Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Water allocation'
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Colvin, Jamie Cameron. "Water markets : factors in efficient water allocation." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50546.
Full textSome digitised pages may appear illegible due to the condition of the original hard copy
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Water is essential for life. Like the very air that surrounds us the omnipresent and indispensable qualities of water pervade throughout all of our lives. For reasons of health, community and trade the beginnings of all civilisations were proximate to the mighty rivers of the world. In a rapidly expanding global village, the priority for our future is to secure the management of increasing levels of water demand, given the finite natural cycle that all water is subject to and derived from; the hydrological cycle. The focus of this papers investigation is how best to allocate the value of water through the relatively nascent developments of water markets. The premise of utilising markets for allocative efficiency is suitably ingrained in the workings of many societies today, and the need to treat water with commensurate value and avoid waste is encapsulated in the Dublin Principles, where #4 states; 'Water has an economic value in all its competing uses and should be recognised as an economic good'. Which in isolation has merit, the legacy of state water management is usually associated with underperformance at best or incompetence and corruption at worst, and therefore the introduction of market mechanisms to provide water with allocative efficiency and true value, should be a positive undertaking for change. However the requisite conditions for proficient markets and perfect competition; which primarily include, that all agents are buyers and sellers, for a homogeneous product, with perfect information, without externalities, after the full and fair assignment of property rights, where all goods and services are private goods, and where transaction costs remain close to zero; would seldom be applicable to water. The many idiosyncrasies of water inhibit the application of competitive markets. Water could easily be defined as a public good with riparian rights, subject to a range of social and environmental externalities, whilst incurring high structural entry costs and remaining subject to the problematic vagaries of the natural supply cycle. Demand profiles also give water a heterogeneous definition, as domestic uses include both sanitation and drinking water, whilst various levels of quality are required for industry and agriculture, and even recreation. This paper seeks to define those factors that both warrant and limit the introduction of market functions to water management. The premise of this paper remains the search for better ways of valuing water, and how to incorporate fully the foundations of the environment and social criteria of health, and poverty reduction within these economic considerations. The conclusion defines a premium / discount solution to market traded water prices, which internalises these factors.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Water is noodsaaklik vir lewe. Net soos die lug wat ons omring het water ook alomteenwoordige eienskappe wat In onskeibare deel van ons lewens vorm. Die ontstaan van alle beskawings is te vinde in die nabyheid van groot en gevestigde riviere vir redes van gemeenskaplikheid, gesondheid en handel. Vandag se geintegreerde en snel-groeiende samelewing met sy toenemende vraag na water, noodsaak 'n toekomsgerigte benadering om waterbronne te bestuur gegewe die vaste water natuursiklus waar water vandaan kom en bewaar word in. Die fokus van hierdie studie is om die beste metodes te vind vir waterallokasie met verwysing na die ontwikkeling van water markte oor die eeue. Die gebruik van die markstelsel om water effektief te allokeer is die grondslag van baie samelewings vandag. So erken die Dublin beginsels die noosaaklikheid om 'n waarde te plaas op water beklemtoon dat dit nie vermors moet word nie. Beginsel #4 bepaal: "Water het 'n ekonomiese waarde in al sy vele gebruike en moet ooreenkomstig erken word as ekonomiese saak". Die bestuur van waterbronne deur 'n owerheid word gewoonlik vereenselwig met 'n nie-optimale of selfs korrupte onbevoegdheid. Hier behoort die bekendstelling van mark beginsels om 'n waarde en nut op water te plaas dus 'n positiewe ontwikkeling te wees. Tog is dit ook duidelik dat die vereistes vir 'n effektiewe mark; alle agente is kopers en verkopers, 'n eenvormige produk, deursigtigheid in informasie, geen eksternaliteite, erkenning van besitreg, alle goedere en dienste is privaat goedere, transaksie koste is naby aan nul; nie volkome toepasbaar is op water nie. Die eenvoudige asook komplekse aard van water verhoed dat standaard markstelsel en beginsels van kompetisie eenvormig toepasbaar is. Water kan ook maklik gekategoriseer word as publieke goedere met gemeenskapsregte, wat dit dan onderhewig sal maak aan verskeie maatskaplike en omgewingsmaatreëls, hoë toetrede kostes, en logistieke probleme van die verskaffingsiklus. Dit is egter die vraag na water wat defineer dit as heterogene produk met huishoudelike gebruike vir beide persoonlike verbruik asook sanitasie, terwyl doelgerigte gebruike in landbou, handel en nywerheid ook spesifieke kwaliteite kan vereis. Hierdie werkstuk beoog om die faktore te defineer wat die bekendstelling van 'n mark stelsel vir water bestuur daarstel en ook beperk. Die uitgangspunt van hierdie studie was om maniere te vind vir beter ekonomiese waardasie van water en dit dan te kombineer met die fondasies van die omgewing, maatskaplike & gesondheidsmaatreëls, asook die toeganklikheid van basiese dienste aan almal.
Tomkins, Claire Danielle. "Allocation and pricing of water resources /." May be available electronically:, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
Full textAkhand, Md Nurul Alam. "A canal irrigation water allocation model." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185910.
Full textPatrick, Marian J. "Scale and justice in water allocation." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2012. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/474.
Full textWang, Lizhong. "Cooperative Water Resources Allocation among Competing Users." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/867.
Full textThe first phase of the CWAM methodology includes three methods for deriving initial water rights allocation among competing water uses, namely the priority-based multiperiod maximal network flow (PMMNF) programming, modified riparian water rights allocation (MRWRA) and lexicographic minimax water shortage ratios (LMWSR) methods. PMMNF is a very flexible approach and is applicable under prior, riparian and public water rights systems with priorities determined by different criteria. MRWRA is essentially a special form of PMMNF adapted for allocation under the riparian regime. LMWSR is designed for application under a public water rights system, which adopts the lexicographic minimax fairness concept. The second step comprises three sub-models: the irrigation water planning model (IWPM) is a model for deriving benefit functions of irrigation water; the hydrologic-economic river basin model (HERBM) is the core component of the coalition analysis, which searches for the values of various coalitions of stakeholders and corresponding optimal water allocation schemes, based on initial water rights, monthly net benefit functions of demand sites and the ownership of water uses; the sub-model cooperative reallocation game (CRG) of the net benefit of the grand coalition adopts cooperative game solution concepts, including the nucleolus, weak nucleolus, proportional nucleolus, normalized nucleolus and Shapley value, to perform equitable reallocation of the net benefits of stakeholders participating in the grand coalition. The economically efficient use of water under the grand coalition is achieved through water transfers based on initial water rights.
Sequential and iterative solution algorithms utilizing the primal simplex method are developed to solve the linear PMMNF and LMWSR problems, respectively, which only include linear water quantity constraints. Algorithms for nonlinear PMMNF and LMWSR problems adopt a two-stage approach, which allow nonlinear reservoir area- and elevation-storage relations, and may include nonlinear water quality constraints. In the first stage, the corresponding linear problems, excluding nonlinear constraints, are solved by a sequential or iterative algorithm. The global optimal solution obtained by the linear programming is then combined together with estimated initial values of pollutant concentrations to be used as the starting point for the sequential or iterative nonlinear programs of the nonlinear PMMNF or LMWSR problem. As HERBM adopts constant price-elasticity water demand functions to derive the net benefit functions of municipal and industrial demand sites and hydropower stations, and quadratic gross benefit functions to find the net benefit functions of agriculture water uses, stream flow demands and reservoir storages, it is a large scale nonlinear optimization problem even when the water quality constraints are not included. An efficient algorithm is built for coalition analysis, utilizing a combination of the multistart global optimization technique and gradient-based nonlinear programming method to solve a HERBM for each possible coalition.
Throughout the study, both the feasibility and the effectiveness of incorporating equity concepts into conventional economic optimal water resources management modeling are addressed. The applications of CWAM to the Amu Darya River Basin in Central Asia and the South Saskatchewan River Basin in western Canada demonstrate the applicability of the model. It is argued that CWAM can be utilized as a tool for promoting the understanding and cooperation of water users to achieve maximum welfare in a river basin and minimize the damage caused by water shortages, through water rights allocation, and water and net benefit transfers among water users under the regulated water market or administrative allocation mechanism.
Movik, Synne. "Fluid rights South Africa's water allocation reform." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488584.
Full textBenninghoff, Benjamin Daniel. "An evaluation of Ontario's water allocation system, the perspectives of water users." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0019/MQ55654.pdf.
Full textSantos, Roman Deborah Matilde. "Systematization of water allocation systems: an engineering approach." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4909.
Full textLee, Lisa Yu-Ting. "EFFICIENT WATER ALLOCATION IN A HETEROGENEOUS CATCHMENT SETTING." University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2466.
Full textThe problem of water scarcity has become one of the most controversial topics in Australia over the past decades, with particular focus being the ‘sustainable’ allocation of water between extractive and environmental purposes. Geographical factors are defining the extreme variability in climate and water supply in Australia and, in the past, this was used as a rationale for the construction of large irrigation projects to deliver water to rural, urban, and industrial users. During this ‘expansionary’ phase of Australia’s water use sector, the cost of augmenting supply was relatively low and environmental considerations were secondary to the development imperative. As a result, water resources became over-allocated for extractive uses spurred on by consistent underpricing of water, which indicated a failure to reflect the true cost of water supply. As Australia’s water economy entered a ‘mature’ phase, it was no longer possible to increase supply cheaply as the most easily accessible water resources had already been captured. This was followed by widespread environmental degradation manifested in the Murray- Darling Basin, the nation’s largest river basin which hosts much of Australia’s agricultural production. Consequently, the focus shifted towards demand management, leading to a myriad of regulation aimed at increasing the allocative efficiency of scarce water resources. Towards this end, substantial government funding was injected into the various initiatives throughout the water reform process. Despite the on-going government activities in the area of water reform, the understanding of the actual economic impact and environmental outcomes of various water policies in practice remains limited. In the absence of such understanding, the effectiveness of various government water initiatives is ambiguous and inevitably compromised. The present study addresses this knowledge gap by establishing a method for evaluating the economic and environmental outcomes of environmentally-oriented polices that affect irrigated industries in a catchment. The method is based on an integrated biophysical and economic modelling approach, which enables spatial relationships to be captured accurately allowing a more realistic analysis. Information generated from a computer based biophysical simulation model form the basis of an economic optimisation model with constraints pertaining to environmental targets and water supply limits. The economic model consists of a linear programming and dynamic programming component, and involves the optimisation of resource use from a catchment manager’s perspective, seeking to achieve efficient resource use but at the same time conform to given environmental objectives. This embedded linear and dynamic programming approach was required to determine the optimal intra-seasonal and inter-seasonal water allocation, given various catchment environmental targets. The interdisciplinary approach enables the economic and ecological outcomes of the catchment management policies to be simulated and assessed at a spatially explicit scale, due to the link to Geographical Information Systems (GIS) in the biophysical model. The overall objective was to create a decision-making framework that could be used to determine the least-cost means of meeting environmental targets and resource constraints. The solutions to the analysis are directly applicable to the case study, the Mooki catchment in northern New South Wales (NSW), but with an adaptable framework that can be applied to other catchments. Specific objectives include an evaluation of the possibility of using alternative irrigation systems, as well as an evaluation of the benefits that can be realised by establishing water market, in the light of environmentally-oriented catchment policies for the case study. The economic cost of achieving environmental targets pertaining to environmental flow requirements and salinity reduction, in the form of end-of-valley salinity targets, was explicitly calculated through the economic model. While salinity targets have been set for NSW catchments, the practicality of such targets is in question, given the substantial reductions in water allocation to irrigation activities, which is one of the key contributors to deep-drainage. An additional objective in this study was therefore to investigate the value of having deep drainage targets. A further consideration is the effect of “external agents” in the form of government plans to buyback entitlements from irrigation districts, or the possibility of significant water rights purchases from mining industries. The implications of external water market entrants on the regional agricultural industry were examined.
Silva, Samiria Maria Oliveira da. "Compensation and risk management mechanism in water allocation." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=14819.
Full textThe process of water allocation between different and competing uses in an uncertain climate scenario reinforces the motivation to study risk management of water systems. In this way, the purpose of this study is to propose the incorporation of a climate risk management mechanism in the process of water allocation, aiming an equitable and efficient management of these resources. For this, an aggregate model consisting of a reservoir of regulation and two users (urban supply and irrigation) was used to build and evaluate a financial mechanism. Afterwards, a disaggregation model consisting of multiple reservoirs was used to apply the concepts defined in the previous model. Initially, an indicator was chosen to be used as a trigger for the financial mechanism. This trigger started the mechanism whenever any rigorous state of drought in the water system was detected, which were classified in four different types: moderate drought, severe drought, extreme drought and exceptional drought. The amount of compensation was calculated based on the benefits achieved by the sector that lost water guarantee during the scarcity period. This evaluation was performed by the application of two methods for apportioning the water availability: linear apportionment and priority system. The available water flow for allocation was calculated using the reservoir operation strategy with inflows zero in the semester of the year. However, the incorporation of climate information in the process was also tested. Two triggers were proposed for the financial mechanism: Drought indices and Rationing level. The drought indices were built based on the average precipitation (standardized precipitation index), the inflow (standardized index flow) and the final volume of system operation (synthetic index). The rationing level mechanism is based on the available water flow for allocation and it was chosen due to its existing relation with the volume stored. This relationship allows the trigger to perform well both for the drought detection probability as for the false alarm. In addition, a conceptual framework for incorporating the financial mechanism to charge for the water use was elaborated, as well as an evaluation of the performance of the system as for the incorporation of the financial mechanism through two indicators: economic efficiency and equity (allocative justice). The performance evaluation showed that the payment of compensation in a period of drought due higher warranty (priority) of other uses operates to a greater equity and efficiency in water allocation. In order to keep the funds collected by the charge to cover the compensation, a regularization fund that has annual revenues of parcels carried out by the urban water supply and by the government was created. This regularization fund ensures the financial sustainability and also a good ability to adapt the incorporation mechanism to the collect instrument. Consequently, the financial compensation is a viable option for both water managers, who will have greater flexibility in their decisions, as well as for the water resources system, that will have more equity in their process of water allocation.
O processo de alocaÃÃo de Ãgua entre usos diferentes e conflitantes em um cenÃrio de incerteza climÃtica reforÃa a motivaÃÃo para estudar a gestÃo de riscos em sistemas hÃdricos. Dessta forma, o presente estudo propÃe a incorporaÃÃo de um mecanismo de gestÃo de risco climÃtico no processo de alocaÃÃo de recursos hÃdricos visando o gerenciamento equitativo e eficiente desses recursos. Para isso, utilizou-se um modelo agregado composto por um reservatÃrio de regularizaÃÃo e dois usuÃrios abastecimento urbano e irrigaÃÃo, para construir e avaliar o mecanismo financeiro. Em seguida, utilizou-se um modelo desagregado, com mÃltiplos reservatÃrios, para aplicar os conceitos definidos no modelo anterior. Inicialmente, foi definido um indicador para ser utilizado como gatilho do mecanismo financeiro. Esse gatilho acionou o mecanismo sempre que foi detectado algum estado de severidade seca no sistema hÃdrico, sendo utilizado quatro estados: seca moderada, seca severa, seca extrema e seca excepcional. O valor da compensaÃÃo foi calculado com base nos benefÃcios alcanÃados pelo setor que perdeu garantia hÃdrica no perÃodo de escassez. Essa avaliaÃÃo foi realizada por meio da aplicaÃÃo de dois mÃtodos de rateio das disponibilidades hÃdricas: rateio linear e sistema de prioridades. A vazÃo disponÃvel para alocaÃÃo foi determinada utilizando a estratÃgia de operaÃÃo do reservatÃrio com afluÃncias zero no semestre do ano. Entretanto, tambÃm testou-se a incorporaÃÃo da informaÃÃo climÃtica nesse processo. Foram propostos dois gatilhos para o mecanismo financeiro: Ãndices de seca e NÃvel de Racionamento. Os Ãndices de seca foram construÃdos com base na precipitaÃÃo mÃdia (Ãndice padronizado de precipitaÃÃo), na vazÃo afluente (Ãndice padronizado de escoamento) e no volume final da operaÃÃo do sistema (Ãndice sintÃtico). O nÃvel de racionamento possuiu como base a vazÃo disponÃvel para alocaÃÃo (retirada controlada). A escolha dessa variÃvel deu-se pela relaÃÃo existente entre ela e o volume armazenado Essa relaÃÃo permite que o gatilho obtenha um bom desempenho tanto para a probabilidade de detecÃÃo de seca quanto para o falso alarme. AlÃm disso, elaborou-se uma base conceitual para incorporar o mecanismo financeiro a cobranÃa pelo uso da Ãgua e avaliou-se o desempenho do sistema quanto à incorporaÃÃo do mecanismo financeiro por meio de dois indicadores, eficiÃncia econÃmica e equidade (justiÃa alocativa). A avaliaÃÃo de desempenho mostrou que o pagamento da compensaÃÃo em um perÃodo de seca devido à maior garantia (prioridade) de outros usos opera no sentido de uma maior equidade e eficiÃncia na alocaÃÃo de Ãgua. No intuito de guardar os recursos financeiros arrecadados pela cobranÃa para a cobertura das compensaÃÃes propÃs-se um fundo de regularizaÃÃo que possui parcelas de arrecadaÃÃo anual realizadas pelo abastecimento urbano e pelo governo. O fundo de regularizaÃÃo garante a sustentabilidade financeira e a incorporaÃÃo do mecanismo ao instrumento de cobranÃa uma boa capacidade de adaptaÃÃo ao sistema. Assim, a compensaÃÃo financeira à uma opÃÃo viÃvel tanto para os gestores de recursos hÃdricos que terÃo maior flexibilidade nas suas decisÃes quanto para o sistema de recursos hÃdricos que terà maior equidade no seu processo de alocaÃÃo de Ãgua.
Manaweera, Wickramage Heshani Anjalie Manaweera. "Bankruptcy Model Application to Missouri River Water Allocation." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/31733.
Full textEden, Susanna. "Negotiation and the resolution of water allocation disputes." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191993.
Full textIvkovic, Karen Marie-Jeanne, and kardami@optusnet com au. "Modelling Groundwater-River Interactions for Assessing Water Allocation Options." The Australian National University. Centre for Resources, Environment and Society, 2007. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20080901.134545.
Full textMahan, Robert Colin. "Efficient allocation of surface water resources in southern Alberta." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq24600.pdf.
Full textMaeda, Shigeya. "Optimization of wasteload allocation for river water quality management." Kyoto University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/78139.
Full text0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第9623号
農博第1251号
新制||農||843(附属図書館)
学位論文||H14||N3655(農学部図書室)
UT51-2002-G381
京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻
(主査)教授 河地 利彦, 教授 青山 咸康, 教授 高橋 強
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Handley, Christopher David. "Water stress : some symptoms and causes : a case study of Ta'iz, Yemen." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1999. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29232/.
Full textRafiei, Yousef. "Improved oil production and waterflood performance by water allocation management." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2758.
Full textDube, Beatrice. "Distributive justice : water allocation reform in the Greater Tzaneen Municipality." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/75996.
Full textThesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Anthropology and Archaeology
PhD
Restricted
Bekchanov, Maksud [Verfasser]. "Efficient Water Allocation and Water Conservation Policy Modeling in The Aral Sea Basin / Maksud Bekchanov." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1053467311/34.
Full textOliveira, MarcÃlio Caetano de. "Proposed methodology of allocation of water in periods water shortage for vale do Rio Curu-CearÃ." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=11199.
Full textThe right choice of a model of water allocation in critical periods alleviates the suffering caused by the absence of so precious. Despite the existing water infrastructure, the state of Cearà has been suffering with the problems caused by drought. The methodology for allocation of water, especially in times of scarcity needs to be formatted and discussed with stakeholders in this process. This research aims to propose a strategy for allocating water in lean period for the River Valley Curu, CearÃ, built from the junction of two allocation mechanisms consensus building between users and economic instruments. It is shown that for this water use in Curu Valley is dominantly in the activity irrigation. Thus the proposed strategy consists of the definition of a system of priorities for the use of intra-sectoral water for irrigation from the payment of charges for water use varies depending on the long-term warranty. The funds raised from this collection will be used to pay insurance and financial compensation, in dry years, users with lower collateral. The proposed allocation methodology achieved satisfactory results regarding the criteria of economic efficiency, legitimacy and political sustainability, equity, financial sustainability and adaptability. For its effective implementation were suggested appropriate measures for monitoring, control and supervision of water use, the adequacy of current legislation. The discussion and deliberation by the committee River basin Curu was presented as a prerequisite for realization of the proposed methodology
Gorantiwar, Sunil Digambar. "A model for the planning and operation of heterogeneous irrigation schemes in semi-arid regions under rotational water supply." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1995. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/11706.
Full textGastélum, Pérez Jesús R. "Analysis of Water Resources Alternatives to Improve Water Allocation on the Conchos Basin During Drought Situations." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/305124.
Full textBright, John Charles. "Optimal control of irrigation systems : an analysis of water allocation rules." Lincoln College, University of Canterbury, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/2089.
Full textStarkey, Stephen Robert. "Water Allocation Under Uncertainty – Potential Gains from Optimisation and Market Mechanisms." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Management, Marketing and Entrepreneurship, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10205.
Full textNeagley, John P., and Robert T. Jr O'Brien. "Market allocation of agricultural water resources in the Salinas River Valley." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/27639.
Full textThe current drought conditions that the Central California coast has been facing and the increasing threat of saltwater intrusion have forced the Salinas Valley to consider alternatives that provide for conserving and allocating limited groundwater resources. Currently, groundwater resources are treated as a common pool resource where there are no clearly defined property rights for groundwater and there is no regulation of use. This thesis examines the question of how to implement a market system for groundwater in the Salinas Valley. The study compares a free-market approach of water allocation to other centralized water management practices. This study found that, in theory, the establishment of clearly defined groundwater rights and a free market system for groundwater would be an efficient method to allocate agricultural groundwater resources.
Garcia, Ana Teresa Saez. "Dynamics of water allocation in river basin management : an integrated approach." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333034.
Full textNeagley, John P. O'Brien Robert T. "Market allocation of agricultural water resources in the Salinas River Valley." Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA245767.
Full textThesis Advisor(s): Moore, Thomas P. Second Reader: Gates, William R. "December 1990." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 2, 2010. DTIC Identifier(s): Water Supplies, Irrigation Systems, Salinas River Valley (California), Theses, Free Market, Water Conservation, Public Policy, Salt Water, Policies, Farm Crops, Marketing. Author(s) subject terms: Groundwater Allocation, Groundwater Markets, Agricultural Groundwater, Salinas River Valley. Includes bibliographical references (p. 90-94). Also available in print.
Mohottala, Gedara Kularatne. "Optimal allocation of water in village irrigation systems of Sri Lanka." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/48342/1/Kularatne_Gedara_Thesis.pdf.
Full textKassa, Hailu Belay, Dereje H. Mariam, Farzad Moazzami, and Yacob Astatke. "Energy Efficient Water-Filling Algorithm for MIMO-OFDMA Cellular System." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/577502.
Full textIn this work we evaluated the performance of different water filling algorithms. We have selected four power allocation algorithms: Conventional water-filling (CWF), Constant power water-filling, Inverse Water-filling (IWF), and Adaptive Iterative Water-Filling (AIWF) algorithms. Capacity is the performance metric we used to compare the above algorithms by taking the optimality of transmission power allocation to each sub-channel into account. The power allocation can be calculated with a reference of the water level value that has different approaches for different algorithms. The water level can either be fixed once it is found, or it may be adaptive or different for different sub-channels. Hence, the results show that the adaptive iterative water filling (AIWF) algorithm has a better effect on the performance of MIMO-OFDM system by allocating power adaptively.
De, Aquino Sandra Cilce. "Water resource allocation in Canada (Manitoba) and Brazil (Ceara), legal and institutional impacts on Bulk Water Removal." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ62715.pdf.
Full textBhaktikul, Kampanad. "Development of a genetic algorithm for real time water allocation and water scheduling in complex irrigation systems." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10800.
Full textRodriguez, Fabián Francisco. "Local resolution for watershed management : the case of water and land allocation of Cotacachi, Ecuador /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1058798180.
Full textTitle from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 169 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Douglas Southgate, School of Natural Resources. Includes bibliographical references (p. 130-139).
Yoo, Young Seong. "Achieving water quality standards in Han River : least cost and its allocation." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285739.
Full textMonjardin, Laura Celina Ruelas. "A collaborative approach to water allocation in a coastal zone of Mexico." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400410.
Full textLove, David Keith. "Data-Driven Methods for Optimization Under Uncertainty with Application to Water Allocation." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/311177.
Full textJuana, James Sharka. "Efficiency and equity considerations in modeling inter-sectoral water demand in South Africa." Pretoria : [S.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06062008-140425/.
Full textBangash, Rubab Fatima. "Analysis of climate change impact on hydrological ecosystem services and water allocation in water scarce mediterranean river basins." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/145256.
Full textParece ser que la región mediterránea esuna zona particularmente vulnerable al cambio global y climático. Este hecho provoca un descenso en el caudal anual de los ríos y que la zona sea más propensa a un aumento de las sequías y el estrés hídrico. Esta tesis es una aproximación a la cuantificación y el análisis de la cantidad de aguay de los servicios ecosistémicos hidrológicos en regiones templadas bajo cambios ambientales.Se desarrollaron los modelos de caudal hidrológico y servicios ecosistémicos hidrológicos (aprovisionamiento de agua) para una cuenca de río mediterráneo de bajo caudal (río Francolí) utilizando MIKE BASIN e InVEST respectivamente. También se evaluaron los cambios en el subministro del serviciode regulación (control de la erosión) en la cuenca del río Llobregat (NE de España), la cual está fuertemente humanizada, considerando los impactos del cambio climático (temperatura y precipitación). Además, se adaptó el Proceso Jerárquico Analítco (PJA) para solucionar el problema de la alternativa de disponibilidad de agua para diferentes sectores en la cuenca del río Francolí según múltiples criterios de decisión. El cambio climático ya ha causado impactosen algunos elementos de los servicios ecosistémicos hidrológicos que son vulnerables en las cuencas de ríos mediterráneos. Todos estosimpactos determinan que, debido a la escasez de agua, sea necesario un enfoque correcto para el sistema de asignación de agua y los recursos hídricos alternativos apropiados a nivel de cuenca.
Sungu, Ronald O. "An assessment of the influence of water allocation on sustainable water resources management: A case study of the Nyando river basin, Kenya." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7048.
Full textWater problems prevalent in the Nyando River Basin are due to an ineffective water allocation system and lack of adequate conditions for implementation of sustainable integrated water resources management (IWRM) strategies. The basin is bedevilled by poor water resources management, inequitable allocation of water among consumers, physical infrastructural deficiencies, inefficient water utilisation, illegal water abstractions, natural resource mismanagement, conflicting and weak institutional roles and lack of stakeholder involvement in water resource management. The results of the study reveal sufficient per capita annual water availability with the potential to realise both Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Kenyan Vision 2030. However, analyses from flow duration curves (FDCs) and the water evaluation and planning (WEAP) model show that monthly water demands including environmental flow requirements (EFRs) are met only between 43% and 94% of the time. While the Water Act (2002) upholds the principles of IWRM on equitable and sustainable water resources allocation, in practice the current water allocation system falls short of implementing these strategies due to lack of a water allocation plan (WAP), inadequate water demand management (WDM), low infrastructural development and lack of community participation in WRM. For example, the total revenue generated in water supply schemes is only about 25 to 30% of their operational costs, which means that in the absence of subsidies the schemes cannot operate. The goal of this study was to examine the influence of the current water allocation system on water resources management in the Nyando River Basin by comparing the various sectoral water demands in the basin with the available water resources in order to improve understanding of how water allocation systems work in practice. The analyses further revealed that irrigation uses up to 72% of the available water, which is mainly drawn from the regular low flow contrary to the permit order. For example, the Ahero National Irrigation Scheme is permitted to draw 47 m3/day of water from regular flow and 13,500 m3/day from flood flow, but draws the whole amount from the regular flow; hence irrigation is the main cause of water deficits in the basin. Projections show that the irrigation sector will experience 300% increase in an unmet demand of 92.4 Mm3 by 2030 up from the current annual deficit of 2.9 Mm3. In light of the above challenges, both improvement of WDM and infrastructural provision have complementary roles in contributing to sustainable water availability, socioeconomic growth and poverty eradication in the basin and help achieve SDGs at the local scale. The results of the study will facilitate an understanding of the influence of water allocation systems on regional hydrology and form the basis of improving water allocation systems, and inform policy formulations to ensure sustained water availability and environmental sustainability in river basins. In that regard, this study contributes to the on-going global debate on Sustainable Development Goals by exploring ways of realising and improving IWRM strategies and the National targets.
Perez-Verdin, Gustavo, and Aregai Tecle. "Use of the Analytic Hierarchy Process in Forest Budget Allocation in Durango, Mexico." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296631.
Full textYeo, In-Young. "Multistage hierarchical optimization for land use allocation to control nonpoint source water pollution." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1127156412.
Full textTitle from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvii, 180 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 156-171). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
Zardari, Noor-ul-Hassan Civil & Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "An improved multicriterion analysis approach to avoid subjectivity in irrigation water allocation decisions." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Civil & Environmental Engineering, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41300.
Full textKucukmehmetoglu, Mehmet. "Water resources allocation and conflicts: the case of the Euphrates and the Tigris." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1389276138.
Full textKüçükmehmetoğlu, Mehmet. "Water resources allocation and conflicts : the case of the Euphrates and the Tigris /." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486462067842566.
Full textGalgale, Harshal. "Spatial optimal allocation of land and water resources using GIS and genetic algorithm." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2006. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7862.
Full textJacob-David, Dany D. "Effective Resource Allocation for Non-cooperative Spectrum Sharing." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20316.
Full textAl-Juaidi, Ahmed E. "Water Allocation for Agricultural Use Considering Treated Wastewater, Public Health Risk, and Economic Issues." DigitalCommons@USU, 2009. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/239.
Full textBate, R. "A history of the institutions for allocating water in South Africa, and efficiency of allocation of water between agricultural users in the Crocodile River catchment, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.596465.
Full textAhmed, Tarek Abdallah. "The development of a systematised decision process for optimising water allocation plans in Egypt." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361546.
Full textBösch, Christophe E. (Christophe Eric). "Optimizing the allocation of scarce water resources : a case study of the Gaza Strip." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43926.
Full textNdayizigiye, Tharcisse. "Efficient Irrigation Water Allocation and Use for Enhanced Paddy Productivity : Case study of Mugerero in Imbo lowland Region in Burundi." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Water and Environmental Studies, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-54285.
Full textTo address increasing irrigation water demand consecutive to the increasing population pressure in terms of food demand, there is an imperative of developing relevant mechanisms to regulate irrigation water consumption patterns. A radical shift from uncontrolled flooding irrigation as currently practiced by farmers in Mugerero paddy farming zone towards efficient allocation and use of water resources is important to save water that could be allocated to other water users.
This paper surveys current and past views on the way irrigation water is allocated in the irrigation scheme of Mugerero and how farmers are using water for paddy production purpose. The existing irrigation water practices as well as paddy productivity are assessed and the results are expected to be useful for water policy professionals, while addressing the growing water demand. According to the respondents, the causes of low paddy yields are the increasing and uncontrolled extension of paddy farming, non adapted irrigation infrastructure and water pricing systems as well as lack of updated knowledge and technologies on irrigation. These issues faced by the paddy farmers have led to pronounced economic, social and environmental consequences which are manifested in conflicts over irrigation water use, increasing soil salinity and pollution, destruction of infrastructure and above all, low irrigation paddy yields.The identification of the core problem in the irrigation system might be important for water managers as it would provide a starting point to establish comprehensive baseline towards efficient irrigation water allocation and use. This would improve paddy productivity within the formal as well as the growing informal paddy farming referred to “hors- perimeter” in the low land of Imbo region.