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1
Guomin, Cao, Yang Guoping, Sheng Mei, and Wang Yongjian. "Chemical industrial wastewater treated by combined biological and chemical oxidation process." Water Science and Technology 59, no. 5 (March 1, 2009): 1019–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.051.
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Wastewaters from phenol and rubber synthesis were treated by the activated sludge process in a large-scale chemical factory in Shanghai, but the final effluent quality cannot conform with the local discharge limit without using river water for dilution. Therefore, this chemical factory had to upgrade its wastewater treatment plant. To fully use the present buildings and equipment during upgrading of the chemical factory's wastewater treatment plant and to save operation costs, a sequential biological pre-treatement, chemical oxidation, and biological post-treatment (or BCB for short) process had been proposed and investigated in a pilot trial. The pilot trial results showed that about 80% COD in the chemical wastewater could be removed through anoxic and aerobic degradation in the biological pre-treatement section, and the residual COD in the effluent of the biological pre-treatment section belongs to refractory chemicals which cannot be removed by the normal biological process. The refractory chemicals were partial oxidized using Fenton's reagent in the chemical oxidation section to improve their biodegradability; subsequently the wastewater was treated by the SBR process in the biological post-treatment section. The final effluent COD reached the first grade discharge limit (<100 mg l−1) of Chinese Notational Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996) even if without using any dilution water. Compared with the original dilution and biological process, the operation cost of the BCB process increased by about 0.5 yuan (RMB) per cubic metre wastewater, but about 1,240,000 m3 a−1 dilution water could be saved and the COD emission could be cut down by 112 tonne each year.
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Xayitovna, Juraeva Oyisha, and Kamolova Shahnoza Meliboevna. "METHODS OF MECHANICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER IN INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY." American Journal of Applied Science and Technology 03, no. 05 (May 1, 2023): 70–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ajast/volume03issue05-13.
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cIt is important to provide the population with clean drinking water. Drinking water must meet the requirements of special state standards and is a constant focus of health care institutions. The state standard requires the organization of sanitary protection zones of water sources and main water intake facilities.
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El-Gohary, F. A., S. I. Abo-Elela, S. A. Shehata, and H. M. El-Kamah. "Physico-Chemical-Biological Treatment of Municipal Wastewater." Water Science and Technology 24, no. 7 (October 1, 1991): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0212.
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Physico-chemical sewage treatment via coagulation-sedimentation is put in action for suspended solids removal. The effectiveness of this technology concerning the soluble organic content is extremely low. In direct comparison, the use of a biological sand-bed and a high-rate oxidation pond as a tertiary treatment for the chemically treated effluent brought about a substantial increase in efficiency. Experimental investigations performed led to the conclusions that, for the reuse of wastewater for irrigation, chemical treatment is appropriate. For discharge of treated effluents into surface water, combination of the physico-chemical-biological scheme is recommended.
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Eckenfelder, W. Wesley, and A. J. Englande. "Innovative biological treatment for sustainable development in the chemical industries." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 4-5 (August 1, 1998): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0596.
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This paper presents a perspective of wastewater management in the chemical industries as related to sustainable development. The scope of wastewater management must therefore further be expanded to include the concept of ecological integrity of receiving waters. Ecological integrity of receiving waters is compromised by contaminants which are not effectively removed by Best Conventional Technology (BCT). Biological treatment typically offers the most cost-effective conversion and/or stabilization of wastewaters; however, modifications must be employed in the design and operation to provide satisfactory effluent quality. Enhanced treatment techniques for wastewaters containing high organic concentrations, VOCs, elevated TDS levels, toxics and priority pollutants are discussed. The importance of design and operational procedures including pretreatment technologies, two stage vs. single stage activated sludge, selector design and maximum specific oxygen uptake rate determinations are also presented.
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Bertanza, G., C. Collivignarelli, and R. Pedrazzani. "The role of chemical oxidation in combined chemical-physical and biological processes: experiences of industrial wastewater treatment." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 5 (September 1, 2001): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0263.
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In this work, some experiences are described concerning the application of chemical oxidation in the treatment of industrial wastewaters in combination with other chemical-physical and/or biological processes. In the first case, two different wastewaters from saturated and unsaturated polyester resin production were considered. In a second case, optimal process conditions were assessed for the treatment of a wastewater deriving from polystyrene production. A third experience dealt with a comparison among different processes (flocculation, Fenton process, ozonisation, oxidation by means of ozone and hydrogen peroxide, oxidation by means of hydrogen peroxide and UV radiation), for the pretreatment of two industrial wastewaters (the first one being produced in a textile factory, the second one coming from detergent manufacturing). The evaluation of different processes was carried out by means of laboratory scale tests, considering treatment efficiency (organic substance removal, changes in wastewater biodegradability) and parameters (chemicals and energy consumption, sludge production) which play an important role in cost determination.
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Akinnawo, Solomon Oluwaseun, Peter Odunayo Ayadi, and Mathew Temitope Oluwalope. "Chemical coagulation and biological techniques for wastewater treatment." Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry 34, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2023-0003.
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Abstract This paper reports the effectiveness of chemical coagulation and biological techniques for the treatment of wastewater from industrial and agricultural operations. Agricultural husbandry has been reported to produce wastewater that has high content of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), turbidity as well as organic and inorganic pollutants. A comparison on the use of organic and inorganic based coagulants as well as the optimum conditions required for high percentage removal efficiency of pollutants from wastewater has been reviewed. At optimum experimental condition, ferric chloride coagulants were reported to yield 98, 95, 93 and 50 % removal of color, turbidity, iron and manganese. Moreover, chemical coagulation, electrocoagulation and biological methods have been reported to display a close range in their capacities for removing pollutants from wastewater. However, biological method was observed to be highly effective in the removal of pollutants from wastewater but requires more time and produces lesser volume of sludge, when compared to chemical method in the treatment of wastewater.
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Broch-Due, A., R. Andersen, and B. Opheim. "Treatment of integrated newsprint mill wastewater in moving bed biofilm reactors." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 2-3 (February 1, 1997): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0511.
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Wastewaters from three integrated newsprint mills have been treated in a pilot plant Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR). In the MBBR the biomass adheres to small plastic elements which move freely along with the water in the reactor. A reduction of 65-75% for COD and 85-95% for BOD was obtained at HRT of 4-5 hours. By prolonging the HRT the removal efficiencies of COD and BOD increased to about 80% and 96%, respectively. With a subsequent chemical precipitation a removal efficiency of COD up to 95% was achieved. The amount of chemicals needed for precipitation of the biologically treated wastewater was only a quarter to a third of that needed for chemical treatment of the untreated wastewater. The results showed the MBBR process to be competitive with conventional biological treatment systems and that treatment objectives can be met at short HRTs.
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Dracea, Dragos, Augustina Tronac, and Sebastian Mustata. "Current Trends in Biological Wastewater Treatment." “Agriculture for Life, Life for Agriculture” Conference Proceedings 1, no. 1 (July 1, 2018): 373–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/alife-2018-0055.
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Abstract Waste water treatment plants are complex systems consisting of construction, hydro-mechanical, electrical, monitoring and automation equipment. Monitoring activities emphasize that the processes are dynamic; wastewater quality at the entering point of treatment plant varies in a wide range. Treatment technologies adopted must reduce major pollutants; that involves nitrification-denitrification processes and biological and chemical reduction of phosphorus through mechanical-chemical-biological treatment pathways. Increasing the activated sludge concentration in a wastewater treatment plant is an effective method by altering the process dynamics and by reducing the produced sludge volume. There are proposed and discussed in terms of technical and cost efficiency different technological wastewater treatment schemes. In Romania, wastewater treatment plants and sewage systems operating involve processes based on the new systems overrated, there is mandatory to diminish quantities in water supply systems and to exclude improperly working of wastewater pre-treatment stations. Those operations impose technological measures ensuring efficient functioning regardless the service conditions.
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Gulyas, H., R. von Bismarck, and L. Hemmerling. "Treatment of industrial wastewaters with ozone/hydrogen peroxide." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 7 (October 1, 1995): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0217.
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Treatment with ozone and ozone/hydrogen peroxide was tested in a laboratory scale reactor for removal of organics from four different industrial wastewaters: wastewaters of a paper-mill and of a biotechnical pharmaceutical process as well as two process waters from soil remediation by supercritical water extraction. Moreover, an aqueous solution of triethyleneglycoldimethylether and humic acid which was a model for a biologically treated oil reclaiming wastewater was also oxidized. The aim of the oxidation of the pharmaceutical wastewater was the removal of the preservative 1.1.1-trichloro-2-methyl-2-propanol (TCMP). Although TCMP could easily be removed from pure aqueous solutions by treatment with ozone/hydrogen peroxide, the oxidation of the wastewater failed to be effective in TCMP degradation because of competitive ozonation of other organic solutes in the wastewater. The ozonation of the paper-mill wastewater and of the soil remediation process waters decreased COD and TOC to some extent. The presence of organic wastewater solutes which contain C-C double bonds (ligninsulfonic acid in the treated paper-mill effluent and humic acid in the oil reclaiming model wastewater) were shown to yield hydrogen peroxide by the reaction with ozone. Therefore, these wastewaters are efficiently ozonated even without addition of hydrogen peroxide. Chemical Oxidation of paper-mill wastewater and of wastewaters resulting from soil remediation did not improve biological degradability of organic wastewater constituents.
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Belkin, Shimshon, Asher Brenner, and Aharon Abeliovich. "Biological Treatment of a High Salinity Chemical Industrial Wastewater." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 7-8 (April 1, 1993): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0540.
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Various laboratory-scale process configurations were tested for the biological treatment of a combined wastewater stream of several chemical factories. The untreated wastewaters, rich in halogenated organics (1250±389 mg/l DOC), were also highly saline (32±11 g/liter TDS 550°C) and toxic (Microtox™ EC50 = 1.5±2.0%). Biphasic (anaerobic/aerobic) laboratory bench-scale reactor systems yielded reduction of dissolved organic carbon by 70 to 84%, in the absence and presence of powdered activated carbon, respectively. The anaerobic phase proved to be essential in all systems, both for dissolved organic carbon removal and for detoxification. Similar efficiencies were obtained in either activated sludge or aerated lagoon type reactors, but in the latter case, longer hydraulic retention times were required. DOC removal was found to decrease with increased salt concentration; however, a 50% efficiency was achieved even at 90 g/l TDS. Toxicity elimination as judged by the Microtox™ assay was highly variable in the absence of activated carbon but stable and efficient in its presence.
11
Javeed, Tariq, Rab Nawaz, Sami A. Al-Hussain, Ali Irfan, Muhammad Atif Irshad, Sajjad Ahmad, and Magdi E. A. Zaki. "Application of Advanced Oxidation Processes for the Treatment of Color and Chemical Oxygen Demand of Pulp and Paper Wastewater." Water 15, no. 7 (March 31, 2023): 1347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15071347.
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The present study was conducted in order to investigate the efficiency of different advanced oxidation processes both individually and in combination with the biological method for the removal of color and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from wastewater in the pulp and paper industry. Advanced oxidation processes include ozone, Fenton, hydrogen peroxide, and photo-Fenton. Biologically treated wastewater was successively subjected to advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). The optimum conditions for the ozone treatment of raw wastewater were found to be a contact time of 9 min and a pH of 5 at a fixed dose of ozone for a removal efficiency of 41.22% for color and 88.53% for COD. Similar optimum conditions for the ozone treatment of biologically treated wastewater showed a removal efficiency of 46.36% for color and 95.92% for COD. The photo-Fenton process also showed an efficiency comparable to the ozone treatment for both raw wastewater and biologically treated wastewater, resulting in a removal efficiency of 39.85% (color) and 90.13% (COD) for raw wastewater, and of 41.34% (color) and 94.29% (COD) for biologically treated wastewater. Each had a contact time of 12 h. The Fenton oxidation of raw wastewater showed a removal efficiency of more than 26.30% for color and 86.33% for COD. Fenton oxidation, however, showed an efficiency of 26.62% for color and 84.49% for COD removal from biologically treated wastewater. Hydrogen peroxide showed an efficiency of 28.45% for color and 85.13% for COD removal from raw wastewater, and 39.48% for color and 86.53% for COD removal from biologically treated wastewater. The results for the raw wastewater treatments indicated that higher removal efficiencies can be achieved when they are used as pre-treatments. Biological treatment is a cost-effective method but it has less efficiency for color removal. In combination with one of the AOPs, either as a pre- or post-treatment under a controlled time and dose, biological treatment increased the efficiency, making treatment feasible at larger scales.
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Meriç, S., I. Kabdaşli, O. Tünay, and D. Orhon. "Treatability of strong wastewaters from polyester manufacturing industry." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 10-11 (May 1, 1999): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0623.
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In this paper, the treatability of strong wastes originating from an organic chemicals industry was studied. Literature data were evaluated to assess the applicability of conventional and advanced methods of treatment to highly concentrated wastewaters. A detailed treatability study was conducted on the wastewater, which was provided from a small-scale polyester manufacturing plant. The manufacturing process involved only esterification reactions, generating a wastewater with a COD content of over 200,000 mgl−1. The applicable treatment methods to be tested were determined as biological treatment of activated sludge process with low organic loading and chemical oxidation with H2O2. Results of the biological treatability study indicated that 80% COD removal could be obtained with 10 days retention time, provided that the system was fed with a 1/100 diluted raw wastewater. Chemical oxidation of raw wastewater with H2O2 in acid conditions and using ferric chloride as catalyst yielded 70% COD removal. However, the dosage required to obtain this efficiency was about 1 kg H2O2 per m3 of wastewater. With these applications the wastewater was treated to yield a COD of lower than 2000 mg/l. Results of the study were discussed and evaluated considering complexity and cost of treatment.
13
Rivas, F. J., F. J. Beltrán, O. Gimeno, and P. Alvarez. "Chemical-Biological Treatment of Table Olive Manufacturing Wastewater." Journal of Environmental Engineering 127, no. 7 (July 2001): 611–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(2001)127:7(611).
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Sahu, Omprakash. "Reduction of Organic and Inorganic Pollutant from Waste Water by Algae." International Letters of Natural Sciences 13 (April 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.13.1.
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Recently, algae have become significant organisms for biological purification of wastewater since they are able to accumulate plant nutrients, heavy metals, pesticides, organic and inorganic toxic substances and radioactive matters in their cells/bodies. Biological wastewater treatment systems with micro algae have particularly gained importance in last 50 years and it is now widely accepted that algal wastewater treatment systems are as effective as conventional treatment systems. These specific features have made algal wastewaters treatment systems an significant low-cost alternatives to complex expensive treatment systems particularly for purification of municipal wastewaters. By this method 70 % of biological oxygen demand, 66 % of chemical oxygen demand, 71 % total nitrogen, 67 % of phosphorus, 54 % volatile solid and 51 % of dissolved solid was reduced
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Sahu, Omprakash. "Reduction of Organic and Inorganic Pollutant from Waste Water by Algae." International Letters of Natural Sciences 13 (April 12, 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-8aq47u.
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Recently, algae have become significant organisms for biological purification of wastewater since they are able to accumulate plant nutrients, heavy metals, pesticides, organic and inorganic toxic substances and radioactive matters in their cells/bodies. Biological wastewater treatment systems with micro algae have particularly gained importance in last 50 years and it is now widely accepted that algal wastewater treatment systems are as effective as conventional treatment systems. These specific features have made algal wastewaters treatment systems an significant low-cost alternatives to complex expensive treatment systems particularly for purification of municipal wastewaters. By this method 70 % of biological oxygen demand, 66 % of chemical oxygen demand, 71 % total nitrogen, 67 % of phosphorus, 54 % volatile solid and 51 % of dissolved solid was reduced
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Zhang, Y., H. Shi, and Y. Qian. "Biological treatment of printing ink wastewater." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0066.
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Printing ink wastewater is usually very difficult to treat biologically and its chemical oxygen demand (COD) far exceeds standards of discharge. The COD in wastewater is usually 3,000 to 8,000 mg/L after flocculation and sedimentation. Herein, a strain of bacterium was isolated from the sludge and identified as Bacillus sp. and utilized to treat printing ink wastewater. The application of bacteria to degrade printing ink in wastewater is discussed in this paper. The influence of N and P sources on COD removal, and COD removal in combination with glucose was also discussed. More than 85 per cent of the COD could be removed using the proposed biological process. A novel internal airlift loop bioreactor with bacteria immobilized onto ceramic honeycomb support was used for the wastewater treatment.
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Vithalani, Priya, Ankita Murnal, Parthvi Akheja, Unnati Yagnik, and Nikhil Bhatt. "Review on Recent Technologies for Industrial Wastewater Treatment." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 8 (August 31, 2022): 1752–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46495.
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Abstract: Textile industry plays key role in any country for its basic needs and urbanization. Due to high demand in textile area, it generates massive amount of toxic wastewater. Generated wastewaters possess impurities and toxicity because of textile dyes containing complex organic chromophore groups. Direct release of wastewater creates lots of environmental issues. Treatments of textile effluent is not easily carried out by physical, chemical and biological methods without any affect. Nanoparticle mediated degradation trending presently but it contains metallic harmful effect so, further study cannot be focused on nanoparticles. However, biological methods are more reliable and environmental friendly for treatment. Various aerobic and anaerobic techniques were developed for treatment of textile effluent. In pilot scale study, researchers had established different types of bioreactors and tried to apply it on large scale in industries. Still, that methods are not that much efficient at large scale. So, advancement of treatment must be carried out by investigator such as microbial fuel cell reactors and biological integration with different physical and chemical processes
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Quintero-García, Omar J., Heilyn Pérez-Soler, and Myriam A. Amezcua-Allieri. "Enzymatic Treatments for Biosolids: An Outlook and Recent Trends." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 6 (March 9, 2023): 4804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20064804.
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Wastewaters are nutrient-rich organic materials containing significant concentrations of different nutrients, dissolved and particulate matter, microorganisms, solids, heavy metals, and organic pollutants, including aromatic xenobiotics. This variety makes wastewater treatment a technological challenge. As a result of wastewater treatment, biosolids are generated. Biosolids, commonly called sewage sludge, result from treating and processing wastewater residuals. Increased biosolids, or activated sludge, from wastewater treatment is a major environmental and social problem. Therefore, sustainable and energy-efficient wastewater treatment systems must address the water crisis and environmental deterioration. Although research on wastewater has received increasing attention worldwide, the significance of biosolids treatments and valorization is still poorly understood in terms of obtaining value-added products. Hence, in this review, we established some leading technologies (physical, chemical, and biological) for biosolids pretreatment. Later, the research focuses on natural treatment by fungal enzymes to end with lignocellulosic materials and xenobiotic compounds (polyaromatic hydrocarbons) as a carbon source to obtain biobased chemicals. Finally, this review discussed some recent trends and promising renewable resources within the biorefinery approach for bio-waste conversion to value-added by-products.
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Kabdaşlı, I., M. Gürel, and O. Tünay. "Pollution prevention and waste treatment in chemical synthesis processes for pharmaceutical industry." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 10-11 (May 1, 1999): 265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0666.
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Chemical synthesis processes of the pharmaceuticals industry produce wastewaters which are variable in character and highly strong. In-plant controls are important and highly effective in determining the final wastewater quality. At any rate several stages of treatment comprised of physical, chemical and biological are required to obtain a reasonable degree of treatment. The problem is further complicated in small-scale plants due to low volume of wastewaters and dilution requirements. In this study, a small-scale pharmaceuticals plant producing three common active materials was experimentally evaluated to assess the waste management alternatives. The processes were evaluated and a source-based pollution profile was prepared. Paracetamol wastewaters were found to be readily biodegradable. Omeprazole wastewaters could be biologically treated only after significant chemical treatment. Mephenoxalone wastewaters were in no case biologically degradable. Paracetamol and pretreated Omeprazole wastewaters could be biologically treated down to several hundreds of ppm COD at as high as 0.5 g COD/g VSS day FM ratio after several fold dilution. Results of the study were evaluated and discussed.
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Benradi, Fatima, Ayoub Doughmi, Mohamed Khamar, Essediya Cherkaoui, Abdelaziz Laghzizil, and Abderrahman Nounah. "Biological treatment of leachate wastewater mixture." International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES 10, no. 2 (February 2023): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2023.02.004.
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Leachates and domestic wastewater constitute a real problem for the environment, given their risks to surface water, groundwater, and the surrounding soil. Their management becomes delicate because of the demographic growth, and the standard of living of the population. Due to the reduction of water resources in the world, their treatment is very essential. In this study, samples of young raw leachate were collected and mixed with domestic wastewater. After a physicochemical and bacteriological characterization of leachate, domestic wastewater, and the mixture M1 (leachate ratios of 5%), an aerated biological treatment was carried out without adding activated sludge. Over a residence time period of six weeks, the chemical oxygen demand reduction rate reached 94.8% for the wastewater, 93.8% for the M1 mixture, and only 31.9% for the leachate. The addition of 5% young leachate to domestic wastewater does not affect the aerated biological treatment system, in addition, it is an inexpensive system.
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Farabegoli, G., L. Pietrelli, E. Rolle, and A. Sabene. "Comparison between biological and chemical–physical treatment for colour removal." Water Supply 4, no. 5-6 (December 1, 2004): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2004.0094.
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The main aim of this research is to compare the efficiency of biological and chemical–physical treatments for the removal of organic azo dyes in the textile wastewater. Regarding the biological reduction of the wastewater colour the anaerobic/aerobic (ANA/AER) sequential step-treatment provides the best reductions in colour and COD. A lab-scale Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) fed with synthetic wastewater and mono-azo dye (at the initial concentration of 25 mg/l) was used achieving 84% colour reduction and 82% COD removal. Chemical–physical treatments were performed using the oxidative method with Fenton's reagent and adsorption on the activated carbon achieving respectively colour reduction over 90% (from the initial concentration of 250 mg/l) and 155 mg col/g GAC total adsorption capacity (from the initial concentration of 1 g/l).
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Ødegaard, H., and R. Storhaug. "Small Wastewater Treatment Plants in Norway." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 3-4 (March 1, 1990): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0180.
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About 70 % of the total number of advanced (biological, chemical or biological/chemical) wastewater treatment plants in Norway are small (100 - 2000 PE). More than half of the small plants (55 %) are based on biological/chemical treatment. Simultaneous precipitation and post precipitation based on the activated sludge process is dominating even if systems based on biofilm processes are gaining more and more popularity. The State Pollution Control Authority has made recommendations on design of small wastewater treatment plants. Two systems are recommended; one based on a low loaded activated sludge process with querning of particulate matter as pretreatment and with a separate waste sludge holding tank, and one based on a low loaded biofilm system (biofilter, RBC, etc.) with a large septic tank serving both as pretreatment and waste sludge holding tank.
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He, Ying, Zhong Xian You, Yi Jun Ji, and Ya Fei Zhao. "Bioaugmentation Technology in Comprehensive Chemical Wastewater Treatment of Tianjin TEDA Modern Industrial Park." Advanced Materials Research 807-809 (September 2013): 1241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.1241.
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Refractory organic pollutants are wastewaters main pollutants in Tianjin TEDA modern industrial park. For clearing up refractory organic pollutants, we must improve the biological process of the sewage treatment plant. This paper focuses on how to use bioaugmentation technology to process the refractory organic pollutants which comes from wastewater of the district. The paper will record data and complete analysis of treatment effect for improving the biological process of sewage treatment plant and make advices.
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Chatzisymeon, Efthalia. "Application of Biological and Chemical Processes to Wastewater Treatment." Water 13, no. 13 (June 28, 2021): 1781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13131781.
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Existing wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) face huge challenges that can impede the achievement of sustainable development goals for clean water and sanitation (SDG 6) and clean energy (SDG 7), amongst others [...]
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Ettala, M., and E. Rossi. "SCREENING OF CHEMICAL SPILL RISKS TO MUNICIPAL SEWAGE TREA TMENT PLANTS." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 4 (August 1, 1994): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0150.
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Seven operational mishaps were specified on the basis of a questionnaire on wastewater treatment plants, some of them large. In this study a process was developed for screening the chemical spill risks to municipal biological sewage treatment plant. Data on wastewater treatment processes, potential spill sources and chemical properties were combined to determine the threshold chemical quantities which may inhibit the removal of carbonaceous material, prevent nitrification and methanogenesis, cause sludge contamination or lead to the aeration capacity being exceeded. Two sewage treatment plants and eleven industrial sites were chosen for field studies. The influence of spill duration and maintenance activities on threshold quantities are discussed. A field survey lasting 1-2 hours at each site was long enough for the most relevant data to be obtained when the screening method developed was applied. Several chemical spill risks to the plants studied were specified. In addition, cases were identified in which failure of the pretreatment facilities for industrial wastewaters could cause severe mishaps at a biological wastewater treatment plant.
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Väänänen, Pentti, Pekka Pouttu, and Timo Kulmala. "Joint Treatment of Industrial and Municipal Wastewater – Case Project: City of Kotka, Finland." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0013.
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The National Board of Waters in Finland has proposed a study on the joint treatment of industrial and municipal wastewaters of the City of Kotka. This study is of great interest due to the large forest products industry and food industry in Kotka. All of the wastewaters from the forest products and the food industry and the municipal sewage have been found to be suitable for biological treatment, which makes the joint treatment applicable. An activated sludge process is selected because it takes advantage of the large amount of nutrients in the municipal sewage and it has proved to be the most efficient treatment method for forest industry wastewaters. However, municipal wastewater contains more nutrients than needed for the biological process, which can cause eutrophication problems in the watercourse. To reduce the pollution caused by the nutrients, chemical treatment of the wastewater is also proposed in the joint treatment. It was concluded that the joint treatment of wastewater is economically, technically and environmentally the best way to arrange wastewater treatment for the industry and the city.
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Dijkstra, F., M. Plum, and A. Geerdes. "An Unexpected Odour Problem in the Biological Treatment of Chemical Wastewater." Water Science and Technology 20, no. 10 (October 1, 1988): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1988.0127.
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DSM, a large chemical company in the Netherlands, operates a plant for the biological treatment of the wastewater of about 35 production plants (organic and inorganic chemicals). A special feature of this biotreatment plant is complete nitrification of Kjeldahl-nitrogen, in combination with denitrification. Experiences with this installation are reported. A serious odour problem has arisen due to the presence of traces of a tellurium-containing catalyst from one of the plants. An organic tellurium compound with a very low odour threshold is produced in the wastewater treatment plant, mainly under anoxic, dentrifying conditions. Experimental results on the origin of the problem are reported, and a solution is given.
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Amor, Carlos, Leonilde Marchão, Marco S. Lucas, and José A. Peres. "Application of Advanced Oxidation Processes for the Treatment of Recalcitrant Agro-Industrial Wastewater: A Review." Water 11, no. 2 (January 25, 2019): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11020205.
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Agro-industrial wastewaters are characterized by the presence of multiple organic and inorganic contaminants of environmental concern. The high pollutant load, the large volumes produced, and the seasonal variability makes the treatment of these wastewaters an environmental challenge. A wide range of wastewater treatment processes are available, however the continuous search for cost-effective treatment methods is necessary to comply with the legal limits of release in sewer systems and/or in natural waters. This review presents a state-of-the-art of the application of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) to some worldwide generated agro-industrial wastewaters, such as olive mill, winery and pulp mill wastewaters. Studies carried out just with AOPs or combined with physico-chemical or biological treatments were included in this review. The main remarks and factors affecting the treatment efficiency such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total organic carbon (TOC), and total polyphenols removal are discussed. From all the studies, the combination of processes led to better treatment efficiencies, regardless the wastewater type or its physico-chemical characteristics.
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Podeh, Mohammad R. Haghighi, Mitra Sarhadi, and Seyyed M. Ghoreishi. "A Combined Chemical Reduction and Biological Oxidation Process for the Treatment of Textile Wastewater." Water Quality Research Journal 36, no. 3 (August 1, 2001): 605–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2001.032.
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Abstract We report on the effectiveness of a combined reduction-biological treatment system for the decolourization of non-biodegradable textile dyeing wastewater. In this treatment system a bisulfite-catalyzed sodium borohydride reduction followed by activated sludge technique was used in order to remove the colours at ambient temperature and pressure. This experimental investigation consisted of two major parts: reduction treatment and biological oxidation. Both synthetic and actual wastewaters were used in this research. Synthetic wastewaters were made by several groups of dyes such as direct, basic and reactive colours. Actual wastewaters were collected from two different textile industries in the city of Isfahan, Iran. The characterization of raw and treated wastewater was carried out by infrared and ultraviolet spectrometers. The ASTM-E450-82 method was used to measure the colour. The results of this study demonstrated that this biological treatment technique decreased colour, BOD, COD and TSS by 74 to 88%, 97 to 100%, 76 to 83% and 92 to 97%, respectively. The IR and UV analyses showed that nonbiodegradable dyes are converted to biodegradable organic compounds such as alkyl and alkens. Another major advantage of this method with respect to other methods, namely, adsorption and coagulation, was that it removes colour without causing any disposal problem. The optimum dosage for treatment of actual wastewaters was found to be 50 to 60 mg/L for catalyst bisulfite and 200 to 250 mg/L for sodium borohydride. Finally, a benchscale experimental comparison of this technique with other combined chemical and biological methods currently used showed higher efficiency and lower cost for the newly developed technique.
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Latvala, A. "Advanced Chemical Treatment with Flocculation in Pipes." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 3-4 (March 1, 1990): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0201.
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At the beginning of 1988 there were in Finland about ten small chemical wastewater treatment plants that were using flocculation in pipes instead of flocculation basins. This method consists of Me+++-chemical feeding, mixing, flocculation and sedimentation. Chemicals were fed into the suction openings of the wastewater pump, which is used for rapid mixing and also for pumping wastewater flow to the sedimentation basin. In the sedimentation sludge blanket sedimentation in deep vertical sedimentation basins was used. The sedimentation basin can also be used as sludge storage, if it is made sufficiently large. This method has been found especially suitable for small wastewater treatment plants, because it needs little labour and is cheap to build and to use and it is not affected negatively by fluctuations in the flow. The construction costs of this system in Finland have been about 50 % of those involved in traditional chemical package plants. The limitations of this method are its weakness in removing soluble organic load and its inability to oxygenate or remove nitrogen. However, a biological unit designed to cope with these limitations is under development.
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Ptiček Siročić, Anita, Ivana Mlinarić, Dragana Dogančić, Nikola Sakač, and Sanja Horvat. "Wastewater treatment in the city of Koprivnica." Croatian journal of food science and technology 12, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 296–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.17508/cjfst.2020.12.2.02.
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Basedon the concept of sustainable development, water must be stored and protected for present and future generations. This also means saving the water through wastewater treatment. The primary role of the wastewater treatment plants is to treat wastewaters upto a satisfactory level of quality as close as possible to the natural state. The central wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of the City of Koprivnica treats wastewater including the tertiary wastewater. Due to considerable fluctuations in wastewater volumes and loads, sequential batch reactor (SBR) technology was selected as the best solution for wastewater treatment. The final stage of treatment at the WWTP of the City of Koprivnica is the process of sludge treatment by aerobic stabilization, dehydration and MID-MIX technology, which produces a chemicallyinert powder –solidificate. Solidificate can be used in civil engineering or it can be disposed tolandfill without environmental impact. This paper analyses the physical-chemical indicators of wastewater quality (chemical oxygen demand -COD, biological oxygen demand -BOD5, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, suspended matter) on wastewater samples from the WWTP of the City of Koprivnica in a period from 2014 to 2016. The results indicate that the treatedwastewater has a satisfactory quality and that the WWTP of the City of Koprivnica works efficiently.
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Ptiček Siročić, Anita, Ivana Mlinarić, Dragana Dogančić, Nikola Sakač, and Sanja Horvat. "Wastewater treatment in the city of Koprivnica." Croatian journal of food science and technology 12, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 296–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.17508/cjfst.2020.12.2.02.
Full textAbstract:
Basedon the concept of sustainable development, water must be stored and protected for present and future generations. This also means saving the water through wastewater treatment. The primary role of the wastewater treatment plants is to treat wastewaters upto a satisfactory level of quality as close as possible to the natural state. The central wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of the City of Koprivnica treats wastewater including the tertiary wastewater. Due to considerable fluctuations in wastewater volumes and loads, sequential batch reactor (SBR) technology was selected as the best solution for wastewater treatment. The final stage of treatment at the WWTP of the City of Koprivnica is the process of sludge treatment by aerobic stabilization, dehydration and MID-MIX technology, which produces a chemicallyinert powder –solidificate. Solidificate can be used in civil engineering or it can be disposed tolandfill without environmental impact. This paper analyses the physical-chemical indicators of wastewater quality (chemical oxygen demand -COD, biological oxygen demand -BOD5, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, suspended matter) on wastewater samples from the WWTP of the City of Koprivnica in a period from 2014 to 2016. The results indicate that the treatedwastewater has a satisfactory quality and that the WWTP of the City of Koprivnica works efficiently.
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Bryukhov, M., and D. Ulrikh. "Wastewater treatment: methods and prospects." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1061, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1061/1/012049.
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Abstract In this paper, the problems which can occur when wastewater is discharged into surface water bodies are considered. Modern methods of wastewater treatment are presented: mechanical, chemical, biological, physical-and-chemical, and combined methods. Examples of green infrastructure technologies with biofiltration function are given, which are easy to use and are effective in the treatment of both urban surface and production runoffs, and use the principles of landscape gardening. Characteristics of biofiltration swale, filtration strip, bioplateaus, biopools, and phytofilters are provided. The effectiveness of biological wastewater treatment with the use of bioengineering facilities is described. Results are presented on the research on using of highbog peat, charcoal, expanded perlite, overburned brick, celadon green, foam glass, flux from welding shop of a pipe-rolling plant, and rolling scrap as sorbing agents for treatment of acid wastewater containing iron.
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Bozarslan, G., S. K. Çelebi, and F. Sengül. "Characterization and treatability studies of cigarette industry wastewaters: a case study." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 2-3 (July 1, 1997): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0485.
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In this study, the wastewater of one of the cigarette factories in Izmir was characterized and treatability studies were done. The characterization studies of the wastewater showed that the COD, and the pH changes drastically. The chemical treatability studies of the influent wastewater were done by using Ca(OH)2, FeCl3 and Fenton Reagent. The optimum dose of FeCI3 was determined by jar tests. When using Ca(OH)2, the best flocculation, settling behaviour, and the highest COD removal occurred around pH 11. The optimum doses of Fenton Reagent (FeSO4 and H2O2) were determined. The supernatants of the previously chemically treated wastewaters were used for biological treatment. According to total COD removal efficiencies and the amount of sludge production during chemical treatment, FeCl3 was found to be the most economical and effective coagulant. Chemical treatment units were designed for a batch and a continuous system. The batch system has more advantages than a continuous system in this case.
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Kamaz, Mohanad, S. Ranil Wickramasinghe, Satchithanandam Eswaranandam, Wen Zhang, Steven M. Jones, Michael J. Watts, and Xianghong Qian. "Investigation into Micropollutant Removal from Wastewaters by a Membrane Bioreactor." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 8 (April 16, 2019): 1363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16081363.
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Direct potable reuse of wastewater is attractive as the demand for potable water increases. However, the presence of organic micropollutants in industrial and domestic wastewater is a major health and environmental concern. Conventional wastewater treatment processes are not designed to remove these compounds. Further many of these emerging pollutants are not regulated. Membrane bioreactor based biological wastewater treatment has recently become a preferred method for treating municipal and other industrial wastewaters. Here the removal of five selected micropollutants representing different classes of emerging micropollutants has been investigated using a membrane bioreactor. Acetaminophen, amoxicillin, atrazine, estrone, and triclosan were spiked into wastewaters obtained from a local wastewater treatment facility prior to introduction to the membrane bioreactor containing both anoxic and aerobic tanks. Removal of these compounds by adsorption and biological degradation was determined for both the anoxic and aerobic processes. The removal as a function of operating time was investigated. The results obtained here suggest that removal may be related to the chemical structure of the micropollutants.
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Ibrahim, Zaharah, Amir Azhar Akbar, Davina Law Steward, and Razali Ismail. "Biofilter-Potential And Application For The Treatment Of Polluted River Water." Environment Conservation Journal 7, no. 1&2 (June 21, 2006): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2006.071203.
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One of the ways to reduce the pollution of rivers is to treat wastewater at the source point. This can be accomplished by building a Biologically Active Filter (BAF) at source point of drainage system to treat the wastewater before it is being discharged into the river. The BAF is distinguished from other filtration system because there is a separation between the microorganisms and the treated wastes. The method of filtration is a combination of both physico-chemical adsorption and in-situ bioremediation. A bench scale BAF was setup using natural materials as its filtering media. Indigenous microorganisms from the wastewater with optimum pollutant degradation capabilities have been isolated and added into the BAF, to enhance the biodegradation of wastewater. With its biological regeneration capabilities, this system should serve as a sustainable, effective, and economic filtration method for various industrial wastewater and discharge. Influent and effluent qualities have been evaluated based on physical, chemical and biological parameters.
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Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Jorengeth Abad, Seiling Vargas-Villalobos, Carmen Aparicio-Mora, Nidya Nova-Bustos, and Margaret Pinnock-Branford. "Physical, chemical, and biological treatment of chemical waste from teaching laboratories at Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica." Uniciencia 34, no. 2 (July 31, 2020): 82–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/ru.34-2.5.
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Herein, we report the physical, chemical, and biological treatment of wastewater generated in the teaching laboratories at Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica. Initial physicochemical treatment included neutralization and coagulation-flocculation, followed by a biological treatment with fungi (Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium dipodomyicola) or bacterias, the latter were isolated from the sludge from the campus’ wastewater treatment plant and the greywater collection tank at the School of Chemistry. The samples’ pH prior to treatment was ≤ 2, while COD ranged between 3000 and 30 000 mg/L. Gas chromatography-mass spectra analysis indicated the presence of 55 organic compounds in the wastewater, some of which reached undetectable concentrations after treatment. The fungi and the bacterial strain removed up to 50% of the substances, while the toxicity decreased with respect to time of exposure to the treatment. Results support the potential use of these microorganisms as bioremediators. Although the organic compounds were partially removed, the treated wastewater exhibited high toxicity for Daphnia magna (water flea). Further experiments with longer treatment times or other strains might be needed for effective removal of pollutants.
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Muryanto, S., and A. P. Bayuseno. "Wastewater Treatment for a Sustainable Future: Overview of Phosphorus Recovery." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 2043–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.2043.
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Intensified agriculture in response to the growing population has led to excessive nutrient discharges to natural waters causing environmental problems in the form of eutrophication and its associated risks. Treatment options for this adverse effect include removal and recovery of soluble phosphorus by chemical precipitation, biological uptake, and struvite crystallisation. Chemical precipitation is the most common method due to its simplicity, but the chemical requirements can be prohibitive and the removed phosphorus is less reusable. Biological uptake requires less chemicals but the process is complex and prone to seasonal variations. Phosphorus removal and recovery from wastewater by struvite crystallisation is an attractive option since the crystallisation process converts phosphorus into struvite crystals, i.e. phosphate minerals which have proved to be good fertilizer, hence potentially reduces fertilizer production and the subsequent greenhouse gas emissions. Moreover, struvite crystallisation helps prevent scaling of wastewater treatment facilities. A number of struvite crystallisation projects utilising primarily agricultural wastewater is already operational at industrial scale.
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Zhou, Yi Dan, Miao Sun, Li Juan Wang, and Guan Nan Xi. "Research of Treatment Technology for Electroplating Wastewater." Applied Mechanics and Materials 487 (January 2014): 713–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.487.713.
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The sources and composition of electroplating waste water are summarized. The common wastewater treatment technology, such as physical and chemical method, physic-chemical process, biological treatment and electrochemical method, and so on. Then the vision for the development of electroplating wastewater treatment technology is made.
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Tian, Yu Ping, and Shuang Shuang Kong. "Treatment Project for Wastewater from Automobile Painting." Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (October 2012): 1986–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.1986.
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In this experiment, the combination of physic-chemical and biological methods was applied. Firstly, degreasing wastewater and painting wastewater were pretreated by chemicals respectively. And the removal rate of CODCr is more than 50% and about 65% respectively. After pretreatment，the effluents together with electrophoresis wastewater were treated by the coagulation-flotation and SBR process. And the removal rate of CODCr reached more than 80%, which achieved primary standards of "Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard"(GB8978-1996). After the separated pre-treatment, the consuming amount of the chemicals had obviously lowered than the conventional mixing treatment, as well as the sludge. Most importantly, this process ensures good quality of water. So it is feasible economically and technically to use separated pretreatment, air flotation and SBR to treat automotive painting wastewater.
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Krull, R., and E. Döpkens. "Recycling of dyehouse effluents by biological and chemical treatment." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 4 (February 1, 2004): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0293.
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Dedicated to Professor Dr.-Ing. Dietmar C. Hempel on the occasion of his 60th birthday. A combined biological and chemical process of purification and recycling of residual dyehouse effluents was developed, investigated and installed at a textile finishing company which produces 330,000 m3 colored wastewater effluents per year. The process divided effluent into two streams. Both streams were subjected to anaerobic dye-cleavage, aerobic mineralization of cleavage-products and biomass separation. One stream was also membrane filtered and treated with ozone, which made possible the recycling of 60% of the total discharge. By these means it was possible to increase the quality of the treated streams for recycling purposes, as well as the dye capacity of the textile mill, and to minimize the operating costs. Furthermore, the municipal wastewater treatment plant into which the textile finishing mill's water is discharged, did not need to enhance its capacity.
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Tadros, Hermine RZ, Samia Kh Hamdona, Mary G. Ghobrial, Mona F. El-Naggar, and Omayma H. Abd El-Hamid. "Wastewater Treatment of Mariout Lake Drains Using Combined Physical, Chemical, and Biological Methods in Microcosm Experiments." Aquatic Science and Technology 7, no. 2 (June 3, 2019): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ast.v7i2.14651.
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The treatment of wastewater is a must due to the decrease of clean water and the increase in the consumption of fresh water for domestic uses. This study discusses the physical, chemical, and biological treatments of water from different types of Mariout Lake drains. It also aims at a designation of appropriate wastewater treatment process for sewage water (El-Qalah drain), agriculture water (El-Umoum drain), and raw drinking water before treatment (Nubareya canal) so as to adopt an appropriate procedure to be applied as the drains discharge their wastewaters in Mariout Lake affecting its water quality as well as its fish productivity. Obtaining secure effluents for discharge in natural water bodies (El-Mex bay), or using treated effluents in agriculture or industrial purposes, is a target too, open for estimation. Alum, aeration beside two natural medicinal plants, piper nigrum (Black Pepper) and dry ginger (Zingiber officinalis), and the eukaryotic microorganism yeast, were used for treatment, in addition to the freshwater submerged macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum.The results of the physicochemical parameters revealed that the best material for treatment in El-Qalaa sewage drain was by Alum + Aeration + Ginger + Ceratophylum demersum.The most preferable material for both the raw drinking water of Nubareya canal and El-Umoum agricultural wastewater was Alum + Aeration + Yeast + Ceratophylum demersum.Regarding the four trace metals' (Zn, Pb, Fe, and Cu) concentration treatments, the best treatment in all cases was found to be Alum + Aeration + Yeast + Ceratophylum demersum, except for Zn in El-Qalaa sewage water which had to be treated by Alum + Aeration + Ginger + Ceratophylum demersum.
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Glushchenko, Ekaterina, Elena Vialkova, Olga Sidorenko, and Anastasia Fugaeva. "Physical-chemical wastewater treatment in Arctic conditions." E3S Web of Conferences 157 (2020): 02014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015702014.
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The biological wastewater treatment problem of the small villages located in the Arctic zone is considered. The purpose of this research is to study the alternative wastewater treatment method in Northern settlements. Standard research methods were used: gravimetric and photometric methods of liquid analysis to achieve this goal. This article presents the physical-chemical wastewater treatment method, consisted of coagulation proses, oxidation, sand and sorption filtration. As a result of the laboratory research, the effects of pollutants removal are 96.6% (COD), 82.4% (ammonium) and 97.1% (nitrates). These effects were achieved by the technological scheme that includes a coagulation, two-stage sequential oxidation with potassium permanganate and ozone, and intermediate filtration too. The brands of coagulant and flocculant were selected, as well as their optimal doses.
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Pandey, Bharat Chandra, and Sangita Gupta. "Review: Wastewater Treatment in Different Industries." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 8 (August 31, 2022): 563–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46245.
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Abstract: Wastewater treatment is a process used to remove contaminants from wastewater and convert it into an effluent that can be returned to the water cycle. Once returned to the water cycle, the effluent creates an acceptable impact on the environment or is reused for various purposes (called water reclamation). The treatment process takes place in a wastewater treatment plant. There are several kinds of wastewater which are treated at the appropriate type of wastewater treatment plant. For domestic wastewater (also called municipal wastewater or sewage), the treatment plant is called a sewage treatment plant. For industrial wastewater, treatment either takes place in a separate industrial wastewater treatment plant, or in a sewage treatment plant (usually after some form of pre-treatment). Further types of wastewater treatment plants include agricultural wastewater treatment plants and leachate treatment plants. Processes commonly used in wastewater treatment include phase separation (such as sedimentation), biological and chemical processes (such as oxidation) or polishing. The main by-product from wastewater treatment plants is a type of sludge which is usually treated in the same or another wastewater treatment plant. Biogas can be another by-product if anaerobic treatment processes are used. Treated wastewater can be reused as reclaimed water. The main purpose of wastewater treatment is for the treated wastewater to be able to be disposed or reused safely. However, before it is treated, the options for disposal or reuse must be considered so the correct treatment process is used on the wastewater. Performance ofstate owned sewage treatment plants, for treating municipal waste water, and common effluent treatment plants, for treating effluent from small scale industries, is also not complying with prescribed standards. Thus, effluent from the treatment plants, often, not suitable for household purpose and reuse of the waste water is mostly restricted to agricultural and industrial purposes. The development of innovative technologies for treatment of wastewaters from various industries isa matter of alarming concern for us. Although many research papers have been reported on wastewater pollution control studies, but a very few research work is carried out for treatment of wastewater of steel industries, especially in reference to development ofdesign of industrial effluent Treatment Plants (ETP)system. Another beneficial aspect of this research work will be recycling, reuse of water and sludge from steel industry The whole technologies for treating industrial wastewater can be divided into four categories: - Chemical, Physical, Biological and mathematical approaches.
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Egamberdiev, N. B., Zilola Sharipjonova, Bobur Nasibov, A. O. Khomidov, M. I. Alimova, and A. A. Abdumalikov. "Biological treatment of industrial and domestic wastewater of a brewery in Uzbekistan." E3S Web of Conferences 264 (2021): 01055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126401055.
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During the period of water shortage in the Republic, modern resource-saving irrigation methods and the use of purified and industrial waters and their reuse in irrigation is an urgent problem in ecology. Among the methods for treating industrial wastewater in a cheaper, cost effective way is the biological treatment method. It is the study of the effectiveness of biological treatment of industrial wastewater from primary winemaking using selected strains of aquatic plants (pistia). The object of wastewater research is selecting a Pistia algae strain, carrying out biochemical, hydrochemical analyses of wastewater before and after treatment, and the chemical composition of the Pistia algae biomass. All studies were carried out according to the standard studies of UzGOST for waste and drinking water and algological methods used by the Institute of Botany of ANRUz, State Enterprise "Institute GIDROINGEO", etc. The efficiency of biological purification of wastewaters of primary winemaking by higher aquatic plants of the pistia was established. With the help of the research carried out, the wastewater treatment of the food plant, in particular, the Kibray wine station with the Pistia algae, was established: the optimal parameters of growth, development and purification capacity of pistia algae were established for various variants of experiments and wastewater samples; designed and assembled a semi-industrial plant for biological wastewater treatment of the Kibray wine station and carried out work on industrial wastewater treatment. Wastewater from the Kibray wine station contains organic compounds, namely yeast sediments, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, fiber, which are food for Pistia algae. Pistia biomass obtained after cultivation in wastewater after sterilization can be used as feed in livestock and poultry farming, as it contains a large number of proteins, fats and carbohydrates.
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TUSIEF, Muhammad Qamar, Mumtaz Hasan MALIK, Muhammad MOHSIN, and Hafiz Naeem ASGHAR. "TREATMENT OF TEXTILEWASTEWATER USING MICROBES’ INOCULATED FREE-FLOATINGAQUATICPLANTSBASED WETLANDS." TEXTEH Proceedings 2019 (November 5, 2019): 114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/tt.2019.26.
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Textile wastewater is a big source of aquatic and environmental pollution. Currently, various physicochemical textile effluent treatments are practiced in the textile industry, but they have challenges with respect to cost, maintenance, labour management, chemicals usage and production of additional sludge. The present study was carried out to develop a less expensive, chemical- free, green and sustainable plant based floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) system augmented with bacteria to remedy the effluents from textile finishing unit. Two free-floating aquatic plants, Eichhornia crassipes and Pistia stratiotes, were vegetated to develop FTWs system and its efficacy was studied with and without inoculating two plant growth-promoting and pollutant- degrading bacteria, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis. The worth of this system was analyzed by screening physicochemical parameters like potential hydrogen (pH), electric conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of wastewater for hydraulic retention periods of 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours. The pH of the treated wastewaters was changed from acidic to neutral/alkaline side while a significant reduction was found in all other physiochemical parameters as per set limits of industrial and municipal wastewater standards as specified by the National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) of Pak istan and Zero Discharge of Hazardous Chemicals (ZDHC) program.
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Jinsong, Zhang, and Liu Jerry. "Application of integrated MBR in a centralized WTP for a chemical industrial park: A case study in China." Water Practice and Technology 13, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 594–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2018.075.
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Abstract Wastewaters from chemical industries usually contain pollutants which are toxic and non-biodegradable. Treatment of chemical wastewaters is always a challenging topic in view of the stringent environmental regulations that have to be adhered to. Since 2014, the Chinese government has been continuously tightening the industrial wastewater (IWW) discharge standards, which requires improved quality of IWW effluent. This poses great challenges to the chemical industries in China, especially to many of the chemical industry clusters where the wastewaters usually contain more toxic and non-biodegradable contaminants. Membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology has been proved to be a reliable and cost-effective solution for the treatment of IWW. However, MBR alone could not effectively remove non-biodegradable organics, it needs to be integrated with advanced oxidization process and/or other physical-chemical treatment processes to improve the overall treatment efficiency. In this paper, studies on the performance of different integrated MBR processes in Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant-A (IWTP-A) will be discussed, including Fenton + MBR, MBR + ozonation + biological aerated filter, and MBR + porous resin sorption.
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Weber, W. J., and E. J. LeBoeuf. "Processes for Advanced Treatment of Water." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 4-5 (August 1, 1999): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0569.
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A case-oriented approach is used to illustrate developments and applications of biological and physicochemical technologies, either alone or in sequenced arrays, for advanced treatment to facilitate reuse of water in a range of environmental scenarios. Examples cited include chemical oxidation processes for removal of color and oxygen demand from textile mill effluents, sequential anaerobic/aerobic biological treatment of recalcitrant and inhibitory organic compounds in ammunition plant wastewaters, separation and recovery of organic solvents from mixed industrial waste streams, remediation of contaminated subsurface waters, membrane treatment of effluents from secondary biological wastewater treatment plants, and integrated bio-membrane treatment of industrial and municipal wastewaters. The paper provides an overview of methods and applications for source waters of various qualities. It concludes with a generalized guide to technology selection based upon specific water characteristics.
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Alena, Basamykina, Kurkina Ekaterina, and Kameristaya Maria. "Applicability of biological wastewater treatment for various industries." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 941, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/941/1/012001.
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Abstract Biological treatment methods are used to remove organic and some inorganic substances from wastewater using the simplest organisms that use these substances for nutrition, breaking them down using cellular processes. The article deals with the aerobic, anaerobic and anoxic stages of biological wastewater treatment. Their differences are explained and the best way to use biological processes is analyzed according to the type of industry/production. At wastewater treatment plants, anaerobic treatment is often used at first to remove a significant part of organic substances from wastewater before sending them for further aerobic treatment. Aerobic treatment is effective for various types of wastewater, especially with lower biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). A comparative analysis of wastewater composition from food, oil and gas processing, pharmaceutical and pulp and paper industries was carried out. In the presence of organic compounds, the technology is chosen depending on the total organic matter content or the total COD content, which characterizes the total organic matter in water. A combination of anaerobic and aerobic methods is possible, if a discharge into the sewer system or into water bodies is required. The grounds for the application of biological wastewater treatment of these industries are given.
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Kathing, Chingrishon, and Geeta Saini. "A Review of Various Treatment Methods for the Removal of Dyes from Textile Effluent." Recent Progress in Materials 04, no. 04 (December 30, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/rpm.2204028.
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Wastewater generated by the textile industry has been a major environmental concern for a long. Production of fiber involves various steps and uses a lot of chemicals, dyes, and water. Therefore, the effluent produced from the textile industry needs proper purification before discharging into the water body. The current review summarizes various physical and chemical methods like ion exchange, coagulation-flocculation, membrane separation, membrane distillation, oxidation, ozonation, etc., for wastewater treatment. Along with this, adsorption methods, the various adsorbents used to purify wastewater, and the mechanism involved in adsorption have also been discussed. The biological method utilizes various microbes (bacteria, fungi, algae, and yeast) as a whole and the enzymes (laccase and azoreductase) secreted by them for wastewater treatment, which have been considered more feasible than physical and chemical methods. The adsorption and biological methods are better than other techniques due to their ability to degrade diverse classes of dye, less accumulation of harmless sludge, and cost-effective and safer approach for the disposal of textile effluent. While physical and chemical methods are expensive and generate toxic sludge, which is difficult to decompose.