Relevant bibliographies by topics / Water and sanitary engineering

Academic literature on the topic 'Water and sanitary engineering'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Water and sanitary engineering"

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Vashurina, M. V., and A. V. Fyodorova. "CURRENT SANITARY-ECOLOGICAL STATE AND ENSURING OF SAFETY EXPLOITATION OF FRESH GROUND WATERS INTAKES FOR DRINKING PURPOSES WITHIN THE LIMITS OF THE KHMAO - YUGRA TERRITORY." Oil and Gas Studies, no. 3 (June 30, 2015): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/0445-0108-2015-3-117-122.

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Based on the results of the hydro-geo-ecological investigation carried out at acting drinkable water intakes lo-cated at settlements within the limits of the KHMAO-Yugra territory an estimation was made of sanitary-engineering state of water-intake facilities and ecological state of the sanitary protection zone. A complex of measures is recommended the implementation of which will enable to improve the exploitation and to prevent fresh ground waters pollution.
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Barraqué, B., R. M. Formiga Johnsson, and A. L. Nogueira de Paiva Britto. "The development of water services and their interaction with water resources in European and Brazilian cities." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 12, no. 4 (August 26, 2008): 1153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-12-1153-2008.

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Abstract. The extension and complexity of large cities creates "urban water" and a related issue: public water services, including public water supply, sewage collection and treatment, and storm water control, had previously become a policy sector separate from water resource allocation issues thanks to water transport and treatment technologies. Large metropolitan areas today cannot take nature for granted anymore, and they need to protect water resources, if only to reduce the long term cost of transporting and treating water. In this paper, we compare the historical development of water services in European and Brazilian metropolitan areas, placing the technological developments in their geographic, socio-economic and political contexts. Our frame is to follow the successive contributions of civil engineering, sanitary engineering, and environmental engineering: the "quantity of water" and civil engineering paradigm allowed to mobilise water in and out of the city, and up the hills or the floors; in the "water quality" and chemical/sanitary engineering paradigm, water treatment gave more freedom to cities to take water from rivers closer to them, but also to reduce sewer discharge impacts; lastly, the environmental engineering paradigm proposes to overcome the supply side perspective, by introducing demand side management, water conservation, water allocation flexibilisation, and an integrated approach to water services, water resources management, and land use policies.
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Yuriev, Yuri, Konstantin Katerinin, Oleg Konovalov, Dmitry Shchitov, and Pavel Sidyakin. "Engineering solution, increasing the environmental safety of water industry enterprises." E3S Web of Conferences 281 (2021): 09008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128109008.

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Drainage systems are one of the most important types of engineering equipment providing the necessary sanitary and hygienic conditions for the population life and the safe operation of industrial enterprises. A necessary condition for the long-term and reliable operation of water intake facilities (hereinafter WIF) is their effective protection against corrosion caused by various factors. Search for new engineering solutions to solve the problem of corrosion and biofouling on WIF is relevant at the moment, as it gives an opportunity to provide effective protection of WIF metal surfaces, which is directly related to the increase in the environmental performance of water enterprises.
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Schmitt, F., and C. F. Seyfried. "Sulfate Reduction in Sewer Sediments." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 8 (April 1, 1992): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0182.

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The Institute of Sanitation Engineering and Waste Management of the University of Hannover made investigations on sediments in sanitary sewers. These were aimed to assess how sediments influence the sewer environment, with regard especially to water quality, gas atmosphere and corrosion progress. The sulfate reduction from sediments could be determined. It was 82 % higher than the reduction rate of biofilm. A prediction of sulfate reduction with equations from biofilm theory is possible. The biologically active sediment layer for sulfate reduction has a thickness of 5 to 7.5 cm. The sulfide formation in a large sanitary sewer in Hannover depends only on water temperature with a correlation of 91 %.
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Kollatsch, Dirk-Th, and J. Bünzel. "Detention of Sanitary Sewage as a Method to Reduce Combined Sewer Overflow Pollution Loads." Water Science and Technology 24, no. 6 (September 1, 1991): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0160.

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Sanitary sewage yields the basic and most important pollution load diverted to receiving waters during combined sewer overflow (CSO). To reduce overflow pollution loads, it is proposed to store waste water in sanitary sewage detention tanks (SST). For high efficiency those SSTs should be filled and emptied by pumps or gates, operated by control devices. Control strategies have to be worked out depending on different situations and parameters (catchment, rain and flow characteristics).
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Di Berardino, S. E. "Water and sanitation management in medieval Portugal." Water Supply 18, no. 2 (July 10, 2017): 630–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2017.132.

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Abstract Water and sanitation played a crucial role in the evolution of Portugal and its empire, which in the sixteenth century dominated large portions of the world. Two relevant civilizations, the Roman Empire and the Arab invasion, had great influence on Portugal's water and sanitation knowledge. Following the creation of Portugal in AD 1143, the Cistercian order was called for removing Arab influence and received large domains, where it built large monasteries, all provided with remarkable examples of water supply, sanitation and waste management, merging the Roman background in sanitary engineering with the local Arab experience. One of them, the Monastery of Christ in Tomar, is provided with a brilliant water and waste self-sustainable system, based on rainwater collection and storage, wastewater treatment and application in agriculture of treated waste and effluent. It testifies to the experience and innovative expertise of the Cistercian Order in sanitary/hydraulic engineering. It shows also one of the world's first examples of a wastewater treatment plant. Their knowledge influenced also the lifestyle and water management of Portuguese medieval cities, ruled by municipalism, and protected the population from pestilence until the first half of the fourteenth century, making Portugal a powerful country, in contrast with the rest of Europe.
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Kim, Tae Jin. "Water Rights Related to Water Supplies and Uses." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 21, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2021.21.4.211.

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As human development and urbanization progress, concepts of water rights for water use have been applied to water consumption for managing human life. The water cycle can be divided into natural and artificial water cycles, whereas water rights can be divided into water supply and water use rights for humans and nature. In this paper, the relationships between the river act, dam construction act, sanitary act, sewerage act, forest resource act, and other acts and water rights corresponding to water-right categories and government ministries are summarized and organized. In addition, the legal inclusive scope and redefinition of water rights are proposed. The results of this study can be applied to river and reservoir engineering models based on water rights in residential areas.
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Suzdaleva, Antonina, Anna Hirsch, and Maria Kuchkina. "Ecological engineering of small urban water bodies." E3S Web of Conferences 157 (2020): 02026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015702026.

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The ecological and sanitary epidemiological condition of small urban water bodies is an important factor in ensuring safety in urbanized areas of the technosphere. All modern small urban water bodies are naturaltechnical systems that can be uncontrollable or controllable. In managed natural-technical systems, favorable environmental conditions are formed as a result of the operation of special engineering devices and systems called ecological regulators. Their creation and ensuring sustainable existence are the main goal of ecological engineering of small urban water bodiesThe choice of a strategy for the environmental engineering of water bodies should be determined on the basis of a prognostic assessment of the possibility of improving or maintaining its positive functions: videoecological, recreational, biotopical potential, and also cultural, historical or religious significance. In addition, it is necessary to take into account public opinion, which can be changed by disseminating positive information about the goals of the proposed activity (active ecological image-making). The issue of organizing long-term technical maintenance of ecological regulators and monitoring of natural-technical systems of water bodies is being considered. The paper provides a classification of small urban water bodies and a generalized scheme of their ecological engineering. The necessity of an interdisciplinary approach to decision making and the development of syncretic thinking in this area is substantiated.
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Schilling, W., and E. Hagen. "Project-based learning in sanitary engineering - preliminary conclusions after three years' experience." Water Science and Technology 41, no. 2 (January 1, 2000): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0046.

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The paper describes an ongoing study based on the mandatory “Sanitary Engineering Basic Course” that was taught for third year environmental engineering students at the University of Science and Technology in Trondheim, Norway (NTNU) in the spring semesters of 1997, 1998 and 1999. The focus is on teaching and learning methodology (i.e. traditional individual frontal lecture-based versus project-based in groups). Experience shows that project-based learning (PBL) is a suitable teaching method. PBL challenges the students to stay active throughout the semester and thus results in higher learning efficiency. Simultaneously, both students and teachers need to use more time. Technical skills (“design calculations”) were not improved, but students clearly developed project management skills (communication, organisation, group work, etc.).
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Djebbar, Y., and P. T. Kadota. "Estimating sanitary flows using neural networks." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 10 (November 1, 1998): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0404.

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The estimation of sanitary sewer flows is required to effectively plan, design, build, operate, and maintain sewerage facilities. Existing flow estimation methods are crude and often not intended to represent actual conditions but rather to act as guidelines, often for design purposes. This study proposes a neural network approach to estimating actual sanitary flows under dry weather conditions. Development as well as validation showed the neural network model to produce results with an average error less than 16% when compared to measured data.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Water and sanitary engineering"

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D'Costa, Laura. "Development of Source and Treated Water Quality Indicators for drinking water in Canada from conceptual design to methodological development." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27972.

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In September 2005, Health Canada took on the development of a Source Water Quality Indicator for Canada. The main objective was to develop a methodology by which source water quality could be linked to public health, the environment, society, and economy; and measured, tracked, and reported in the form of an indicator for decision making. A Treated Water Quality Indicator was also introduced to bridge the gap between source water quality and human health. With Federal/Provincial/Territorial and academic support, research into the approach and development of a conceptual design, parameter selection rationale, and two tools for the indicator calculations, along with recommendations for future work were completed. The tools developed included a modified Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment water quality index calculator, and a Treatability Ranking tool (that determined the complexity of treatment required to achieve safe drinking water). The results of this project are described herein.
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Sipos, Cristian. "Inventory, condition assessment and diagnosis water supply and sewage systems." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99539.

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This project describes a methodology for developing a digitized GIS-based inventory of underground municipal utilities, and recommends an approach for developing a database, which will assist with considerably improved management of buried systems and effective use of limited available resources. The study also discusses the water and sewer infrastructure debt and the total infrastructure debt in Canada. Some other issues related to the Canadian water infrastructure, such as water pricing and consumption patterns, along with the deterioration mechanisms of the underground services, are also discussed. The study focuses on the main services of water supply and sewage systems in any Canadian municipality, which presently are in an advanced state of deterioration. The steps required to develop such an inventory are reviewed and suggestions are made for condition assessment of the system using non-destructive techniques, employing simple methods, as well as more sophisticated tests in critical sectors, where further investigation is required. These methods are also summarily revised.
The underground infrastructure of the McGill Downtown Campus is summarily described; it comprises the various underground features which exist in a small community, e.g. water-supply and sewage system, electrical lines, gas pipelines, telecommunication networks, etc., which are similar with Montreal's underground services, in terms of age, materials employed, workmanship and technologies available over the past 175 to 200 years. The framework for the underground infrastructure inventory is proposed for implementation in a small community such as the McGill Downtown Campus.
The long-term goal of the project is to extrapolate the McGill "model", and to enhance it such that the municipalities in Canada can implement it as a basis for development of GIS-based inventories and condition assessment, and prioritization for effective management of underground services, which include scheduling, financing and implementation of repair, rehabilitation and replacement of underground and other infrastructure.
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Do, Minh T. "Chlorination disinfection by-products in drinking water and risk of pancreatic cancer." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6258.

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This thesis studied the effect of chlorination disinfection by-products (CDBPs) in drinking water on the risk of developing pancreatic cancer. The study was based on the case-control component of the National Enhanced Cancer Surveillance System. Incident cases and frequency-matched population controls recruited between 1994 and 1997 from six Canadian provinces were used to estimate pancreatic cancer risks associated with exposure to CDBPs. Residence history collected from subjects was linked to two sources of water quality data to estimate historical exposure. The first source provided a lifetime average estimate of known exposure to trihalomethane (THM), bromodichloromethane (BDCM), and chloroform (TCM), while the second provided residence-specific estimates of THM exposure. Adjusted risk estimates were based on the most recent 30 years of exposure with missing data imputed using Observed Control Mean Imputation. Overall, no consistent significant increase (or decrease) in pancreatic cancer risks was observed with 30-year exposure to THM, BDCM, and TCM after adjusting for potential confounders.
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Grosso, Laura Margaret. "Computing collaboration : a study of the potential of model building to facilitate urban water supply planning in selected cities of Zimbabwe, Estonia, and Sweden /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10804.

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Goh, Jung Hean. "Real time water pipes leak detection using electromagnetic waves for the water industry." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2011. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/6013/.

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This project concerns the use of an electromagnetic sensor for the detection of leaks/cracks in water pipes. As old metal pipes corrode they start to become brittle, resulting in the potential for cracks to appear in the pipes. In addition corrosion can build up resulting in a restricted flow of water in the pipe. Using an electromagnetic (EM) wave sensor to monitor the signal reflected from the pipes in real time, provides the necessary information to determine where a leak in the pipe has occurred. Analysis of the reflected signal can provide the operator with information about the condition and position of a leak within the pipe. This is the first time research has been carried using EM waves for leak detection in water pipelines. This project involves the design and construction of an EM sensor operating at frequencies in the range of 240MHz to 560MHz, and at a power of OdBm. The sensor is launched into the water pipeline through any existing hydrant and is moved along the pipeline to check for leaks. The simulation software High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) was used to model the pipe section as a circular waveguide cavity, and also for antenna simulation. The monopole and loop antenna were designed to determine the best antenna for this project. The printed circuit board (PCB) design package Eagle was used to provide the surface mount layout for the sensor, and the PCB board was fabricated by using a computer numerical control (CNC) routing machine. Finally the graphical interface package LabVIEW was used to control the frequency sweep for the sensor and to capture the data from the sensor. Based on the findings of this project, the EM wave sensor could be used to determine a leak up to a 0.9 correlation limit using low cost RF electronic devices.
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Banat, Fawzi Ahmed. "Membrane distillation for desalination and removal of volatile organic compounds from water." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28670.

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Membrane distillation, a process in which vapor from a liquid feed passes through the pores of a hydrophobic membrane, was investigated as a possible technique for desalination and for the removal of ethanol, acetone and benzene from water. Three different membrane modules were used in the experiments examining the impact of operating variables upon permeate flux and quality. A mathematical model was developed and validated for the membrane distillation process.
In the desalination study, two modules with built-in condensing surfaces were used for conducting experiments on flat membrane sheets. The quality of the permeate, quantified by conductivity measurements, and the permeate flux were monitored as feed concentration, feed temperature, feed flow rate, cooling temperature, and cooling water flow rate were varied. The effect of the distance between the membrane and condensing surface was investigated by adjusting the air gap within one of the modules. The feed streams tested included sodium chloride solutions and artificial seawater. The membrane materials used were PVDF and PTFE. At optimal conditions, fluxes as high as 26 kg/m$ sp2$hr were obtained. In all experiments, the rejection factor was above 95.5%.
A flat-sheet cross-flow module was used to study the separation of dilute solutions of ethanol and acetone. The same operating parameters tested in the desalination experiments were varied for ethanol and acetone feeds. The upper feed concentrations tested were limited by the risk of membrane wetting to 10 wt% ethanol and 6 wt% acetone. Within the feed temperature range of $40 sp circ$C to $70 sp circ$C, ethanol selectivities of 2 to 3.5 and acetone selectivities of 2 to 6 were achieved. The maximum fluxes obtained were 2.15 kg/m$ sp2$hr for ethanol permeate and 2 kg/m$ sp2$hr for acetone permeate.
A mathematical model, based on first principles of heat and mass transfer, was developed and validated on the desalination, ethanol, and acetone experimental data. Good agreement between experimental and predicted values was obtained with the model version incorporating temperature and concentration polarization.
The possibility of using vacuum membrane distillation for treating water contaminated with volatile organic compounds was investigated by using benzene as a model compound. An experimental unit with polypropylene membrane tubes fitted within a polypropylene shell was used in the tests. Dilute benzene solutions were pumped through the lumen of tubular membranes while vacuum was applied to the shell side. The data obtained by varying operating conditions was analyzed in terms of the overall mass transfer coefficient based on the film theory. A comparison between the effectiveness of membrane distillation and air-stripping was drawn based on a published case study. The experimental unit with tubular membranes failed to compete but extrapolations to higher membrane contact areas showed promise for hollow fiber modules.
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Kin, Kon-Tsu 1964. "Oxidation of trace organic impurities in ultrapure water by UV and ozone." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282177.

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In this dissertation, the chemical oxidation of trace organic impurities by the treatment of UV light alone, ozone alone, and the combination of UV light and ozone in ultrapure water is discussed. Eighteen model compounds are chosen as the representative organic contaminants. Significant synergistic removal effect by the oxidation of the combination of UV light and ozone has been observed on all model compounds except for trichloroethylene, benzoic acid, and methionine. The removal efficiency by the oxidation of the combined treatment is observed to be greater than that by the oxidation of UV light alone or ozone alone for all model organics. Based on the same injected amount of contaminants over a given period of time, it is shown that the amount of leftover material after one cycle in the loop in a run with ozone injection is lower than that in a run without ozone injection for most compounds. The photolytic ozonation improves the TOC removal efficiency not only on the UV unit, but also on the loop removal performance. The chemistry, advantages and disadvantages of all those three oxidative methods are discussed. The mechanisms of oxidative reaction for the UV/ozone interactions and of ion exchange in the deionized tank are proposed. The rate coefficient of each reaction for model compound is determined by fitting the model prediction to the experimental data. The metrology for modeling the whole ultrapure water system has been established. The mathematical derivations for that metrology are given. For the purpose of paving the road for the reuse of rinsing wastewater, three cases simulating TOC dynamic responses are discussed, and the chemistry between HCl and organics under the treatment of UV light alone is studied. The combined UV/ozone reaction has been proven to be a better way in removing organic contaminants in terms of particles population number density. The mathematical equation of particle size reduction with its breakage rate and fragmentation distribution function is proposed and validated with the experimental data. It is concluded that the surface erosion is the pathway of size reduction when organic particles are oxidized.
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Glanvill, Sarah Jane Marie. "Atmospheric corrosion of AA2024 in ocean water environments." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8554/.

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Observations of atmospheric corrosion on aluminium alloy AA2024-T3 were made within droplets of NaCl solution and simulated ASTM ocean water. High speed in-situ synchrotron X-ray tomography has been used to observe the initiation and propagation of corrosion sites. Tomographic scans had a temporal resolution of 300s per full tomographic scan, providing a non-destructive visualisation of corrosion. Sites initiate at numerous surface morphologies, including at intermetallic inclusions, under surface deposits and salt crystals, and also at sites with no obvious micron-scale microstructural features. It was observed that corrosion sites grow discontinuously and inhomogeneously when conditions are constant, consistent with bursts of dissolution followed by some repassivation. The nature of corrosion products was investigated with Raman spectroscopy and EDX. The dominant corrosion product was Dawsonite for both droplet solutions, however the distribution of corrosion products differed between the two types of droplet. NaCl droplets spread more, resulting in fewer, larger corrosion sites. ASTM ocean water droplets showed multiple small corrosion sites within the droplet owing to the presence of Hydrotalcite around the droplet perimeter. Corrosion development under wet-dry cycling conditions was different for NaCl and ASTM ocean water droplets. Under NaCl droplets, no growth or initiation was observed during “dry” phases. However, ASTM ocean water remains partially wet in “dry” periods as some of the salt constituents in ASTM ocean water remain hydrated. As a consequence, corrosion site growth is able to continue.
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Junaidi, Haroon. "Optimized solar water heater for Scottish weather conditions." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2007. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/3799.

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The ICSSWH (Integrated Collector Storage Solar Water Heater), apart from being the oldest is also the most economical means of solar water heating. The effect of modifications in the collector geometry has frequently appeared in the literature, and over the time, has resulted in different designs. These designs differ mainly on the site of installation as well as the target application. A novel design created by Professor T Muneer at Napier University, utilizes fins inside the storage tank to improve the heat transfer. The reported field tests of the fin type ICSSWH have indicated a 10 % improvement in the solar fraction compared to unfinned. As ICSSWH is the lowest cost, it presented a possible solution for the Scottish market where Energy Saving Trust estimates that 50% of hot water demand of a household can be met through solar water heating. In the present research program, two prototype collectors (one with- and one without fins) were fabricated at Napier University by the author. The collectors were then tested in the laboratory on identical experimental schemes to determine their respective performance. Simulations based on analytical modelling were then undertaken, using numerous experimental data for validation that were obtained during the course of the present work. A high degree of conformance was noted between the two. Furthermore, for a deeper insight, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis was performed. This research focuses on the qualitative and quantitative assessment of the heat transfer due to the fins. The difference in the performance with respect to the change in tilt angle was also studied. This study can therefore be utilised for developing solar water heating systems for any given location. Note that there is an intrinsic link between the latitude and inclination angle of the collector plate. The nocturnal loss from the collector is the principal factor that has inhibited the wide spread use of the ICSSWH. The remedies to abate this problem have therefore been attempted. In addition to that, the collectors have to be integrated with the domestic hot water supply system and plumbing considerations have to be incorporated within the overall design. The supply circuits were worked out and the measures for freeze and boil protection were devised. The optimization of any system is an intrinsic task particularly when several variables are involved. On the basis of the obtained results from simulations and experiments, the influential design variables were identified. The values for these variables which lead to the optimal design in terms of thermal performance were assessed while keeping the overall manufacturing cost of the collector as low as possible. Recommendations for future work have also been presented.
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Xie, Mingyu. "Model predictive control of water quality in drinking water distribution systems considering disinfection by-products." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7207/.

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The shortage in water resources have been observed all over the world. However, the safety of drinking water has been given much attention by scientists because the disinfection will react with organic matters in drinking water to generate disinfection by-products (DBPs) which are considered as the cancerigenic matters. Although much research has been carried out on the water quality control problem in DWDS, the water quality model considered is linear with only chlorine dynamics. Compared to the linear water quality model, the nonlinear water quality model considers the interaction between chlorine and DBPs dynamics. The thesis proposes a nonlinear model predictive controller which utilises the newly derived nonlinear water quality model as a control alternative for controlling water quality. EPANET and EPANET-MSN are simulators utilised for modelling in the developed nonlinear MPC controller. Uncertainty is not considered in these simulators. This thesis proposes the bounded PPM in a form of multi-input multi-output to robustly bound parameters of chlorine and DBPs jointly and to robustly predict water quality control outputs for quality control purpose. The methodologies and algorithms developed in this thesis are verified by applying extended case studies to the example DWDS. The simulation results are presented and critically analysed.
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Books on the topic "Water and sanitary engineering"

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Kamala, A. Environmental engineering: Water supply, sanitary engineering and pollution. New Delhi: Tata-McGraw Hill, 1988.

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1943-, Swaffield J. A., ed. Water, sanitary and waste services for buildings. 5th ed. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2002.

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Wise, Alan F. E. Water, sanitary, and waste services for buildings. 4th ed. New York: Longman Scientific & Technical, 1995.

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Wise, Alan F. E. Water, sanitary and waste services for buildings. 4th ed. Harlow: Longman, 1995.

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Han, Sang-bok. Water supply and sanitation in Korean communities. [Seoul]: Population and Development Studies Center, Seoul National University, 1988.

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Inc, ebrary, ed. Basic environmental engineering. New Delhi: New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers, 2008.

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Gage, Tony. Sanitation and water supply handbook. Delhi: University Publications, 2012.

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Programme, WaterAid (Organization) India Country. Drinking water and sanitation status in India: Coverage, financing, and emerging concerns. New Delhi: WaterAid India, 2005.

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Cairncross, Sandy. Sanitation and water supply: Practical lessons from the decade. Washington, DC (1818 H St., NW, Washington 20433): International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, World Bank, 1992.

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Beyer, Martin G. Water and sanitation in UNICEF, 1946-1986. [New York?]: United Nations Children's Fund, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Water and sanitary engineering"

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Shafer, Wade H. "Sanitary Engineering, Water Pollution and Water Resources." In Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences, 266–79. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5782-8_41.

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Shafer, Wade H. "Sanitary Engineering, Water Pollution and Resources." In Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences, 309–16. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5969-6_40.

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Shafer, Wade H. "Sanitary Engineering, Water Pollution and Resources." In Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences, 354–63. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2453-3_42.

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Shafer, Wade H. "Sanitary Engineering, Water Pollution and Resources." In Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences, 392–401. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1969-0_42.

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Shafer, Wade H. "Sanitary Engineering, Water Pollution and Resources." In Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences, 381–90. Boston, MA: Springer New York, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7388-3_42.

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Shafer, Wade H. "Sanitary Engineering, Water Pollution and Resources." In Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences, 358–66. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7391-3_42.

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Shafer, Wade H. "Sanitary Engineering, Water Pollution and Resources." In Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences, 398–404. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7394-4_42.

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Shafer, Wade H. "Sanitary Engineering, Water Pollution and Resources." In Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences, 343–52. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3412-9_42.

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Shafer, Wade H. "Sanitary Engineering, Water Pollution and Resources." In Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences, 386–95. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3474-7_42.

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Shafer, Wade H. "Sanitary Engineering, Water Pollution and Resources." In Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences, 320–26. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2832-6_42.

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Conference papers on the topic "Water and sanitary engineering"

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Schulwitz, M., and T. Hillenbrand. "Small-scale modelling of urban structure types for the cost evaluation in sanitary environmental engineering." In URBAN WATER 2016. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/uw160091.

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Lai, Fu-hsiung, Richard Field, Chi-Yuan Fan, and Daniel Sullivan. "Collection System Modeling for Planning/Design of Sanitary Sewer Overflow (SSO) Control." In Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)39.

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Sciacovelli, Adriano, Vittorio Verda, and Stefano Mauro. "Second Law Analysis Optimal Design of a Mixer for Sanitary Water." In ASME 2014 12th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2014-20504.

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In this work, entropy generation analysis is used in the search for the optimal design of a mixer for sanitary water. An innovative design of the device is considered: hot water and cold water enter a manifold from five orifices, which opening is controlled by actuators, depending on the requested mass flow rate and average temperature. The design variables are the position of the various orifices, which are modified in order to minimize the mixing length and response time of the device, as well as the global pressure losses. Analysis is conducted using a thermofluid dynamic model which includes continuity, momentum and energy equations, that are solved using a commercial code. Results are then used to calculate the entropy generation distribution, in order to properly consider the various sources of irreversibilities, some of which are necessary (thermal mixing) and some undesired (pressure losses).
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Meholick, James G. "Heat Exchanger Application and Theory." In ASME 1989 Citrus Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cec1989-3505.

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One of the most basic duties in the processing of fruit juices and drinks involves the economical, sanitary heating or cooling of products. These may be liquids or fluids of high viscosity or those containing particulate matter or pulp. The most commonly used forms of heat transfer equipment for these duties are the plate and tubular heat exchangers. Each is available in many different configurations and designs. Each is tailored to perform a variety of process duties while reducing fuel, water, and power consumption in keeping with the urgent need for better management of natural resources. Paper published with permission.
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Nangpal, Ashok. "CIP Systems: Design and Functions." In ASME 2000 Citrus Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cec2000-4606.

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Centralization of production facilities to increase productivity has led to plants with astronomical capacities. This development poses difficult tasks of respecting sanitary production and cleaning procedures. Cleaning Systems form an integrated part of modern production plants and are key elements to increase productivity. Automated CIP Systems deliver solutions at consistent flow rates, temperatures and at the appropriate concentration to a specific part of the plant. Total CIP effectiveness cannot be attributed solely to these parameters, as the plant design characteristics plays a vital role. Choice of components used, piping design and cleaning procedures implemented contribute to the overall performance of a cleaning process and are instrumental in reducing the quantity, COD and BOD values of waste-water generated. The following presentation outlines modern principles of CIP systems and the influence of plant design characteristics to improve the overall cleaning efficiency and increase productivity. Paper published with permission.
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Gogol, Elina V., Guzel I. Gumerova, and Olga S. Egrova. "Approaches to Assessment and Hazard Identification of Dioxins." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.021.

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In the Russian practice in the framework of environmental regulation sanitary measurements to assess the toxicity of the objects of the environment, which are based on the determination of standardized components concentrations and comparing them with the limit value, are widely used. But this approach doesn’t allow assessing the degree of biological hazards for organisms. The biotesting method has been considered for assessing the safety of dioxin-like compounds. Dioxins can be formed out of control in the environment. Ultraviolet radiation accelerates the formation of dioxins, as it enhances the ability of a chemical reaction of chlorine. This phenomenon is well known in Russia, where the chlorination is a standard procedure of water treatment and disinfection of drinking water, and control of the content of chlorophenols is an optional procedure. Simulation of the formation of dioxins in the process of chlorination of water, containing phenolic compounds, was carried out. Process of dioxins transformation in living systems to more toxic metabolites has been described. Enzymes that are involved in detoxification of dioxins have been identified. According to the results of bioassay danger of water samples, containing dioxins, is underestimated, since it doesn’t take into account specific features of metabolism of dioxins in living organisms. Under the action of enzymes in the cells the less toxic compounds can be converted into the more toxic in terms of carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. The system of determination of the dioxin toxic equivalency factor doesn’t account for it. Thus, during determination of danger of xenobiotics in living organisms we should move away from the determination of acute toxicity and focus on the processes that are started by enzyme systems when a toxicant gets into cells of living organisms.
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Ruiz-Casanova, Eduardo, Carlos Rubio-Maya, Ana Laura Soto-Sánchez, Crisanto Mendoza-Covarrubias, and Jesús Martínez-Patiño. "Feasibility Analysis of a Hybrid Photovoltaic/Thermal Cogeneration System for Domestic Applications." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-67093.

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A PV/T hybrid system is able to simultaneously produce electricity and heat from solar radiation. The feasibility of implementing PV/T systems depends primarily on climatic and economic characteristics of locations where are planned to be placed. Particularly in Mexico, there are only a few studies in the scientific literature which report the feasibility of using such innovative systems. Therefore, in this work the development of a techno-economic study is presented aiming to predict the performance and feasibility of implementation of this type of hybrid systems. Firstly, a PV/T system was designed to partially cover the needs of electricity and hot sanitary water in the domestic sector (considering a house of four inhabitants). Then, PV/T hybrid system operation was simulated using TRNSYS software over a full year using data from a typical meteorological year (TMY) of Morelia city (Michoacan State). Finally, an economic analysis was conducted, estimating the inherent cash flows and computing some economic indicators to determine the feasibility of implementation of PV/T system adapted to Mexican economic conditions. The simulation results show that the proposed system consisting of 1.55 m2 of collection area, will annually produce 1480.95 kWh and 393.57 kWh of thermal and electrical energy, respectively. The system is able to meet up to 51.2% of thermal energy and 29.2% of the electricity needed. The system reaches a total efficiency of 57.48%. The results of economic analysis indicate that in optimistic case, the proposed system has a simple payback period of 6.62 years, a net present value of $2129.0 Mexican pesos, and an internal rate of return of 14%, showing economic feasibility. The results show the great potential of the use of the hybrid PV/T systems for domestic water heating and electric production at particular locations in Mexico.
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Yalcin, Derya, Kevin Lansey, Richard Sloan, Robert G. Decker, and Jon C. Schladweiler. "Detecting Sanitary Sewer Overflows." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2003. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40685(2003)63.

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Mastropasqua, Luca, Stefano Campanari, Gianluca Valenti, Anna Guariniello, Stefano Modena, and Francesco Ghigliazza. "Testing and Preliminary Modelling of a 2.5 kW Micro-CHP SOFC Unit." In ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology collocated with the ASME 2016 Power Conference and the ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2016-59327.

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The experimental activities, carried out at the Laboratory of Micro-Cogeneration (LMC) of the Department of Energy at Politecnico di Milano are hereby outlined in relation to the testing of four 2.5 kWel AC SOFC-based micro-CHP units developed by SOLIDpower S.p.a. The novelty of the work consists in carrying out a complete thermodynamic and environmental performance characterisation of the studied commercial system in a third-party laboratory. The main objectives of the experimental campaign have been the investigation and assessment of the electric and heat recovery performances in different cogeneration thermal power demand loads. The generator has been tested in five different thermal loads, whilst operated at full electric load, in order to simulate the coupling with thermal appliances of diverse nature. The cogeneration water inlet temperature has been varied from 20°C (as in more complex cogeneration systems which may envisage a thermal storage and additional pre-heating section) to 50°C (as for district heating purposes or heating of sanitary water). Each measurement has been acquired with a redundant approach for statistical purposes aiming to the reduction of uncertainty and to guarantee procedure robustness. Moreover, the design point experimental characterisation has been supported by an overall process calibration and simulation performed by means of an in-house software (GS), developed at the Department of Energy. Each component has been modelled using a 0D approach, such that the required mass and energy balances of the plant can be compared with those obtained from the experimental activity. In conclusion, the overall performances have met the expectations, being characterised by a net electric efficiency of approximately 39% and a total efficiency which may overcome 95%.
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Avery, Richard E. "Sanitary Welding Standards." In ASME 2000 Citrus Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cec2000-4605.

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Austenitic stainless steel tube and pipe systems are a vital part of today’s sanitary (hygienic) processing facilities. Product contact surface welds in the tubular systems usually cannot be ground or conditioned, so it is essential that the as-welded surfaces are suitable for cleaning-in-place (CIP). The American Welding Society AWS Dl8 Committee was formed in respond to the request by the 3-A Sanitary Standards Committee for help in preparing welding standards for use in the manufacture and construction of dairy and food product processing plants. The 3-A Sanitary Standards Committees develop and promulgate sanitary design standards for dairy and food processing, packaging and handling equipment and systems. AWS D18.1:1999 Specification for Welding of Austenitic Stainless Steel Tube and Pipe Systems in Sanitary (Hygienic) Applications developed covers the requirements for gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) or TIG welding as it is also known, of austenitic stainless steel tube and pipe 1/4 in. (6 mm) diameter and larger. Sanitary processing systems is intended to include those systems handling products for human and animal consumption. Such products include dairy, meat, poultry, vegetable, beverage, and other products consumed by humans and animals. The paper also includes design and operation guidelines that have proven useful to engineers and users of austenitic stainless steel piping systems. Paper published with permission.
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Reports on the topic "Water and sanitary engineering"

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Simmons, F. M. Recommendation for sanitary waste water system replacement, 222-S. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10104997.

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Scholze, Richard J., and Hany H. Zaghloul. Assessment of SCADA Technology Applications to Automate U.S. Army Water and Wastewater Sanitary Systems. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada398730.

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Balke, B. K. Plutonium discharges to the sanitary sewer: Health impacts at the Livermore Water Reclamation Plant. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10158263.

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Hunacek, G. S., and S. S. Gahir. KE Basin water dispositioning engineering study. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10187841.

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AVI P C CHEYENNE WY. Sanitary Sewer Master Plan and Preliminary Drainage Study for the South Cheyenne Water and Sewer District. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada269179.

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CORPS OF ENGINEERS WASHINGTON DC. Engineering and Design: Management of Water Control Systems. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada403293.

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Simon, A., W. Daily, and R. White. Hydrogen and Water: An Engineering, Economic and Environmental Analysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1010388.

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CORPS OF ENGINEERS WASHINGTON DC. Engineering and Design: Management of Water Control Data Systems. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada404110.

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Sehlke, G. The Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory Source Water Assessment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/809076.

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CORPS OF ENGINEERS WASHINGTON DC. Engineering and Design: Trace Organic Compounds in Potable Water Supplies. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada403497.

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