Journal articles: 'Water allocation'

1

Luo, Wei, Yang Zhang, and Zhen Tang. "Three-Steps Allocation Model of Water Utilization Based on Synergy Theory: Take Y City for Example." Applied Mechanics and Materials 733 (February 2015): 317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.733.317.

Full text

Abstract:

In view of lack of systemic analysis on the optimization of water utilization structure and water allocation, the paper construct three-step allocation model of water utilization based on synergy theory. In the first step, identifying optimal allocation of domestic water, industrial water, agricultural water, ecological and environmental water with the synergy among the different purposes. In the second step, giving reasonable weight of different types of water using unit with the synergy among the different subjects. In the third step, allocating different demand of water using units in different months with the synergy among the different time. Finally, take the allocation of water in Y city in 2015 for example, we give the analog allocations of the model.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Evans, Keith S., Caroline L. Noblet, Emma Fox, Kathleen P. Bell, and Abigail Kaminski. "Public acceptance of coastal zone management efforts: The role of citizen preferences in the allocation of funds." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 46, no. 2 (July 24, 2017): 268–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/age.2017.9.

Full text

Abstract:

We investigate allocation of funds by citizens across management options addressing impairments to coastal water quality. We study systematic variation in citizen allocation of funds to adaptive versus preventative strategies including the impact of referundum choices and test whether allocations will be impacted by cuing in the design of the referendum. Two key policy insights from our results: citizens who votenoon a water quality referendum have different preferences over allocating funds and providing cues to voters influenced allocation behavior. These results can assist decision makers in thinking about language used to communicate coastal water quality issues, particularly budget referenda.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Degefu, Dagmawi Mulugeta, Weijun He, and Jian Hua Zhao. "Transboundary water allocation under water scarce and uncertain conditions: a stochastic bankruptcy approach." Water Policy 19, no. 3 (December 28, 2016): 479–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2016.031.

Full text

Abstract:

Designing a feasible and stable water sharing mechanism for transboundary river basins is a big challenge. The stochastic and uncertain characteristics of water flow in these rivers is among the main reasons which make the formation of cooperative coalitions with feasible water allocations and self-enforceable allocation agreements difficult. When the water in these river basins is scarce the task becomes even more challenging. This article focuses on the application of stochastic game theoretic extension of the bankruptcy concept to transboundary water resource sharing under water scarce and uncertain conditions. Among the water allocation vectors obtained from stochastic bankruptcy rules only the ones from the stochastic constrained equal awards rule were self-enforcing under uncertainty. Furthermore, the authors also proposed an allocation rule that can be used under a stochastic setting. The proposed rule provides water allocations that are self-enforcing in the absence of uncertainty. Generally, the application of the stochastic bankruptcy approach could be a source of important strategic information which can serve for the sustainable sharing and management of these vital sources of fresh water, particularly during water scarcity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Zhou, S., Y. Huang, Y. Wei, and G. Wang. "Recasting catchment water balance for water allocation between human and environmental purposes." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 12, no. 1 (January 22, 2015): 911–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-911-2015.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Rebalancing water allocation between human consumptive uses and the environment in water catchments is a global challenge. The conventional water balance approach which partitions precipitation into evapotranspiration (ET) and surface runoff supports the optimization of water allocations among different human water use sectors under the cap of water supply. However, this approach is unable to support the emerging water management priority issue of allocating water between societal and ecological systems. This paper recast the catchment water balance by partitioning catchment total ET into ET for the society and ET for the natural ecological systems, and estimated the impacts of water allocation on the two systems in terms of gross primary productivity (GPP), in the Murray–Darling Basin (MDB) of Australia over the period 1900–2010. With the recast water balance, the more than 100 year water management in the MDB was divided into four periods corresponding to major changes in basin management: period 1 (1900–1956) expansion of water and land use by the societal system, period 2 (1956–1985) maximization of water and land use by the societal system, period 3 (1985–2002) maximization of water diversion for the societal system, and period 4 (2002–present) rebalancing of water and land use between the societal and ecological systems. The recast water balance provided new understandings of the water and land dynamics between societal and ecological systems in the MDB, and it highlighted the experiences and lessons of catchment water management in the MDB over the last more than 100 years. The recast water balance could serve as the theoretical foundation for water allocation to keep a dynamic balance between the societal and ecological systems within a basin for sustainable catchment development. It provides a new approach to advance the discipline of socio-hydrology.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Hope, R. A., J. W. Gowing, and G. P. W. Jewitt. "The contested future of irrigation in African rural livelihoods – analysis from a water scarce catchment in South Africa." Water Policy 10, no. 2 (April 1, 2008): 173–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2008.061.

Full text

Abstract:

Agricultural improvement is seen as essential for economic growth, poverty reduction and food security in Africa. However, with new and priority demands for water agricultural allocations have come under closer scrutiny, particularly under water scarcity. In post-apartheid South Africa equitable water allocation has become an emblematic policy goal consistent with the imperative to create a fairer society. Catchment managers are now responsible for water allocation decisions across multiple and competing social, economic, environmental and political priorities. This analysis explores these challenges based on a study in the Luvuvhu catchment, Limpopo Province, which comprised (i) socio-economic evaluation of people's livelihoods across 10 communities, (ii) hydrological modelling studies, and (iii) a detailed performance evaluation for one typical smallholder irrigation scheme. Findings from this study indicate that water allocation for smallholder irrigation provides expected income and food benefits for those with secure irrigation access. However, while increasing water allocation for smallholder irrigation may be argued to redress current inequitable distribution within the national irrigated agricultural sector, there is no convincing evidence to support allocating more water to smallholder irrigation schemes when viewed within the wider development challenges in the Luvuvhu catchment. It is argued that catchment managers should rather consider the hydrological and social benefits associated with improvements in dryland farming for increasing food security under water scarcity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Zhang, Qin, Shigeya Maeda, and Toshihiko Kawachi. "Optimal Allocation of Irrigation Water by Balancing Water Use and Food Production." Journal of Rainwater Catchment Systems 11, no. 1 (2005): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7132/jrcsa.kj00004364679.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Massarutto, Antonio. "Water pricing and full cost recovery of water services: economic incentive or instrument of public finance?" Water Policy 9, no. 6 (December 1, 2007): 591–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2007.024.

Full text

Abstract:

Neoclassical economists have advocated the use of pricing instruments as a fundamental tool for achieving sustainability of water systems and an efficient allocation of water resources. This idea has been accepted in worldwide agreed definitions of sustainability, where “full-cost recovery” is considered as a basic requirement. In this paper, we argue that water pricing (aiming at allocative objectives) and cost recovery can often be at odds, while prevalence of one or the other objective also depends on whether the main issue at stake is financing infrastructure development and maintenance, or rather allocating scarce water resources. Therefore, the two issues should be dealt with separately and require different approaches to pricing.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Hoekstra, Arjen, Ashok Chapagain, and Guoping Zhang. "Water Footprints and Sustainable Water Allocation." Sustainability 8, no. 1 (December 25, 2015): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su8010020.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Kaune, Alexander, Faysal Chowdhury, Micha Werner, and James Bennett. "The benefit of using an ensemble of seasonal streamflow forecasts in water allocation decisions." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 24, no. 7 (July 30, 2020): 3851–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3851-2020.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. The area to be cropped in irrigation districts needs to be planned according to the allocated water, which in turn is a function of the available water resource. Initially conservative estimates of future (in)flows in rivers and reservoirs may lead to unnecessary reduction of the water allocated. Though water allocations may be revised as the season progresses, inconsistency in allocation is undesirable to farmers as they may then not be able to use that water, leading to an opportunity cost in agricultural production. We assess the benefit of using reservoir inflow estimates derived from seasonal forecast datasets to improve water allocation decisions. A decision model is developed to emulate the feedback loop between simulated reservoir storage and water allocations to irrigated crops and is evaluated using inflow forecasts generated with the Forecast Guided Stochastic Scenarios (FoGSS) model, a 12-month ensemble streamflow forecasting system. Two forcings are used to generate the forecasts: ensemble streamflow prediction – ESP (historical rainfall) – and POAMA (calibrated rainfall forecasts from the POAMA climate prediction system). We evaluate the approach in the Murrumbidgee basin in Australia, comparing water allocations obtained with an expected reservoir inflow from FoGSS against the allocations obtained with the currently used conservative estimate based on climatology as well as against allocations obtained using observed inflows (perfect information). The inconsistency in allocated water is evaluated by determining the total changes in allocated water made every 15 d from the initial allocation at the start of the water year to the end of the irrigation season, including both downward and upward revisions of allocations. Results show that the inconsistency due to upward revisions in allocated water is lower when using the forecast datasets (POAMA and ESP) compared to the conservative inflow estimates (reference), which is beneficial to the planning of cropping areas by farmers. Overconfidence can, however, lead to an increase in undesirable downward revisions. This is more evident for dry years than for wet years. Over the 28 years for which allocation decisions are evaluated, we find that the accuracy of the available water estimates using the forecast ensemble improves progressively during the water year, especially 1.5 months before the start of the cropping season in November. This is significant as it provides farmers with additional time to make key decisions on planting. Our results show that seasonal streamflow forecasts can provide benefit in informing water allocation policies, particularly by earlier establishing final water allocations to farmers in the irrigation season. This allows them to plan better and use water allocated more efficiently.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Bakken, Tor Haakon, Ingunn Saur Modahl, Hanne Lerche Raadal, Ana Adeva Bustos, and Silje Arnøy. "Allocation of water consumption in multipurpose reservoirs." Water Policy 18, no. 4 (February 19, 2016): 932–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2016.009.

Full text

Abstract:

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources represented a benchmark in the assessment of water consumption from electricity production. The numbers for hydropower ranged from very low to much larger than the other renewable technologies, partly explained by methodological problems. One of the methodological shortcomings identified was the lack of guidance on how to allocate the water consumption rates in multipurpose reservoirs. This paper is, according to the authors’ knowledge, the first attempt to evaluate, test and propose a methodology for the allocation of water consumption from such reservoirs. We tested four different allocation methods in four different cases, all serving three to five functions, including drinking water supply, irrigation, flood control, industrial water, ecological flow and power generation. Based on our case studies we consider volume allocation to be the most robust approach for allocating water consumption between functions in multipurpose reservoirs. The spatial boundaries of the analysis should follow the boundaries of the hydraulic system. We recommend that data should preferably be gathered from one source for all functions, to ensure a consistent calculation approach. We believe the findings are relevant for similar allocation problems, such as allocation of energy investments and green-house gas emissions from multipurpose reservoirs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Chomba, M. J., T. Hill, B. A. Nkhata, and J. J. Förster. "Paradigms for water allocation in river basins: a society-science-practice perspective from Southern Africa." Water Policy 19, no. 4 (April 5, 2017): 637–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2017.130.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper seeks to complement ongoing discussions around water allocation by offering an analytic framework for examining the evolution of paradigms for water allocation in river basins. It traces this evolution from the hydraulic paradigm through to Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) and the current water security paradigm. Using a society-science-practice interaction perspective, the paper draws attention to the governance processes of water allocation that underlie these paradigms using examples from river basins in southern Africa. It is argued that the process of allocating water resources is often influenced by societal priorities and values that do not necessarily result in maintaining ecosystem health and integrity. The efficacy of water allocation depends on the extent to which implementation takes into account the socio-political dynamics associated with collective action involving multiple water users. While paradigm shifts provide windows of opportunity for strengthening legislation, the mere adoption of paradigms should not be taken as a panacea for addressing challenges associated with water allocation in river basins. This is especially relevant for several countries in southern Africa that are undertaking water reforms with the view of strengthening allocation of water resources at basin scale.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Zhang, Cheng-Yao, and Taikan Oki. "Optimal Multi-Sectoral Water Resources Allocation Based on Economic Evaluation Considering the Environmental Flow Requirements: A Case Study of Yellow River Basin." Water 13, no. 16 (August 18, 2021): 2253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13162253.

Full text

Abstract:

Competitions and disputes between various human water sectors and environmental flow of the river are exacerbated due to the rapid growth of the economy in Yellow River basin as well as the limited supply of available water resources in recent decades. It is necessary to implement rational and effective management and allocation to alleviate the pressure of water shortage. In order to promote economic development and maintain the ecological balance of the river, both the water allocation to the river environmental system and different human needs should be of concern when making the allocation polices. This study developed a water allocation model based on Nash–Harsanyi bargaining game theory for optimal water resources allocation among agricultural, industrial, domestic, public, and urban ecological water (watering for urban green space) sectors while ensuring the environmental flow requirements of lower reaches. A comprehensive economic evaluation framework is built to assess the economic benefits of different water uses that were taken as the basis of water allocation model. The annual environmental base flow is 7.50 billion m3 in the lower reaches of Yellow River. Moreover, the optimal annual allocations for agricultural, industrial, domestic, public, and urban ecological water use sectors are estimated as 33.7, 6.42, 3.96, 1.75 and 2.68 billion m3, respectively.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Alfarra, Amani, Eric Kemp Benedict, Heinz Hötzl, Nayif Sader, and Ben Sonneveld. "Modeling Water Supply and Demand for Effective Water Management Allocation in the Jordan Valley." Journal of Agricultural Science and Applications 01, no. 01 (March 30, 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.14511/jasa.2012.010101.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Just, Richard E., Sinaia Netanyahu, and John K. Horowitz. "Water pricing and water allocation in israel." Journal of Policy Reform 3, no. 2 (May 1999): 97–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13841289908523399.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Zhao, Jianming, Mo Li, Ping Guo, Chenglong Zhang, and Qian Tan. "Agricultural Water Productivity Oriented Water Resources Allocation Based on the Coordination of Multiple Factors." Water 9, no. 7 (July 5, 2017): 490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w9070490.

Full text

Abstract:

Agricultural water productivity (AWP), which is associated with multiple factors, is an important index for measuring the effectiveness of agricultural water management. The purpose of this study is to promote AWP through optimally allocating limited agricultural water resources with the coordination of related elements. Firstly, the coordination effects of multiple factors related to AWP are quantified as relative optimum membership degrees based on the fuzzy optimum selecting theory. Secondly, based on the relative optimum membership degrees for various crops, a linear fractional programming model is established to maximize AWP in agricultural water resources allocation. Thirdly, the impacts of the allocation schemes on the development of social-economy and ecological environment are discussed using the multi-dimensional regulation theory. The developed integrated system has advantages in increasing agricultural water productivity through the coordination of multiple factors with aspects of economy, society and resources. Moreover, the system is capable of screening schemes considering harmonious development of resources, economy, society and ecology based on optimization results, providing decision makers with more sustainable schemes for irrigation water allocation. The integrated system including the aforementioned three parts is applied to a real-world case study in China to demonstrate its feasibility and applicability. Different water allocation schemes for various crops under different scenarios were obtained. The average value of AWP is 1.85 kg/m3, which is 0.31 kg/m3 higher than the current value of AWP. An optimum scheme with 1.1405 × 108 m3 of water being allocated was also selected due to its highest level of coordination for resources, economy, society and ecology. The developed system can provide an effective method for AWP promotion. The obtained results can help local decision makers adjust water resources allocation schemes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Fu, Lei, Junmin Wang, Shiwu Wang, Hongxi Peng, and Zihan Gui. "Study of Water Resource Allocation and Optimization Considering Reclaimed Water in a Typical Chinese City." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (January 2, 2023): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010819.

Full text

Abstract:

Reclaimed water is considered to be an important alternative to freshwater to solve the imbalance between the supply and demand of regional water resources; it is also recognized as an effective tool for alleviating ecological problems caused by insufficient water flow. Yiwu City is a typical area experiencing a water shortage in southeastern China because the regional water resources are limited. In this study, the multiple water resource allocations in Yiwu City are optimized, the complex coupling model of multiple water resource allocation is established, and both the economic and ecological effects of multiple water resource allocation in Yiwu City are simulated and analyzed. The simulation results of optimizing the multiple water resource allocations show an efficient way of reclaimed water utilization in this typical Chinese city. In order to ensure the future economic and social development of Yiwu City, it is necessary to introduce reclaimed water into different fields, such as residential water, industrial water, agricultural water, and environmental water. Reclaimed water has also proven to have a high capability for pollutant control and reduction, which is also important to the ecology and environmental protection.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Wu, Xiao Yuan, Qing Hua Pang, and Yuer Chen. "The Index System Construction of Basin Initial Water Rights Allocation by Integrating Water Quantity and Water Quality." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 4385–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.4385.

Full text

Abstract:

As reflection of property rights in the field of water resources, water rights is the right to use water resources in a certain period of time based on water quantity and water quality. Aimed at solving the issue of basin initial water right allocation in China, on the basis of the pre-research of index system of basin initial water rights allocation system, as well as the complexity and differences of the allocation system, the index system of basin initial water rights allocation system in this paper is comprehensively designed, and the index framework divided into three layers of target, criteria and index angles is established.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Wang, Fei, Xueke Wang, and Ying Zhao. "Effects of Intermittent Water Allocation on Vegetation Dynamics in Lake Baiyangdian, North China." Water 13, no. 10 (May 17, 2021): 1400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13101400.

Full text

Abstract:

The ecological effects of intermittent water supplement in Lake Baiyangdian were analyzed with an NDVI time series based on the data from 1 April 1998 to 31 July 2008. Four NDVI categories were extracted, and twelve stages were grouped based on the specific replenishment time of water allocation. STR (a seasonal-trend decomposition procedure based on regression) and its corresponding linear regression and abrupt change detection were used to highlight the temporal variations in vegetation under the effects of water allocation. ANOVA was used to identify the response quality of the vegetation in each stage. The results showed that the significant increasing trend of each NDVI category was detected by linear regression (p < 0.001). The 95% abrupt change intervals showed uncertainty and complexity in the immediate vegetation response to water division times. The most abrupt changes were detected in the growing seasons. The extremely significant differences in NDVI variation before and after water allocations were detected by ANOVA (p < 0.001, t-test). The longer the duration of water allocation was maintained, the higher the detection of vegetation coverage was relatively. The increased vegetation coverage benefited from the constant water supply. Our results provide evidence of vegetation responses to intermittent water divisions. The positive effects of water allocation on regional ecological restoration were confirmed. This study strengthened the water division effects of regional vegetation restoration and provided a practical strategy for an effective implementation of water allocation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

WEN, Qing, Liudong ZHANG, Xingxing Fei, and Jingdong LI. "Discussions about Water Resources Allocation." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 267 (June 8, 2019): 022030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/267/2/022030.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Grantham, Robert S., and Steve McDonald. "ALLOCATION OF RECYCLED WATER COSTS." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2005, no. 15 (January 1, 2005): 1279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864705783869691.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Wurbs, Ralph A. "Water allocation systems in Texas." International Journal of Water Resources Development 20, no. 2 (June 2004): 229–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0790062042000206093.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Gao, Juanjuan, Huaxiang He, Qiang An, Jiqiang Xie, Yingjie Cui, and Xinmin Xie. "An Improved Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process for the Allocation of Water Rights to Industries in Northeast China." Water 12, no. 6 (June 16, 2020): 1719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061719.

Full text

Abstract:

To facilitate water management and efficient utilization of water resources, the allocation of water rights to individual industries must be underpinned by a rational and defensible process. This study aimed to develop an improved fuzzy analytic hierarchy process method of allocating water rights to different industries and focused on Qing’an County, northeast China as a case study. An evaluation index system for allocation of initial water rights was established, and incorporated physiographic, societal, economic, and ecological criteria. The system classifies four categories of second-level indices, 14 third-level indices, and 30 fourth-level indices. The order of priority of the evaluation index was determined and the total weight of initial water rights for different industries was calculated using the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process method. Results showed that the indices for the allocation of initial water rights ranked in descending order of their total weights coefficient were: (1) agricultural water rights: 0.9508; (2) residential water rights: 0.0240; (3) water rights for non-agricultural production: 0.0173; (4) environmental water rights: 0.0078. Agricultural water consumption accounted for the largest proportion of total water because the study area is a major grain production area. The study provides a theoretical basis for the allocation of water rights and water rights trading in northeast China.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Gómez-Limón, José A., Carlos Gutiérrez-Martín, and Nazaret M. Montilla-López. "Agricultural Water Allocation under Cyclical Scarcity: The Role of Priority Water Rights." Water 12, no. 6 (June 26, 2020): 1835. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061835.

Full text

Abstract:

Water is becoming an increasingly scarce resource worldwide, suggesting that water rationing methods should be revised to improve water allocation efficiency, especially during cyclical scarcity events (droughts). The proportional rule is the most widely used rationing method to allocate water in cases of water scarcity. However, this method fails to achieve Pareto-efficient allocation arrangements. Economic theory and international experience demonstrate that implementing security-differentiated water rights could improve allocative efficiency during cyclical scarcity periods. Moreover, it has been proven that this kind of priority rights regime is an efficient instrument to share risks related to water supply reliability, and can thus be considered as an adaptation measure to climate change. This evidence has enabled the development of an operational proposal for the implementation of security-differentiated water rights in the irrigation sector in Spain, as an alternative to the current rights based on the proportional rule. This proposal draws on the Australian case study, which is the most successful experience worldwide. Nevertheless, the insights obtained from the analysis performed and the proposal for reforming the water rights regime are applicable to any country with a mature water economy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Wang, Min. "Quantitative Research of Water Resource Allocation Response Caused by Water Cycle System." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 2422–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.2422.

Full text

Abstract:

Water resource allocation was carried out by a serious of engineering and non-engineering measures. These measures would influence region water cycle on two aspects, cycling process and cycling ways. Based on the data of Ningxia, water cycle changes in different areas caused by different water resource allocation measures were analyzed. A quantificational method about how to affect region water cycle by water resource allocation was also presented. At last, the water cycle changes happened in plain area, Yanghuang area, and south mountainous area were forecasted, that would give some special support for people to carry out water resource allocation rationally.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Liu, Wei Lin, and Li Na Liu. "Optimal Allocation of Water Resources Based on Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Algorithm and Information Entropy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 641-642 (September 2014): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.641-642.75.

Full text

Abstract:

Water allocation is a very complex problem, involving social, economic, environmental, and political factors. Consequently, it is a multi-objective decision-making problem. This paper presents a multi-objective model for the optimal allocation on multisource water for multiuser under sufficiently considering the harmonious development among economy, society and environment. A multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm is employed to generate a set of Pareto-optimal solutions. At the same time, to facilitate easy implementation for the water allocation operator, information entropy theory is adopted to sort the decision results according to the magnitude of the superiority degrees. As a case study the proposed approach has been applied to the reasonable allocation of water supply and demand in the water-receiving areas of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project in China, in which the maximal benefit of economy, society and environment was regarded as the multi-objectives. The results show that the proposed approach is able to offer the quantifiable benefits or costs among different objectives for the water managers, and is highly professional in making decisions for allocating water among use sectors and different areas.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Louw, D. B., and H. D. van Schalkwyk. "WATER MARKETS AN ALTERNATIVE FOR CENTRAL WATER ALLOCATION?" Agrekon 39, no. 4 (December 2000): 484–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03031853.2000.9523666.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Liu, Gang, Lu Shi, and Kevin Li. "Equitable Allocation of Blue and Green Water Footprints Based on Land-Use Types: A Case Study of the Yangtze River Economic Belt." Sustainability 10, no. 10 (October 4, 2018): 3556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103556.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper develops a lexicographic optimization model to allocate agricultural and non-agricultural water footprints by using the land area as the influencing factor. An index known as the water-footprint-land density (WFLD) index is then put forward to assess the impact and equity of the resulting allocation scheme. Subsequently, the proposed model is applied to a case study allocating water resources for the 11 provinces and municipalities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB). The objective is to achieve equitable spatial allocation of water resources from a water footprint perspective. Based on the statistical data in 2013, this approach starts with a proper accounting for water footprints in the 11 YREB provinces. We then determined an optimal allocation of water footprints by using the proposed lexicographic optimization approach from a land area angle. Lastly, we analyzed how different types of land uses contribute to allocation equity and we discuss policy changes to implement the optimal allocation schemes in the YREB. Analytical results show that: (1) the optimized agricultural and non-agricultural water footprints decrease from the current levels for each province across the YREB, but this decrease shows a heterogeneous pattern; (2) the WFLD of 11 YREB provinces all decline after optimization with the largest decline in Shanghai and the smallest decline in Sichuan; and (3) the impact of agricultural land on the allocation of agricultural water footprints is mainly reflected in the land use structure of three land types including arable land, forest land, and grassland. The different land use structures in the upstream, midstream, and downstream regions lead to the spatial heterogeneity of the optimized agricultural water footprints in the three YREB segments; (4) In addition to the non-agricultural land area, different regional industrial structures are the main reason for the spatial heterogeneity of the optimized non-agricultural water footprints. Our water-footprint-based optimal water resources allocation scheme helps alleviate the water resources shortage pressure and achieve coordinated and balanced development in the YREB.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Kabir, Mohommod Lutful. "Skimpy Wash Financing in Bangladesh: Overall Trend and Regional Disparities." GIS Business 1, no. 6 (November 28, 2006): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/gis.v1i6.5144.

Full text

Abstract:

The access to Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) services is one of our basic needs without which no human being can service, let alone lead a decent life. Therefore, promotion of water and sanitation services are placed in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) taken by UN for an extended period from 2016-2030. In line with this goal, the governments of developing countries are increasing their budget allocation to attain this decent living target. However, allocations are, in many cases, inadequate and skewed among different geographic regions. Further, due to an absence of separate ministry or authority to manage this important, but often neglected function of governments, allocations are disguised under other heads of allocations made for different ministries and make the assessment of allocation even more difficult. In the context of WASH sector in Bangladesh, the objective of this paper is thus to demonstrate an effective methodology to capture WASH data at national and district level, to make such assessment possible. Data on WASH allocation was compiled from national budget statements, relevant inter-ministerial reports, and other local government offices related to WASH. Ambiguity on data was further clarified through interviews with concerned government officials from different ministries and local government offices. Analyzing WASH budget allocation for a period of six years under this framework, this paper indicates that WASH allocation in Bangladesh remains inadequate and highly inequitable to attain SDG.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

de Assis de Souza Filho, Francisco, and Casey M. Brown. "Performance of water policy reforms under scarcity conditions: a case study in Northeast Brazil." Water Policy 11, no. 5 (October 1, 2009): 553–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2009.141.

Full text

Abstract:

Increasing demand for water amid variable hydrology and climate uncertainty challenges the traditional methods of allocating scarce water resources. Water markets are an oft-promoted allocation method but their adoption is limited. This paper evaluates the performance of policy alternatives to water markets in terms of economic efficiency using analytical models of allocation. Priority systems, pricing systems and negotiation are compared for varying levels of scarcity. The analysis finds that the performance of each system depends on the level of scarcity. In general, a priority-based system is best in the worst conditions, while negotiation is better otherwise. This finding is pertinent to water policy and drought management, as negotiation is often only used in the worst conditions and priority used at other times. These results imply the reverse should be true. The paper also shows the means for evaluating non-market allocation in economic terms.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Backeberg, Gerhard R. "Water institutional reforms in South Africa." Water Policy 7, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2005.0007.

Full text

Abstract:

A comprehensive program of water institutional reforms has been implemented in South Africa since 1994. These reforms followed some major reform on the political and economic fronts. The institutional changes that occurred in the water sector covered the policy legal, and organizational dimensions of water allocation and management and affected all water sub-sectors including environmental allocations. The reform process has culminated in a new national water policy, a national water act and a national water resources strategy. Substantial organizational changes have also occurred with a focus on management decentralization, user participation and license-based allocation of water. This paper aims to provide an overview of these and other changes, especially from the perspective of irrigation and agriculture. It also attempts to explain the emergence and implementation of the water institutional reforms process in the light of the results reported in recent literature on water institutional reforms. The paper provides evidence for the role of transaction cost and political economy considerations as well as the use of reform design and implementation principles such as institutional sequencing and reform timing.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Hou, Jie, Ni Wang, Jungang Luo, Xu Zhang, Zhonghao Wang, and Jiancang Xie. "A multi-method integrated simulation system for water resources allocation." Water Supply 22, no. 3 (December 29, 2021): 2518–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2021.456.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Water resources allocation is an important technical tool to alleviate the conflict between water supply and demand, improve water resources utilization efficiency, and achieve the control target of total water resources utilization. However, the current water resources allocation theory is immature, and there are few objective and quantitative allocation methods, which leads to the relatively backward allocation practice. Moreover, the amounts of allocable water resources change dynamically, which makes the static and single traditional allocation scheme difficult to adapt to changes. To address the above issues, this research comprehensively integrated multiple types of allocation models to build a multi-method integrated simulation system for water resources allocation. The results show that the system supports visually generated schemes and dynamically simulates water resources allocation. The application of the simulation system enhances the reliability of results. And the dynamic adaptability of allocation results supports allocation decisions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Delorit, Justin, Edmundo Cristian Gonzalez Ortuya, and Paul Block. "Evaluation of model-based seasonal streamflow and water allocation forecasts for the Elqui Valley, Chile." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 21, no. 9 (September 21, 2017): 4711–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4711-2017.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. In many semi-arid regions, multisectoral demands often stress available water supplies. Such is the case in the Elqui River valley of northern Chile, which draws on a limited-capacity reservoir to allocate 25 000 water rights. Delayed infrastructure investment forces water managers to address demand-based allocation strategies, particularly in dry years, which are realized through reductions in the volume associated with each water right. Skillful season-ahead streamflow forecasts have the potential to inform managers with an indication of future conditions to guide reservoir allocations. This work evaluates season-ahead statistical prediction models of October–January (growing season) streamflow at multiple lead times associated with manager and user decision points, and links predictions with a reservoir allocation tool. Skillful results (streamflow forecasts outperform climatology) are produced for short lead times (1 September: ranked probability skill score (RPSS) of 0.31, categorical hit skill score of 61 %). At longer lead times, climatological skill exceeds forecast skill due to fewer observations of precipitation. However, coupling the 1 September statistical forecast model with a sea surface temperature phase and strength statistical model allows for equally skillful categorical streamflow forecasts to be produced for a 1 May lead, triggered for 60 % of years (1950–2015), suggesting forecasts need not be strictly deterministic to be useful for water rights holders. An early (1 May) categorical indication of expected conditions is reinforced with a deterministic forecast (1 September) as more observations of local variables become available. The reservoir allocation model is skillful at the 1 September lead (categorical hit skill score of 53 %); skill improves to 79 % when categorical allocation prediction certainty exceeds 80 %. This result implies that allocation efficiency may improve when forecasts are integrated into reservoir decision frameworks. The methods applied here advance the understanding of the mechanisms and timing responsible for moisture transport to the Elqui Valley and provide a unique application of streamflow forecasting in the prediction of water right allocations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Huang, Jin, Van Butsic, Weijun He, Dagmawi Degefu, Zaiyi Liao, and Min An. "Historical Accountability for Equitable, Efficient, and Sustainable Allocation of the Right to Emit Wastewater in China." Entropy 20, no. 12 (December 10, 2018): 950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e20120950.

Full text

Abstract:

Establishing policies for controlling water pollution through discharge permits creates the basis for emission permit trading. Allocating wastewater discharge permits is a prerequisite to initiating the market. Past research has focused on designing schemes to allocate discharge permits efficiently, but these schemes have ignored differences among regions in terms of emission history. This is unfortunate, as fairness may dictate that areas that have been allowed to pollute in the past will receive fewer permits in the future. Furthermore, the spatial scales of previously proposed schemes are not practical. In this article, we proposed an information entropy improved proportional allocation method, which considers differences in GDP, population, water resources, and emission history at province spatial resolution as a new way to allocate waste water emission permits. The allocation of chemical oxygen demand (COD) among 30 provinces in China is used to illustrate the proposed discharge permit distribution mechanism. In addition, we compared the pollution distribution permits obtained from the proposed allocation scheme with allocation techniques that do not consider historical pollution and with the already established country plan. Our results showed that taking into account emission history as a factor when allocating wastewater discharge permits results in a fair distribution of economic benefits.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Wang, Zhidong, Xining Zhao, Jinglei Wang, Ni Song, and Qisheng Han. "Agricultural water allocation with climate change based on gray wolf optimization in a semi-arid region of China." PeerJ 11 (January 3, 2023): e14577. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14577.

Full text

Abstract:

Background We quantified and evaluated the allocation of soil and water resources in the Aksu River Basin to measure the consequences of climate change on an agricultural irrigation system. Methods We first simulated future climate scenarios in the Aksu River Basin by using a statistical downscaling model (SDSM). We then formulated the optimal allocation scheme of agricultural water as a multiobjective optimization problem and obtained the Pareto optimal solution using the multi-objective grey wolf optimizer (MOGWO). Finally, optimal allocations of water and land resources in the basin at different times were obtained using an analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Results (1) The SDSM is able to simulate future climate change scenarios in the Aksu River Basin. Evapotranspiration (ET0) will increase significantly with variation as will the amount of available water albeit slightly. (2) To alleviate water pressure, the area of cropland should be reduced by 127.5 km2 under RCP4.5 and 377.2 km2 under RCP8.5 scenarios. (3) To be sustainable, the allocation ratio of forest land and water body should increase to 39% of the total water resource in the Aksu River Basin by 2050.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Guan, Xike, Zengchuan Dong, Yun Luo, and Dunyu Zhong. "Multi-Objective Optimal Allocation of River Basin Water Resources under Full Probability Scenarios Considering Wet–Dry Encounters: A Case Study of Yellow River Basin." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21 (November 6, 2021): 11652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111652.

Full text

Abstract:

Wet–dry encounters between basins and regions have an important impact on the allocation of water resources. This study proposes a multi-objective allocation model for basin water resources under full probability scenarios considering wet–dry encounters (FPS-MOWAM) to solve the problem of basin water resource allocation. In the FPS-MOWAM model, the sub-regions were merged by precipitation correlation analysis. Next, the joint probability distribution of basin runoff and region precipitation was constructed using copula functions. The possible wet–dry encounter scenarios and their probabilities were then acquired. Finally, the multi-objective allocation model of water resources was constructed using the full probability scenario for wet–dry encounters in each region. The FPS-MOWAM is calculated by the NSGA-II algorithm and the optimal water resource allocation scheme was selected using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Using the Yellow River Basin as an example, the following conclusions were obtained: (1) the Yellow River Basin can be divided into four sub-regions based on precipitation correlations: Qh-Sc (Qinghai, Sichuan), Sg-Nx-Nmg (Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia), Sxq-Sxj (Shaanxi, Shanxi), and Hn-Sd (Henan, Shandong), (2) the inconsistencies in synchronous–asynchronous encounter probabilities in the Yellow River Basin were significant (the asynchronous probabilities were 0.763), whereas the asynchronous probabilities among the four regions were 0.632, 0.932, and 0.763 under the high, medium, and low flow conditions in the Yellow River Basin respectively, and (3) the allocation of water resources tends to increase with time, allocating the most during dry years. In 2035, the expected economic benefits are between 11,982.7 billion CNY and 12,499.6 billion CNY, while the expected water shortage rate is between 2.02% and 3.43%. In 2050, the expected economic benefits are between 21,291.4 billion CNY and 21,781.3 billion CNY, while the expected water shortage rate is between 1.28% and 6.05%.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Juanico, Marcelo, and Eran Friedler. "Wastewater Reuse for River Recovery in Semi-Arid Israel." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 4-5 (August 1, 1999): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0573.

Full text

Abstract:

Most of the water has been captured in the rivers of Israel and they have turned into dry river-beds which deliver only sporadic winter floods. In a semi-arid country where literally every drop of water is used, reclaimed wastewater is the most feasible water source for river recovery. Two topics are addressed in this paper: water quality management in rivers where most of the flowing water is treated wastewater, and the allocations of reclaimed wastewater required for the recovery of rivers and streams. Water quality management must consider that the main source of water to the river has a pollution loading which reduces its capability to absorb other pollution impacts. The allocation of treated wastewater for the revival of rivers may not affect negatively the water balance of the region; it may eventually improve it. An upstream bruto allocation of 122 MCM/year of wastewater for the recovery of 14 rivers in Israel may favor downstream reuse of this wastewater, resulting in a small neto allocation and in an increase of the water resources available to the country. The discharge of effluents upstream to revive the river followed by their re-capture downstream for irrigation, implies a further stage in the intensification of water reuse.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Roozbahani, Reza, Babak Abbasi, Sergei Schreider, and Zahra Hosseinifard. "A basin-wide approach for water allocation and dams location-allocation." Annals of Operations Research 287, no. 1 (September 11, 2019): 323–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10479-019-03345-5.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Peng, Jing, Lan Qi, and Ren Chao Wang. "Study on Integrated Approaches of Water Resources Allocation in Tianjin." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 4516–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.4516.

Full text

Abstract:

This study investigated the characteristics of various water resources in Tianjin, explored the needs for the study of water resources allocation, and identified the current issues of water resources allocation in Tianjin. The water resources allocation framework was established by adopting the cultural algorithm approach. A case study was done for Tianjin by utilizing this framework to evaluate the water resources allocation in 2008. It shows that the integrated approach of water resources allocation can effectively relieve the water shortage pressure of Tianjin, maximize the benefits for the limited water resources. This study provides a theoretical guidance for the water resources allocation in this area.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Guo, Zhihui, Jianxia Chang, Qiang Huang, Lei Xu, Chaoji Da, and Haixia Wu. "Bi-level optimization allocation model of water resources for different water industries." Water Supply 14, no. 3 (December 18, 2013): 470–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2013.223.

Full text

Abstract:

There are severe water shortages, exacerbated by overexploitation, in the region upstream of the dam at Zhang Jiakou, and in many other regions, both in China and other parts of the world. Allocating water resources equitably amongst the numerous domestic and industrial consumers in these regions, while preserving or improving the environment and meeting economic goals, is a highly complex problem. Various researchers have addressed this problem using various models, but no model that satisfactorily optimizes the complex, interacting social, economic and environmental goals has been developed as yet. To contribute towards this goal, we present a bi-level optimization model that allocates water resources rationally between all sectors, and prevents overexploitation. It is based on the optimization of comprehensive social, economic, agricultural, environment and groundwater preservation benefits. Verified results obtained with the model indicate that it is capable of resolving the multi-dimensional water allocation problems rationally, both in the focal region and more generally, according to a flexible set of ordered, prioritized objectives.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Stewart, G., and B. Harper. "Barmah-Millewa forest environmental water allocation." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 11 (June 1, 2002): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0398.

Full text

Abstract:

The formal allocation of water for the environment is a developing area of river management both scientifically and in terms of community participation. This case study, illustrating the recent use of the Barmah-Millewa Forest Environmental Water Allocation (EWA), provides a practical demonstration of community participation in environmental water management, the application of hydrological and biological “triggers” and a positive, demonstrable biological outcome from an environmental water allocation. The Barmah-Millewa Forest covers an area of 70,000 ha across the floodplain of the Murray River, upstream of the town of Echuca. About half the forest is in NSW (Millewa) and half is in Victoria (Barmah). The Barmah Forest is a Wetland of International Importance listed under the Convention on Wetlands - Ramsar Convention. The forest is the largest river redgum forest in the world. The natural flooding cycle associated with the forest has been significantly altered by regulation of the Murray River - impacting upon the overall health of the forest ecosystem. Recognising this, the Murray Darling Basin Commission developed a water management strategy for the forest to enhance forest, fish and wildlife values. To implement this strategy, between 1990 and 1993 reports were completed and community consultation took place. In 1993 the Murray Darling Basin Ministerial Council approved allocation of 100 Gigalitres of water per year, provided in equal shares by NSW and Victoria, to meet the needs of the forest ecosystem and in 1994 the Barmah-Millewa Forum was established under the Murray-Darling Basin Agreement. The vision for the Forum is to maintain and, where possible, improve the ecological and productive sustainability of the Barmah-Millewa Forest and to establish a planning and operational framework to better meet the flooding and drying requirements of the riparian forests and wetlands. Between October 2000 and January 2001 the Barmah-Millewa Forest Environmental Water Allocation was used for the second time. A total of 341 GL was released as an EWA. This amount represented only 8% of the total flows downstream of Yarrawonga Weir from September 2000 and January 2001. The strategic use of the relatively small amount of water enabled flooding to be maintained and ensured significant breeding success for water birds and other biota in the Forest.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

OKADA, Norio, and Marc M. KILGOUR. "Conflict Analysis of Water Resources Allocation." Studies in Regional Science 18 (1987): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2457/srs.18.113.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Agustriyanto, Rudy. "Simulation of Water Allocation Optimization Problem." EMITTER International Journal of Engineering Technology 6, no. 2 (December 29, 2018): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24003/emitter.v6i2.244.

Full text

Abstract:

Pollution prevention is primarily stimulated by economics, legislation, liability concerns, and the enhanced environmental benefit of managing waste at source. Chemical process industries consume a huge amount of water. Consequently, wastewater streams from such industries which contain various contaminants may create environmental problem. The increasing cost of fresh water supply and wastewater treatment has encouraged process industries to minimize fresh water consumption and waste water generation. This paper presents a formulation of water allocation problem (WAP) in order to minimize fresh water consumption in multi contaminant mass exchanger network. The approach is based on mass balance equation within the system being studied. The problem were then solved by using Matlab Optimization Toolbox.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Gardner, B. Delworth. "Institutional Impediments To Efficient Water Allocation." Review of Policy Research 5, no. 2 (November 1985): 353–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-1338.1985.tb00362.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

N. L. Klocke, L. R. Stone, G. A. Clark, T. J. Dumler, and S. Briggeman. "WATER ALLOCATION MODEL FOR LIMITED IRRIGATION." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 22, no. 3 (2006): 381–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.20458.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Benkő, N., E. Rév, Z. Szitkai, and Z. Fonyó. "Optimal water use and treatment allocation." Computers & Chemical Engineering 23 (June 1999): S157—S160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0098-1354(99)80039-8.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Wardlaw, Robin. "Computer optimisation for better water allocation." Agricultural Water Management 40, no. 1 (March 1999): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-3774(98)00105-x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Wang, Lizhong, Liping Fang, and Keith W. Hipel. "Basin-wide cooperative water resources allocation." European Journal of Operational Research 190, no. 3 (November 2008): 798–817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2007.06.045.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Vaux, Henry J. "Economic Factors Shaping Western Water Allocation." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 68, no. 5 (December 1986): 1135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1241864.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Chakravorty, Ujjayant, and James Roumasset. "Efficient Spatial Allocation of Irrigation Water." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 73, no. 1 (February 1991): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1242892.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Baskoro, DAP, MYJ Purwanto, and M. Solahudin. "Watershed based model for water allocation." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 542 (August 7, 2020): 012056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/542/1/012056.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Water allocation'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles