters and short hot summers with more precipitation occurring during the latter half of the summer. Climatic shifts in high water years and low water years result in morphometric changes in the lake and in the chemical and physical parameters of the ecosystem. During low water years, concentrations of ammonium nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen are decreased, whereas nitrate concentration increases. High water years feature average concentrations of ammonium ions 1.5–2 times higher than the values of recent dry years. Redundancy analysis (RDA) of abiotic factors and biotic community indicated that the community structure shows the greatest correlation with physical and chemical parameters of water and biogenic elements (nitrites, ammonium, phosphates) along the first axis, and with the lake depth and transparency along the second axis. Changes in abiotic factors induce functioning and formation of characteristic communities of the primary producers in the trophic structure of the ecosystem. During low water years, with increased level of autochthonous organic matter, Lindavia comta dominance is observed, while during high water years, with increased allochthonous organic matter Asterionella formosa appeared as dominant. Currently, during low water years, the hydrophytes community is monodominant and composed of Ceratophyllum demersum. Meanwhile, such species indicating eutrophic conditions as Myriophyllum sibiricum, Potamogeton pectinatus are found in the lake vegetation.
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Caton, J. A., and K. D. Kihm. Coal-water slurry atomization characteristics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10136519.

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Brossia and Sridhar. L52103 Differentiation of Corrosion Mechanism by Morphological Feature Characterization - Experimental. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010952.

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Natural gas pipeline systems often contain liquid water and other corrosive agents such as salts, CO2, H2S, O2, and bacteria. The ability to differentiate between corrosion mechanisms is crucial, if corrosion control and mitigation schemes are to be effective. The present project was undertaken to determine whether pipeline steels develop characteristic morphological features that are diagnostic to distinguish between abiotic and biotic pitting corrosion. The present report describes the experimental approach taken to conduct the tests. A separate report (by Exponent Failure Analysis Associates, Menlo Park, CA) will describe the findings and implications of the research. The work conducted has led to the development of a unique test system that enables introduction of bacterial consortia under conditions simulating operational pipelines. The test system also promotes the growth of sessile over planktonic bacteria. A significant difficulty encountered in conducting the tests is ensuring truly abiotic conditions. Several different steps and procedures were attempted to sterilze the testing system, however, due to its complexity this still proved highly difficult. It is suggested that future abiotic tests either be conducted in a completely separate system or biocides introduced to kill any opportunistic bacteria that may be present or introduced into the system.
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D. Ambos. CALCULATION: PRECIPITATION CHARACTERISITICS FOR STORM WATER MANAGEMENT. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/886029.

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Pegau, W. S. Optical Characteristics of Southern California Waters. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada613933.

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Sparrow, Kent, Joseph Gutenson, Mark Wahl, and Kayla Cotterman. Evaluation of climatic and hydroclimatic resources to support the US Army Corps of Engineers Regulatory Program. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45484.

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Short-term climatic and hydrologic interactions, or hydroclimatology, are an important consideration when delineating the geographic extent of aquatic resources and assessing whether an aquatic resource is a jurisdictional water of the United States (WOTUS) and is therefore subject to the Clean Water Act (CWA). The now vacated 2020 Navigable Waters Protection Rule (NWPR) required the evaluation of precipitation and other hydroclimatic conditions to assess the jurisdictional status of an aquatic resource based on normal hydroclimatic conditions. Short-term hydroclimatic conditions, such as antecedent precipitation, evapotranspiration, wetland delineation, and streamflow duration assessments, provide information on an aquatic resource’s geo-graphic extent, hydrologic characteristics, and hydrologic connectivity with other aquatic resources. Here, researchers from the US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) evaluate tools and data available to practitioners for assessing short-term hydroclimatic conditions. The work highlights specific meteorological phenomena that are important to consider when assessing short-term hydroclimatic conditions that affect the geographic extent and hydrologic characteristics of an aquatic resource. The findings suggest that practitioners need access to data and tools that more holistically consider the impact of short-term antecedent hydroclimatology on the entire hydrologic cycle, rather than tools based solely on precipitation.
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