Relevant bibliographies by topics / Wastewater treatment- Chemical and biological

Academic literature on the topic 'Wastewater treatment- Chemical and biological'

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Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Wastewater treatment- Chemical and biological"

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Guomin, Cao, Yang Guoping, Sheng Mei, and Wang Yongjian. "Chemical industrial wastewater treated by combined biological and chemical oxidation process." Water Science and Technology 59, no. 5 (March 1, 2009): 1019–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.051.

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Wastewaters from phenol and rubber synthesis were treated by the activated sludge process in a large-scale chemical factory in Shanghai, but the final effluent quality cannot conform with the local discharge limit without using river water for dilution. Therefore, this chemical factory had to upgrade its wastewater treatment plant. To fully use the present buildings and equipment during upgrading of the chemical factory's wastewater treatment plant and to save operation costs, a sequential biological pre-treatement, chemical oxidation, and biological post-treatment (or BCB for short) process had been proposed and investigated in a pilot trial. The pilot trial results showed that about 80% COD in the chemical wastewater could be removed through anoxic and aerobic degradation in the biological pre-treatement section, and the residual COD in the effluent of the biological pre-treatment section belongs to refractory chemicals which cannot be removed by the normal biological process. The refractory chemicals were partial oxidized using Fenton's reagent in the chemical oxidation section to improve their biodegradability; subsequently the wastewater was treated by the SBR process in the biological post-treatment section. The final effluent COD reached the first grade discharge limit (<100 mg l−1) of Chinese Notational Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996) even if without using any dilution water. Compared with the original dilution and biological process, the operation cost of the BCB process increased by about 0.5 yuan (RMB) per cubic metre wastewater, but about 1,240,000 m3 a−1 dilution water could be saved and the COD emission could be cut down by 112 tonne each year.
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Xayitovna, Juraeva Oyisha, and Kamolova Shahnoza Meliboevna. "METHODS OF MECHANICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER IN INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY." American Journal of Applied Science and Technology 03, no. 05 (May 1, 2023): 70–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ajast/volume03issue05-13.

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cIt is important to provide the population with clean drinking water. Drinking water must meet the requirements of special state standards and is a constant focus of health care institutions. The state standard requires the organization of sanitary protection zones of water sources and main water intake facilities.
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El-Gohary, F. A., S. I. Abo-Elela, S. A. Shehata, and H. M. El-Kamah. "Physico-Chemical-Biological Treatment of Municipal Wastewater." Water Science and Technology 24, no. 7 (October 1, 1991): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0212.

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Physico-chemical sewage treatment via coagulation-sedimentation is put in action for suspended solids removal. The effectiveness of this technology concerning the soluble organic content is extremely low. In direct comparison, the use of a biological sand-bed and a high-rate oxidation pond as a tertiary treatment for the chemically treated effluent brought about a substantial increase in efficiency. Experimental investigations performed led to the conclusions that, for the reuse of wastewater for irrigation, chemical treatment is appropriate. For discharge of treated effluents into surface water, combination of the physico-chemical-biological scheme is recommended.
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Eckenfelder, W. Wesley, and A. J. Englande. "Innovative biological treatment for sustainable development in the chemical industries." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 4-5 (August 1, 1998): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0596.

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This paper presents a perspective of wastewater management in the chemical industries as related to sustainable development. The scope of wastewater management must therefore further be expanded to include the concept of ecological integrity of receiving waters. Ecological integrity of receiving waters is compromised by contaminants which are not effectively removed by Best Conventional Technology (BCT). Biological treatment typically offers the most cost-effective conversion and/or stabilization of wastewaters; however, modifications must be employed in the design and operation to provide satisfactory effluent quality. Enhanced treatment techniques for wastewaters containing high organic concentrations, VOCs, elevated TDS levels, toxics and priority pollutants are discussed. The importance of design and operational procedures including pretreatment technologies, two stage vs. single stage activated sludge, selector design and maximum specific oxygen uptake rate determinations are also presented.
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Bertanza, G., C. Collivignarelli, and R. Pedrazzani. "The role of chemical oxidation in combined chemical-physical and biological processes: experiences of industrial wastewater treatment." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 5 (September 1, 2001): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0263.

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In this work, some experiences are described concerning the application of chemical oxidation in the treatment of industrial wastewaters in combination with other chemical-physical and/or biological processes. In the first case, two different wastewaters from saturated and unsaturated polyester resin production were considered. In a second case, optimal process conditions were assessed for the treatment of a wastewater deriving from polystyrene production. A third experience dealt with a comparison among different processes (flocculation, Fenton process, ozonisation, oxidation by means of ozone and hydrogen peroxide, oxidation by means of hydrogen peroxide and UV radiation), for the pretreatment of two industrial wastewaters (the first one being produced in a textile factory, the second one coming from detergent manufacturing). The evaluation of different processes was carried out by means of laboratory scale tests, considering treatment efficiency (organic substance removal, changes in wastewater biodegradability) and parameters (chemicals and energy consumption, sludge production) which play an important role in cost determination.
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Akinnawo, Solomon Oluwaseun, Peter Odunayo Ayadi, and Mathew Temitope Oluwalope. "Chemical coagulation and biological techniques for wastewater treatment." Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry 34, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2023-0003.

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Abstract This paper reports the effectiveness of chemical coagulation and biological techniques for the treatment of wastewater from industrial and agricultural operations. Agricultural husbandry has been reported to produce wastewater that has high content of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), turbidity as well as organic and inorganic pollutants. A comparison on the use of organic and inorganic based coagulants as well as the optimum conditions required for high percentage removal efficiency of pollutants from wastewater has been reviewed. At optimum experimental condition, ferric chloride coagulants were reported to yield 98, 95, 93 and 50 % removal of color, turbidity, iron and manganese. Moreover, chemical coagulation, electrocoagulation and biological methods have been reported to display a close range in their capacities for removing pollutants from wastewater. However, biological method was observed to be highly effective in the removal of pollutants from wastewater but requires more time and produces lesser volume of sludge, when compared to chemical method in the treatment of wastewater.
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Broch-Due, A., R. Andersen, and B. Opheim. "Treatment of integrated newsprint mill wastewater in moving bed biofilm reactors." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 2-3 (February 1, 1997): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0511.

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Wastewaters from three integrated newsprint mills have been treated in a pilot plant Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR). In the MBBR the biomass adheres to small plastic elements which move freely along with the water in the reactor. A reduction of 65-75% for COD and 85-95% for BOD was obtained at HRT of 4-5 hours. By prolonging the HRT the removal efficiencies of COD and BOD increased to about 80% and 96%, respectively. With a subsequent chemical precipitation a removal efficiency of COD up to 95% was achieved. The amount of chemicals needed for precipitation of the biologically treated wastewater was only a quarter to a third of that needed for chemical treatment of the untreated wastewater. The results showed the MBBR process to be competitive with conventional biological treatment systems and that treatment objectives can be met at short HRTs.
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Dracea, Dragos, Augustina Tronac, and Sebastian Mustata. "Current Trends in Biological Wastewater Treatment." “Agriculture for Life, Life for Agriculture” Conference Proceedings 1, no. 1 (July 1, 2018): 373–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/alife-2018-0055.

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Abstract Waste water treatment plants are complex systems consisting of construction, hydro-mechanical, electrical, monitoring and automation equipment. Monitoring activities emphasize that the processes are dynamic; wastewater quality at the entering point of treatment plant varies in a wide range. Treatment technologies adopted must reduce major pollutants; that involves nitrification-denitrification processes and biological and chemical reduction of phosphorus through mechanical-chemical-biological treatment pathways. Increasing the activated sludge concentration in a wastewater treatment plant is an effective method by altering the process dynamics and by reducing the produced sludge volume. There are proposed and discussed in terms of technical and cost efficiency different technological wastewater treatment schemes. In Romania, wastewater treatment plants and sewage systems operating involve processes based on the new systems overrated, there is mandatory to diminish quantities in water supply systems and to exclude improperly working of wastewater pre-treatment stations. Those operations impose technological measures ensuring efficient functioning regardless the service conditions.
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Gulyas, H., R. von Bismarck, and L. Hemmerling. "Treatment of industrial wastewaters with ozone/hydrogen peroxide." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 7 (October 1, 1995): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0217.

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Treatment with ozone and ozone/hydrogen peroxide was tested in a laboratory scale reactor for removal of organics from four different industrial wastewaters: wastewaters of a paper-mill and of a biotechnical pharmaceutical process as well as two process waters from soil remediation by supercritical water extraction. Moreover, an aqueous solution of triethyleneglycoldimethylether and humic acid which was a model for a biologically treated oil reclaiming wastewater was also oxidized. The aim of the oxidation of the pharmaceutical wastewater was the removal of the preservative 1.1.1-trichloro-2-methyl-2-propanol (TCMP). Although TCMP could easily be removed from pure aqueous solutions by treatment with ozone/hydrogen peroxide, the oxidation of the wastewater failed to be effective in TCMP degradation because of competitive ozonation of other organic solutes in the wastewater. The ozonation of the paper-mill wastewater and of the soil remediation process waters decreased COD and TOC to some extent. The presence of organic wastewater solutes which contain C-C double bonds (ligninsulfonic acid in the treated paper-mill effluent and humic acid in the oil reclaiming model wastewater) were shown to yield hydrogen peroxide by the reaction with ozone. Therefore, these wastewaters are efficiently ozonated even without addition of hydrogen peroxide. Chemical Oxidation of paper-mill wastewater and of wastewaters resulting from soil remediation did not improve biological degradability of organic wastewater constituents.
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Belkin, Shimshon, Asher Brenner, and Aharon Abeliovich. "Biological Treatment of a High Salinity Chemical Industrial Wastewater." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 7-8 (April 1, 1993): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0540.

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Various laboratory-scale process configurations were tested for the biological treatment of a combined wastewater stream of several chemical factories. The untreated wastewaters, rich in halogenated organics (1250±389 mg/l DOC), were also highly saline (32±11 g/liter TDS 550°C) and toxic (Microtox™ EC50 = 1.5±2.0%). Biphasic (anaerobic/aerobic) laboratory bench-scale reactor systems yielded reduction of dissolved organic carbon by 70 to 84%, in the absence and presence of powdered activated carbon, respectively. The anaerobic phase proved to be essential in all systems, both for dissolved organic carbon removal and for detoxification. Similar efficiencies were obtained in either activated sludge or aerated lagoon type reactors, but in the latter case, longer hydraulic retention times were required. DOC removal was found to decrease with increased salt concentration; however, a 50% efficiency was achieved even at 90 g/l TDS. Toxicity elimination as judged by the Microtox™ assay was highly variable in the absence of activated carbon but stable and efficient in its presence.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wastewater treatment- Chemical and biological"

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Buck, Andrew. "Characterisation of chemical processes operating within a biological wastewater treatment plant." Thesis, Open University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409874.

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Tjernström, Linnéa. "Function of soil-based on-site wastewater treatment systems - Biological and chemical treatment capacity." Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik (flyttat 20130630), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-210716.

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On-site wastewater treatment systems are among the main Swedish anthropogenic sources of nutrients causing euthropication of the Baltic Sea. Among on-site systems in Sweden almost half have septic tank treatment followed by a soil-based system, in which the wastewater is treated through soil filtration. In this study a soil based technique for on-site wastewater treatment is studied where wastewater is filtered through a sand filter. Composite samples of influent and effluent at two sand filters in the area of Stockholm are sampled to determine their chemical and biological function and to compare their treatment capacity to requirements. Parameters within the scope of the study are tot-P, NH4-N, DOC, pH, turbidity and dissolved oxygen. Biological function was considered to be good in both systems as nitrification was high and the effluent had sufficient levels of dissolved oxygen suggesting aerobic conditions. Prevailing aerobic conditions in the sand filters would also indicate good reduction of organic substances which is the case for DOC as it was reduced by above 85 % for one site and almost 70 % for the other site. The overall high reduction of organic micropollutants in the systems, reported in another study, also suggests that biological function when it comes to reduction of organic substances is good. On the other hand, chemical function, with respect to reduction of phosphorus, was not sufficient as none of the systems fulfilled the requirements from HaV for normal or high protection level. In the systems tot-P was reduced by 42 and 54 % respectively. A drawback with the method approach used in the study is that the obtained reduction results only can represent the actual situation if variations in incoming and outgoing flow, variations in influent concentrations and magnitude of dilution of effluent compared to daily wastewater load are small. As these are unknown in this case it adds uncertainty to the results.
Decentraliserade system för rening av avloppsvatten är bland de huvudsakliga svenska antropogena källorna till näringsämnen som bidrar till övergödning av Östersjön. Bland decentraliserade system i Sverige är nästan hälften system med slamavskiljare följt av ett markbaserat system i vilket avloppsvattnet renas genom infiltration i jord. I denna studie studeras en markbaserad teknik i vilken avloppsvattnet filtreras genom sand, en så kallad markbädd. En fältundersökning gjordes där samlingsprov av ingående och utgående avloppsvatten togs på två markbäddar i Stockholmsområdet för att bestämma deras biologiska och kemiska reningsfunktion samt att jämföra avskiljningen av fosfor i systemen med rekommendationer från HaV. Parametrar som inkluderats i studien är totalfosfor, ammonium-kväve, löst organiskt kol, pH, turbiditet och löst syre. Biologisk funktion ansågs bra i båda markbäddarna eftersom nitrifikationen var hög och utgående vatten hade tillräckliga halter av löst syre vilket implicerar att markbäddarna var väl syresatta. Rådande syrerika förhållanden i markbäddarna antyder också att organiskt material bryts ned avsevärt, vilket är fallet för löst kol som reducerades med mer än 85 % i en av markbäddarna och med nästan 70 % i den andra. Den höga reduktionen av organiska mikroföroreningar som påvisats i markbäddarna i en annan studie tyder också på att biologisk funktion med avseende på avsklijning av organiska substanser är bra. Kemisk funktion, med avseende på avskiljning av totalfosfor, var inte tillräcklig då ingen av markbäddarna levde upp till reduktionskraven från HaV för normal eller hög skyddsnivå. Totalfosfor avskiljdes med 42 respektive 54 % i markbäddarna. En nackdel med metoden som användes i studien är att de resultat som fåtts för avkiljning av de olika parametrarna endast kan representera den verkliga situationen om variationer i in- och utgående flöde samt variationer i ingående vattenkoncentrationer är små och om utspädningseffekten av utgående vatten är försumbar.
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Gamez, Grijalva Victor Manuel. "BIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL METHODS FOR TREATMENT OF SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING EFFLUENTS." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195838.

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Semiconductor manufacturing is one of the most advancing, growing and evolving industries. The production of semiconductors presents several challenges, both technologically and environmentally. The amount and complexity of the chemical substances utilized in the manufacturing process has been growing exponentially, and new chemicals are often introduced to the process and the environment. Two steps of this process play a special important role in the introduction of new chemical and demand of natural resources: Chemical Mechanical Planarization (CMP) and Photolithography.Wastewaters from the semiconductor manufacturing are complex and have several chemicals in different concentrations. Heavy metals, acids, chelators, surfactants and other chemicals are found in semiconductor effluents. Part of the scope of this study is to evaluate and remediate wastewaters produced in semiconductor manufacturing.During the development of this project it was found that copper can be successfully removed and recovered from CMP wastewaters by the use of a sulfate reducing bioreactor and a crystallization reactor, promoting precipitation of copper sulfides on the surface of silica sand. High removal and recovery efficiencies were found as result of the study. Another finding include that citrate is a readily biodegradable compound which can be successfully utilized as electron donor for anaerobic processes such as methanogenesis and sulfate reductions. However other important chelator, like EDTA, can cause toxicity to these microorganisms and affect important biological processes. PFOS is an important chemical for the semiconductor industry; however, the physical and chemical properties make this compound persistent in the environment and bioaccumulative. New substitutes for PFOS were tested and evaluated for their environmental impact. It was found that perfluorination plays an important role in the chemical properties of PFOS and removal of this characteristic improves the environmental performance of the new substitutes. Evaluation of these new chemicals was also performed by simulation and modeling. The software utilized in this study identified properties like toxicity and octanol-water partition coefficient accurately. On the other hand biodegradability was poorly estimated and new models are suggested for evaluation of this property for compounds with characteristics similar to the ones studied here (specifically high fluorination).
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Sudarjanto, Gatut. "Integrated chemical and biological treatment process to remove colour compounds from wastewater /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2006. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19717.pdf.

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Kramadhati, Narahari Narasiah. "The impact of aircraft deicing wastes on the biological wastewater treatment process /." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100640.

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In order to ensure aircraft safety during winter conditions, glycol-based deicing and anti-icing fluids are employed prior to takeoff. These products can exert a severe impact on the environment if allowed to go untreated. The present study is related to the treatment of glycol-contaminated wastewaters by the activated sludge process.
The specific objectives of the research were to: (1) determine the effects of process parameters such as biomass concentration, deicing fluid concentration and temperature on the biodegradation kinetics. (2) determine the mechanism of deicing fluid removal and model the reaction rates. (3) determine the effects of microbial changes on the treatment process. (4) evaluate the advantages of a sequencing batch reactor for the treatment of deicing wastes. (5) corroborate our laboratory results with field data from an operating wastewater facility treating deicing wastes.
The results from the field show that despite the increases in influent organic matter during the deicing season, there were very little changes in effluent values of organic matter. Furthermore, influent concentrations of deicing fluid between 10 and 30 mg/L were reduced to trace amounts (i.e. below 5 mg/L) throughout the deicing season. However, as witnessed by the high sludge volume index during the deicing season, the presence of deicing fluid creates settling problems in the clarifier.
The laboratory batch experiments indicate optimal substrate removal rates at biomass concentrations of 1000 mg/L and 2000 mg/L. Very low biomass levels lead to inhibition whereas a high biomass level of 3000 mg/L is unnecessary since the food to microorganism ratio is such that only a fraction of the biomass participates in the degradation reaction. With regards to deicing fluid concentration, organic matter removal rates tend to increase as the deicing fluid is increased. However, at the highest level of deicing fluid, certain inhibitory effects are present. As expected, higher temperatures produce much higher removal rates with the ethylene glycol substrate showing less variation with temperature than the other organic compounds present in the wastewater.
With regards to the mechanism of removal, the results showed very little adsorption of organic matter onto the biomass within the first hour of contact. In addition, the total organic matter removal (TOC and COD) followed first order kinetics with respect to substrate concentration.
Lastly, sequencing batch reactor operation allowed for much higher removal rates as the microbial population is acclimatized to the substrate with increasing cycles. With regards to the microbial population, the Biolog results showed that there was a decrease in the variety of compounds that could be degraded as the biomass was exposed to the deicing fluid. Furthermore, most population changes occurred at the very beginning of the deicing season and in the first half of the SBR experiments.
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Carini, Diane. "Treatment of industrial wastewater using chemical-biological sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) processes /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1999. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=13431.

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Kordi, Javad. "Processes and drivers of biological and chemical Phosphorus removal in wastewater treatment plants." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-38814.

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Phosphorus (P) is one of the most important elements exists in wastewater in soluble forms. Several methods have been using for P recovery in wastewater treatment plants, but this study tried to investigate on the most important drivers and the processes of biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) and chemical phosphorus removal that are the major technics of P recovery globally. It has been considered that EBPR is a high recovery method (normally greater than 90%) which could be implemented in different regimes with the integration feasibility of different methods, while chemical precipitation is a flexible technique that could be dosed in various section of a treatment unit. The performance and drivers of three metal-based salts such as Iron (Fe), Aluminum (Al), and Calcium (Ca) also investigated during chemical precipitation. The crystallization process is also investigated as a subcategory model of chemical P removal method. It has been considered that the alkaline pH of 9-9.5, mixing intensity, and the addition of isomorphic seed materials are the most important factors in the crystallization process.
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Yan, Qingmei, and 嚴慶梅. "Biological nitrogen removal of saline wastewater by ammoniumoxidizers." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42182116.

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Zhao, Kang, and 趙鈧. "An iron-facilitated chemical and biological process for phosphorus removal and recovery during wastewater treatment." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/196027.

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Phosphorus (P) is an important pollutant of concern in wastewater that causes eutrophication and algal blooms in water body. On the other hand, P is a valuable natural resource for agricultural and industrial use. With the rapid depletion of mineral phosphorus on earth, there is a need to recover phosphorus from wastewater. In this study, a new chemical and biological process facilitated with iron dosing has been developed for P removal and recovery during wastewater treatment. The system consists of a main stream identical to the conventional activated sludge process in an aerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for P removal and a side stream of sludge recirculation through an anaerobic SBR (AnSBR) for P release and recovery from the P-rich sludge. In the aerobic SBR treating a synthetic domestic wastewater, Fe(III) (FeCl3) was dosed to remove P by precipitation and adsorption. Fe(III) dosing at a Fe/P molar ratio of 1.5:1 could reduce the P concentration from more than 10 mg/L to below 1 mg/L in the final effluent. Compared to other dosing periods, dosing Fe(III) right before the SBR settling could achieve the best result in sludge flocculation and P removal. Meanwhile, organic removal was well maintained as 90% of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) was degraded in the aerobic SBR. In the AnSBR, phosphate precipitated with ferric iron in the sludge was released owing to microbial Fe(III) reduction, and a positive correlation was found between the phosphate and ferrous iron concentrations in the sludge suspension. Chemical tests showed that significant P release from Fe(III)-P occurred only if the acidic condition and the reducing condition were combined. For the AnSBR sludge, a higher organic loading, lower pH and higher biomass concentration resulted in a higher level of Fe(III) reduction and P release. Organic acidogenesis prevailed in the reactor and lowered the pH to ~4.5, which facilitated the P release from the solid phase into the liquid phase. With a solids retention time (SRT) of 10 days, the anaerobic supernatant contained a phosphate concentration of up to 70 mg/L, while the settled sludge was returned to the aerobic SBR. The phosphate could be readily recovered from the supernatant with Fe-induced precipitation by aeration and pH adjustment, and the overall P recovery could be achieved at about 70%. In addition to the treatment performance, the speciation of P in the aerobic sludge and the anaerobic sludge also was investigated. A significant change in the immediately available P and the redox-sensitive P was found in the sludge through the aerobic-anaerobic cycle. Such chemical transformation is believed to be crucial to the P removal and recovery during the wastewater treatment process.
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Civil Engineering
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Master of Philosophy
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Bailey, Andrew Douglas. "An exploratory investigation of crossflow microfiltration for solid/liquid separation in biological wastewater treatment." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21915.

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This thesis contains the results and discussion of an exploratory investigation into the application of Crossflow Microfiltration (CFMF) for solid/liquid separation in biological wastewater treatment systems. The principal objective of the study was to assess the influence of CFMF on the performance of identified biological wastewater treatment systems. It was not the objective to optimise filtration performance. A literature review indicated that the crossflow mode of filtration has been widely accepted as a unit operation in the fermentation industry. The filtration mode is now being applied not only for solid/liquid separation but also for separations on a molecular and ionic level. Very few applications of crossflow filtration in the context of biological wastewater treatment solid/liquid separation are reported in the literature. The reasons for this limited experience would appear to be the scale involved and the perceived high costs; separations in the fermentation industry are usually conducted at relatively small scale (laboratory or pilot-scale) and involve high-value products, justifying high capital and operating costs. Also, the high level of separation performance attained is perhaps not necessary for many wastewater treatment applications. No doubt these reservations are largely valid. However, these arguments cannot be applied equally to all filtration methods and wastewater treatment schemes. For example, the costs of microfiltration are substantially less than ultrafiltration or reverse osmosis, and in certain cases effluents with extremely low suspended solids contents may be required. In the light of these observations an investigation of CFMF for solid/liquid separation in biological wastewater treatment systems appears justified. Two biological treatment systems were selected for study: the Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed (UASB) reactor and the Activated Sludge system. The envisaged benefits accruing from the application of CFMF were different in each case.
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Books on the topic "Wastewater treatment- Chemical and biological"

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M, Henze, ed. Wastewater treatment: Biological and chemical processes. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer, 1997.

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Ksenofontov, Boris. Biological wastewater treatment. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1013710.

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The training manual sets out the theoretical and practical foundations of biological wastewater treatment in both natural and artificial conditions. For in-depth study of the fundamentals of biological wastewater treatment is quite detailed sections on the basics of Microbiology. Much attention is paid to choosing the best technologies of biological wastewater treatment with effective methods of nutrient removal. In the expanded version of the methods of biological purification of wastewater using membrane bioreactors. Are extensively explored domestic and foreign experience of biological treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater. Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation. Intended for students of bachelor, master, PhD students, teachers and professionals interested in the methods of sewage purification, and it is recommended to study for the enlarged group of specialties and areas 20.00.00 "Technosphere safety and environmental engineering".
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T, Daigger Glen, and Lim Henry C. 1935-, eds. Biological wastewater treatment. 2nd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1999.

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Shah, Maulin P., ed. Biological Treatment of Industrial Wastewater. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839165399.

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Hahn, Hermann H., and Rudolf Klute, eds. Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76093-8.

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Sakurai, Akihiko. Wastewater treatment using enzymes. Edited by Research Signpost (Trivandrum India). Trivandrum: Research Signpost, 2003.

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Dezotti, Márcia, Geraldo Lippel, and João Paulo Bassin. Advanced Biological Processes for Wastewater Treatment. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58835-3.

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Biotechnology and wastewater treatment. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press, 1985.

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Hahn, Hermann H., Erhard Hoffmann, and Hallvard Ødegaard, eds. Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment IV. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61196-4.

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Klute, Rudolf, and Hermann H. Hahn, eds. Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment III. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79110-9.

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Book chapters on the topic "Wastewater treatment- Chemical and biological"

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Cooper, Paul. "Biological Treatment Versus Chemical Treatment." In Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment IV, 327–28. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61196-4_30.

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Ilmavirta, A. "Chemical-biological Treatment Versus Chemical Treatment — A Case Study." In Pretreatment in Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment, 281–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73819-7_23.

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Henze, Mogens, and Poul Harremoës. "Chemical-Biological Nutrient Removal — The HYPRO Concept." In Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment, 499–510. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76093-8_33.

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Jørgensen, P. E. "Biological Hydrolysis of Sludge from Primary Precipitation." In Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment, 511–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76093-8_34.

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Bundgaard, Erik, and Jan Pedersen. "Full Scale Experience with Biological and Chemical Phosphorus Removal." In Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment, 443–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76093-8_29.

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Parsons, S. A., C. Bedel, and B. Jefferson. "Chemical vs. Biological Treatment of Grey Water." In Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment VI, 383–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59791-6_35.

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Kristensen, G. Holm, and P. Elberg Jørgensen. "Pre-precipitation Followed by Biological Denitrification Supported by Addition of Biological or Thermal/Chemical Hydrolysis Products." In Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment II, 313–28. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77827-8_20.

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Hoffmann, Erhard, and Rudolf Klute. "Improving the Denitrification Potential in Biological Wastewater Treatment by Dosing Carbon from Sludge Hydrolysis." In Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment, 543–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76093-8_37.

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Harremoës, Poul, and Mogens Henze. "The Relative Merits of Biological Versus Chemical Wastewater Treatment." In Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment IV, 317–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61196-4_27.

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Karlsson, Ingemar, Jonas Göransson, and Kim Rindel. "Use of Internal Carbon from Sludge Hydrolysis in Biological Wastewater Treatment." In Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment II, 329–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77827-8_21.

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Conference papers on the topic "Wastewater treatment- Chemical and biological"

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Kerkez, Đurđa, Milena Bečelić-Tomin, Gordana Pucar Milidrag, Vesna Gvoić, Aleksandra Kulić Mandić, Anita Leovac Maćerak, and Dragana Tomašević Pilipović. "Treatment of wastewater containing printing dyes: summary and perspectives." In 10th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design,, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2020-p31.

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Synthetic dyes are widely used in textile, printing, leather tanning, cosmetic, drug and food processing industries. The printing and dyeing industry is considered as one of the most polluting industrial sectors. The printing process is very versatile and includes printing on paper as well as printing on textile, plastic and other materials. After the printing process is completed, various chemicals such as ethers, alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, benzene, and esters are used in the cleaning procedure. Resulting wastewater often contains a variety of solvents, surfactants, dyes, and other chemicals, thus greatly increasing the difficulty of wastewater treatment. Improper discharge of printing and dyeing wastewater into water bodies will have several effect, beginning with aesthetical issues followed by destruction of the aqueous ecosystem due to light attenuation, oxygen consumption and toxicity effects. Therefore, it is very important to find out and optimize printing and dying wastewater treatment techniques. Processes for dye removal from wastewater can be physical, chemical, biological and more recently hybrid treatments. Physical processes such as adsorption, based on mass transfer mechanism, are commonly used method mainly due to ease of operation and high efficiency. Chemical processes including coagulation and flocculation, advanced oxidation processes and electrochemical treatment are usually more expensive due t chemicals use, equipment requirements and electrical energy consumption. However, these techniques are destructive and may lead to total mineralization of dye molecules and accompanying pollutants. Biological treatment is a low-cost and environmentally friendly process that produces less sludge. This method has significant advantages but dye molecules are less prone to this kind of treatment as they are made to be stable and reluctant. So, the adjustment and optimization of biological treatment, for dye removal, is an ongoing field of research. In recent studies hybrid processes are gaining more attention, combining different techniques. Integrating treatments, as a cost-saving and time-saving process, can represent optimal solution for printing wastewater treatment.
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Sabliy, Larisa, Veronika Zhukova, and Lyubov Kika. "Effective Biological Treatment of Tannery Wastewater from Nitrogen Compounds." In The 9th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2022.ii.22.

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Even after using physico-chemical and biological methods, tannery wastewater still contains a large amount of nitrogen compounds, which reaches 90 mg/dm3. The ingress of such wastewater into natural reservoirs leads to eutrophication. The goal is to determine the efficiency of nitrogen compounds removal during sequential wastewater treatment in anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic bioreactors with immobilized microorganisms. For the study, wastewater from a tannery, collected after cleaning in aeration tanks, was used. Model solutions with a concentration of 18.4 - 90 mg/ dm3 were obtained by dilution. 5 sequential bioreactors were used - anaerobic (2 stages), anoxic (2 stages) and aerobic (1 stage) with a capacity of 125 ml/h. Microorganisms were immobilized in each bioreactor on artificial carrier. The effects of organic nitrogen removal in anaerobic bioreactors were 58-66%, anoxic 51-70%, aerobic 57, 5%. A decrease in the concentration of nitrogen compounds occurs as a result of the formation of N2, NH3 gases and the use of nitrogen by microorganisms for biomass growth. It is proposed that sequential treatment of tannery wastewater in anaerobic, anoxic, and aerobic conditions with immobilized microorganisms made it possible to obtain a high degree of nitrogen removal. The method does not require chemical materials and is ecological.
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Cong, Cong, and Xiaojun Wang. "The Port Chemical Cabin Washing Wastewater Treatment by Ozonation-Biological Aerated Filter." In 2009 3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2009.5163641.

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"Decolorisation Treatment of Wastewater Containing Reactive Yellow 15 Using Herbal absorbent of Wheat Husk." In 3rd International Conference on Biological, Chemical and Environmental Sciences. International Institute of Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/iicbe.c0915062.

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Radu, Florina, Sofia Popescu, Antoanela Cozma, Alexandru Rinovetz, and Bogdan Radoi. "EARLY REMEDIATION OF WASTEWATERS FROM ROMANIAN FOOD INDUSTRY: A CASE STUDY OF IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF DAIRY INDUSTRY WASTEWATER." In 22nd International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.07.

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The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the role played by different wastewater treatment technologies in the dairy industry in the context of the challenges of sustainable development: water scarcity and conservation of water resources, the constant growth of the population and the costs of wastewater treatment in centralized systems, increasing constraints and stricter environmental protection regulations. In this sense, the efficiency of wastewater treatment plants belonging to a number of 8 factories was determined. The studied factories were divided into three groups according to the type of wastewater treatment technology, namely: the first group uses only the pretreatment stage; the second uses the mechanical-chemical and biological treatment stages with biogas production; the third group has an aerobic biological treatment coupled with a reverse osmosis module. Water samples were taken weekly from the influent and effluent of each wastewater treatment plant for 6 months (March-August 2022). A number of 8 quality parameters were analyzed for both waste water and treated water, in accordance with the national regulations. The results highlighted the fact that the values of chemical oxygen consumption (COD), five-days biochemical oxygen consumption (BOD5), total suspended solids (TSS), phosphorus (PTotal), respectively total nitrogen (NTotal), and ammonium nitrogen for all wastewater samples far exceeded the limits of admissibility provided by the national wastewater quality standards. Instead, the pH values and the chloride content were within acceptable limits. The apply of mechanical and biological wastewater treatments determined the decrease of COD, BOD5 and TSS concentrations by more than 95%, respectively by more than 85% in the case of PTotal. The efficiency of the reverse osmosis module was over 95% in the case of ammonium nitrogen elimination. As a result of the onsite implementation of these technologies for the treatment of wastewater from the dairy industry, the values of the quality indicators of the effluents were in accordance with the regulations regarding the discharge of treated water into natural receivers or into the urban sewage network without affecting the environment.
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DAPKIENĖ, Midona, Nomeda SABIENĖ, and Algirdas RADZEVIČIUS. "CONTAMINATION OF THE ROOT VEGETABLES WASH WATER AND ITS TREATMENT EFFICIENCY." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.010.

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Growing volume of washed vegetables in Europe and Lithuania means that more drinking water is consumed and more wastewater is produced. Farmers, who engage in washing vegetables, face the problems of wastewater treatment, wastewater storage and utilization. Wastewater released to the environment from their farms would meet hygiene and environmental protection criteria. The aim of the study was to assess the contamination of the root vegetable wash water and to evaluate the possiblity of cleaning of wastewater in the land-based treatment system consisting of one constructed wetland and two biological ponds. The contamination of wastewater, produced by washed root vegetables, in Lithuanian farms was measured according to suspended solids (SS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen and total phosphorus. Pollution of the wash water and wastewater was evaluated comparing the mean values with legislative limit values and with typical sewage contamination values. In all farms wastewater of initial root vegetables washing was treated in settling basins. Wastewater of one carrots washing farm was treated in the land-based wastewater treatment system consisting of surface flow constructed wetland and two biological ponds. Efficiency of the wastewater treatment in this system was according to suspended solids 90%, BOD7 – 97%, CODCr – 92%, total nitrogen – 98% , total phosphorus – 97%. The result shows, that the natural wastewater treatment system is suitable for farms, that wash and produce vegetables, but before releasing wastewater to the environment, it has to be settled.
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Hrudka, Jaroslav, Reka Wittmanova, Stefan Stanko, Andrea Raczkova, and Ivona Skultetyova. "POSSIBILITIES OF SEWAGE TREATMENT TEMPORARILY ACCUMULATED IN SUMPS." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/3.1/s12.19.

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The inhabitants produce the sump waters and accumulate temporarily in the sumps. This is sewage that must be treated before it is discharged to surface waters. Slovak legislation does not allow the discharge of such waters into the soil. The possibilities of sump water treatment are given by the water management equipment of the given locality where sewage water is produced. The most common treatment method is transported at municipal wastewater treatment plants, which are, however, largely congested. In many cases, the sump water is no longer able to receive in WWTP. Another way is domestic wastewater treatment plants, and also they are wastewater treatment plants exclusively for sump waters. Sump waters have a predominantly high organic content and therefore their quality needs to be constantly monitored. The most important monitored characteristics of sump waters are COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) and BOD5 (Biological Oxygen Demand). The high concentration of these substances in the sump water can adversely affect the processes at the municipal wastewater treatment plant. Due to the rapid development of rural settlements without a functioning sewerage system, it is necessary to intensify or adapt the existing wastewater treatment plants. However, many engineers see the solution to this problem in the construction of separate wastewater treatment plants for sump waters.
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Nguyen, Don. "Emerging Technologies for Treating Contaminants in Marine Wastewater." In ASME/USCG 2010 2nd Workshop on Marine Technology and Standards. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mts2010-0207.

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Contaminants in marine wastewater facing current or near-future regulations can be broadly categorized to free oil & suspended solids, emulsified oil and dissolved solids, and biological organisms. The first category of contaminants has been treated by commercially available OWS systems. The second class of contaminants, emulsified oils and dissolved solids, has been effectively treated by UF membrane filtration and to a less extent by biological oxidation and surface modified filters. A survey of recent advances in physical and chemical demulsification technologies to enhance emulsified oil removal with reduced loads on membrane was conducted. The study also identified new applications for treatments of biological organisms in ballast water. Paper published with permission.
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Al-Kaabi, Maryam Ali, Mohammad Ahmad Al-Ghouti, Nabil A. Zouari, and Talaat Abdelfattah Ahmed. "An Integrated Approach to Produced Water Treatment using Sand Filtration, Activated Carbon and Microemulsions modified Activated Carbon." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0066.

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The produced water from natural gas production process in the North field offshore is considered as the largest wastewater volume in Qatar, which could be potentially used for clean water resources for the industry as well as for some other domestic uses, if it is treated properly. This research aims to study the physical and chemical characterizations of the produced water from the North field and examine the removal of major inorganic and organic pollutants and heavy metals from the PW by using different treatments method such as using the sand filtration, activated carbon filtration and modified activated carbon filtration. The physical and chemical characterization of produced water was examined followed by treatment through sand filtration coupled with activated carbon and microemulsion modified activated carbon techniques. The results of characterization showed that the produced water had high concentration of COD, TOC, BTEX and various metals. After sand filtration, considerable reduction in TSS and COD was achieved. Furthermore, BTEX were also removed by more than 93% except for toluene. However, sand filtration was not enough to remove most of the metals and ions. Therefore, further treatment was done through activated carbon and modified activated carbon and their treatment efficiency was compared. Both techniques were able to achieve higher removal efficiencies for BTEX, metals and ions. Thus, the treated water was free from all major pollutants of PW and can be considered suitable for reuse at industrial application. Further studies and applications could be applied on produced water such as studying the biological characterization and applying biological treatment processes.
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Stonkutė, Monika. "EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON APPLICATION OF YEAST IN HEAVY METAL REMOVAL FROM POLLUTED WATER." In 24-oji jaunųjų mokslininkų konferencijos „Mokslas – Lietuvos ateitis“ teminė konferencija APLINKOS APSAUGOS INŽINERIJA. Vilniaus Gedimino Technikos Universitetas, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/aainz.2021.23.

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Both surface and groundwater can be contaminated with a variety of chemicals, making it dangerous to use water for domestic usage. Water can be contaminated with heavy metals (HM), petroleum products, detergents, radioactive isotopes, mineral or organic fertilizers. Copper, cadmium and lead are some of the most commonly emitted heavy metals from various industries. Adsorption is considered to be one of the alternative methods of treatment of wastewater contaminated with heavy metals. The use of adsorbents of biological origin for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater is a promising method due to the low costs, rapid biodegradation and easy availability of adsorbents.
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Reports on the topic "Wastewater treatment- Chemical and biological"

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Moore, Joe, Preom Sarkar, and Djuna Gulliver. Biological Treatment of Flue Gas Desulfurization Wastewater. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1766571.

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Price, Barbara B. Chemical Biological Medical Treatment Symposia-III. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada394695.

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Lee, T. Y., Bingham Y. Pan, and Henry P. Sheng. Final Feasibility Report on Chemical Treatment of Sodium Nitrite Wastewater. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada250513.

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Burton, Dennis T., and William C. Graves. Evaluation of Several Biological Monitoring Techniques for Hazard Assessment of Potentially Contaminated Wastewater and Groundwater. Volume 1. Aberdeen Proving Ground-Edgewood Area Wastewater Treatment Plant. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada260734.

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Klasson, KT. NITRO-HYDROLYSIS: AN ENERGY EFFICIENT SOURCE REDUCTION AND CHEMICAL PRODUCTION PROCESS FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT BIOSOLIDS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/885721.

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Burrows, W. D., Elizabeth T. Paulson, and Robert P. Carnahan. Biological Treatment of Composition B Wastewaters. 3. Analysis of Performance of Holston Army Ammunition Plant Wastewater Treatment Facility, January 1985 through August 1986: Errata. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada261814.

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Schideman, Lance, Joshua McCann, Fred Harrington, Ravi Prasad, Chih-Ting Kuo, Michelle Zosky, and Benjamin Lam. Improving the Economic Viability of Biological Utilization of Coal Power Plant CO2 by Improved Algae Productivity and Integration with Wastewater Treatment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1887581.

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Able, Chad, Mark Woods, Marc Turner, and Eric Grol. Techno-Economic Analysis of Chemical Precipitation Followed by Low Hydraulic Residence Time Biological Treatment, Including Ultrafiltration. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1886384.

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Husson, Scott M., Viatcheslav Freger, and Moshe Herzberg. Antimicrobial and fouling-resistant membranes for treatment of agricultural and municipal wastewater. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598151.bard.

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This research project introduced a novel membrane coating strategy to combat biofouling, which is a major problem for the membrane-based treatment of agricultural and municipal wastewaters. The novelty of the strategy is that the membrane coatings have the unique ability to switch reversibly between passive (antifouling) and active (antimicrobial) fouling control mechanisms. This dual-mode approach differs fundamentally from other coating strategies that rely solely on one mode of fouling control. The research project had two complementary objectives: (1) preparation, characterization, and testing of dual-mode polymer nanolayers on planar surfaces and (2) evaluation of these nanolayers as membrane modifiers. The first objective was designed to provide a fundamental understanding of how polymer nanolayer chemistry and structure affect bacterial deposition and to demonstrate the reversibility of chemical switching. The second objective, which focused on membrane development, characterization, and testing, was designed to demonstrate methods for the production of water treatment membranes that couple passive and active biofouling control mechanisms. Both objectives were attained through synergistic collaboration among the three research groups. Using planar silicon and glass surfaces, we demonstrated using infrared spectroscopy that this new polymer coating can switch reversibly between the anti-fouling, zwitterion mode and an anti-microbial, quaternary amine mode. We showed that switching could be done more than 50 times without loss of activity and that the kinetics for switching from a low fouling zwitterion surface to an antimicrobial quaternary amine surface is practical for use. While a low pH was required for switching in the original polymer, we illustrated that by slightly altering the chemistry, it is possible to adjust the pH at which the switching occurs. A method was developed for applying the new zwitterionic surface chemistry onto polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration membranes. Bacteria deposition studies showed that the new chemistry performed better than other common anti-fouling chemistries. Biofilm studies showed that PESultrafiltration membranes coated with the new chemistry accumulated half the biomass volume as unmodified membranes. Biofilm studies also showed that PES membranes coated with the new chemistry in the anti-microbial mode attained higher biofilm mortality than PES membranes coated with a common, non-switchablezwitterionic polymer. Results from our research are expected to improve membrane performance for the purification of wastewaters prior to use in irrigation. Since reduction in flux due to biofouling is one of the largest costs associated with membrane processes in water treatment, using dual-mode nanolayer coatings that switch between passive and active control of biofouling and enable detachment of attached biofoulants would have significant economic and societal impacts. Specifically, this research program developed and tested advanced ultrafiltration membranes for the treatment of wastewaters. Such membranes could find use in membrane bioreactors treating municipal wastewater, a slightly upgraded version of what presently is used in Israel for irrigation. They also may find use for pretreatment of agricultural wastewaters, e.g., rendering facility wastewater, prior to reverse osmosis for desalination. The need to desalinate such impaired waters water for unlimited agricultural use is likely in the near future.
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Dzombak, David, Radisav Vidic, and Amy Landis. Use of Treated Municipal Wastewater as Power Plant Cooling System Makeup Water: Tertiary Treatment versus Expanded Chemical Regimen for Recirculating Water Quality Management. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1063876.

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