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Journal articles on the topic 'Water assisted injection molding'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 September 2022

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1

Park, Hyungpil, Baeg-Soon Cha, and Byungohk Rhee. "Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Process Conditions on Residual Wall Thickness and Cooling and Surface Characteristics of Water-Assisted Injection Molded Hollow Products." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/161938.

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Recently, water-assisted injection molding was employed in the automobile industry to manufacture three-dimensional hollow tube-type products with functionalities. However, process optimization is difficult in the case of water-assisted injection molding because of the various rheological interactions between the injected water and the polymer. In this study, the boiling phenomenon that occurs because of the high melt temperature when injecting water and the molding characteristics of the hollow section during the water-assisted injection process were analyzed by a water-assisted injection molding analysis. In addition, the changes in the residual wall thickness accompanying changes in the process conditions were compared with the analysis results by considering water-assisted injection molding based on gas-assisted injection molding. Furthermore, by comparing the cooling characteristics and inner wall surface qualities corresponding to the formation of the hollow section by gas and water injections, a water-assisted injection molding technique was proposed for manufacturing hollow products with functionality.

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2

Shih-Jung Liu. "Water-Assisted Injection Molding." Seikei-Kakou 18, no. 10 (October 20, 2006): 718–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4325/seikeikakou.18.718.

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3

Liu, S. J. "Water Assisted Injection Molding: A Review." International Polymer Processing 24, no. 4 (September 2009): 315–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/217.2255.

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4

Liu, Shih-Jung, Kun-Yeh Lin, and Che-Chi Liu. "Manufacture of Thermoplastic Elastomer Tubes by Water Assisted Injection Molding Technology." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 81, no. 1 (March 1, 2008): 156–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3548194.

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Abstract The objective of this study was to manufacture thermoplastic elastomer tubes by a novel water assisted injection molding technology and to experimentally investigate the effects of various processing parameters on the molded parts quality. Styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene (SEBS) compounds based thermoplastic elastomers were used for all the experiments. Experiments were carried out on a lab-developed water assisted injection-molding system, which included a water pump, a water injection pin, a water tank equipped with a temperature regulator, a pressure accumulator, and a control circuit. A porous type water injection pin was designed and made to mold the parts. After molding, the lengths of water penetration as well as the hollowed core ratios in molded tubes were measured. The effects of different processing parameters on the hollowed core ratios were determined. It was found that the melt temperature and water injection delay time were the principal factors influencing the water penetration behaviors. In addition, a comparison has been made between the parts molded by water assisted injection molding and gas assisted injection molding. The results suggest that water assisted injection molded parts mold parts with less residual wall thickness distributions along the channel. However, thermoplastic elastomers molded by water exhibited higher wall thickness difference at curve sections than those molded by gas.

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5

Hu, Qiao Sheng, Feng Ni, and Jian Ping Lin. "Strain Analysis on Weld Zone of Tailor Welded Blanks in the Case of Welded Seam Cracking." Advanced Materials Research 154-155 (October 2010): 355–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.154-155.355.

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A simulation model for the filling of a tubular cavity during water assisted injection molding is proposed. The polymer melt and water are assumed to be incompressible and to follow a Hele-Shaw fluid behavior. The finite element/finite difference/control volume methods are adopted for numerical simulation of the melt front, pressure at injection location variation, water thickness fraction and bulk temperature about a curved pipe, the simulation results have good agreement with the results presented in the former experiment. In comparison with the simulation result of gas-assisted injection molding, water assisted injection molding can give parts with thinner and more uniform walls and more rapid cooling.

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6

Kuang, Tang Qing. "Study on the Flow Behavior in a Tubular Cavity during Water-Assisted Injection Molding." Advanced Materials Research 154-155 (October 2010): 359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.154-155.359.

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A simulation model for the filling of a tubular cavity during water assisted injection molding is proposed. The polymer melt and water are assumed to be incompressible and to follow a Hele-Shaw fluid behavior. The finite element/finite difference/control volume methods are adopted for numerical simulation of the melt front, pressure at injection location variation, water thickness fraction and bulk temperature about a curved pipe, the simulation results have good agreement with the results presented in the former experiment. In comparison with the simulation result of gas-assisted injection molding, water assisted injection molding can give parts with thinner and more uniform walls and more rapid cooling.

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7

BOCIAGA, ELZBIETA. "Water and gas/water assisted injection molding of polymers." Polimery 52, no. 02 (February 2007): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2007.088.

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8

Kuang, Tang Qing. "Study on one Dimensional Numerical Simulation in Filling Stage of Water-Assisted Injection Molding." Advanced Materials Research 179-180 (January 2011): 1193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.179-180.1193.

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Water assisted injection molding is a pretty novel way to fabricate hollow or more complicated parts. Its molding window and process control are more critical and difficult since additional processing parameters are involved. A simulation model for the filling stage of a pipe cavity during short-shot water assisted injection molding was proposed. The finite element/finite difference/control volume methods were adopted for the numerical simulation. A numerical study, based on the single factor method, was conducted to characterize the effect of different processing parameters on the short shot water-assisted injection-molding of thermoplastic composites, including short-shot size, melt temperature, mold temperature, water temperature and water pressure. For the factors selected in the simulations, short-shot size was found to be the principal parameters affecting the water penetration length while melt temperature, mold temperature, water temperature, water pressure were found to have little effect on the penetration of water.

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9

Kuang, Tang Qing, and Kun Han. "Study on the Flow Behavior in Thin Cavity during Water-Assisted Injection Molding." Key Engineering Materials 467-469 (February 2011): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.467-469.80.

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A numerical simulation model for the flow behavior of fluids in thin cavity during water assisted injection molding process is built up by adopting general Newtonian fluid model for the filling stage and non-Newtonian and compressible fluid model for the packing stage separately. Finite element/finite difference/control volume methods are adopted for the simulation of melt front, pressure variation at injection location, water thickness fraction and bulk temperature about a plate with trapezoidal cross-section. The simulated melt front location and shape have good agreement with experimental result. In comparison with the simulation results of conventional injection molding, it turns out that water assisted injection molding can obtain parts with low pressure requirement, perfect surface quality and rapid cooling.

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10

Kuang, T. Q., P. Xu, Q. Feng, and L. S. Turng. "Water-Assisted Co-Injection Molding of Non-Circular Tubes." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 267 (June 8, 2019): 042164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/267/4/042164.

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11

Liu, S. J., Y. C. Wu, and P. C. Lai. "Water Penetration Stability in Water Assisted Injection Molded Symmetric Ribs." International Polymer Processing 20, no. 4 (August 1, 2005): 352–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ipp-2005-0063.

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Abstract Water assisted injection molding technology has received extensive attention in recent years, due to its light weight, relatively lower resin cost per part, faster cycle time, and its flexibility in the design and manufacture of plastic parts. However, there are still some unsolved problems that confound the overall success of this technology. Unstable water penetration in molded symmetric channels is one of them. This report was to study the water penetration behavior in the water assisted injection molded symmetric cavity. Experiments were carried out on an 80-ton injection-molding machine equipped with a water injection unit. A plate cavity with symmetric water channels was used. The materials used were amorphous polystyrene and semi-crystalline polypropylene. Various processing variables were studied in terms of their influence on the water penetration behavior inside the symmetric parts: melt temperature, mold temperature, melt fill speed and fill pressure, short-shot size, water temperature and water pressure, and water injection delay time and water hold time. The effect of channel layout was also investigated. Tapered channels were found to mold parts with better penetration stability than flat channels. In addition, the penetration behaviors of water and gas in molded symmetric parts were also compared. The experimental results suggested that water penetration stability is more stable than that of gas in molded symmetric parts.

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12

Yang, Jian Gen, Xiong Hui Zhou, and Qiang Niu. "Model and simulation of water penetration in water-assisted injection molding." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 67, no. 1-4 (September 14, 2012): 367–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-012-4490-8.

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13

Yu, Zhong, He-Sheng Liu, Tang-Qing Kuang, Xing-Yuan Huang, Wei Zhang, Zhong-Shi Chen, and Kai Zhang. "Numerical Simulation during Short-Shot Water-Assisted Injection Molding Based on the Overflow Cavity for Short-Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polypropylene." Advances in Polymer Technology 2020 (May 5, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3718670.

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Compared with water penetration condition of short-shot water-assisted injection molding with or without overflow cavity, it can be known from theory and common knowledge that short-shot water-assisted injection molding with overflow cavity has many advantages, such as it can save materials and energy. Then, the effects of melt short shot size, water injection delay time, melt temperature and water injection pressure on the penetration of water after penetration, and the orientation distribution of short fibers during water-assisted injection molding of the overflow cavity short-shot method were studied. It is found that the melt short shot size had the greatest influence on it, followed by water injection pressure, water injection delay time, and finally, melt temperature. With the increase of the melt short shot size, the thickness of the residual wall of the whole main cavity becomes thinner, the orientation of short fiber along the melt flow direction becomes higher, and the degree of fiber orientation changes becomes lower. In the front half of the main cavity, with the decrease of water injection pressure, the delay time of water injection, and the melt temperature, in the front part of the main cavity, the residual wall thickness becomes thinner, the fiber orientation along the melt flow direction becomes lower, and the fiber orientation changes degree becomes higher; in the latter half of the main cavity, the influence of the water penetration and the orientation distribution of short fibers along the melt flow direction are not significant.

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14

Kuang, Tangqing, Qiang Feng, Tian Liu, Luohao Zhong, Yanqing Wang, and Hesheng Liu. "Numerical Simulation on the Penetration Behavior of the Projectile during the Water Injection Stage of Water-Projectile-Assisted Injection Molding Process." Advances in Polymer Technology 2020 (March 28, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6861216.

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Water-projectile-assisted injection molding (W-PAIM) is a novel molding process for plastic pipes with complicated shape. It utilizes high-pressure water as a power to push a solid projectile to penetrate through the melt to form a hollow space. In order to investigate the penetration behavior of the projectile during the water injection stage of W-PAIM process, numerical simulation of the water injection stage of a W-PAIM pipe with straight and curved segments was carried out. A turbulent flow for the driving water was considered in the motion equation, and the dynamic mesh technology was used to deal with the moving solid projectile. The simulation results, including RWT and the flow fields, were compared with those of water-assisted injection molding (WAIM) pipe with the same outer dimensions. It was found that the residual wall thickness (RWT) of the W-PAIM pipe is much thinner than that of the WAIM pipe. The projectile has a crucial influence on the RWT. The pressure fields of W-PAIM and WAIM are very similar in both straight and curved segments. The velocity field and strain rate field near the penetration front in W-PAIM are quite different from those in WAIM due to the drag flow caused by the projectile penetration.

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15

Liu, Xianhu, Yamin Pan, Guoqiang Zheng, Hu Liu, Qiang Chen, Mengyao Dong, Chuntai Liu, et al. "Overview of the Experimental Trends in Water-Assisted Injection Molding." Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 303, no. 8 (June 4, 2018): 1800035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mame.201800035.

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16

ZHOU, Hua. "Water-Assisted Injection Molding System Based on Water Hydraulic Proportional Control Technique." Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 23, no. 04 (2010): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/cjme.2010.04.418.

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17

Kuang, Tangqing, Chuncong Yu, Baiping Xu, and Lih-Sheng Turng. "Experimental study of penetration interfaces in the overflow fluid-assisted co-injection molding process." Journal of Polymer Engineering 36, no. 2 (March 1, 2016): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2014-0369.

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Abstract The fluid-assisted co-injection molding (FACIM) process can be used to produce hollow plastic products with outer and inner layers. It can be divided into two categories: water-assisted co-injection molding (WACIM) and gas-assisted co-injection molding (GACIM). An experimental study of penetration interfaces in overflow FACIM was carried out based on a lab-developed FACIM system. High-density polyethylene and polypropylene were used as the outer layer and inner layer plastics, respectively, in the experiments and the injection sequence was reversible. Six cross-section cavities were investigated in the experiments. The penetration behaviors of water and gas in different sequences and cavities were compared and analyzed. The penetration interfaces were characterized by the residual wall thickness (RWT). The experimental results showed that the RWT of the inner layer in WACIM fluctuated along the flow direction, while that in GACIM was more even. The difference of viscosity between the outer and inner layer melts affected the stability of the interface between them. The penetration sections of the inner layer and the gas were closer to the cavity sections in GACIM, while the penetration sections of the inner layer and the water were closer to the circular forms in WACIM.

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18

Oliveira, D., A. Mateus, P. Carreira, F. Simões, and C. Malça. "Water Assisted Injection Molding for Single and Multi-branched Tubular Components." Procedia Manufacturing 12 (2017): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2017.08.018.

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19

Huang, Han-Xiong, and Zhi-Wu Deng. "Effects and optimization of processing parameters in water-assisted injection molding." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 108, no. 1 (2008): 228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.27560.

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20

Kuang, Tang‐Qing, Jun‐Yu Pan, Qiang Feng, He‐Sheng Liu, Bai‐Ping Xu, Wen‐Wen Liu, and Lih‐Sheng Turng. "Residual wall thickness of water‐powered projectile‐assisted injection molding pipes." Polymer Engineering & Science 59, no. 2 (October 30, 2018): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.24904.

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21

Liu, Shih-jung, and Yen-show Chen. "Water-assisted injection molding of thermoplastic materials: Effects of processing parameters." Polymer Engineering & Science 43, no. 11 (November 2003): 1806–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.10153.

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22

Park, Hyung-Pil, Baeg-Soon Cha, Soo-Bin Park, Jae-Hyuk Choi, Dong-Han Kim, Byung-Ohk Rhee, and Kye-Hwan Lee. "A Study on the Void Formation in Residual Wall Thickness of Fluid-Assisted Injection Molding Parts." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/238251.

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In fluid-assisted injection molding, the distribution of the residual wall thickness on the inside and outside of the curved area is different, and void is formed due to the effect of the shrinkage on the outside where the residual wall thickness is thicker. The shrinkage that takes place in the residual wall is affected by the rheological changes in the polymer caused by temperature change and also by the thermal properties of the penetration fluid. In this study, the different effects on void formation in residual wall during fluid-assisted injection molding were analyzed, and water and silicone oil that had different thermal properties were used for the fluids. For this, heat transfer analysis and injection molding analysis were conducted. The void formation occurred due to the different temperature distribution and volumetric shrinkage in the direction of the residual wall in the curved area with a hollow section. It was also found that the void formation in the curved area decreased in the case of silicone oil compared to the case of water from simulation and experiments.

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23

Huang, Dongyou, Hesheng Liu, Tangqing Kuang, and Zhong Yu. "Fiber Orientation Analysis of Overflow Water-Assisted Injection Molding with Short Glass Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene." Advances in Polymer Technology 2022 (May 13, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9968902.

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The fiber orientation is playing an important performance indexed for glass fiber reinforced polypropylene for water-assisted injection molding. Based on the viscoelastic constitutive equation (White-Metzner) and the fiber orientation model (iARD-RPR), the effects of fiber mass content, water injection delay time, water injection pressure, and melt temperature, which are on the fiber orientation along the flow direction and shear rate distribution of the melt, were investigated. Studies found that the orientation degree of the fiber along the flow direction was reduced with the increase of the fiber mass content, the extension of the water injection delay time, and the improvement of the melt temperature and that the orientation degree of the fiber along the flow direction was raised with the increase of the water injection pressure flow in the laminar flow state, but it was reduced with the increase in the turbulent state. It can be further learned from the shear rate distribution that decreasing fiber mass content, reducing the water injection delay time, lower melt temperature, and increasing water injection pressure in laminar flow conditions will increase the shear rate in the channel layer and the shear rate gradient along the thickness direction of the melt, while the water injection pressure in the turbulent state is on the contrary.

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24

Zhang, Wei, Tang-qing Kuang, He-sheng Liu, Jia-mei Lai, Ji-kai Han, Qing-song Jiang, and Zhi-hui Wan. "Improved process moldability and part quality of short-glass–fiber-reinforced polypropylene via overflow short-shot water-assisted injection molding." Journal of Polymer Engineering 42, no. 4 (February 11, 2022): 362–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2021-0217.

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Abstract Water-assisted injection molding (WAIM) is a promising molding process developed based on conventional injection molding (CIM). It has been a research hotspot in recent years and is still receiving extensive attention from many scholars and industries because of its significant potential advantages in practical applications. However, compared with CIM, since the additional water-related parameters are involved, the process moldability of thermoplastics is significantly reduced, especially for fiber-reinforced thermoplastics, which stunts the development of WAIM process. In this work, short-shot WAIM with an overflow cavity (OSSWAIM) was developed to address the problems and broaden the application scope of WAIMs. The results showed that compared with overflow WAIM (OWAIM) and short-shot WAIM (SSWAIM), OSSWAIM could significantly improve the process moldability and part quality of fiber-reinforced thermoplastics, especially for thermoplastic composites with a high fiber weight fraction. Besides, it was also found that water penetration had a slight influence on the fiber orientation near the water inlet, but had a significant influence on the fiber orientation near the end of mold cavity. Finally, three processing parameters affecting the water penetration, i.e., water pressure, melt temperature, and water injection delay time were investigated in terms of their influences on the fiber orientation within OSSWAIM.

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25

AHMADZAI, AHMAD ZIA, and AMIR HOSSEIN BEHRAVESH. "Effect of processing parameters on water penetration in water assisted injection molding of ABS." Polimery 56, no. 03 (March 2011): 232–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2011.232.

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26

Yang, Jian Gen, Xiong Hui Zhou, and Gu Ping Luo. "Study of water penetration length and processing parameters optimization in water-assisted injection molding." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 69, no. 9-12 (August 14, 2013): 2605–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-013-5233-1.

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27

ZHANG, Zengmeng. "Simulation and Analysis on Cavity Filling Process in Water-assisted Injection Molding." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 46, no. 08 (2010): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2010.08.140.

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28

Liu, Shih-Jung, and Yen-Shou Chen. "The manufacturing of thermoplastic composite parts by water-assisted injection-molding technology." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 35, no. 2 (February 2004): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2003.10.006.

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29

Zhang, S., W. Cao, G. Zheng, Z. Jia, and C. Shen. "Model and Numerical Simulation for the Second Penetration in Water-assisted Injection Molding." International Polymer Processing 26, no. 5 (November 2011): 560–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/217.2491.

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30

Liu, Shih-Jung, and Chang-Chi Shih. "An Experimental Study of the Water-Assisted Injection Molding of PA-6 Composites." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 27, no. 9 (January 31, 2008): 985–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684407086627.

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31

Liu, Xianhu, Guoqiang Zheng, Kun Dai, Zhenhua Jia, Songwei Li, Chuntai Liu, Jingbo Chen, Changyu Shen, and Qian Li. "Morphological comparison of isotactic polypropylene molded by water-assisted and conventional injection molding." Journal of Materials Science 46, no. 24 (December 2011): 7830–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-011-5764-5.

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32

Zhou, Haiying, Hesheng Liu, Qingsong Jiang, Tangqing Kuang, Zhixin Chen, and Weiping Li. "Effect of Process Parameters on Short Fiber Orientation along the Melt Flow Direction in Water-Assisted Injection Molded Part." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019 (August 19, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7201215.

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The short fiber orientation (SFO) distribution in the water-assisted injection molding (WAIM) is more complicated than that in traditional injection molding due to the new process parameters. In this work, an improved fiber orientation tensor method was used to simulate the SFO in WAIM. The result was compared with the scanning electron micrograph, which was consistent with the experiments. The effect of six process parameters, including filling time, melt temperature, mold temperature, delay time, water pressure, and water temperature, on the SFO along the melt flow direction were studied through orthogonal experimental design, range analysis, and variance analysis. An artificial neural network was used to establish the nonlinear agent model between the process parameters and A11 representing the fiber orientation in melt flow direction. Results show that water pressure, melt temperature, and water temperature have significant effects on SFO. The three-dimensional (3D) response surfaces and contour plots show that the values of A11 decrease with the increase in water pressure and melt temperature and increase as the water temperature rises.

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33

AHMADZAI, AHMAD ZIA, and AMIR HOSSEIN BEHRAVESH. "An experimental investigation on water penetration in the process of water assisted injection molding of polypropylene." Polimery 54, no. 07/08 (July 2009): 564–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2009.564.

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34

Liu, S. J., and P. C. Su. "An Experimental Setup to Measure the Transient Temperature Profiles in Water Assisted Injection Molding." International Polymer Processing 24, no. 3 (July 2009): 234–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/217.2233.

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35

Yang, J. G., X. H. Zhou, and Q. Niu. "Residual Wall Thickness Study of Variable Cross-section Tube in Water-assisted Injection Molding." International Polymer Processing 27, no. 5 (November 2012): 584–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/217.2612.

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36

Zhou, Hua, Yinglong Chen, Zengmeng Zhang, and Huayong Yang. "Simulation and experiment research on the proportional pressure control of water-assisted injection molding." Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 25, no. 3 (April 28, 2012): 430–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/cjme.2012.03.430.

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37

Liu, Shih-Jung, and Yi-Chuan Wu. "Dynamic visualization of cavity-filling process in fluid-assisted injection molding-gas versus water." Polymer Testing 26, no. 2 (April 2007): 232–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2006.10.008.

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38

Liu, Shih-Jung, and Chia-Hung Lin. "An Experimental Study of Water-Assisted Injection Molding of Plastic Tubes with Dimensional Transitions." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 26, no. 14 (June 14, 2007): 1441–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684407079756.

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39

Zhou, Haiying, Hesheng Liu, Tangqing Kuang, Qingsong Jiang, Zhixin Chen, and Weiping Li. "Simulation and Optimization of Short Fiber Circumferential Orientation in Short-Fiber-Reinforced Composites Overflow Water-Assisted Injection Molded Tube." Advances in Polymer Technology 2019 (August 19, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6135270.

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The mechanical properties of the water-assisted injection molded tube can be enhanced by the increase in the short fiber circumferential orientation (SFCO). Thus, the numerical method verified by experiments is used to simulate the SFCO distribution in the overflow water-assisted injection molding (OWAIM), with the mechanism of short fiber orientation analyzed as well. The effect of parameters (filling time, melt temperature, mold temperature, delay time, water pressure, and water temperature) on the SFCO is explored by range analysis and variance analysis of the orthogonal experimental scheme. Moreover, both of artificial neural network (ANN) and genetic algorithm (GA) are used to model and optimize process parameters. Results show that the melt temperature, delay time, and water pressure are predominant parameters. The evolution of SFCO increases with the increase of melt temperature and water pressure, whereas the changes in delay time reverse. The value of the maximum SFCO tensor obtained by GA optimization is found to be 0.234.

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40

Yu, Zhong, He‐Sheng Liu, Tang‐Qing Kuang, Xing‐Yuan Huang, Zhong‐Shi Chen, Wei Zhang, and Kai Zhang. "The study of short‐shot water‐assisted injection molding of short glass fiber reinforced polypropylene." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 137, no. 47 (July 13, 2020): 49555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.49555.

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41

Huang, Han-Xiong, Bin Wang, and Wei-Wen Zhou. "Polymorphism in polyamide 6 and polyamide 6/clay nanocomposites molded via water-assisted injection molding." Composites Part B: Engineering 43, no. 3 (April 2012): 972–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2011.10.002.

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42

Yang, Jiangen, Shengrui Yu, and Ming Yu. "Study of Residual Wall Thickness and Multiobjective Optimization for Process Parameters of Water-Assisted Injection Molding." Advances in Polymer Technology 2020 (December 10, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3481752.

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Residual wall thickness is an important indicator for water-assisted injection molding (WAIM) parts, especially the maximization of hollowed core ratio and minimization of wall thickness difference which are significant optimization objectives. Residual wall thickness was calculated by the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The response surface methodology (RSM) model, radial basis function (RBF) neural network, and Kriging model were employed to map the relationship between process parameters and hollowed core ratio, and wall thickness difference. Based on the comparison assessments of the three surrogate models, multiobjective optimization of hollowed core ratio and wall thickness difference for cooling water pipe by integrating design of experiment (DOE) of optimized Latin hypercubes (Opt LHS), RBF neural network, and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was studied. The research results showed that short shot size, water pressure, and melt temperature were the most important process parameters affecting hollowed core ratio, while the effects of delay time and mold temperature were little. By the confirmation experiments for the best solution resulted from the Pareto frontier, the relative errors of hollowed core ratio and wall thickness are 2.2% and 3.0%, respectively. It demonstrated that the proposed hybrid optimization methodology could increase hollowed core ratio and decrease wall thickness difference during the WAIM process.

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Wang, Bin, Han-xiong Huang, and Zhi-yong Wang. "FORMATION MECHANISM OF TRANSCRYSTALS IN PP/SAN BLENDS PREPARED VIA WATER-ASSISTED INJECTION MOLDING." Acta Polymerica Sinica 012, no. 8 (August 17, 2012): 825–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1105.2012.11364.

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Kuang, Tang-Qing, Bai-Ping Xu, Guo-Fa Zhou, and Lih-Sheng Turng. "Numerical simulation on residual thickness of pipes with curved sections in water-assisted co-injection molding." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 132, no. 34 (May 27, 2015): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.42468.

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Li, Qian, Wei Cao, Shixun Zhang, and Changyu Shen. "Model and numerical simulation for the evolution of residual wall thickness in Water-Assisted Injection Molding." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 10 (June 1, 2010): 012140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/10/1/012140.

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46

Yang, Jiangen, and Shengrui Yu. "Prediction of process parameters of water‐assisted injection molding based on inverse radial basis function neural network." Polymer Engineering & Science 60, no. 12 (September 30, 2020): 3159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.25544.

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Wang, Bin, and Han-Xiong Huang. "Formation mechanism of crystal morphologies in LLDPE/HDPE blends investigated via water-assisted and conventional injection molding." Polymer Engineering & Science 52, no. 1 (July 15, 2011): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.22053.

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48

Sannen, S., M. De Munck, P. Van Puyvelde, and J. De Keyzer. "Water Penetration Behavior in Water-assisted Injection Molding (WAIM): A Study of Product Quality for Different Process and Material Parameters." International Polymer Processing 27, no. 5 (November 2012): 602–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/217.2622.

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Castelo Ferreira, Pedro, Paula Pascoal-Faria, Pedro Carreira, and Nuno Alves. "A Computer Simulation of the Nitinol Thermal Expansion under Fast Varying Working Conditions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 890 (April 2019): 162–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.890.162.

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We discuss the setup of a simulation on ANSYS to predict the thermal expansion of parts made of Nitinol. A simulation is justified for working conditions in which the part heating is not homogeneous originating a temperature gradient across the part section such that an analytical estimate for the part expansion cannot be calculated. We apply the simulation to the topological optimization of a square section geometry and a bullet geometry for water assisted injection molding. For the topological optimization we consider as parameter the wall thickness and consider both the cases of fast varying temperature and fast varying temperature and pressure.

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ZHOU, Hua. "Simulation and Experimental Analysis on Non-circular Cross-section Parts Residual Wall Thickness of Water-assisted Injection Molding." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 46, no. 18 (2010): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2010.18.169.

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