Journal articles: 'Water authorities'

1

SHEARER, D. M. "Performance Comparisons Between Water Authorities." Water and Environment Journal 2, no. 5 (October 1988): 500–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1988.tb01331.x.

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Rowntree, Norman. "Viewpoint - Britain's Government May Privatize Regional Water Authorities." Journal - American Water Works Association 78, no. 3 (March 1986): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1986.tb05706.x.

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Nadebaum, P., M. Chapman, S. Ortisi, and A. Baker. "Application of quality management systems for drinking water quality." Water Supply 3, no. 1-2 (March 1, 2003): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2003.0125.

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Over the past few years the water authorities in Australia have been applying the principles of quality management and risk management in their provision of drinking water of a safe and acceptable quality. These principles have been taken up by the regulatory authorities, and the Australian water industry is ensuring that drinking water guidelines, customer contracts, licences and auditing (both statutory and quality systems auditing), and appropriate quality management systems, are in place for drinking water quality management. A particular focus of this work has been the application of AS/NZS 4360 (Risk Management) and the principles of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points developed for the food industry. This paper discusses the important considerations in applying quality management systems to drinking water quality management within water authorities, and the key issues of how best to integrate these risk management systems with the business management systems of the water authority. A generally applicable model for drinking water quality management systems based on ISO 9002 and HACCP is described. The paper also discusses the process of how management systems already in place within a water authority can be assessed and improvements identified. The objective is that the management systems will be consistent with the authority’s existing business management systems, ISO 9001, the principles of HACCP and AS4360, and the expected requirements of the revised Australian Drinking Water Guidelines.

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Motelica-Wagenaar, Anne Marieke, Tim A. H. M. Pelsma, Laura Moria, and Sarian Kosten. "The potential impact of measures taken by water authorities on greenhouse gas emissions." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 382 (April 22, 2020): 635–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-382-635-2020.

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Abstract. Water authorities responsible for water quantity and water quality management may strongly influence the magnitude of greenhouse gas emissions from the surface waters and the adjacent peat areas within their territories. Climate smart water management (reducing influx of organic matter and improving water quality) is therefore a potentially strong mitigation tool. We hypothesize that climate smart water management has a stronger mitigation potential than reducing emissions from the operational management of a Water Authority. Based on literature data on greenhouse gas emissions from ditches and agricultural peatlands, we present a case study of a Dutch Water Authority – Amstel, Gooi and Vecht (operated by Waternet). We estimate that greenhouse gas emissions from the 195 km2 large peat area within its territory are 470 kt CO2-eq per year. An additional 231 kt CO2-eq yr−1 is emitted from the water bodies within the 102 km2 large water area territory. Both emissions are considerably higher than the estimated climate footprint of the operational management of the water board (∼62 kt CO2-eq per year in 2017). While Waternet strives to have a net zero emission of greenhouse gases related to its operational management by 2020, we postulate that measures (to be taken before 2030) such as the prevention of organic matter and nutrients entering surface waters, the removal of organic carbon from ditches and higher groundwater levels in agricultural peatlands, may reduce greenhouse gas emissions in ditches and agricultural peat meadows with 26 and 27 kt CO2-eq per year, respectively. Measures that are taken to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in water bodies are expected to have a positive impact on water quality as well.

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Burn, S., S. Tucker, M. Rahilly, P. Davis, R. Jarrett, and M. Po. "Asset planning for water reticulation systems - the PARMS model." Water Supply 3, no. 1-2 (March 1, 2003): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2003.0086.

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Traditionally water reticulation systems have been operated so that pipeline repair/renewal occurs on a reactive basis, based upon the number of failures, the consequence of failure and the cost. Planning for future replacements and the costs associated with these has been based upon a best guess of pipe lifetimes, which have generally been very conservative, when compared to the actual pipe life obtained. Factors such as the required level of customer service, trade-offs between repair and renewal, or operating practices such as pressure reduction or shut-off block reduction have not been widely considered, except when they are required under the water authorities operating licence. To allow long-term strategies to be implemented for the repair/renewal of water pipelines, a Pipeline Asset and Risk Management System (PARMS) is being developed. This planning model has been designed to allow a range of “what if” scenarios to be analysed to determine their effects on water authorities’ long-term costs. This model is based upon whole of life costing and includes data on externality and customer impact costs. It analyses the failures of individual pipe assets, rather than the traditional practice of predicting failure of pipe cohorts, currently used by many authorities. This paper discusses the application of the PARMS planning model to allow selection of pipeline repair/renewal, and briefly analyses the influences that a range of customer service or operating decisions can have on a water authority’s capital and operational expenditure.

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Duda, Alfred M. "Unified Management of Surface- and Ground-Water Quality Through Clean Water Act Authorities." Ground Water 27, no. 3 (May 1989): 351–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1989.tb00459.x.

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Thomson, K. W., and J. R. Powell. "CONSERVATION AUTHORITIES IN ASSOCIATION: THE ONTARIO EXPERIENCE." Canadian Water Resources Journal 17, no. 3 (January 1992): 270–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4296/cwrj1703270.

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Hammerton, D. "River Basin Management in Scotland." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 10-11 (October 1, 1989): 1501–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0347.

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The seven river purification boards, which cover the whole of mainland Scotland, are strictly single-purpose authorities whose function is to control pollution of inland and coastal waters. Unlike the water authorities in England and Wales they are not responsible for the management of water supplies, sewerage, sewage treatment, land drainage, flood prevention or fisheries. However, the author contends that it is this singleness of purpose and the complete independence of the boards from the polluters, whether local authorities or private industries, which has led in Scotland to better progress in the restoration of polluted waters than south of the border, progress which has been clearly demonstrated in recent government reports. Moreover, through close consultation at the planning stage with government departments, local authorities and other bodies, the river boards do have a significant influence on developments which affect the aquatic environment and hence are involved in the wider aspects of river basin management.

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Minkman, Ellen, Maarten van der Sanden, and Martine Rutten. "Practitioners' viewpoints on citizen science in water management: a case study in Dutch regional water resource management." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 21, no. 1 (January 9, 2017): 153–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-153-2017.

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Abstract. In recent years, governmental institutes have started to use citizen science as a form of public participation. The Dutch water authorities are among them. They face pressure on the water governance system and a water awareness gap among the general public, and consider citizen science a possible solution. The reasons for practitioners to engage in citizen science, and in particular those of government practitioners, have seldom been studied. This article aims to pinpoint the various viewpoints of practitioners at Dutch regional water authorities on citizen science. A Q-methodological approach was used because it allows for exploration of viewpoints and statistical analysis using a small sample size. Practitioners (33) at eight different water authorities ranked 46 statements from agree to disagree. Three viewpoints were identified with a total explained variance of 67 %. Viewpoint A considers citizen science a potential solution that can serve several purposes, thereby encouraging citizen participation in data collection and analysis. Viewpoint B considers citizen science a method for additional, illustrative data. Viewpoint C views citizen science primarily as a means of education. These viewpoints show water practitioners in the Netherlands are willing to embrace citizen science at water authorities, although there is no support for higher levels of citizen engagement.

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10

LITTLECHILD, STEPHEN. "ECONOMIC REGULATION OF PRIVATISED WATER AUTHORITIES AND SOME FURTHER REFLECTIONS." Oxford Review of Economic Policy 4, no. 2 (1988): 40–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/4.2.40.

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Nganyanyuka, Kapongola, Javier Martinez, Juma Lungo, and Yola Georgiadou. "If citizens protest, do water providers listen? Water woes in a Tanzanian town." Environment and Urbanization 30, no. 2 (February 19, 2018): 613–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956247817744942.

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Tanzania’s urban citizens are still insufficiently supplied with safe drinking water by their water utilities. However, instead of collectively clamouring for improvements, citizens channel their protests individually to water authorities. This paper aims to shed light on citizens’ protest strategies and the responses they elicit from the water authorities. It draws on extensive fieldwork carried out in a Tanzanian town, which revealed four protest strategies employed by citizens: “stay and speak up”, “speak up and leave”, “resignation” and “leave and remain silent.” The study reveals a substantial mismatch between citizens’ protest strategies and the formal/informal complaint mechanisms of the water authority. This has negative implications for underprivileged citizens and for broadly defined “access to water”.

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Pilusa, Kgoshi Kgashane Lucas, and Modimowabarwa Hendrick Kanyane. "Water Services Authorities Capacity in Providing Access to Water and Sanitation in Limpopo Province, South Africa." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 5, no. 6 (July 23, 2020): 1586–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20jun741.

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There has been an on-going debate regarding the effectiveness and capacity of Water Service Authorities in providing quality water service in South Africa to local citizens. As Limpopo province was preferred as a case study, it is evident that the province has been experiencing several violent water service delivery protests in different localities. The methodological approach employed was a qualitative approach reinforced by documentary review as a data source in qualitative research. Purposively, 46 participants were sampled and interviewed. In addition, document analysis of literatures and audit performance of Water Service Authorities in Limpopo province were exploited. The employed data regression investigation to scrutinize the data, containing the Auditor- General of South Africa’s (AGSA) amalgamated annual report for municipal for the fiscal years 2009/10 to 2015/16. It gave observable elements which were subjected to regression analysis. The findings show that quality of governance significantly affects the achievement of a clean audit at a significance value which translates into poor service delivery to citizens. In reviewing the existing documents, a better understanding was realised which assisted in formulating questions for interviews or develop an observation guide. The challenges confronting the water service authorities are not limited to inadequate administrative capacity to function and manage finances, lack of skilled technicians, service delivery backlogs; aging of water infrastructure and lack of infrastructure maintenance. These findings underscored a need for Water Service Authorities to assess continuously the level of contentment to their beneficiaries concerning the basic provision of water and sanitation services.

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Mitchell, Bruce, Dan Shrubsole, and Nigel Watson. "Ontario conservation authorities – end, evolve, interlude or epiphany?" Canadian Water Resources Journal / Revue canadienne des ressources hydriques 46, no. 3 (June 7, 2021): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07011784.2021.1930585.

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14

Grotenbreg, Sanne. "The U-Turn in Government Facilitation: How Dutch Water Authorities Facilitate Nongovernmental Initiatives." Public Works Management & Policy 24, no. 4 (February 4, 2019): 344–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087724x19827026.

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Public authorities in infrastructure, aiming to facilitate societal initiatives, explore new forms of collaboration with nongovernmental actors. A comparative case study of two Dutch initiatives is conducted: energy generation at a public dam and the realization of a nature reserve. It is analyzed how and why the authorities’ strategy regarding their nongovernmental partners changes over time. Authorities’ strategy change is modeled on two axes: governmental investments and governmental influence, and a differentiation is made between limited facilitation, invitational facilitation, partnering, and Design, Build, Finance, Maintain, and Operate. A U-turn-shaped pattern in authorities’ strategy is found: Authorities move from partnering to limited facilitation and subsequently revert to invitational facilitation. Institutional factors, process factors, and initiative characteristics are identified that explain the strategy changes. It is concluded that government facilitation is a dynamic, interactive process and that authorities adapt their strategy to the initiative at hand and are pragmatic in their approach.

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15

Shepherd, K. M., and A. P. Wyn-Jones. "Private water supplies and the local authority role: results of a UK national survey." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 11-12 (June 1, 1997): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0707.

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There are more than 100,000 private water supplies within the UK serving about a million people. The Private Water Regulations 1991 provide a framework for Local Authorities to monitor these supplies within their areas. Geographical distribution is variable with some Authorities responsible for large numbers of private sources. Sampling programmes are dependent on the abstraction volume or the number of consumers; some supplies may be monitored only annually or even less frequently. Seasonal variation of water quality may allow contaminated water to be consumed undetected by the Authority and may constitute a risk of illness to the consumer. This national survey of all the UK Local Authorities assesses the distribution, classification and quality of UK private water supplies. Incidence of sample non-compliance, complaints regarding water quality and suspected illness due to possible microbial contamination are addressed. The role of the Authorities in maintaining a safe potable water supply from private sources and the difficulties encountered in implementation of the Regulations are discussed.

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Canneva, G., and L. Guérin-Schneider. "National monitoring of water utility performance in France." Water Supply 11, no. 6 (December 1, 2011): 745–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2011.110.

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Performance assessment has recently been applied to water utilities in France. Performance indicators (PIs) were initially developed as an aid to the control of public service delegation by local authorities. After a long process, a group of PIs was integrated into mandatory annual reports on service quality and price, in order to better inform utility users and reinforce the regulation of the sector by local public authorities. As water utilities in France are highly fragmented, this development in isolation may have only limited effects. The additional comparison of performance is likely to improve service quality and efficiency and keep prices affordable. The French national agency for water (ONEMA) – created in 2006 – is in charge of building the monitoring system of water utility performance. This paper presents the objectives of this monitoring system, the methodology used to create it and its shortcomings. Due to the large number of utilities, the data collection process faces difficulties. Some conclusions are drawn on how to obtain stronger involvement of local authorities.

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Mitchell, Bruce, Charles Priddle, Dan Shrubsole, Barbara Veale, and Dan Walters. "Integrated water resource management: lessons from conservation authorities in Ontario, Canada." International Journal of Water Resources Development 30, no. 3 (February 5, 2014): 460–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2013.876328.

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Chatila, Jean G. "Water tariffs in Lebanon: a review and perspective." Water Policy 7, no. 2 (April 1, 2005): 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2005.0014.

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Lebanon is increasingly suffering from shortage and mismanagement of water, which is becoming a commodity of considerable value owing to the inadequacy of supply to meet the needs of potential users. Water authorities and establishments fix tariffs that users have to pay to obtain water. In fact, these tariffs should represent the total costs of providing good quality water in adequate quantities. However, currently domestic water tariffs in Lebanon are mostly flat and not enough to cover the salaries of the employees and the charges of minor maintenance works. Domestic water is sold at a nominal daily flow where rates are lower for smaller towns and increase proportionally. In addition, not all subscribers are actually paying their dues and the water authorities are unable to control and limit illegal connections. As for irrigation practices, water is generally priced at a flat rate or at rates that are associated with the area that the users are allowed to invest in. This paper describes the different aspects of the water tariff structures in Lebanon, provides a review of the current water tariffs available for the different sectors and presents recommendations and ideas for a new water tariff system in the newly formed water authorities.

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Buntaine, Mark T., Bing Zhang, and Patrick Hunnicutt. "Citizen monitoring of waterways decreases pollution in China by supporting government action and oversight." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 29 (July 12, 2021): e2015175118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2015175118.

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Water pollution is a persistent problem in China, in part, because local governments fail to implement water quality standards set by national and provincial authorities. These higher authorities often lack regular information about the immediate and long-term achievement of remediation targets. Accordingly, central authorities have encouraged nongovernmental organizations to monitor local governments’ remediation efforts. This study examines whether nongovernmental monitoring of urban waterways improves water quality by facilitating oversight of local governments or instigating public action for remediation. We randomly assigned urban waterways in Jiangsu province previously identified for remediation to be monitored by a partner nongovernmental organization for 15 mo. We further randomized whether the resulting information was disseminated to local and provincial governments, the public, or both. Disseminating results from monitoring to local and provincial governments improved water quality, but disseminating results to the public did not have detectable effects on water quality or residents’ pursuit of remediation through official and volunteer channels. Monitoring can improve resource management when it provides information that makes local resource managers accountable to higher authorities.

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Trowsdale, Sam, Kelly Boyle, and Tom Baker. "Politics, water management and infrastructure." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 378, no. 2168 (February 17, 2020): 20190208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0208.

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While modern water management has been central to the achievement of a range of beneficial social outcomes, it has increasingly drawn criticism for its disconnection from democratic decision-making, hindering efforts to develop more resilient systems. This paper examines how an experiment with more resilient water infrastructure politicized centralized water management focusing, in particular, on a stormwater re-use ‘third-pipe’ system at a large residential development in Auckland, New Zealand. Through analysis of resident and expert views on safety, cost and security, the paper attends (1) to the ways in which techno-managerial water management was contested and, thus, politicized through the implementation of the third pipe, and (2) how the mobilization of techno-managerial discourses by water management authorities delegitimized the third-pipe system, rendering it ultimately inoperable. While our case study was thwarted by the de-politicizing apparatus of water management authorities, such experiments offer precedents, resources and hope for more democratic systems of water management. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Urban flood resilience’.

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House, M. A. "River Basin Management in the UK." Water Science and Technology 23, no. 1-3 (January 1, 1991): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0401.

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The Water Act 1989 has resulted in the reorganisation of the system of River Basin Management which has operated in England and Wales since the establishment of the 10 Water Authorities in 1974. On 1st September 1989 the Water Authorities were re-structured to produce 10 Water Service Companies and a new regulatory body, the National Rivers Authority. This presentation will summarise the changes to River Basin Management in England and Wales resulting from this reorganisation.

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Lika, Alban, Francesco Galioto, and Davide Viaggi. "Water Authorities’ Pricing Strategies to Recover Supply Costs in the Absence of Water Metering for Irrigated Agriculture." Sustainability 9, no. 12 (November 30, 2017): 2210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su9122210.

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Soutter, Marc, Maria Alexandrescu, Colin Schenk, and Radu Drobot. "Adapting a geographical information system-based water resource management to the needs of the Romanian water authorities." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 16, S1 (November 8, 2008): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-008-0065-5.

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Lufingo, Mesia. "Public Water Supply and Sanitation Authorities for Strategic Sustainable Domestic Water Management. A Case of Iringa Region In Tanzania." J 2, no. 4 (October 18, 2019): 449–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/j2040029.

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Water supply is a mandatory service for the majority from respective legal public water utilities, and its sustainability reflects implementations of best management strategies at a local level. The objectives of this study were (i) to assess current approaches used in water quality and quantity management and (ii) propose a sustainable domestic water management strategy. This was achieved through secondary water data trends, on-site water quality assessments, visits of water supply and sanitation authorities, and assessment of their performances. It was observed that water supplied in rural-based authorities was quite different from that supplied in an urban setting as far as quality and quantity are concerned; urban-based supplies are more affordable to users than rural ones. A new strategy on water management is presented for sustainable water supply; it is based on controlling groundwater abstractions and preference of surface water in public water supplies. Rural water supply management must learn several practices realized in urban supplies for the betterment of services for the majority of the users.

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Sharp, I. H., and M. A. Schell. "Study of Recreational Use of Sydney Water Board and Fish River Water Supply Storages (Australia)." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0037.

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Existing and potential recreational uses in a number of very different water supply catchments managed by two major N.S.W. authorities were investigated. Community attitudes to recreational use of both land based and water based activities were analysed together with reactions to increased charges to cover costs of ensuring safe water quality. Threats to water quality were studied and additional management and water quality control measures formulated.

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Shibuya, Masao, Francesc Hernández-Sancho, and María Molinos-Senante. "Economic effects of the consolidation of water utilities in Japan." Water Supply 14, no. 5 (May 16, 2014): 909–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2014.050.

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Water utilities are affected by economies of scale. However, in Japan most water utilities are small-scale water services. Therefore, they face enormous difficulties in terms of financial and personnel resources. To take advantage of economies of scale, the consolidation of water utilities has been promoted since 1965 by Japanese water authorities. The measure has been successful to some extent; nevertheless, consolidation has not progressed in recent years as was expected. This paper identifies the main barriers that hinder the consolidation of water utilities in Japan and describes the new promotion plan for the consolidation of water utilities developed by the Japan Water Works Association. To assess the economic effects of consolidation, an empirical application is carried out involving four real Japanese cities. The results will be useful to water authorities considering consolidation in the long-term planning of urban water management.

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Gencoglu, Gencer, and Nuri Merzi. "Trading-off Constraints in the Pump Scheduling Optimization of Water Distribution Networks." Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering 10, no. 1 (August 23, 2016): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4090/juee.2016.v10n1.135-143.

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Pumps are one of the essential components of water supply systems. Depending of the topography, a water supply system may completely rely on pumping. They may consume non-negligible amount of water authorities' budgets during operation. Besides their energy costs, maintaining the healthiness of pumping systems is another concern for authorities. This study represents a multi-objective optimization method for pump scheduling problem. The optimization objective contains hydraulic and operational constraints. Switching of pumps and usage of electricity tariff are assumed to be key factors for operational reliability and energy consumption and costs of pumping systems. The local optimals for systems operational reliability, energy consumptions and energy costs are investigated resulting from trading-off pump switch and electricity tariff constraints within given set of boundary conditions. In the study, a custom made program is employed that combines genetic algorithm based optimization module with hydraulic network simulation software -EPANET. Developed method is applied on the case study network; N8-3 pressure zone of the Northern Supply of Ankara (Turkey) Water Distribution Network. This work offers an efficient method for water authorities aiming to optimize pumping schedules considering expenditures and operational reliability mutually.

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Gencoglu, Gencer, and Nuri Merzi. "Trading-off Constraints in the Pump Scheduling Optimization of Water Distribution Networks." Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering 10, no. 1 (August 23, 2016): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4090/juee.2016.v10n1.135143.

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Pumps are one of the essential components of water supply systems. Depending of the topography, a water supply system may completely rely on pumping. They may consume non-negligible amount of water authorities' budgets during operation. Besides their energy costs, maintaining the healthiness of pumping systems is another concern for authorities. This study represents a multi-objective optimization method for pump scheduling problem. The optimization objective contains hydraulic and operational constraints. Switching of pumps and usage of electricity tariff are assumed to be key factors for operational reliability and energy consumption and costs of pumping systems. The local optimals for systems operational reliability, energy consumptions and energy costs are investigated resulting from trading-off pump switch and electricity tariff constraints within given set of boundary conditions. In the study, a custom made program is employed that combines genetic algorithm based optimization module with hydraulic network simulation software -EPANET. Developed method is applied on the case study network; N8-3 pressure zone of the Northern Supply of Ankara (Turkey) Water Distribution Network. This work offers an efficient method for water authorities aiming to optimize pumping schedules considering expenditures and operational reliability mutually.

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Mullenger, J., G. Ryan, and J. Hearn. "A water authority's experience with HACCP." Water Supply 2, no. 5-6 (December 1, 2002): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2002.0163.

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South East Water Limited (SEWL) is one of three retail water authorities operating in Melbourne, Australia. It was the first water authority in Australia to obtain HACCP accreditation for the supply of drinking water, in November 1999. This article presents an overview of the first two years' experience in developing and establishing a food safety management plan using Codex Alimentarius Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) to ensure the water reaching customers is safe, aesthetically pleasant and meets operating licence requirements. HACCP has improved the way in which our distribution and reticulation systems are managed, primarily through the refinement and optimisation of standard operating procedures. In addition, more consideration has been given to the development of contingency plans and the appropriate use of system redundancy to ensure quality of supply. Accreditation was only the beginning of a process. Once attained, there was an ongoing need to maintain and refine hazard measurement and reduction procedures. The major challenge for SEWL has been the integration of HACCP company-wide. Spreading of HACCP was directly achieved through the involvement of operators, key personnel and subcontractors in the assessment of hazards and evaluating the appropriateness of critical control points. This not only assisted with improvements to the existing system, and the identification of system strengths and weaknesses, but was also an integral component in awareness training for HACCP. It was through assessment workshops and training that operators were able to see HACCP as primarily a summary of current practices, but with the focus of improving or maintaining water quality. The net benefits of HACCP are difficult to quantify. Overall there is a greater understanding of water quality issues, more streamlined work procedures, and an improved response to customer enquires relating to water quality. This has been most clearly demonstrated by a net decrease in customer complaints over the two years since HACCP was implemented.

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Hoy, L., and S. Stelli. "Water conservation education as a tool to empower water users to reduce water use." Water Supply 16, no. 1 (August 19, 2015): 202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2015.073.

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There is a finite supply of global fresh water available for human consumption, which is in great demand from both humans and the environment. As technology and populations increase, so do the demands and pressure on this limited resource. Demand far too often outstrips supply, requiring authorities to impose restrictions on water use. Recent research undertaken by Rand Water, in the Rand Water supply area (in and around Gauteng, South Africa) points to the desire from end users to be empowered with knowledge to make their own decisions on water use reduction, rather than to have authoritative restrictions imposed on them. This observation indicates the importance of water conservation education and awareness campaigns to facilitate the reduction in water consumption by consumers, and suggests that education is a priority in the implementation of water conservation strategies.

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Stenroos, Marko, and Tapio S. Katko. "Managing Water Supply through Joint Regional Municipal Authorities in Finland: Two Comparative Cases." Water 3, no. 2 (June 15, 2011): 667–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w3020667.

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Abiodun, Ajiboye. "IMPACT OF PRIVATIZATION OF THE NIGERIAN RIVER BASIN AUTHORITIES ON WATER USE EFFICIENCY." International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research 06, no. 02 (April 30, 2020): 230–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.46609/ijaer.2020.v06i02.010.

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Grotenbreg, Sanne, and Mónica Altamirano. "Government facilitation of external initiatives: how Dutch water authorities cope with value dilemmas." International Journal of Water Resources Development 35, no. 3 (September 26, 2017): 465–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2017.1374930.

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Harper, Jayson K., and Ronald C. Griffin. "THE STRUCTURE AND ROLE OF RIVER AUTHORITIES IN TEXAS." Journal of the American Water Resources Association 24, no. 6 (December 1988): 1317–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1988.tb03053.x.

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Jones, T. "The Mersey Basin Campaign." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 10 (November 1, 1999): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0512.

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The Mersey Basin Campaign is now at the mid-point of a 25 year government backed partnership, which brings together local authorities, businesses, voluntary organisations and government agencies to deliver water quality improvements and waterside regeneration throughout the Mersey Basin Campaign area. Whilst much has been achieved due to investment by North West Water, the Environment Agency, local authorities and businesses the strength of the Campaign lies in the formation and support of active partnerships with the voluntary sector.

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Squintani, Lorenzo, Ernst Plambeck, and Marleen van Rijswick. "Strengths and Weaknesses of the Dutch Implementation of the Water Framework Directive." Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 14, no. 3-4 (December 6, 2017): 269–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18760104-01403002.

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The Netherlands has a long and fascinating history of water management. The main features of the Dutch water governance system for the implementation of the wfd are its regional water authorities based on hydrological scales and powers to regulate, decide and raise taxes for their water tasks. Their functional approach and the decentralised character make the regional water authorities very efficient and effective. It is therefore understandable that eu institutions and other Member States consider the Dutch system an interesting potential source of inspiration for other jurisdictions. Yet, it is not all gold what shines. This paper highlights the strength and weakness elements of the Dutch water governance system under the wfd. It exposes several points of concern. When considering using the Dutch experience as a source of inspiration in other Member States, these concerns should be taken in due account.

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Everbecq, Etienne, Aline Grard, Pol Magermans, and Jean-François Deliège. "Water Framework Directive and Modelling Using PEGOPERA Simulation Software." Journal of Modeling and Optimization 11, no. 1 (June 15, 2019): 36–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32732/jmo.2019.11.1.36.

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The Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC (WFD) established a framework for community action in the field of water policy. To implement the WFD, the competent authorities for watershed management should use modelling techniques to establish, for example, the pressure/impacts relationship. The PegOpera modelling tool (composed of the water quality model Pegase and a friendly Graphical User Interface), has been developed in order to be compliant with the requirements of the WFD. Pegase is a physicochemical model describing the behaviour of whole river systems, at various scales, from tens to tens of thousands km². The specificity of the model is its ability to work at a high spatial resolution not only for small river basins (water body level), but also for large drainage networks. Already used by several basin management competent authorities, the PegOpera modelling tool proved to be an efficient tool for helping in surface water management from local up to the international district level and is therefore an operational numerical tool for WFD implementation.

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Selzer, Assaf. "The Ayalon River and the Relationships between the Authorities, 1948-1965." Iyunim, Multidisciplinary Studies in Israeli and Modern Jewish Society 34 (December 1, 2020): 124–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.51854/bguy-34a105.

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During the first two decades following the establishment of the State of Israel, the Tel Aviv-Jaffa municipality had to deal with flooding from the Ayalon River. By means of constructing a series of walls, the route of the river and its depth were altered in an unsuccessful attempt to solve the problem. It became clear that a more drastic solution was necessary. Water issues and rivers in particular provide a unique opportunity to study the underlying relationships between local and central governments and between local and international water experts. In this article, I compare the different interests of those who were involved in dealing with the flooding from the Ayalon and the motivations behind their actions. As part of the solution to the Ayalon flooding problem, an infrastructure company was established in 1965 as a partnership between the Tel Aviv-Jaffa municipality and the Israeli government. The main task of the company was to construct a highway along the route of the river, thus ironically providing a drastic solution to the problem.

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READ, S. V. "Waste Management Licensing: Challenges for Waste Regulation Authorities." Water and Environment Journal 9, no. 6 (December 1995): 573–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1995.tb00969.x.

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Hove, Jennifer, Lucia D'Ambruoso, Denny Mabetha, Maria van der Merwe, Peter Byass, Kathleen Kahn, Sonto Khosa, Sophie Witter, and Rhian Twine. "‘Water is life’: developing community participation for clean water in rural South Africa." BMJ Global Health 4, no. 3 (June 2019): e001377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001377.

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BackgroundSouth Africa is a semiarid country where 5 million people, mainly in rural areas, lack access to water. Despite legislative and policy commitments to the right to water, cooperative governance and public participation, many authorities lack the means to engage with and respond to community needs. The objectives were to develop local knowledge on health priorities in a rural province as part of a programme developing community evidence for policy and planning.MethodsWe engaged 24 participants across three villages in the Agincourt Health and Socio-Demographic Surveillance System and codesigned the study. This paper reports on lack of clean, safe water, which was nominated in one village (n=8 participants) and in which women of reproductive age were nominated as a group whose voices are excluded from attention to the issue. On this basis, additional participants were recruited (n=8). We then held a series of consensus-building workshops to develop accounts of the problem and actions to address it using Photovoice to document lived realities. Thematic analysis of narrative and visual data was performed.ResultsRepeated and prolonged periods when piped water is unavailable were reported, as was unreliable infrastructure, inadequate service delivery, empty reservoirs and poor supply exacerbated by droughts. Interconnected social, behavioural and health impacts were documented combined with lack of understanding, cooperation and trust between communities and authorities. There was unanimity among participants for taps in houses as an overarching goal and strategies to build an evidence base for planning and advocacy were developed.ConclusionIn this setting, there is willingness among community stakeholders to improve water security and there are existing community assemblies to support this. Health and Socio-Demographic Surveillance Systems provide important opportunities to routinely connect communities to resource management and service delivery. Developing learning platforms with government and non-government organisations may offer a means to enable more effective public participation in decentralised water governance.

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Yousefi, A., A. M. Amini, O. Fathi, and A. yadegari. "Farmers' and Authorities' Attitudes towards the Water Conflict Resolution Methods in Zayandeh-Rud River." Journal of Water and Soil Science 20, no. 76 (August 1, 2016): 143–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.jstnar.20.76.143.

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Valdovinos, Joyce. "The remunicipalization of Parisian water services: new challenges for local authorities and policy implications." Water International 37, no. 2 (March 2012): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2012.662733.

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Gieske, Hanneke, Michael Duijn, and Arwin van Buuren. "Ambidextrous practices in public service organizations: innovation and optimization tensions in Dutch water authorities." Public Management Review 22, no. 3 (March 26, 2019): 341–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2019.1588354.

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Dehnhardt, Alexandra. "Decision-makers’ attitudes towards economic valuation – a case study of German water management authorities." Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy 2, no. 2 (July 2013): 201–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21606544.2013.766483.

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Nielsen, Susanne Balslev, and Marina Bergen Jensen. "Towards sustainable urban water governance in Denmark: collective building of capabilities in local authorities." International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development 10, no. 2 (2016): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijisd.2016.075532.

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Hu, Hongtao, Xiazhong Chen, and Zhuo Sun. "Effect of Water Flows on Ship Traffic in Narrow Water Channels Based on Cellular Automata." Polish Maritime Research 24, s3 (November 27, 2017): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pomr-2017-0115.

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Abstract In narrow water channels, ship traffic may be affected by water flows and ship interactions. Studying their effects can help maritime authorities to establish appropriate management strategies. In this study, a two-lane cellular automation model is proposed. Further, the behavior of ship traffic is analyzed by setting different water flow velocities and considering ship interactions. Numerical experiment results show that the ship traffic density-flux relation is significantly different from the results obtained by classical models. Furthermore, due to ship interactions, the ship lane-change rate is influenced by the water flow to a certain degree.

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Lawhon, P., and M. Schwartz. "Linking environmental and economic sustainability in establishing standards for wastewater re-use in Israel." Water Science and Technology 53, no. 9 (April 1, 2006): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.262.

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Israel is one of the world's leaders in agricultural re-use of wastewater, currently re-using over 60% of produced wastewater. The effects of arid climate, intensive irrigated agriculture and limited water resources make re-use necessary to conserve fresh water for domestic use. Quality standards for wastewater re-use are needed to protect public health and prevent environmental and agricultural damage. This paper examines the environmental and economic sustainability of the proposed upgrade of wastewater quality standards. A tertiary treatment standard was proposed, but has not been approved due to objections from local authorities and farmers. An upgrade will require higher treatment costs, which will be divided between farmers and local authorities through the pricing of the wastewater. Farmers oppose the upgrade because they will not be able to pay higher prices for wastewater, which they use to irrigate low-profit crops. If the price is too high, these farmers may be forced out of business and a substantial reduction in cultivated lands may result. If the price is too low, the poorer local authorities may not be able to comply with the standards, and may discharge improperly treated wastewater, causing environmental damage. A successful policy balances the needs for environmental protection with the economic realities of farmers and local authorities and may require compensation for local authorities or farmers in order to achieve maximum environmental protection.

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Keegan, Alexandra, Candani Tutuka, and Paul Monis. "Pathogens and indicators in wastewater matrices." Microbiology Australia 30, no. 1 (2009): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma09008.

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As climate change and increasing population sizes continue to place stress on water resources, communities are increasingly looking to recycled water as a supplementary water source, whether for drinking water, domestic irrigation, industrial or agricultural use. Protecting public health by ensuring the safety of water supplies is a key concern for the water industry and health authorities.

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Bud, Ioan, Iosif Pasca, and Simona Duma. "UNCONTROLLED DISCHARGES OF MINE WATER FROM CLOSED MINING PERIMETERS." Scientific Bulletin Series D : Mining, Mineral Processing, Non-Ferrous Metallurgy, Geology and Environmental Engineering 32, no. 1 (2018): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37193/sbsd.2018.1.01.

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In the northern part of Romania, in the former mining perimeters there have been significant leakage of mine waters that have severely affected the environment. The paper presents the causes and consequences of these uncontrolled leaks loaded with heavy metals. Issues related to minimizing the long-term consequences of this serious phenomenon on the part of the authorities are highlighted.

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Byleveld, Paul M., Daniel Deere, and Annette Davison. "Water safety plans: planning for adverse events and communicating with consumers." Journal of Water and Health 6, S1 (March 1, 2008): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2008.035.

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A wide range of microbial and chemical characteristics in drinking water have the potential to affect human health. However, it is not possible or practical to test drinking water for all potentially harmful characteristics. If drinking water is contaminated, people may already be exposed by the time test results are available. The ‘boil water alert’ issued in Sydney, Australia in 1998 following the detection of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in the finished water supply, highlighted the uncertainties associated with the public health response to test results. The Sydney experience supports the international consensus that a preventive risk-management approach to the supply of drinking water (manifesting as water safety plans (WSPs)) is the most reliable way to protect public health. A key component of a comprehensive WSP is that water suppliers and health authorities must have plans to respond in the case of water contamination and/or outbreaks. These plans must include clear guidance on when to issue warnings to consumers, and how these warnings are to be communicated. The pressure on health authorities to develop clear and systematic boil-water guidance will increase as utilities all over the world develop their WSPs.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Water authorities'

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