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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Water

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Academic literature on the topic 'Water'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Water"

1

Schuurkes, J. A. A. R., J. Jansen, and M. Maessen. "Water acidification by addition of ammonium sulphate in sediment-water columns and in natural waters." Archiv für Hydrobiologie 112, no. 4 (June 23, 1988): 495–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/112/1988/495.

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Fraley, Jill. "Water, Water, Everywhere: Surface Water Liability." Michigan Journal of Environmental & Administrative Law, no. 5.1 (2015): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.36640/mjeal.5.1.water.

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By 2030 the U.S. will lose around $520 billion annually from its gross domestic product due to flooding. New risks resulting from climate change arise not only from swelling rivers and lakes, but also from stormwater runoff. According to the World Bank, coastal cities risk flooding more from their poor management of surface water than they do from rising sea levels. Surface water liability governs when a landowner is responsible for diverting the flow of water to a neighboring parcel of land. Steep increases in urban flooding will make surface water an enormous source of litigation in the coming decades. But surface water jurisprudence is ill equipped for this influx. The law of surface waters remains cumbersome, antiquated, and confusing. Furthermore, the doctrine itself has exacerbated the problem by privileging land development over maintaining natural landscapes, thereby eliminating what would have been carbon sequestration devices, as well as natural buffers against storm surges, sea level rise, and flooding. This Article critiques surface water liability rules through original research into the agricultural science that supported these legal doctrines. By establishing how the current legal doctrines emerged from science now known to be highly flawed, this Article demonstrates the need to break with past doctrines and engage in a genuine rethinking of how to manage surface water liability in the twentyfirst century. Finally, this Article proposes a new liability rule that would manage landowner expectations while avoiding the pro-development bias currently entrenched in the jurisprudence.

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Horth, Helene. "Identification of mutagens in drinking water." Journal français d’hydrologie 21, no. 1 (1990): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/water/19902101135.

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Saad, Z., K. Slim, A. Ghaddar, M. Nasreddine, and Z. Kattan. "Chemical composition of rain water in Lebanon." Journal européen d’hydrologie 31, no. 2 (2000): 223–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/water/20003102223.

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van Dam, Herman, Csilla Stenger-Kovács, Éva Ács, Gábor Borics, Krisztina Buczkó, Éva Hajnal, Éva Soróczki-Pinter, Gábor Várbiró, Béla Tóthmérész, and Judit Padisák. "Implementation of the European Water Framework Directive: Development of a system for water quality assessment of Hungarian running waters with diatoms." River Systems 17, no. 3-4 (November 6, 2007): 339–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/lr/17/2007/339.

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Delahaye, E., Y. Lévi, G. Leblon, and A. Montiel. "A simple system for estimating the biofilm formation potential of water: first experiments on slow-sand filtered water." European journal of water quality 36, no. 1 (2005): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/water/20053601015.

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Sidorowicz, S. V., and T. N. Whitmore. "Novel techniques for rapid bacteriological monitoring of drinking water." Journal européen d’hydrologie 26, no. 3 (1995): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/water/19952603271.

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Kooij, D. Van der, and W. A. M. Hijnen. "Regrowth of bacteria on assimilable organic carbon in drinking water." Journal français d’hydrologie 16, no. 3 (1985): 201–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/water/19851603201.

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Pépin, Denise. "Editorial." Journal français d’hydrologie 16, no. 1 (1985): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/water/19851601007.

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Canellas, J., C. Courtes, C. Toussaint, C. Nguyen Ba, and M. H. Dubeau. "Au sujet des interactions pharmacologiques entre les médiateurs chimiques et l'eau minérale de Barbotan." Journal français d’hydrologie 16, no. 1 (1985): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/water/19851601009.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Water"

1

Defenbaugh, Angela Lynn. "Evaluating Ohio River Basin Waters: A Water Quality and Water Resources Internship with the Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1389295851.

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Alam, Undala Zafar. "Water rationality : mediating the Indus Waters Treaty." Thesis, Durham University, 1998. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1053/.

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Alam, Undala Z. "Water rationality mediating the Indus Waters treaty." Boston Spa, United Kindom : British Library Document Supply Centre, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.264725.

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Daniels, Kelly L. "Deep water, open water." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2009. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-04022009-163550.

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Jayasundera, Dilanka Chinthana D. C. "Troubled waters : conflict in private-sector water projects /." May be available electronically:, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.

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Isorena, Trina. "Water, Water Everywhere…? Examining Approaches to Rural Water Scarcity in Mindanao." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/14696.

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This research addresses two themes: water scarcity and water resource management in the Philippines. Since 2004 the Philippines had been involved in the meeting the country’s Millennium Development Goal’s safe water target. Significant improvements have been achieved in access to drinking water in the rural areas, increasing coverage from 73 per cent to 91 per cent in 2012. Despite this achievement, there are still approximately 4.5 million rural residents in the country without access to safe water. I use the persistence of waterlessness in rural Philippines as a lens to examine the problems of the standardized approach to rural water provision in the Philippines. The core research question informing the research is: how do the conceptualisations of water scarcity by the households and the institutions that are tasked to manage it influence water access? I use ethnographic methodologies combined with mapping techniques to examine the experiences of rural villagers in three different case study sites that were identified as water scarce/waterless in the Province of Agusan del Sur in Mindanao in the Southern Philippines. These three villages characterize three landscapes (uplands, lowlands and wetlands) that face distinctive types of water scarcity issues. The empirical exploration of people’s experiences gives rise to questions how a basic service such as domestic water supply is provisioned by the state. In this regard, the communities’ practices of accessing and using water, government practices of providing water in the villages and the biophysical conditions of the area are points of interest. The case studies reveal that standardized approach to water scarcity, which assumes the communities’ water problems relate to lack of investment and infrastructure and mostly focusing on engineering solutions to provide groundwater, fails to address the concerns of the local people who perceived water scarcity in different ways than the government agencies. In some cases it does not work because it is not technically possible due to the site’s geology and hydrology, in others it does not address the problem of inadequacy of water for domestic needs of the community, or in some its salinity is unacceptable for the community. The study demonstrates the importance of examining the specific context of situations where water access is an issue. It also shows the value of ethnographic methodology in such research.

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Artiola, Janick. "Water Facts: Home Water Treatment Options." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146297.

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4 pp.
Arizona Know Your Water.
Today, homeowners have access to several water treatment systems to help control minerals and contaminants and to disinfect their water. Nearly half of the homes in the U.S. have some type of water treatment device. Mistrust of public water utilities, uncertainty over water quality standards, concerns about general health issues and limited understanding about home water treatment systems have all played a role in this increasing demand for home water treatment systems. Private well owners also need to provide safe drinking water for their families and have to make decisions as to how to treat their own water sources to meet this need. However, choosing a water treatment system is no easy task. Depending of the volume of water and degree of contamination, the homeowner should consider professional assistance in selecting and installing well water treatment systems. The process of selection is often confounded by incomplete or misleading information about water quality, treatment options, and costs. The following paragraphs outline the major well water treatment options. Further details on types, uses (point of use) and costs of these home water treatment systems are provided in the Arizona Know Your Water booklet. Additional information about Arizonas water sources that can help private well owners make decisions about home water treatment options, can be found in Arizona Well Owners Guide to Water Supply booklet (see references section).

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Goeft, Ute. "Water centrality for water and society." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2008. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/21.

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The current approach to water management in Western societies, including Australia, is based on allocating water between different users. Appropriate for commercial uses, this commodity view of water has proved difficult for the inclusion of environmental and social concerns. Issues, such as which aspects have precedence, how much water should be allocated to each and how to make trade-offs in cases of insufficient water, pose problems that are yet to be worked out. In addition, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the identification of environmental as well as social water needs. The latter has prompted the writing of this thesis. A closer look at the neglected social water needs reveals the complete permeation of water into all areas of human life, from the basics of survival and health to the ethical and spiritual spheres. All these social aspects, or values, of water, should be integral to water management.

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Goeft, Ute. "Water centrality for water and society." Connect to thesis, 2008. http://adt.ecu.edu.au/adt-public/adt-ECU2008.0016.html.

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Wang, Yuxin. "Source Water Quality Assessment and Source Water Characterization for Drinking Water Protection." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2014. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/416.

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Source water quality plays a critical role in maintaining the quality and supply of drinking water, yet it can be negatively affected by human activities. In Pennsylvania, coal mining and treatment of conventional oil and gas drilling produced wastewaters have affected source water quality for over 100 years. The recent unconventional natural gas development in the Marcellus Shale formation produces significant volumes of wastewater containing bromide and has the potential to affect source water quality and downstream drinking water quality. Wastewater from coal-fired power plants also contains bromide that may be released into source water. Increasing source water bromide presents a challenge as even small amounts of bromide in source water can lead to carcinogenic disinfection by-products (DBPs) in chlorinated finished drinking water. However, bromide is not regulated in source water and is not removed by conventional drinking water treatment processes. The objective of this work is to evaluate the safe bromide concentration in source water to minimize the cancer risk of trihalomethanes - a group of DBPs - in treated drinking water. By evaluating three years of water sampling data from the Monongahela River in Southwestern Pennsylvania, the present analysis reached three conclusions. First, bromide monitoring for source water quality should be taken at drinking water intake points. Water sample types (river water samples vs drinking water intake samples) can lead to different water quality conclusions and thus affect regulatory compliance decision-making. Second, bromide monitoring at drinking water intake points can serve as a predictor for changes in heavily brominated trihalomethanes concentrations in finished water. Increasing bromide in source water can serve as an early warning sign of increasing formation of heavily brominated trihalomethanes and their associated cancer risks in drinking water. Finally, this work developed a statistical simulation model to evaluate the effect of source water bromide on trihalomethane formation and speciation and to analyze the changing cancer risks in water associated with these changing bromide concentrations in the Monongahela River. The statistical simulation method proposed in this work leads to the conclusion that the bromide concentration in source water must be very low to prevent the adverse health effects associated with brominated trihalomethanes in chlorinated drinking water. This method can be used by water utilities to determine the bromide concentration in their source water that might indicate a need for process changes or by regulatory agencies to evaluate source water bromide issues.

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Books on the topic "Water"

1

Pierce, Gaylord. Water, water, water. Phoenix: Southwestern Sash & Door Co., 2005.

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Johnston, Tom. Water, water! Milwaukee: G. Stevens Pub., 1988.

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Cowley, Joy. Water! Water! Bothell, WA: Wright Group, 1995.

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Spivey, Gilchrist Jan, ed. Water, water. [New York?]: HarperFestival, 1999.

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E, Beck Robert, ed. Waters and water rights. Charlottesville, Va: Michie Co., 1991.

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Wiebe, Arthur J., Judith Hillen, Maureen Allen, Dave Youngs, and Max Cantu. Water precious water. Edited by Wiebe Arthur J, Hillen Judith, Youngs Dave, Cantu Max, and AIMS Education Foundation. Fresno, Calif: AIMS Education Foundation, 1988.

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7

Long, Loren. Water, water everywhere. New York: Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers, 2009.

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8

Fishman, Charles Adés. Water under water. Albuquerque, NM: Casa de Snapdragon, 2009.

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Long, Loren. Water, water everywhere. New York: Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers, 2009.

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Barkan, Joanne. Water, water everywhere. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Silver Press, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Water"

1

Choiński, Adam, and Rajmund Skowron. "Water Resources of Stagnant Waters." In Springer Water, 63–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61965-7_5.

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Friedman, Raymond. "Water, Water Everywhere." In Problem Solving For Engineers and Scientists, 1–23. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3906-3_1.

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Hans Tromp, R. "Water–Water Interfaces." In Soft Matter at Aqueous Interfaces, 159–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24502-7_6.

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Foster, Vincent S. "Water, Water Everywhere." In Astronomers' Universe, 137–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22120-5_5.

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"Water and Sanitation." In Atlas of Pediatrics in the Tropics and Resource-Limited Settings, 21–26. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781581104271-water.

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"Water and Sanitation." In Atlas of Pediatrics in the Tropics and Resource-Limited Settings, 25–30. 2nd ed. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781581109726-water.

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Herrera, Juan Felipe. "Water Water Water Wind Water." In Environmental and Nature Writing. Bloomsbury Academic, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350007543.ch-034.

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Brezonik, Patrick L., and William A. Arnold. "Aqueous Geochemistry I." In Water Chemistry, 43–82. 2nd ed. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197604700.003.0002.

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Abstract Six topics are addressed about the chemical composition of natural waters: the nature of dissolved and suspended substances in water, their natural and human-derived sources, how major and minor inorganic substances in natural waters behave chemically and their water quality significance, how natural biogeochemical and hydrologic processes and human activities control the chemical composition of water, how the chemical composition of water bodies is displayed graphically, and analytical methods to measure major and minor inorganic solutes. Characteristics of hard and soft waters are summarized, and examples of the chemical composition of freshwaters, seawater, and hypersaline waters are provided. The availability of water chemistry data in online databases is described.

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"Water, Water." In Atoms Under the Floorboards. Bloomsbury Sigma, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781472994950.0019.

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"Water in Water." In The Accidental, 37–38. University of Arkansas Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvkjb3p9.15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Water"

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"Cover page." In 2013 Workshop on Anti-malware Testing Research (WATeR). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/water.2013.6707870.

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"Author index." In 2013 Workshop on Anti-malware Testing Research (WATeR). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/water.2013.6707880.

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Jamthagen, Christopher, Patrik Lantz, and Martin Hell. "A new instruction overlapping technique for anti-disassembly and obfuscation of x86 binaries." In 2013 Workshop on Anti-malware Testing Research (WATeR). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/water.2013.6707878.

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"Title page." In 2013 Workshop on Anti-malware Testing Research (WATeR). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/water.2013.6707871.

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"Copyright page." In 2013 Workshop on Anti-malware Testing Research (WATeR). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/water.2013.6707872.

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"Preface." In 2013 Workshop on Anti-malware Testing Research (WATeR). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/water.2013.6707873.

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"Table of contents." In 2013 Workshop on Anti-malware Testing Research (WATeR). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/water.2013.6707874.

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Edwards, Simon P. G. "Four Fs of anti-malware testing: A practical approach to testing endpoint security products." In 2013 Workshop on Anti-malware Testing Research (WATeR). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/water.2013.6707875.

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Romana, Sandeep, Amit Kumar Jha, Himanshu Pareek, and P. R. L. Eswari. "Evaluation of open source anti-rootkit tools." In 2013 Workshop on Anti-malware Testing Research (WATeR). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/water.2013.6707876.

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Ford, Richard, Marco Carvalho, Liam Mayron, and Matt Bishop. "Antimalware software: Do we measure resilience?" In 2013 Workshop on Anti-malware Testing Research (WATeR). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/water.2013.6707877.

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Reports on the topic "Water"

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Muñoz Castillo, Raul, Glen Hearns, Denea Larissa Trejo, and Luis Pabon Zamora. Joined by Water (JbW): IDB's Transboundary Waters Program. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003201.

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This discussion paper scopes out the IDBs initiative to engage in transboundary waters (TW) projects in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). The document is organized into four sections: brief history and overview of the TWs approach; international evidence on TW cooperation; a diagnosis of the current situation of TW in LAC; and presents the strategy of the new IADB transboundary water program (Joined By Water) which aims at enhancing the governance and management of transboundary waters in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). The document has been prepared in consultation with multiple stakeholders related to transboundary waters issues in LAC.

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Jaehne, Bernd, and Jochen Klinke. Air-Water Gas Transfer in Coastal Waters. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada630850.

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Mathur, Chhavi, Sara Ahmed, Aakriti Parasha, Darab Nagarwalla, Sanskriti Menon, Bhageerath Swaraj, Rifa Meddapil, et al. Development of Water Classrooms for Middle School Students. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/tesf1206.2023.

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Water, recognised by United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal 6, is essential to sustain all life. It intersects with various aspects of our civilisation, heritage, health, and survival. In this project, we developed pedagogical tools using place-based, multidisciplinary, imaginal, and interactive content for middle school students. The expected outcome of this pedagogy is to equip students with knowledge and core competencies such as critical transdisciplinary analysis, systems thinking, and collaborative decision-making that are essential to reimagine just, resilient, and equitable water futures. We called this curriculum the “Water Classrooms”. The core partners in this work included Living Waters Museum, Centre for Water Research, Science Activity Centre at Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER Pune), and the Centre for Environment Education (Pune).

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Schroeder, Jenna, Christopher Harto, and Corrie Clark. Geothermal Water Use: Life Cycle Water Consumption, Water Resource Assessment, and Water Policy Framework. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1171191.

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Schroeder, J. N., C. B. Harto, R. M. Horner, and C. E. Clark. Geothermal Water Use: Life Cycle Water Consumption, Water Resource Assessment, and Water Policy Framework. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1155056.

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Rijnaarts, Huub, and Thomas Wagner. Water nexus : saline water when possible, fresh water when needed. Wageningen: Wageningen University & Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/553702.

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Rijnaarts, Huub, and Thomas Wagner. Water nexus : saline water when possible, fresh water when needed. Wageningen: Wageningen University & Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/553702.

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Hackbarth, Carolyn, and Rebeca Weissinger. Water quality in the Northern Colorado Plateau Network: Water years 2016–2018 (revised with cost estimate). National Park Service, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2279508.

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Water-quality monitoring in National Park Service units of the Northern Colorado Plateau Network (NCPN) is made possible through partnerships between the National Park Service Inventory & Monitoring Division, individual park units, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Utah Division of Water Quality. This report evaluates data from site visits at 62 diﬀerent locations on streams, rivers, and reservoirs in or near ten NCPN park units between October 1, 2015 and September 30, 2018. Data are compared to state water-quality standards for the purpose of providing information to park managers about potential water-quality problems. The National Park Service does not determine the regulatory status of surface waters; state water quality agencies determine whether waters comply with the Clean Water Act. Evaluation of water-quality parameters relative to state water-quality standards indicated that 17,997 (96.8%) of the 18,583 total designated beneﬁcial-use evaluations completed for the period covered in this report met state water-quality standards. The most common exceedances or indications of impairment, in order of abundance, were due to elevated nutrients, elevated bacteria (E. coli), elevated water temperature, elevated trace metals, elevated total dissolved solids (and sulfate), elevated pH, and low dissolved oxygen. While some exceedances were recurring and may have been caused by human activities in the watersheds, many were due to naturally occurring conditions characteristic of the geographic setting. This is most apparent with phosphorus, which can be introduced into surface water bodies at elevated levels by natural weathering of the geologic strata found throughout the Colorado Plateau. Higher phosphorus concentrations could also be attributed to anthropogenic activities that can accelerate erosion and transport of phosphorus. Some activities that can increase erosional processes include grazing, logging, mining, pasture irrigation, and oﬀ-highway vehicle (OHV) use. Exceedances for total phosphorus were common occurrences at nine out of ten NCPN park units, where at least one site in each of these parks had elevated phosphorus concentrations. At these sites, high levels of nutrients have not led to algal blooms or other signs of eutrophication. Sites monitored in Arches National Park (NP), Black Canyon of the Gunnison NP (BLCA), Bryce Canyon NP (BRCA), Capitol Reef NP (CARE), Curecanti National Recreation Area (CURE), Dinosaur National Monument (DINO), and Zion NP (ZION) all had E. coli ex-ceedances that could be addressed by management actions. While many of these sites already have management actions underway, some of the actions necessary to bring these waters into compliance are beyond the control of the National Park Service. Changes to agricultural practices to improve water quality involves voluntary participation by landowners and/or grazing permittees and their respective states. This could be the case with lands upstream of several parks with E. coli contamination issues, including Red Rock Canyon (BLCA); Sul-phur, Oak, and Pleasant creeks (CARE); Blue Creek and Cimarron River (CURE); Brush and Pot creeks (DINO); and North Fork Virgin River (ZION). Issues with E. coli contamination at Yellow Creek (BRCA) seemed to be resolved after the park boundary fence downstream of the site was repaired, keeping cattle out of the park. At North Fork Virgin River, E. coli exceedances have been less frequent since the State of Utah worked with landowners and grazing permittees to modify agricultural practices. Continued coordination between the National Park Service, state agencies, and local landowners will be necessary to further re-duce E. coli exceedances and, in turn, improve public health and safety in these streams. Selenium concentrations in Red Rock Canyon (BLCA) continued to exceed the state aquat-ic-life standard at both the upstream and downstream sites. Although selenium weathers naturally from bedrock and...

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Weissinger, Rebecca, and Carolyn Hackbarth. Water quality in the Northern Colorado Plateau Network: Water years 2019?2022. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2304433.

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Water quality monitoring in National Park Service units of the Northern Colorado Plateau Network (NCPN) is made possible through partnerships between the National Park Service Inventory & Monitoring Division, individual park units, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Utah Department of Environmental Quality. This report evaluates water quality data from site visits at 42 different locations within and around eight park units in Utah and Colorado from October 1, 2018 through September 30, 2022. Data are compared to state water quality standards for the purpose of providing information to park managers about potential water quality problems. Parks included for evaluation are Arches National Park (NP), Bryce Canyon NP, Canyonlands NP, Capitol Reef NP, Dinosaur National Monument (NM), Hovenweep NM, Timpanogos Cave NM, and Zion NP. Evaluation of water quality parameters relative to state water quality standards indicated that 21,644 (96.8%) of the 22,356 total designated beneficial-use evaluations completed for the period covered in this report met state water quality standards. The most common parameters that did not meet a standard include fecal indicator bacteria (Escherichia coli), water temperature, and total dissolved solids (TDS). While TDS can be an indicator of pollution, in NCPN parks, it mostly occurs downstream of rock outcrops that naturally increase TDS in streams. Phosphorus concentrations were often greater than acceptable thresholds but were rarely associated with indicators of impairment such as algal blooms, fish kills, or low dissolved oxygen. Sites monitored in Arches NP, Bryce Canyon NP, Capitol Reef NP, Dinosaur NM, Hovenweep NM, and Zion NP all had occurrences when fecal indicator bacteria concentrations were greater than associated state standards. State-coordinated plans to reduce waste contamination are in place for the North Fork Virgin River (Zion NP) and the Fremont River (Capitol Reef NP). The plans have resulted in a decrease in the number of chronic and acute standard violations at Zion. Elevated water temperatures occurred at sites in Canyonlands NP, Capitol Reef NP, and Zion NP. Water temperature is strongly correlated with air temperature in surface waters across the Colorado Plateau. Additional issues of management concern include low dissolved oxygen in Salt Wash at Wolfe Ranch (Arches NP) and Square Tower Spring (Hovenweep NM), as well as selenium in the Colorado River (Arches NP and Canyonlands NP). State-coordinated plans to reduce selenium concentrations in the Upper Colorado River basin are in place.

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Eherling, Brian A. Troubled Waters: Water and the Israeli-Palestinian Dilemma. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada539676.

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