Relevant bibliographies by topics / Water allocation

Academic literature on the topic 'Water allocation'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Water allocation"

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Luo, Wei, Yang Zhang, and Zhen Tang. "Three-Steps Allocation Model of Water Utilization Based on Synergy Theory: Take Y City for Example." Applied Mechanics and Materials 733 (February 2015): 317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.733.317.

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In view of lack of systemic analysis on the optimization of water utilization structure and water allocation, the paper construct three-step allocation model of water utilization based on synergy theory. In the first step, identifying optimal allocation of domestic water, industrial water, agricultural water, ecological and environmental water with the synergy among the different purposes. In the second step, giving reasonable weight of different types of water using unit with the synergy among the different subjects. In the third step, allocating different demand of water using units in different months with the synergy among the different time. Finally, take the allocation of water in Y city in 2015 for example, we give the analog allocations of the model.
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Evans, Keith S., Caroline L. Noblet, Emma Fox, Kathleen P. Bell, and Abigail Kaminski. "Public acceptance of coastal zone management efforts: The role of citizen preferences in the allocation of funds." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 46, no. 2 (July 24, 2017): 268–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/age.2017.9.

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We investigate allocation of funds by citizens across management options addressing impairments to coastal water quality. We study systematic variation in citizen allocation of funds to adaptive versus preventative strategies including the impact of referundum choices and test whether allocations will be impacted by cuing in the design of the referendum. Two key policy insights from our results: citizens who votenoon a water quality referendum have different preferences over allocating funds and providing cues to voters influenced allocation behavior. These results can assist decision makers in thinking about language used to communicate coastal water quality issues, particularly budget referenda.
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Degefu, Dagmawi Mulugeta, Weijun He, and Jian Hua Zhao. "Transboundary water allocation under water scarce and uncertain conditions: a stochastic bankruptcy approach." Water Policy 19, no. 3 (December 28, 2016): 479–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2016.031.

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Designing a feasible and stable water sharing mechanism for transboundary river basins is a big challenge. The stochastic and uncertain characteristics of water flow in these rivers is among the main reasons which make the formation of cooperative coalitions with feasible water allocations and self-enforceable allocation agreements difficult. When the water in these river basins is scarce the task becomes even more challenging. This article focuses on the application of stochastic game theoretic extension of the bankruptcy concept to transboundary water resource sharing under water scarce and uncertain conditions. Among the water allocation vectors obtained from stochastic bankruptcy rules only the ones from the stochastic constrained equal awards rule were self-enforcing under uncertainty. Furthermore, the authors also proposed an allocation rule that can be used under a stochastic setting. The proposed rule provides water allocations that are self-enforcing in the absence of uncertainty. Generally, the application of the stochastic bankruptcy approach could be a source of important strategic information which can serve for the sustainable sharing and management of these vital sources of fresh water, particularly during water scarcity.
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Zhou, S., Y. Huang, Y. Wei, and G. Wang. "Recasting catchment water balance for water allocation between human and environmental purposes." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 12, no. 1 (January 22, 2015): 911–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-911-2015.

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Abstract. Rebalancing water allocation between human consumptive uses and the environment in water catchments is a global challenge. The conventional water balance approach which partitions precipitation into evapotranspiration (ET) and surface runoff supports the optimization of water allocations among different human water use sectors under the cap of water supply. However, this approach is unable to support the emerging water management priority issue of allocating water between societal and ecological systems. This paper recast the catchment water balance by partitioning catchment total ET into ET for the society and ET for the natural ecological systems, and estimated the impacts of water allocation on the two systems in terms of gross primary productivity (GPP), in the Murray–Darling Basin (MDB) of Australia over the period 1900–2010. With the recast water balance, the more than 100 year water management in the MDB was divided into four periods corresponding to major changes in basin management: period 1 (1900–1956) expansion of water and land use by the societal system, period 2 (1956–1985) maximization of water and land use by the societal system, period 3 (1985–2002) maximization of water diversion for the societal system, and period 4 (2002–present) rebalancing of water and land use between the societal and ecological systems. The recast water balance provided new understandings of the water and land dynamics between societal and ecological systems in the MDB, and it highlighted the experiences and lessons of catchment water management in the MDB over the last more than 100 years. The recast water balance could serve as the theoretical foundation for water allocation to keep a dynamic balance between the societal and ecological systems within a basin for sustainable catchment development. It provides a new approach to advance the discipline of socio-hydrology.
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Hope, R. A., J. W. Gowing, and G. P. W. Jewitt. "The contested future of irrigation in African rural livelihoods – analysis from a water scarce catchment in South Africa." Water Policy 10, no. 2 (April 1, 2008): 173–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2008.061.

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Agricultural improvement is seen as essential for economic growth, poverty reduction and food security in Africa. However, with new and priority demands for water agricultural allocations have come under closer scrutiny, particularly under water scarcity. In post-apartheid South Africa equitable water allocation has become an emblematic policy goal consistent with the imperative to create a fairer society. Catchment managers are now responsible for water allocation decisions across multiple and competing social, economic, environmental and political priorities. This analysis explores these challenges based on a study in the Luvuvhu catchment, Limpopo Province, which comprised (i) socio-economic evaluation of people's livelihoods across 10 communities, (ii) hydrological modelling studies, and (iii) a detailed performance evaluation for one typical smallholder irrigation scheme. Findings from this study indicate that water allocation for smallholder irrigation provides expected income and food benefits for those with secure irrigation access. However, while increasing water allocation for smallholder irrigation may be argued to redress current inequitable distribution within the national irrigated agricultural sector, there is no convincing evidence to support allocating more water to smallholder irrigation schemes when viewed within the wider development challenges in the Luvuvhu catchment. It is argued that catchment managers should rather consider the hydrological and social benefits associated with improvements in dryland farming for increasing food security under water scarcity.
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Zhang, Qin, Shigeya Maeda, and Toshihiko Kawachi. "Optimal Allocation of Irrigation Water by Balancing Water Use and Food Production." Journal of Rainwater Catchment Systems 11, no. 1 (2005): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7132/jrcsa.kj00004364679.

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Massarutto, Antonio. "Water pricing and full cost recovery of water services: economic incentive or instrument of public finance?" Water Policy 9, no. 6 (December 1, 2007): 591–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2007.024.

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Neoclassical economists have advocated the use of pricing instruments as a fundamental tool for achieving sustainability of water systems and an efficient allocation of water resources. This idea has been accepted in worldwide agreed definitions of sustainability, where “full-cost recovery” is considered as a basic requirement. In this paper, we argue that water pricing (aiming at allocative objectives) and cost recovery can often be at odds, while prevalence of one or the other objective also depends on whether the main issue at stake is financing infrastructure development and maintenance, or rather allocating scarce water resources. Therefore, the two issues should be dealt with separately and require different approaches to pricing.
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Hoekstra, Arjen, Ashok Chapagain, and Guoping Zhang. "Water Footprints and Sustainable Water Allocation." Sustainability 8, no. 1 (December 25, 2015): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su8010020.

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Kaune, Alexander, Faysal Chowdhury, Micha Werner, and James Bennett. "The benefit of using an ensemble of seasonal streamflow forecasts in water allocation decisions." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 24, no. 7 (July 30, 2020): 3851–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3851-2020.

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Abstract. The area to be cropped in irrigation districts needs to be planned according to the allocated water, which in turn is a function of the available water resource. Initially conservative estimates of future (in)flows in rivers and reservoirs may lead to unnecessary reduction of the water allocated. Though water allocations may be revised as the season progresses, inconsistency in allocation is undesirable to farmers as they may then not be able to use that water, leading to an opportunity cost in agricultural production. We assess the benefit of using reservoir inflow estimates derived from seasonal forecast datasets to improve water allocation decisions. A decision model is developed to emulate the feedback loop between simulated reservoir storage and water allocations to irrigated crops and is evaluated using inflow forecasts generated with the Forecast Guided Stochastic Scenarios (FoGSS) model, a 12-month ensemble streamflow forecasting system. Two forcings are used to generate the forecasts: ensemble streamflow prediction – ESP (historical rainfall) – and POAMA (calibrated rainfall forecasts from the POAMA climate prediction system). We evaluate the approach in the Murrumbidgee basin in Australia, comparing water allocations obtained with an expected reservoir inflow from FoGSS against the allocations obtained with the currently used conservative estimate based on climatology as well as against allocations obtained using observed inflows (perfect information). The inconsistency in allocated water is evaluated by determining the total changes in allocated water made every 15 d from the initial allocation at the start of the water year to the end of the irrigation season, including both downward and upward revisions of allocations. Results show that the inconsistency due to upward revisions in allocated water is lower when using the forecast datasets (POAMA and ESP) compared to the conservative inflow estimates (reference), which is beneficial to the planning of cropping areas by farmers. Overconfidence can, however, lead to an increase in undesirable downward revisions. This is more evident for dry years than for wet years. Over the 28 years for which allocation decisions are evaluated, we find that the accuracy of the available water estimates using the forecast ensemble improves progressively during the water year, especially 1.5 months before the start of the cropping season in November. This is significant as it provides farmers with additional time to make key decisions on planting. Our results show that seasonal streamflow forecasts can provide benefit in informing water allocation policies, particularly by earlier establishing final water allocations to farmers in the irrigation season. This allows them to plan better and use water allocated more efficiently.
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Bakken, Tor Haakon, Ingunn Saur Modahl, Hanne Lerche Raadal, Ana Adeva Bustos, and Silje Arnøy. "Allocation of water consumption in multipurpose reservoirs." Water Policy 18, no. 4 (February 19, 2016): 932–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2016.009.

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The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources represented a benchmark in the assessment of water consumption from electricity production. The numbers for hydropower ranged from very low to much larger than the other renewable technologies, partly explained by methodological problems. One of the methodological shortcomings identified was the lack of guidance on how to allocate the water consumption rates in multipurpose reservoirs. This paper is, according to the authors’ knowledge, the first attempt to evaluate, test and propose a methodology for the allocation of water consumption from such reservoirs. We tested four different allocation methods in four different cases, all serving three to five functions, including drinking water supply, irrigation, flood control, industrial water, ecological flow and power generation. Based on our case studies we consider volume allocation to be the most robust approach for allocating water consumption between functions in multipurpose reservoirs. The spatial boundaries of the analysis should follow the boundaries of the hydraulic system. We recommend that data should preferably be gathered from one source for all functions, to ensure a consistent calculation approach. We believe the findings are relevant for similar allocation problems, such as allocation of energy investments and green-house gas emissions from multipurpose reservoirs.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Water allocation"

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Colvin, Jamie Cameron. "Water markets : factors in efficient water allocation." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50546.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.
Some digitised pages may appear illegible due to the condition of the original hard copy
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Water is essential for life. Like the very air that surrounds us the omnipresent and indispensable qualities of water pervade throughout all of our lives. For reasons of health, community and trade the beginnings of all civilisations were proximate to the mighty rivers of the world. In a rapidly expanding global village, the priority for our future is to secure the management of increasing levels of water demand, given the finite natural cycle that all water is subject to and derived from; the hydrological cycle. The focus of this papers investigation is how best to allocate the value of water through the relatively nascent developments of water markets. The premise of utilising markets for allocative efficiency is suitably ingrained in the workings of many societies today, and the need to treat water with commensurate value and avoid waste is encapsulated in the Dublin Principles, where #4 states; 'Water has an economic value in all its competing uses and should be recognised as an economic good'. Which in isolation has merit, the legacy of state water management is usually associated with underperformance at best or incompetence and corruption at worst, and therefore the introduction of market mechanisms to provide water with allocative efficiency and true value, should be a positive undertaking for change. However the requisite conditions for proficient markets and perfect competition; which primarily include, that all agents are buyers and sellers, for a homogeneous product, with perfect information, without externalities, after the full and fair assignment of property rights, where all goods and services are private goods, and where transaction costs remain close to zero; would seldom be applicable to water. The many idiosyncrasies of water inhibit the application of competitive markets. Water could easily be defined as a public good with riparian rights, subject to a range of social and environmental externalities, whilst incurring high structural entry costs and remaining subject to the problematic vagaries of the natural supply cycle. Demand profiles also give water a heterogeneous definition, as domestic uses include both sanitation and drinking water, whilst various levels of quality are required for industry and agriculture, and even recreation. This paper seeks to define those factors that both warrant and limit the introduction of market functions to water management. The premise of this paper remains the search for better ways of valuing water, and how to incorporate fully the foundations of the environment and social criteria of health, and poverty reduction within these economic considerations. The conclusion defines a premium / discount solution to market traded water prices, which internalises these factors.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Water is noodsaaklik vir lewe. Net soos die lug wat ons omring het water ook alomteenwoordige eienskappe wat In onskeibare deel van ons lewens vorm. Die ontstaan van alle beskawings is te vinde in die nabyheid van groot en gevestigde riviere vir redes van gemeenskaplikheid, gesondheid en handel. Vandag se geintegreerde en snel-groeiende samelewing met sy toenemende vraag na water, noodsaak 'n toekomsgerigte benadering om waterbronne te bestuur gegewe die vaste water natuursiklus waar water vandaan kom en bewaar word in. Die fokus van hierdie studie is om die beste metodes te vind vir waterallokasie met verwysing na die ontwikkeling van water markte oor die eeue. Die gebruik van die markstelsel om water effektief te allokeer is die grondslag van baie samelewings vandag. So erken die Dublin beginsels die noosaaklikheid om 'n waarde te plaas op water beklemtoon dat dit nie vermors moet word nie. Beginsel #4 bepaal: "Water het 'n ekonomiese waarde in al sy vele gebruike en moet ooreenkomstig erken word as ekonomiese saak". Die bestuur van waterbronne deur 'n owerheid word gewoonlik vereenselwig met 'n nie-optimale of selfs korrupte onbevoegdheid. Hier behoort die bekendstelling van mark beginsels om 'n waarde en nut op water te plaas dus 'n positiewe ontwikkeling te wees. Tog is dit ook duidelik dat die vereistes vir 'n effektiewe mark; alle agente is kopers en verkopers, 'n eenvormige produk, deursigtigheid in informasie, geen eksternaliteite, erkenning van besitreg, alle goedere en dienste is privaat goedere, transaksie koste is naby aan nul; nie volkome toepasbaar is op water nie. Die eenvoudige asook komplekse aard van water verhoed dat standaard markstelsel en beginsels van kompetisie eenvormig toepasbaar is. Water kan ook maklik gekategoriseer word as publieke goedere met gemeenskapsregte, wat dit dan onderhewig sal maak aan verskeie maatskaplike en omgewingsmaatreëls, hoë toetrede kostes, en logistieke probleme van die verskaffingsiklus. Dit is egter die vraag na water wat defineer dit as heterogene produk met huishoudelike gebruike vir beide persoonlike verbruik asook sanitasie, terwyl doelgerigte gebruike in landbou, handel en nywerheid ook spesifieke kwaliteite kan vereis. Hierdie werkstuk beoog om die faktore te defineer wat die bekendstelling van 'n mark stelsel vir water bestuur daarstel en ook beperk. Die uitgangspunt van hierdie studie was om maniere te vind vir beter ekonomiese waardasie van water en dit dan te kombineer met die fondasies van die omgewing, maatskaplike & gesondheidsmaatreëls, asook die toeganklikheid van basiese dienste aan almal.
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Tomkins, Claire Danielle. "Allocation and pricing of water resources /." May be available electronically:, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.

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Akhand, Md Nurul Alam. "A canal irrigation water allocation model." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185910.

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A water allocation model was developed to assist with allocation of canal water to competing crop irrigation demands. Multi-period linear programming was utilized to optimally allocate water in both time and space to maximize benefits for an irrigated farm. Irrigation scheduling, crop response and canal water delivery models were used to support the water allocation decisions. The irrigation scheduling model supplied information on crop evapotranspiration and soil water storage. The crop response model predicted crop yield in response to the irrigation water applications. The canal delivery model checked the feasibility of supplying the allocation quantities through the control structures and turnouts. The allocation model was evaluated by tests of water allocation for the University of Arizona, Maricopa Agricultural Center demonstration farm. In crop scenarios which emphasized cotton production, the model recommended deficit irrigation for the barley, cotton, grapes and wheat fields during periods when the quantity of irrigation water demanded was greater than that supplied. Analysis of the effects of changes in water cost and crop returns showed the basis of the solution remained unchanged for a wide range of data. The basis was, however, found to be unstable with very limited water supplies. In addition to serving as a planning tool, the allocation model could be used as a real time management tool. It is believed to have broad applicability to other irrigation projects in other areas with characteristics similar to Arizona test conditions.
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Patrick, Marian J. "Scale and justice in water allocation." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2012. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/474.

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Water allocation is a fundamental part of water resources management. Water allocation is often a contested process because it involves multiple uses and users of water. Issues of justice arise when resources are, or are perceived to be, in short supply. When water is allocated the rules for the distribution of the resource may result in just outcomes for some stakeholders but may create injustices for other stakeholders. Issues of scale thus form an important component of water allocation. This thesis draws from an amalgam of ideas on justice, scale and water management and aims to present a conceptual framework that explicitly utilises an understanding of scale and levels as a means to enrich the concept of justice in the context of the water allocation. The discovery that there was no existing conceptual framework described in the literature that explicitly addressed and defined water, scale and justice simultaneously and in sufficient depth revealed the necessity to develop such a framework hence providing the primary impetus for this study. Two scales – a regulatory and an institutional scale – were identified using a specific issue facing water management within the Murray-Darling Basin in Australia, namely Domestic and Stock (D&S) dams. The management of D&S dams currently falls outside the formal water entitlement framework for the Basin and presents a scenario of perceived injustice in that water share holders pay for their water and rely on it for their livelihoods while those accessing water for D&S use do not pay for it and often it is for aesthetic purposes. Five levels within the regulatory and institutional scale were found to be relevant to this issue and comprised the federal, basin, state, regional and local levels. These levels described the boundary of the system under investigation and they defined the scope of the study. They also provided the means to identify the relevant legislation, strategy and policy documentation at each level within the regulatory scale and the relevant institutions and key decision makers that were interviewed at each level in the institutional scale. Content analysis techniques were used to examine five regulatory documents and ten interview transcripts; one document from each of the five levels within the regulatory scale and two interviewees from each of the levels within the institutional scale formed the primary data source for the study. The texts were coded, categories were identified, ideas were clustered and three themes were developed. These themes were entitled: Broadening the Scope of Justice; A Continuum of Justice and The Dynamics of Justice. Each of these themes provided a different perspective of justice and contributed to the development of a conceptual framework entitled The Cycles and Spirals of Justice. This study explored justice through the lens of the issue of Domestic and Stock (D&S) dams. The issue of D&S dams was taken up by a number of institutions and addressed via a number of policies and regulations. As it moved through the various levels of the regulatory and institutional scales it was perceived to be dealt with justly by some and resulting in injustices by others. Justice is in the eye of the beholder! Politics and power shifted the D&S issue around the system; it was reframed by institutions along the way to suit their mandates and their cause. What was deemed as a just way of dealing with D&S dams at one level was deemed unjust at another. Three justice for whom categories were identified and explored through the case study, namely justice for social, economic or environmental concerns. They were found to vary between the levels of the regulatory and institutional scale and their positions on each scale shifted under extreme water scarce conditions. The case study illustrated the interdependency of social, economic and environmental concerns, the need to be fully inclusive of all three concerns within a scope of justice. Striving for or managing for justice is not a static act; if justice is achieved at one level, it might not be at another. What is often perceived as a just outcome at one level of one scale could result in injustices at another level or scale. It is important to recognise that there exists at each level a cycling continuum of justice and injustice, and that because we are dealing with issues in a complex system we need to be cognisant of the relationship between justice and injustice in the decision making process. There exists a distinct possibility that we might be unaware of the injustices that our actions at one level might have at another. I have developed a conceptual framework entitled the Cycles and Spirals of Justice that helps make sense of the relationship between justice and injustice in the context of the water allocation decision making by explicitly utilising an understanding of scale and levels. This is a transdisciplinary study so it is hoped that the findings of this research will contribute to building bridges between disciplines, enhance the current understanding of the concepts of justice and scale in the context of water allocation and ultimately contribute in some small way to water being used and distributed more justly and sustainably in the future.
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Wang, Lizhong. "Cooperative Water Resources Allocation among Competing Users." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/867.

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A comprehensive model named the Cooperative Water Allocation Model (CWAM) is developed for modeling equitable and efficient water allocation among competing users at the basin scale, based on a multiperiod node-link river basin network. The model integrates water rights allocation, efficient water allocation and equitable income distribution subject to hydrologic constraints comprising both water quantity and quality considerations. CWAM allocates water resources in two steps: initial water rights are firstly allocated to water uses based on legal rights systems or agreements, and then water is reallocated to achieve efficient use of water through water transfers. The associated net benefits of stakeholders participating in a coalition are allocated by using cooperative game theoretical approaches.

The first phase of the CWAM methodology includes three methods for deriving initial water rights allocation among competing water uses, namely the priority-based multiperiod maximal network flow (PMMNF) programming, modified riparian water rights allocation (MRWRA) and lexicographic minimax water shortage ratios (LMWSR) methods. PMMNF is a very flexible approach and is applicable under prior, riparian and public water rights systems with priorities determined by different criteria. MRWRA is essentially a special form of PMMNF adapted for allocation under the riparian regime. LMWSR is designed for application under a public water rights system, which adopts the lexicographic minimax fairness concept. The second step comprises three sub-models: the irrigation water planning model (IWPM) is a model for deriving benefit functions of irrigation water; the hydrologic-economic river basin model (HERBM) is the core component of the coalition analysis, which searches for the values of various coalitions of stakeholders and corresponding optimal water allocation schemes, based on initial water rights, monthly net benefit functions of demand sites and the ownership of water uses; the sub-model cooperative reallocation game (CRG) of the net benefit of the grand coalition adopts cooperative game solution concepts, including the nucleolus, weak nucleolus, proportional nucleolus, normalized nucleolus and Shapley value, to perform equitable reallocation of the net benefits of stakeholders participating in the grand coalition. The economically efficient use of water under the grand coalition is achieved through water transfers based on initial water rights.

Sequential and iterative solution algorithms utilizing the primal simplex method are developed to solve the linear PMMNF and LMWSR problems, respectively, which only include linear water quantity constraints. Algorithms for nonlinear PMMNF and LMWSR problems adopt a two-stage approach, which allow nonlinear reservoir area- and elevation-storage relations, and may include nonlinear water quality constraints. In the first stage, the corresponding linear problems, excluding nonlinear constraints, are solved by a sequential or iterative algorithm. The global optimal solution obtained by the linear programming is then combined together with estimated initial values of pollutant concentrations to be used as the starting point for the sequential or iterative nonlinear programs of the nonlinear PMMNF or LMWSR problem. As HERBM adopts constant price-elasticity water demand functions to derive the net benefit functions of municipal and industrial demand sites and hydropower stations, and quadratic gross benefit functions to find the net benefit functions of agriculture water uses, stream flow demands and reservoir storages, it is a large scale nonlinear optimization problem even when the water quality constraints are not included. An efficient algorithm is built for coalition analysis, utilizing a combination of the multistart global optimization technique and gradient-based nonlinear programming method to solve a HERBM for each possible coalition.

Throughout the study, both the feasibility and the effectiveness of incorporating equity concepts into conventional economic optimal water resources management modeling are addressed. The applications of CWAM to the Amu Darya River Basin in Central Asia and the South Saskatchewan River Basin in western Canada demonstrate the applicability of the model. It is argued that CWAM can be utilized as a tool for promoting the understanding and cooperation of water users to achieve maximum welfare in a river basin and minimize the damage caused by water shortages, through water rights allocation, and water and net benefit transfers among water users under the regulated water market or administrative allocation mechanism.
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Movik, Synne. "Fluid rights South Africa's water allocation reform." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488584.

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The perceived threat of water scarcity and the rise of the integrated water resources management paradigm have prompted policy reforms worldwide, with South Africa's 1998 Water Act being regarded as particularly progressive.
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Benninghoff, Benjamin Daniel. "An evaluation of Ontario's water allocation system, the perspectives of water users." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0019/MQ55654.pdf.

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Santos, Roman Deborah Matilde. "Systematization of water allocation systems: an engineering approach." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4909.

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The allocation of water resources is typically accomplished within the framework of water allocation systems (WAS). In general, a WAS sets priorities, applies rules, and organizes responses to a range of water allocation scenarios. This research presents a comprehensive study of water allocation strategies and provides a conceptual framework of principles and guidelines for designing, assessing, implementing and supporting WAS. The voluminous compilation of international treaties and conventions, interstate compacts, intrastate administrative documentation, and scientific/engineering literature was researched in order to identify different water allocation strategies and mechanisms. From this analysis eight fundamental areas of WAS were identified: water rights, determination of water allotment, administrative systems, reservoir storage considerations, system reliability, multiple uses, instream flow requirements, and drought management. The systematic scrutiny of these eight areas at the international, interstate, and intrastate levels defined the conceptual framework for assessing WAS. The Texas experience with regard to its Water Availability Modeling system is also reviewed with particular emphasis on the application of the Water Rights Analysis Package (WRAP) model in supporting water allocation efforts. The Lower Rio Grande WAS was used as a case study to demonstrate how the principles presented in the conceptual framework can be used to assess water allocation issues and identify alternative strategies. Three WRAP simulation studies utilizing several components of the conceptual framework were performed in order to assess the Lower Rio Grande WAS. The simulations focused on three of the major water allocation issues of the Texas Rio Grande: reallocation among uses, instream flow requirements, and drought management. The simulations showed several deficiencies in the Lower Rio Grande WAS, particularly regarding the size of the domestic-municipal-industrial (DMI) reserve and its effect on the reliability of other uses. The simulation results suggest that water from the DMI can be liberated to be used by irrigators and to support environmental flows without affecting the reliability to municipal users. Several strategies were proposed that can potentially improve the overall efficiency of the system. Nonetheless, implementing new strategies and water allocation policies in the Lower Rio Grande WAS would require considerable changes in regulation policies.
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Lee, Lisa Yu-Ting. "EFFICIENT WATER ALLOCATION IN A HETEROGENEOUS CATCHMENT SETTING." University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2466.

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Doctor of Philosophy
The problem of water scarcity has become one of the most controversial topics in Australia over the past decades, with particular focus being the ‘sustainable’ allocation of water between extractive and environmental purposes. Geographical factors are defining the extreme variability in climate and water supply in Australia and, in the past, this was used as a rationale for the construction of large irrigation projects to deliver water to rural, urban, and industrial users. During this ‘expansionary’ phase of Australia’s water use sector, the cost of augmenting supply was relatively low and environmental considerations were secondary to the development imperative. As a result, water resources became over-allocated for extractive uses spurred on by consistent underpricing of water, which indicated a failure to reflect the true cost of water supply. As Australia’s water economy entered a ‘mature’ phase, it was no longer possible to increase supply cheaply as the most easily accessible water resources had already been captured. This was followed by widespread environmental degradation manifested in the Murray- Darling Basin, the nation’s largest river basin which hosts much of Australia’s agricultural production. Consequently, the focus shifted towards demand management, leading to a myriad of regulation aimed at increasing the allocative efficiency of scarce water resources. Towards this end, substantial government funding was injected into the various initiatives throughout the water reform process. Despite the on-going government activities in the area of water reform, the understanding of the actual economic impact and environmental outcomes of various water policies in practice remains limited. In the absence of such understanding, the effectiveness of various government water initiatives is ambiguous and inevitably compromised. The present study addresses this knowledge gap by establishing a method for evaluating the economic and environmental outcomes of environmentally-oriented polices that affect irrigated industries in a catchment. The method is based on an integrated biophysical and economic modelling approach, which enables spatial relationships to be captured accurately allowing a more realistic analysis. Information generated from a computer based biophysical simulation model form the basis of an economic optimisation model with constraints pertaining to environmental targets and water supply limits. The economic model consists of a linear programming and dynamic programming component, and involves the optimisation of resource use from a catchment manager’s perspective, seeking to achieve efficient resource use but at the same time conform to given environmental objectives. This embedded linear and dynamic programming approach was required to determine the optimal intra-seasonal and inter-seasonal water allocation, given various catchment environmental targets. The interdisciplinary approach enables the economic and ecological outcomes of the catchment management policies to be simulated and assessed at a spatially explicit scale, due to the link to Geographical Information Systems (GIS) in the biophysical model. The overall objective was to create a decision-making framework that could be used to determine the least-cost means of meeting environmental targets and resource constraints. The solutions to the analysis are directly applicable to the case study, the Mooki catchment in northern New South Wales (NSW), but with an adaptable framework that can be applied to other catchments. Specific objectives include an evaluation of the possibility of using alternative irrigation systems, as well as an evaluation of the benefits that can be realised by establishing water market, in the light of environmentally-oriented catchment policies for the case study. The economic cost of achieving environmental targets pertaining to environmental flow requirements and salinity reduction, in the form of end-of-valley salinity targets, was explicitly calculated through the economic model. While salinity targets have been set for NSW catchments, the practicality of such targets is in question, given the substantial reductions in water allocation to irrigation activities, which is one of the key contributors to deep-drainage. An additional objective in this study was therefore to investigate the value of having deep drainage targets. A further consideration is the effect of “external agents” in the form of government plans to buyback entitlements from irrigation districts, or the possibility of significant water rights purchases from mining industries. The implications of external water market entrants on the regional agricultural industry were examined.
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10

Silva, Samiria Maria Oliveira da. "Compensation and risk management mechanism in water allocation." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=14819.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico
The process of water allocation between different and competing uses in an uncertain climate scenario reinforces the motivation to study risk management of water systems. In this way, the purpose of this study is to propose the incorporation of a climate risk management mechanism in the process of water allocation, aiming an equitable and efficient management of these resources. For this, an aggregate model consisting of a reservoir of regulation and two users (urban supply and irrigation) was used to build and evaluate a financial mechanism. Afterwards, a disaggregation model consisting of multiple reservoirs was used to apply the concepts defined in the previous model. Initially, an indicator was chosen to be used as a trigger for the financial mechanism. This trigger started the mechanism whenever any rigorous state of drought in the water system was detected, which were classified in four different types: moderate drought, severe drought, extreme drought and exceptional drought. The amount of compensation was calculated based on the benefits achieved by the sector that lost water guarantee during the scarcity period. This evaluation was performed by the application of two methods for apportioning the water availability: linear apportionment and priority system. The available water flow for allocation was calculated using the reservoir operation strategy with inflows zero in the semester of the year. However, the incorporation of climate information in the process was also tested. Two triggers were proposed for the financial mechanism: Drought indices and Rationing level. The drought indices were built based on the average precipitation (standardized precipitation index), the inflow (standardized index flow) and the final volume of system operation (synthetic index). The rationing level mechanism is based on the available water flow for allocation and it was chosen due to its existing relation with the volume stored. This relationship allows the trigger to perform well both for the drought detection probability as for the false alarm. In addition, a conceptual framework for incorporating the financial mechanism to charge for the water use was elaborated, as well as an evaluation of the performance of the system as for the incorporation of the financial mechanism through two indicators: economic efficiency and equity (allocative justice). The performance evaluation showed that the payment of compensation in a period of drought due higher warranty (priority) of other uses operates to a greater equity and efficiency in water allocation. In order to keep the funds collected by the charge to cover the compensation, a regularization fund that has annual revenues of parcels carried out by the urban water supply and by the government was created. This regularization fund ensures the financial sustainability and also a good ability to adapt the incorporation mechanism to the collect instrument. Consequently, the financial compensation is a viable option for both water managers, who will have greater flexibility in their decisions, as well as for the water resources system, that will have more equity in their process of water allocation.
O processo de alocaÃÃo de Ãgua entre usos diferentes e conflitantes em um cenÃrio de incerteza climÃtica reforÃa a motivaÃÃo para estudar a gestÃo de riscos em sistemas hÃdricos. Dessta forma, o presente estudo propÃe a incorporaÃÃo de um mecanismo de gestÃo de risco climÃtico no processo de alocaÃÃo de recursos hÃdricos visando o gerenciamento equitativo e eficiente desses recursos. Para isso, utilizou-se um modelo agregado composto por um reservatÃrio de regularizaÃÃo e dois usuÃrios abastecimento urbano e irrigaÃÃo, para construir e avaliar o mecanismo financeiro. Em seguida, utilizou-se um modelo desagregado, com mÃltiplos reservatÃrios, para aplicar os conceitos definidos no modelo anterior. Inicialmente, foi definido um indicador para ser utilizado como gatilho do mecanismo financeiro. Esse gatilho acionou o mecanismo sempre que foi detectado algum estado de severidade seca no sistema hÃdrico, sendo utilizado quatro estados: seca moderada, seca severa, seca extrema e seca excepcional. O valor da compensaÃÃo foi calculado com base nos benefÃcios alcanÃados pelo setor que perdeu garantia hÃdrica no perÃodo de escassez. Essa avaliaÃÃo foi realizada por meio da aplicaÃÃo de dois mÃtodos de rateio das disponibilidades hÃdricas: rateio linear e sistema de prioridades. A vazÃo disponÃvel para alocaÃÃo foi determinada utilizando a estratÃgia de operaÃÃo do reservatÃrio com afluÃncias zero no semestre do ano. Entretanto, tambÃm testou-se a incorporaÃÃo da informaÃÃo climÃtica nesse processo. Foram propostos dois gatilhos para o mecanismo financeiro: Ãndices de seca e NÃvel de Racionamento. Os Ãndices de seca foram construÃdos com base na precipitaÃÃo mÃdia (Ãndice padronizado de precipitaÃÃo), na vazÃo afluente (Ãndice padronizado de escoamento) e no volume final da operaÃÃo do sistema (Ãndice sintÃtico). O nÃvel de racionamento possuiu como base a vazÃo disponÃvel para alocaÃÃo (retirada controlada). A escolha dessa variÃvel deu-se pela relaÃÃo existente entre ela e o volume armazenado Essa relaÃÃo permite que o gatilho obtenha um bom desempenho tanto para a probabilidade de detecÃÃo de seca quanto para o falso alarme. AlÃm disso, elaborou-se uma base conceitual para incorporar o mecanismo financeiro a cobranÃa pelo uso da Ãgua e avaliou-se o desempenho do sistema quanto à incorporaÃÃo do mecanismo financeiro por meio de dois indicadores, eficiÃncia econÃmica e equidade (justiÃa alocativa). A avaliaÃÃo de desempenho mostrou que o pagamento da compensaÃÃo em um perÃodo de seca devido à maior garantia (prioridade) de outros usos opera no sentido de uma maior equidade e eficiÃncia na alocaÃÃo de Ãgua. No intuito de guardar os recursos financeiros arrecadados pela cobranÃa para a cobertura das compensaÃÃes propÃs-se um fundo de regularizaÃÃo que possui parcelas de arrecadaÃÃo anual realizadas pelo abastecimento urbano e pelo governo. O fundo de regularizaÃÃo garante a sustentabilidade financeira e a incorporaÃÃo do mecanismo ao instrumento de cobranÃa uma boa capacidade de adaptaÃÃo ao sistema. Assim, a compensaÃÃo financeira à uma opÃÃo viÃvel tanto para os gestores de recursos hÃdricos que terÃo maior flexibilidade nas suas decisÃes quanto para o sistema de recursos hÃdricos que terà maior equidade no seu processo de alocaÃÃo de Ãgua.
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Books on the topic "Water allocation"

1

Koundouri, Phoebe, ed. Water Resources Allocation. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9825-2.

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Hall, Greeneville. Ocklawaha River water allocation study. Palatka, Fla: St. Johns River Water Management District, 2005.

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Dinar, Ariel. Water allocation mechanisms: Principles and examples. Washington, DC: World Bank, Agriculture and Natural Resources Dept., Sector Policy and Water Resources Division, 1997.

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Rosegrant, Mark W. Tradable water rights: Experiences in reforming water allocation policy. [Arlington, Va: ISPAN Technical Support Center, 1994.

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Nevada, Legislature Legislative Committee to Study the Use Allocation and Management of Water. Use, management, and allocation of water resources. [Carson City, Nev.]: Legislative Counsel Bureau, 2007.

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Victoria. Parliament. Environment and Natural Resources Committee. Inquiry into the allocation of water resources: Report. Melbourne, Vic: Environment and Natural Resources Committee, 2001.

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Diana, Tetens, ed. Whose water is it?: Major water allocation issues facing Georgia. [Athens, GA]: Carl Vinson Institute of Govt., the University of Georgia, 1998.

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Xu, Meng, and Chunhui Li. Application of the Water Footprint: Water Stress Analysis and Allocation. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0234-7.

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Speed, Robert. Basin water allocation planning: Principles, procedures, and approaches for basin allocation planning. Metro Manila, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, GIWP, UNESCO, and WWF-UK, 2013.

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(USDA), Michael R. Moore. Endangered species preservation and western water allocation. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Water allocation"

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Iacovides, Iacovos. "Water Resources in Cyprus: Endowments and Water Management Practices." In Water Resources Allocation, 11–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9825-2_2.

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Koundouri, Phoebe, and Ekin Birol. "Introduction." In Water Resources Allocation, 1–9. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9825-2_1.

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Birol, Ekin, Phoebe Koundouri, and Yiannis Koundouris. "Water Resources Management and Wetland Conservation: The Case of Akrotiri Wetland in Cyprus." In Water Resources Allocation, 141–55. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9825-2_10.

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Koundouri, Phoebe, Ekin Birol, and Cahit Ezel. "Facing the Future: Concluding Remarks." In Water Resources Allocation, 157–62. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9825-2_11.

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Birol, Ekin, Phoebe Koundouri, and Yiannis Koundouris. "Erratum to: Chapter 10 Water Resources Management and Wetland Conservation: The Case of Akrotiri Wetland in Cyprus." In Water Resources Allocation, E1. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9825-2_12.

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Iacovides, Iacovos. "Water Use Patterns in Cyprus and Demand Management: Towards Water Resources Sustainability." In Water Resources Allocation, 23–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9825-2_3.

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Birol, Ekin, Phoebe Koundouri, and Kyriaki Remoundou. "The Implementation of the European Union Water Framework Directive in Cyprus." In Water Resources Allocation, 33–43. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9825-2_4.

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Iacovides, Iacovos. "Water Management: Administration and Legislation." In Water Resources Allocation, 45–63. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9825-2_5.

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Brouma, Anthi Dionissia, and Cahit Ezel. "Water Policy Networks: A New Form of Governance for Cyprus? The Case of Nicosia." In Water Resources Allocation, 65–87. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9825-2_6.

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Groom, Ben, and Phoebe Koundouri. "The Economics of Water Resource Allocation: Valuation Methods and Policy Implications." In Water Resources Allocation, 89–109. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9825-2_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Water allocation"

1

de Vries, Tonny T., and Arif A. Anwar. "Equitable Canal Water Allocation." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2015. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479162.068.

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Norman L. Klocke, Loyd R. Stone, Gary A. Clark, Troy J. Dumler, and Steven Briggeman. "Crop Water Allocation for Limited Ground Water." In 2005 Tampa, FL July 17-20, 2005. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.18956.

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Liu, Dongbo, and Chao Ma. "Analysis on Water Allocation in Water Rights Trade." In 2011 Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/appeec.2011.5748877.

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Xiao, Yi, Keith W. Hipel, and Liping Fang. "Towards More Productive Water Allocation with Water Demand Management." In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smc.2015.116.

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Chen, Xu-sheng, and De-cheng Fan. "A novel water quantities allocation arithmetic in water management." In 2010 2nd International Conference on Advanced Computer Control. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icacc.2010.5487070.

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Loch, A., and H. Bjornlund. "Trade influences in Australia’s allocation market: can allocations provide environmental water?" In SUSTAINABLE IRRIGATION 2010. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/si100201.

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Lopes de Almeida, J. "Incorporating CO2 net flux in multipurpose reservoir water allocation optimization." In WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IV. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wrm070011.

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Manshadi, Hamid Reza Dehghan, Mohammad Hossein Niksokhan, and Mojtaba Ardestani. "Water Allocation in Inter-Basin Water Transfer with the Virtual Water Approach." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2013. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412947.247.

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Hao, Chen, Xu Biao, Meimei Liu, Cui Can, and Jianwei Wu. "The Optimal Allocation of Water Resources." In 2013 Fifth International Conference on Computational and Information Sciences (ICCIS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccis.2013.499.

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Wu, Feng-ping, and Ye Zhou. "Analysis on reasons for reserved water in water rights allocation." In EM 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icieem.2011.6035373.

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Reports on the topic "Water allocation"

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Water Management Institute, International. Water pricing and allocation. International Water Management Institute (IWMI), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5337/2010.219.

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Zilberman, David, and Eithan Hochman. Price Evaluation and Allocation of Water under Alternative Water Rights Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1992.7561062.bard.

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This project developed conceptual and empirical frameworks to analyze the water management politics as water scarcity increases. The analyses showed that increased scarcity will tend to encourage a transition from systems in which water is allocated administratively to water trading. However, transaction costs and political economy considerations placed barriers on the introduction of markets. The recent droughts - both in Israel and California were shown to cause an increase in water use efficiency by adoption of modern technologies and improvement of water conveyance systems. The drought led to institutional innovations and an increased reliance on trading as mechanisms for water allocation. Case studies from both countries demonstrate that reducing barriers to water trading and increasing farmers' flexibility in exchange of water will lead to efficient outcomes and much better uses of existing water resources.
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Zilberman, David, and Eithan Hochman. Price Evaluation and Allocation of Water under Alternative Water Rights System - Part II. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7573067.bard.

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This project is a continuation of US 2081-91. Together they develop a conceptual and empirical framework to analyze alternative forms of water reform that lead to efficient pricing of water. Our analysis demonstrates that the transition from water rights systems to water trading may lead to improved resource allocation even when overall availability of water resources declines. We introduce two systems of water trading, passive markets and active markets, and show that passive markets lead to efficient resource allocation with lower transaction costs. We demonstrate that both methods of trading are superior to block pricing. We identify the political economic situations that would lead to each type of water resource allocation. Examples from Israel and California are used to demonstrate the conceptual results.
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Murray-Rust, H., and P. Droogers. Water for the future: linking irrigation and water allocation in the Zayandeh Rud Basin, Iran. International Water Management Institute (IWMI)., 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.5337/2012.008.

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Shadurdyyev, G. Analysis of sets of factors affecting the variable flow of the Amu Darya River to create a seasonal prognostic model. Kazakh-German University, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29258/dkucrswp/2022/53-72.eng.

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The Amu Darya River is a transboundary river whose flow of the river in high-water years reaches up to 108 km3 and in low-water years up to 47 km3 and these are huge fluctuations in the water flow of the river for Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and Afghanistan, that share water among themselves. The point to consider is that the downstream countries Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan (and possibly Afghanistan in the future) use a lot of water for irrigation, and therefore these countries are the ones most in need of an accurate forecast of the volume of water for the upcoming season. An accurate forecast of the volume of water on the seasonal scale is necessary for better planning of the structure of crops, and subsequently water use in the irrigation of crops. An acceptable solution to this challenge is the construction of an empirical time series model that will be used to predict the seasonal flows of the Amu Darya River to improve the planning and management of water resources in downstream countries. This article considers three important discharge time series in the larger Amu Darya Basin. These include the Kerki Gauge on the Amu Darya, Darband Gauge on Vaksh River and Khorog Gauge on Gunt River. Long-term time series from these stations are available for the study of the development and implementation of time-series based models for the prediction of discharge in the basin. At this stage, we attempt to demonstrate a proof-of-concept which can in a second step convince stakeholders to share such type of discharge data operationally for more effective water allocation between sectors and countries. All our work was carried out with the quantitative tools R/RStudio and QGIS. It can serve as a stepping stone for more complex forecasting models in the future.
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Brown, Willie, and Jonathan Alt. Investigating the USACE Operational Condition Assessment process current and future. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39999.

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The US Army Corps of Engineers operates, maintains, and manages more than $232 billion worth of the Nation’s water resource infrastructure and relies on the Operational Condition Assessment (OCA) process to determine the condition of the assets and their components. The sheer number of components, all of equal OCA scheduling priority, creates challenges in ensuring that assessments are conducted in a timely manner and that data generated are of sufficient quality to inform resource allocation decisions. This research applied methods from systems design to determine the OCA system “as-is” state and create a stakeholder-informed vision of a “to-be” state that addresses current system challenges. To meet its objective of providing current assessments of asset condition, the OCA system must provide four high-level functions: provide access to asset data, conduct assessments, determine asset risk, and prioritize and schedule assessments. The development of capabilities to provide these functions will facilitate the achievement of the OCA system to-be vision: a consistent view of asset condition and risk across the enterprise.
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Baker, Justin S., George Van Houtven, Yongxia Cai, Fekadu Moreda, Chris Wade, Candise Henry, Jennifer Hoponick Redmon, and A. J. Kondash. A Hydro-Economic Methodology for the Food-Energy-Water Nexus: Valuation and Optimization of Water Resources. RTI Press, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.mr.0044.2105.

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Growing global water stress caused by the combined effects of growing populations, increasing economic development, and climate change elevates the importance of managing and allocating water resources in ways that are economically efficient and that account for interdependencies between food production, energy generation, and water networks—often referred to as the “food-energy-water (FEW) nexus.” To support these objectives, this report outlines a replicable hydro-economic methodology for assessing the value of water resources in alternative uses across the FEW nexus–including for agriculture, energy production, and human consumption—and maximizing the benefits of these resources through optimization analysis. The report’s goal is to define the core elements of an integrated systems-based modeling approach that is generalizable, flexible, and geographically portable for a range of FEW nexus applications. The report includes a detailed conceptual framework for assessing the economic value of water across the FEW nexus and a modeling framework that explicitly represents the connections and feedbacks between hydrologic systems (e.g., river and stream networks) and economic systems (e.g., food and energy production). The modeling components are described with examples from existing studies and applications. The report concludes with a discussion of current limitations and potential extensions of the hydro-economic methodology.
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A Governance Approach to Urban Water Public–Private Partnerships: Case Studies and Lessons from Asia and the Pacific. Asian Development Bank, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/spr220100.

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This publication explores lessons from case studies on the governance of public–private partnerships (PPPs) in the water and sanitation sector in Asia and the Pacific. It aims to support governments and private practitioners in meeting the challenge of providing universal access to water and sanitation in the region’s fast-growing cities. The report suggests three key areas for action. First, governments can establish a water governance framework supported by capable public institutions, a buoyant revenue regime, and transparent targeted subsidies. Second, they can develop the enabling environment through a sector-specific PPP strategy, rigorous project preparation, and a sound fiscal framework. Third, they can embed transaction design that incorporates bankability, balanced risk allocation, efficient and competitive procurement, and clear performance metrics linked to payment.
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