Journal articles: 'Wastewater data quality'

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Thomann, M. "Quality evaluation methods for wastewater treatment plant data." Water Science and Technology 57, no. 10 (May 1, 2008): 1601–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.151.

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Non identified systematic errors in data sets can cause severe problems inducing wrong decisions in function control, process modelling or planning of new treatment infrastructure. In this paper statistical methods are shown to identify systematic errors in full-scale WWTP data sets. With a redundant mass balance approach analyzing five different mass balances, systematic errors of about 10%–20% compared to the input fluxes can be identified at a 5%-significance level. A Shewhart control-chart approach to survey the data quality of on-line-sensors allows a statistical as well as a fast graphical analysis of the measurement process. A 19 month data set indicates that NO3−, PO4− and NH4− on-line analyzers in the filter effluent and MLSS sensors in the aeration tanks were not disturbed by any systematic error for 85–95% of the measuring time. The in-control-interval (±3·standard deviation) has a width of ±12–17% (NO3-N), ±35–40% (PO4-P), ±83% (NH4-N) and ±12–15% (TS) of the measured reference value.

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Al-haddad, Adel, Mohd Elmuntasir Ahmed, Hussain Abdullah, and Rashed Al-Yaseen. "Anomalies in industrial wastewater quality data in Kuwait." Data in Brief 35 (April 2021): 106945. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2021.106945.

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Gillenwater, Patricia S., Meltem Urgun-Demirtas, M. Cristina Negri, and Jorge Alvarado. "Improving data quality on low level mercury wastewater analysis." J. Environ. Monit. 14, no. 1 (2012): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1em10710k.

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Námer, J., and L. Hyánek. "Present state of municipal wastewater treatment in Slovakia." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 5 (September 1, 1994): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0223.

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This paper reviews the present state of municipal wastewater treatment in the Slovak Republic. A comprehensive approach was applied to the problem; particular elements of water quality control systems were studied and subsequently their interactions were considered. Analysis of available data in this field shows the serious problems concerned with the performance and maintenance of existing sewer systems and wastewater treatment plants as well as with their process efficiency and impact on the water quality of receivers. The significant influence of groundwater infiltration and industrial wastewaters on municipal wastewater quality and their impact on effluent quality are documented. All these facts were evaluated and priorities were set for improving the water quality control and the utilization of integrated urban water quality management, keeping in mind the typical socio-economic problems encountered during the transition of post-communist countries.

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Mundi, Gurvinder, Richard G. Zytner, Keith Warriner, Hossein Bonakdari, and Bahram Gharabaghi. "Machine Learning Models for Predicting Water Quality of Treated Fruit and Vegetable Wastewater." Water 13, no. 18 (September 10, 2021): 2485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13182485.

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Wash-waters and wastewaters from the fruit and vegetable processing industry are characterized in terms of solids and organic content that requires treatment to meet regulatory standards for purpose-of-use. In the following, the efficacy of 13 different water remediation methods (coagulation, filtration, bioreactors, and ultraviolet-based methods) to treat fourteen types of wastewater derived from fruit and vegetable processing (fruit, root vegetables, leafy greens) were examined. Each treatment was assessed in terms of reducing suspended solids, total phosphorus, nitrogen, biochemical and chemical oxygen demand. From the data generated, it was possible to develop predictive modeling for each of the water treatments tested. Models to predict post-treatment water quality were studied and developed using multiple linear regression (coefficient of determination (R2) of 30 to 83%), which were improved by the generalized structure of group method of data handling models (R2 of 73–99%). The selection of multiple linear regression and the generalized structure of group method of data handling models was due to the ability of the models to produce robust equations for ease of use and practicality. The large variability and complex nature of wastewater quality parameters were challenging to represent in linear models; however, they were better suited for group method of data handling technique as shown in the study. The model provides an important tool to end users in selecting the appropriate treatment based on the original wastewater characteristics and required standards for the treated water.

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Mohammad, Alsharifa Hind, Wisam Hazimeh, Khaldoun Shatanawi, and Mahmoud Abualhaija. "Quantity not quality: promoting sustainable wastewater practices in Jordan." Water Policy 22, no. 3 (April 9, 2020): 435–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2020.195.

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Abstract Jordan, the second most water-scarce country in the world, is gradually increasing its reliance on treated wastewater for its water supply; more than 90% of treated wastewater is used either in agricultural or industrial activities in Jordan. However, in Jordan, all treated wastewater plants are constructed upstream of dams, the latter being used to store treated wastewater. Most dams in the country were originally constructed to collect freshwater through rainfalls. Mixing this source of freshwater with treated wastewater decreases the dams' water quality. This study examines the effects of mixing freshwater with treated wastewater in dams by comparing water samples from the outflows of selected wastewater treatment plants and different dams with historical hydrochemical data of dam water before the diversion of treated wastewater. This study finds that the quality of dam water, in which freshwater has been mixed with treated wastewater, notably decreases. Hence, this study formulates policy recommendations on how to ensure a sustainable water supply that ensures the quality necessary to different water uses, making the suggestion of a separate storage system in dams.

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Michal, Kriška, Němcová Miroslava, and Hyánková Eva. "The influence of ammonia on groundwater quality during wastewater irrigation." Soil and Water Research 13, No. 3 (July 2, 2018): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/124/2017-swr.

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Currently, agriculture in many countries including the Czech Republic is increasingly facing the problem of drought. The lack of precipitation results in a reduced harvest, which implies added irrigation and freshwater requirements. One of the ways to overcome the scarcity of fresh water is to search for alternative sources of irrigation water. The paper deals with a water source, which has not been preferred yet, but theoretically provides a wide application - treated municipal wastewater. Under a pilot plant, several selected soils were tested, placed in 2.0 m high filtration columns. Our observation was focused on ammonia nitrogen and its gradual decline during the flow through the soil profile. Samples from the filtration columns (inflow = irrigation; outflow = drainage water) were periodically taken, while the collected data were used for calibration of the numerical model. The model was calibrated in two successive separate steps, both were compiled in HYDRUS-2D. In the first step the model was calibrated according to the measured soil water content of materials. Subsequently, a second calibration was performed using the measured seepage concentrations of ammonia. Despite certain simplifications caused by the focus only on ammonia nitrogen, the model shows very favourable results. The hydraulic model’s goodness of fit (between observed vs. measured values of water content) is R2 = 0.88 for sand, 0.76 for loam, 0.72 for sandy-loam with vegetation on surface and 0.74 for sandy-loam without vegetation. The calibrated hydraulic model for solute transport (between observed vs. measured values of NH4+-N concentration) showed the value of R2 = 0.89 for sand, 0.95 for loam, 0.95 for sandy-loam with vegetation on surface and 0.92 for sandy-loam without vegetation. The model provides significant information on the dependence of decrease of ammonia pollution by the depth. Inflow concentration of ammonia on surface 17 ± 1 mg/l is reduced to the value of 2.0 mg/l at a depth of 110 cm. It is crucial for real application to maintain the hydraulic criteria - the field capacity should not be exceeded in praxis. The value of field capacity was deliberately slightly exceeded because of understanding of the situation: how the pollution proceeds below if this rule is not followed. As a result, if wastewater is applied, the groundwater level should not be at a depth of less than 1.5 m.

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Krofta, Milos, Banda Herath, David Burgess, and Larry Lampman. "An attempt to understand dissolved air flotation using multivariate data analysis." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 3-4 (February 1, 1995): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0529.

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In order to optimize the dissolved air flotation (DAF) process, a mathematical relationship should be established between the operating variables and the quality of the effluent water. In this study, operating parameters, including influent wastewater characteristics, were related to suspended solid (SS), COD, BOD5 and turbidity of the effluent via an empirical mathematical model. The data presented in this study were obtained from a pilot plant DAF study carried out on municipal wastewater at Lee, Massachusetts to determine the operating conditions for the wastewater clarification. Response surface methodology was used to determine optimal conditions and to study the variations of flotation behaviour with varying operating conditions. The multivariate technique used in this study is an extremely valuable tool to analyze data obtained from actual wastewater treatment processes where the characteristics of the wastewater are constantly changing. Without such a tool it may not be possible to draw valid conclusions. In addition, this technique requires comparatively fewer experiments when compared to traditional methods. Addition of more flocculant and recycle water over what is required actually decreases the effluent water quality. Tests carried out with the same DAF unit at Little Rock, Arkansas and Birmingham, Alabama have confirmed the accuracy of the predictions from the model.

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Szeląg, Bartosz, Krzysztof Barbusiński, Jan Studziński, and Lidia Bartkiewicz. "Prediction of wastewater quality indicators at the inflow to the wastewater treatment plant using data mining methods." E3S Web of Conferences 22 (2017): 00174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20172200174.

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Kantor, Rose S., Hannah D. Greenwald, Lauren C. Kennedy, Adrian Hinkle, Sasha Harris-Lovett, Matthew Metzger, Melissa M. Thornton, Justin M. Paluba, and Kara L. Nelson. "Operationalizing a routine wastewater monitoring laboratory for SARS-CoV-2." PLOS Water 1, no. 2 (February 15, 2022): e0000007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pwat.0000007.

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Wastewater-based testing for SARS-CoV-2 is a novel tool for public health monitoring, but additional laboratory capacity is needed to provide routine monitoring at all locations where it has the potential to be useful. Few standardization practices for SARS-CoV-2 wastewater analysis currently exist, and quality assurance/quality control procedures may vary across laboratories. Alongside counterparts at many academic institutions, we built out a laboratory for routine monitoring of wastewater at the University of California, Berkeley. Here, we detail our group’s establishment of a wastewater testing laboratory including standard operating procedures, laboratory buildout and workflow, and a quality assurance plan. We present a complete data analysis pipeline and quality scoring framework and discuss the data reporting process. We hope that this information will aid others at research institutions, public health departments, and wastewater agencies in developing programs to support wastewater monitoring for public health decision-making.

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Drolc, A., and J. Zagorc Končan. "Calibration of QUAL2E Model for the Sava River (Slovenia)." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 10 (November 1, 1999): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0509.

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The use of mathematical models is a good decision making tool in river basin management for selection of wastewater treatment technologies and for estimation of the impact of discharged wastewater on the quality of receiving streams. In rivers mostly polluted with degradable organic matter, the major effect of wastewater discharge results in a substantial decrease of dissolved oxygen. The model QUAL2E developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency was applied to wastewater impact assessment in the Sava river (Slovenia). We present the procedures for the determination of input data for the QUAL2E model. The sediment oxygen demand rate constant was determined experimentally in situ using an specially designed device; the degradation rate constant was determined in a river laboratory model; hydrological characteristics were evaluated on the basis of empirical coefficients; while the reaeration rate constant was calculated on the basis of an energy dissipation model. The mathematical water quality model QUAL2E was calibrated on the basis of field and laboratory measurements and validated with an independent set of data for critical summer low flow conditions when the dissolved oxygen concentrations are low. A sensitivity analysis of the model was also performed. The validated model was then used to estimate the impact of municipal and industrial wastewater discharges on dissolved oxygen concentrations in the Sava river near Ljubljana. The model was used to simulate various conditions in the river and various degrees of treatment of discharged wastewaters. It is estimated according to the model predictions that at critical summer low flow conditions, wastewater should be treated to reach a BOD under 30 mg l−1 with the goal that Slovenian water quality standards are not violated, meaning a dissolved oxygen concentration above 5 mg l−1.

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Spindler, A., and P. A. Vanrolleghem. "Dynamic mass balancing for wastewater treatment data quality control using CUSUM charts." Water Science and Technology 65, no. 12 (June 1, 2012): 2148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.125.

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Mass balancing is a widely used tool for data quality control in wastewater treatment. It can effectively detect systematic errors in data. To overcome the limitations of the mean balancing error as a measure of data quality, a well established method for statistical process control (the CUSUM chart) is adopted for application on the error vector of balancing data. Two examples show how time periods with stable low mass balancing errors can be detected by the method. The detectability of such time periods depends on the variability of the balancing error which is an important measure for the precision of the data.

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Nickel, Jan Philip, Frank Sacher, and Stephan Fuchs. "Up-to-date monitoring data of wastewater and stormwater quality in Germany." Water Research 202 (September 2021): 117452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117452.

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Alferes, Janelcy, Anders Lynggaard-Jensen, Thomas Munk-Nielsen, Sovanna Tik, Luca Vezzaro, Anitha Kumari Sharma, Peter Steen Mikkelsen, and Peter A. Vanrolleghem. "Validating data quality during wet weather monitoring of wastewater treatment plant influents." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2013, no. 12 (January 1, 2013): 4507–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864713813686060.

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Schilling, Jannik, and Jens Tränckner. "Estimation of Wastewater Discharges by Means of OpenStreetMap Data." Water 12, no. 3 (February 26, 2020): 628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12030628.

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For the optimization of sewer networks and integration of water management in urban planning, estimations of wastewater discharges at a high spatial resolution are a key boundary condition. In many cases, these data are not available or, for reasons of data protection and company secrecy, the data are not accessible for research purposes. Therefore, procedures are needed to determine the volume of wastewater with high spatial resolution, based on freely accessible data. The approach presented here uses mainly OpenStreetMap (OSM) data, combined with a dataset of the German official topographic–cartographic Information System (ATKIS), to estimate the volume of wastewater on a building level. By comparison with daily values of the dry weather inflow at pumping stations and sewage treatment plants, it is shown that the method can generate realistic results, if target inflows exceed 50 m³/d. Difficulties due to the effect of commuting and the individual use of the buildings have to be considered, as well as data-quality issues in the OSM dataset. As an application example, the generated wastewater discharges are spatially joined with land-use plans. The resulting wastewater yield factors serve as input data for decision-support tools in urban water planning or modeling tasks.

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VORONOV, Andrey A., Elena S. MALYSHKINA, Elena I. VIALKOVA, and Svetlana V. MAKSIMOVA. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE RATIONAL URBAN ENGINEERING SYSTEMS FOR THE SURFACE WASTEWATER TREATMENT." Urban construction and architecture 8, no. 3 (September 15, 2018): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2018.03.10.

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The results of studies and seasonal observations of the surface wastewater quality that generated in the territory of a modern large city are presented. The dependence of the surface runoff quality on the year season and the kind of urban development is shown. The eff ect of anti-ice reagents on the meltwater quality is noted. The article suggests a new approach to the making of a technological scheme for surface wastewater treatment. Based on the obtained data, a technological block-scheme of a local Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) intending for surface wastewater treatment and operating in an automatic mode is proposed. The proposed technological solution takes into account seasonal changes in the surface wastewater quality in urbanized areas.

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Butler, David, Eran Friedler, and Kevin Gatt. "Characterising the quantity and quality of domestic wastewater inflows." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 7 (April 1, 1995): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0190.

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A major source of inflow into sewer networks derives from domestic (sanitary) wastewater. The wastewater is made up of contributions from the various household appliances, influencing both flow quantity and quality. The results from two appliance usage surveys are presented to give detailed insight into the sub-daily variations of flow (quantity) and the relative importance of each appliance throughout the day. The most significant wastewater generating appliance is shown to be the WC, with the least contribution coming from the wash-basin. To establish at-source quality and its variation, limited published information was analysed in conjunction with the survey data. The contribution of each appliance to a wastewater pollutant concentration is a combination of both the appliance flow rate and pollutant load, the proportions of which vary throughout the day. Pollutagraphs were produced for BOD, ortho-phosphate, ammonia and nitrate. The WC was found to be a major contributor to all four pollutants and in particular to ammonia. The washing machine was a significant contributor to ortho-phosphate and nitrate and the wash-basin to ortho-phosphate. Inflow pollutant concentrations were of comparable magnitude to published treatment plant data, although BOD values were found to be higher than expected.

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Barsan, Narcis, Dana Chitimus, Florin Marian Nedeff, Ion Sandu, Mirela Panainte Lehadus, Andrei Victor Sandu, and Oana Irimia Tartoaca. "Experimental Application of a Laboratory SBR Plant Used for Domestic Wastewater Treatment." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 11 (December 15, 2019): 4098–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.11.7710.

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This paper presents a research regarding the possibility of small an SBR plant utilization in real condition of low flow wastewater. Were used domestic wastewater and the experimental period of 60 days was divided in three period. Seven chemical and physical wastewater quality parameters were evaluated during each working period of the installation and we also tried to highlight some correlations between the specific time cycle for an SBR and the reduction of wastewater quality parameters. The data obtained reveal that the low SBR plant efficiency is influenced by the input flow and their characteristics. Were obtain in some cases more that 60 % reduction for three wastewater quality parameters.

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Seshan, Siddharth, Dirk Vries, Maarten van Duren, Alex van der Helm, and Johann Poinapen. "AI-based validation of wastewater treatment plant sensor data using an open data exchange architecture." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1136, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1136/1/012055.

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Abstract Typically, within the context of treatment plant-wide data, the quality of data can be impacted by sensor faults, sensor calibration issues, fouling of and obstruction to the sensors and connectivity problems between sensors, actuators and the data management system, therefore hampering advanced data driven monitoring and control of (critical) water operations. Here, a smart data validation scheme is proposed that validates sensor data from a wastewater treatment plant and is tightly integrated with the open-source data exchange system called FIWARE, an EU supported framework. The data validation application and FIWARE setup are integrated, tested and deployed at the water utility, Waternet. The validation scheme is based on an anomaly detector using (statistical) threshold techniques and a data reconciliation part that aggregates deep learning based autoencoder model predictions whenever an anomaly is detected. The autoencoder models proved to have a high accuracy and good reconciliation performance considering the variability of the signal. Furthermore, (near) real-time validated and raw data signals are relayed towards a dashboard. Finally, the validated data can be used as a screening for data ingested by another AI-based model that enables monitoring and smart control of the wastewater treatment plant in order to minimise greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption while meeting effluent water quality standards.

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Van Vooren, L., P. Willems, J. P. Ottoy, G. C. Vansteenkiste, and W. Verstraete. "Automatic buffer capacity based sensor for effluent quality monitoring." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0008.

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The use of an automatic on-line titration unit for monitoring the effluent quality of wastewater plants is presented. Buffer capacity curves of different effluent types were studied and validation results are presented for both domestic and industrial full-scale wastewater treatment plants. Ammonium and ortho-phosphate monitoring of the effluent were established by using a simple titration device, connected to a data-interpretation unit. The use of this sensor as the activator of an effluent quality proportional sampler is discussed.

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Sefa, Stela, Tania Floqi, and Julian Sefa. "Data on Biogas Production Quality: Evidence from the Wastewater Treatment Plant of Durrës." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 6, no. 4 (June 12, 2021): 85–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2021.6.4.2474.

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The wastewater treatment plant (WWTPD) located in Durrës, responsible for a treatment area of 205,000 inhabitants, employs the tertiary advanced wasterwater treatment to generate biogas from activated sludge for self use. The biogas collected from the anaerobic digestion tank feed the boiler and the co-generation unit which is then transformed to power its own energy grid. In order to evaluate the quality of biogas produced by anaerobic digestion of WWTPD’s sludge, is measured the percentage of CH4 and CO2 from the biogas production during a three years period (2016 – 2018). From the performed analyses has resulted a percentage of CH4 up to 75% and 25% CO2 in 2016. While the lowest percentage of CH4 in 2018 with respectively 70% CH4 and 30% CO2. Based on the value measurements, qualitative results of biogas parameters show that physicochemical and biochemical processes are performed under strict conditions and anaerobic digestion is performed according to standards.

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Sefa, Stela, Tania Floqi, and Julian Sefa. "Data on Biogas Production Quality: Evidence from the Wastewater Treatment Plant of Durrës." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 6, no. 4 (June 12, 2021): 85–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2021.6.4.2474.

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The wastewater treatment plant (WWTPD) located in Durrës, responsible for a treatment area of 205,000 inhabitants, employs the tertiary advanced wasterwater treatment to generate biogas from activated sludge for self use. The biogas collected from the anaerobic digestion tank feed the boiler and the co-generation unit which is then transformed to power its own energy grid. In order to evaluate the quality of biogas produced by anaerobic digestion of WWTPD’s sludge, is measured the percentage of CH4 and CO2 from the biogas production during a three years period (2016 – 2018). From the performed analyses has resulted a percentage of CH4 up to 75% and 25% CO2 in 2016. While the lowest percentage of CH4 in 2018 with respectively 70% CH4 and 30% CO2. Based on the value measurements, qualitative results of biogas parameters show that physicochemical and biochemical processes are performed under strict conditions and anaerobic digestion is performed according to standards.

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Su, Jung-Jeng, Shih-Torng Ding, and Hsin-Cheng Chung. "Establishing a Smart Farm-Scale Piggery Wastewater Treatment System with the Internet of Things (IoT) Applications." Water 12, no. 6 (June 9, 2020): 1654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061654.

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The conventional piggery wastewater treatment system is mainly a manual operation system which may be well managed by experienced technicians. However, the pig farmers must simultaneously manage their pig production as well as their on-farm wastewater treatment facility. For this study, Internet of Things (IoT) applications were introduced on a 1000-pig farm to establish a smart piggery wastewater treatment system, which was upgraded from a self-developed fully automatic wastewater treatment system. Results showed that the removal efficiency of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and suspended solids (SS) of the piggery wastewater based on the sensor data before and after water quality sensor calibration were 89%, 94%, and 93%, and 94%, 86%, and 96%, respectively. Moreover, the removal efficiency of BOD, COD, and SS of the piggery wastewater based on the analytical chemical data before and after water quality sensor calibration were 93%, 89%, and 97%, and 94%, 86%, and 96%, respectively. Experimental results showed that overall removal efficiency of BOD, COD, and SS of the piggery wastewater after water quality sensor calibration were 94%, 86–87%, and 96%, respectively. Results revealed that the farm-scale smart piggery wastewater treatment system was feasible to be applied and extended to more commercial pig farms for establishing sustainable pig farming.

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Koppelaar, Rembrandt H. E. M., May N. Sule, Zoltán Kis, Foster K. Mensah, Xiaonan Wang, Charalampos Triantafyllidis, Koen H. van Dam, and Nilay Shah. "Framework for WASH Sector Data Improvements in Data-Poor Environments, Applied to Accra, Ghana." Water 10, no. 9 (September 18, 2018): 1278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10091278.

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Improvements in water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) service provision are hampered by limited open data availability. This paper presents a data integration framework, collects the data and develops a material flow model, which aids data-based policy and infrastructure development for the WASH sector. This model provides a robust quantitative mapping of the complete anthropogenic WASH flow-cycle: from raw water intake to water use, wastewater and excreta generation, discharge and treatment. This approach integrates various available sources using a process-chain bottom-up engineering approach to improve the quality of WASH planning. The data integration framework and the modelling methodology are applied to the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA), Ghana. The highest level of understanding of the GAMA WASH sector is achieved, promoting scenario testing for future WASH developments. The results show 96% of the population had access to improved safe water in 2010 if sachet and bottled water was included, but only 67% if excluded. Additionally, 66% of 338,000 m3 per day of generated wastewater is unsafely disposed locally, with 23% entering open drains, and 11% sewage pipes, indicating poor sanitation coverage. Total treated wastewater is <0.5% in 2014, with only 18% of 43,000 m3 per day treatment capacity operational. The combined data sets are made available to support research and sustainable development activities.

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Pirvu, Florinela, Liliana Cruceru, Marcela Niculescu, Jana Petre, Vasile Ion Iancu, Luoana Florentina Pascu, and Toma Galaon. "New tools for assessment of wastewater quality. Case study, one rural region from Romania." SIMI 2019, SIMI 2019 (September 20, 2019): 302–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21698/simi.2019.fp38.

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Global population growth is associated with an increase in the amount of water used. A consequence of this increase is the high amount of wastewater volume resulted, which can affect ecosystems balance. For this reason, the authorities are forced to account and improve wastewater treatment processes to minimize environmental impact. The physical-chemical properties of the effluent are unique and depend on the origin of the leakage, the sewer system infrastructure, the level of development of the area, the climatic conditions, and hence the wastewater stream has a unique composition of organic and inorganic loads. For a quick and easy understanding of wastewater quality, two types of water quality indices were developed. This study presents the results of a complex analytical investigation of effluents discharged from six rural WWTP’s situated in southern part of Romania compared with a simplified interpretation of wastewater quality by using a pollution index (PI) and a wastewater quality index (WWQI). Data recorded with a monthly frequency between 2013 and 2017 were used. Regarding the WWQI values calculated in this study, all wastewater analysed from the six WWTP’s, fit to the ‘Marginal’ Designation.

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Fu, Guangtao, and David Butler. "Frequency analysis of river water quality using integrated urban wastewater models." Water Science and Technology 65, no. 12 (June 1, 2012): 2112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.127.

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In recent years integrated models have been developed to simulate the entire urban wastewater system, including urban drainage systems, wastewater treatment plants, and receiving waterbodies. This paper uses such an integrated urban wastewater model to analyze the frequency of receiving water quality in an urban wastewater system with the aim of assessing the overall system performance during rainfall events. The receiving water quality is represented by two indicators: event mean dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and event mean ammonium concentration. The compliance probability of the water quality indicators satisfying a specific threshold is used to represent the system performance, and is derived using the rainfall events from a series of 10 years' rainfall data. A strong correlation between the depth of each rainfall event and the associated volume of combined sewer overflow (CSO) discharges is revealed for the case study catchment, while there is a low correlation between the intensity/duration of the rainfall event and the volume of the CSO discharges. The frequency analysis results obtained suggest that the event mean DO and ammonium concentrations have very different characteristics in terms of compliance probabilities at two discharging points for CSO and wastewater treatment plant effluent, respectively. In general, the simulation results provide an understanding of the performance of the integrated urban wastewater system and can provide useful information to support water quality management.

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Baghapour, Mohammad Ali, Mohammad Reza Shooshtarian, and Babak Djahed. "A survey of attitudes and acceptance of wastewater reuse in Iran: Shiraz City as a case study." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 7, no. 4 (December 9, 2016): 511–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2016.117.

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People's attitudes are a key issue in the use of reclaimed wastewater. Unfortunately, there is not enough research on the use of reclaimed wastewater in developing countries such as Iran. The present study aimed to investigate public acceptance and citizens' attitudes toward reclaimed wastewater in Shiraz, Iran. A two-part questionnaire, designed to collect demographic data and information about people's willingness to reuse wastewater, was distributed among 562 citizens of Shiraz. The results showed that most respondents knew nothing about the chemical quality (67.4%) or microbiological quality (81.5%) of the wastewater treatment plant effluent. The maximum acceptance of treated wastewater use was related to public consumption (87%), car washing (85%) and flush tank (80%), respectively. The minimum acceptance was related to cooking and drinking (8%). Also, a significant correlation was observed between citizens' willingness to use reclaimed wastewater and variables such as level of education, gender, awareness of wastewater treatment process and awareness of quality of reclaimed wastewater. Shiraz citizens, like other people in the world, were less willing to use reclaimed wastewater for cooking, drinking, laundry and bathing, but their willingness was obviously greater in applications with less skin contact.

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Musawantoro, Muhammad, and Mustifa Shafany. "Analisis Air Limbah Pada Dapur Praktek di Politeknik Pariwisata Makassar." LaGeografia 18, no. 1 (October 31, 2019): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.35580/lageografia.v18i1.11131.

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The importance of research is to provide a description of wastewater content in Makassar polytechnics in the kitchen, through experimental research methods, by taking wastewater samples from practical kitchens, laboratory test results provide results data obtained from chemical Oxygen Demand supply, wastewater discharged directly into sewers Will not meet the requirements for wastewater quality standards. The wastewater treatment model in polytechnics is still not feasible and is not environmentally friendly, steps need to be taken to make wastewater installations.

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Nicolaou, Panicos, Deborah L. Thurston, and James V. Carnahan. "Machining Quality and Cost: Estimation and Tradeoffs." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 124, no. 4 (October 23, 2002): 840–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1511169.

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Simultaneous improvement of machining cost, quality and environmental impact is sometimes possible, but after the Pareto optimal frontier has been reached, decisions must be made regarding unavoidable tradeoffs. This paper presents a method for formulating a mathematical model for first estimating quality, cost and cutting fluid wastewater treatment impacts of two machining operations (end milling and drilling), and then for tradeoff decision making. The milling quality estimation model is developed through virtual experimentation on a simulation model, while the drilling quality estimation model is developed through physical experimentation. Cost is estimated through an activity based costing approach. Cutting fluid wastewater treatment impacts (BOD and TSS) are estimated through stoichiometric analysis of cutting fluids. Input decision variables include material choice, design, manufacturing and limited lubrication parameters. The contribution of this paper is the integration of activity based cost estimation, machining quality estimation via statistical analysis of data from virtual and physical experiments, cutting fluid wastewater treatment impact estimation and formal decision theory. A case study of an automotive steering knuckle is presented, where decision variables include material choice (cast iron versus aluminum), feed rate, cutting speed and wet versus dry machining.

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Pesic, Vesna, Milena Becelic-Tomin, Djurdja Kerkez, Bozo Dalmacija, Dejan Krcmar, Snezana Maletic, and Natasa Varga. "Identification of significant pressures and assessment of wastewater discharge on Krivaja River water quality." Chemical Industry 71, no. 5 (2017): 407–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind160603002p.

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One of the key stages of the process of preparing management plans for the river basin is the analysis of pressures and impacts, as well as the risk assessment of failing to achieve the environmental objectives. DPSIR framework (Driving Forces-Pressure-State-Impact-Response) was developed by the European Agency for the environmental protection, and makes the conceptual basis for the pressures and impacts analysis, taking into account the complexity of the interactions in the environment and represents the tool for their analysis. Impact assessment of the water body requires some quantitative information to describe the condition of the water body and/or the pressures that act on it. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of wastewater discharge on Krivaja watercourse. Impact assessment is carried out based on data of polluters? wastewater and monitoring information for water in Krivaja. For each site at which sampling was performed, the specific risk quotients for surface water were calculated, as the ratio of the each pollutant concentration in surface water at the sampling point and environmental quality standards for pollutants, as well as their sum that represents the risk index. In order to have the integrated perceive of processes in the Krivaja River, taking into account cumulative effects from point sources, the concept of total maximum daily load was applied, using which the pollution amount, that can be discharged daily in a water body without degrading his prescribed/required quality, was calculated. Comparison of emitted loads from pollution point sources with maximum allowable ones was performed. Wastewaters of different polluters located on Krivaja are, due to insufficient treatment, very loaded with organic matter and nutrients. Krivaja receives daily 1332 m3 of wastewater, 999 kg COD, 722 kg BOD, 144 kg of nitrogen, 4.3 kg of phosphorus and 627 kg of suspended solids. Of the total wastewater volume, the majority (69%) originates from municipal wastewater, 81% of the total amount of organic matter comes from the industry, while nutrients mostly originate from municipal wastewater. Loading of Krivaja with wastewater is major, uneven and unbalanced. Water quality of Krivaja is unsatisfactory. According to national legislation there is the exceedance of maximum permissible values for Class II for watercourse (good status) for most parameters, in all sampling locations and in both sampling periods. Parameters that exceeded the value for the Class II are dissolved oxygen, organic matter content, suspended solids, nutrients. Water flow in the river is not sufficient to receive the total amount of the pollutant load from point sources. Risk assessment, based on the monitoring results, indicates that the river Krivaja is possibly at risk of failing to meet the required water quality because the most of the values exceeded the limit values.

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Maddah, Hisham A. "Predicting Optimum Dilution Factors for BOD Sampling and Desired Dissolved Oxygen for Controlling Organic Contamination in Various Wastewaters." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2022 (February 21, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8637064.

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High biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) concentrations in water minimize oxygen availability, damage ecosystem biodiversity, impair water quality, and spoil freshwater. The increased level of BOD is an indication of severe organic pollution of freshwater. Thus, this study aims to establish empirical correlations between the 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and organic decomposition time to control organic pollution in various wastewater effluents. Ultimate biochemical oxygen demand (UBOD) and minimum and average BODt data sets along with their reaction rates were collected from earlier sampling analyses in the plants used for industrial, domestic (sanitary), and storm (surface) wastewater treatment. Average BOD5/COD ratios were then utilized to calculate existing 5-day dissolved oxygen (DO5) concentration for the estimation of experimental dilution factors (dfs) as a good start in sampling analysis to reach an optimum DO5 concentration. Moreover, the relationships between average BOD5 vs. COD, and BOD5 vs. DO5, were obtained based on the literature with 60–70% oxygen consumption rates required for organic decomposition. Results showed that such BOD5 relationships with time (power equations) or with COD (linear correlations) are helpful for wastewater engineers to generate valuable and accurate results for quality control, without the need to conduct laboratory experiments. The proposed regression equations would facilitate effluent quality assessment, allowing selection of optimal processes to control microbiological contamination or organic constituents in wastewaters.

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Gaya, Muhammad Sani, Norhaliza Abdul Wahab, Yahya M. Sam, and Sharatul Izah Samsuddin. "ANFIS Based Effluent pH Quality Prediction Model for an Activated Sludge Process." Advanced Materials Research 845 (December 2013): 538–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.845.538.

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Activated sludge process is the most efficient technique used for municipal wastewater treatment plants. However, a pH value outside the limit of 6-9 could inhibit the activities of microorganisms responsible for treating the wastewater, and low pH value may cause damage to the treatment system. Therefore, prediction of pH value is essential for smooth and trouble-free operation of the process. This paper presents an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model for effluent pH quality prediction in the process. For comparison, artificial neural network is used. The model validation is achieved through use of full-scale data from the domestic wastewater treatment plant in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Simulation results indicate that the ANFIS model predictions were highly accurate having the root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.18250, mean absolute percentage deviation (MAPD) of 9.482% and the correlation coefficient (R) of 0.72706. The proposed model is efficient and valuable tool for the activated sludge wastewater treatment process.

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Sulthana, Ayesha, K. C. Latha, Ramya Rathan, R. Sridhar, and S. Balasubramanian. "Factor analysis and discriminant analysis of wastewater quality in Vidyaranyapuram sewage treatment plant, Mysore, India: a case study." Water Science and Technology 69, no. 4 (December 11, 2013): 810–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.782.

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Wastewater treatment plant monitoring is an essential part of effective wastewater management. The analysis of eight physico-chemical parameters of untreated wastewater was carried out at Vidyaranyapuram sewage treatment plant, Mysore, India. Factor analysis (FA) was applied to the untreated wastewater data matrix, and pollution was found to be the most contributing factor, explaining 22.31% of the total variance (chloride, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand and total dissolved solids). The second most contributing factor was found to be nitrification which explained 21.11% of the total variance (pH and nitrate), whereas the salinization factor contributed 16.98% of the total variance (total solids and total suspended solids). FA regression scores could not satisfactorily classify the data matrix with respect to the seasonal variations. Discriminant analysis (DA) was used to find the seasonal variations in the data matrix, and the standard mode DA explained 66.6% of total variance by grouping the cases with respect to seasons.

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Ahnert, Markus, Conrad Marx, Peter Krebs, and Volker Kuehn. "A black-box model for generation of site-specific WWTP influent quality data based on plant routine data." Water Science and Technology 74, no. 12 (October 11, 2016): 2978–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.463.

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This paper presents a simple method for the generation of continuous influent quality datasets for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) that is based on incomplete available routine data, only, without referring to any further measurement. In the approach, Weibull-distributed random data are fitted to the available routine data, such that the resulting distribution of influent quality data shows the identical statistical characteristics. Beside the description of the method, this paper contains a comprehensive analysis of robustness and universality of the approach. It is shown that incomplete datasets with only 10% remaining influent quality data can be filled with this method with nearly the same statistical parameters as the original data. In addition, the use with datasets of different WWTP plants sizes results always in a good agreement between original and filled datasets.

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Gogina, Elena. "Study of Sequencing Batch Reactor operation with an inflow of wastewater with low concentration of organic contaminations." E3S Web of Conferences 180 (2020): 04016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018004016.

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The paper is devoted to the study of small wastewatertreatment plants, in particular the study of wastewater treatment processes with the wastewater with low concentration of organic contaminations entering treatment plants. The primary goal of the study is to select the reactor operation mode to ensure the deep biological treatment quality of treated wastewater. The three-step experiment has been conducted in a licensed laboratory using high quality equipment. The results of the experiment and the analysis of the data obtained are presented.

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Bourgeois, W., and R. M. Stuetz. "Measuring wastewater quality using a sensor array: prospects for real-time monitoring." Water Science and Technology 41, no. 12 (June 1, 2000): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0250.

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The application of using a chemical sensor array to analyse the headspace gas generated from a sparged sample was evaluated. Wastewater samples were sparged with N2 gas in a temperature controlled flow-cell, the headspace gas was then supplied (using a temperature controlled transfer line) to the sensor array for analysis by 12 polypyrrole sensors. Multivariate analysis of the sensor array data (using principal component and multiple discriminant analysis) showed that the different sample types (RO water, raw sewage and final effluent) were separated into distinct clusters. These results demonstrate that the sensor array analysis of an externally generated headspace gas can be used to monitor for changes in wastewater quality and could provide a simple non-invasive technique for real-time wastewater monitoring.

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Sutherland-Stacey, L., R. Dexter, B. McWilliams, and K. Watson. "Real-time in-situ measurement of haemoglobin in wastewater." Water Science and Technology 60, no. 7 (October 1, 2009): 1683–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.572.

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The meat processing industry generates large volumes of relatively high load wastewater. In New Zealand and Australia this wastewater is often pre-treated on site and then discharged to environmental waters or municipal sewers. Owing to the limited number of water quality parameters which can be measured in real-time it is often difficult for industry to optimise treatment processes or public bodies to monitor for water-quality compliance. Abattoir wastewater is often observed to be red in colour, owing to the presence of haemoglobin. Measurement of visible light absorption spectra of wastewater grab samples has for some time provided information about blood concentration. However such grab sampling techniques are piecemeal and cannot provide instantaneous time resolved signals which are required for process control or comprehensive monitoring. In this work an in-situ UV/VIS spectrometer is used to continuously determine the concentration of haemoglobin in wastewater arriving for treatment at two different Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs). The data is of high temporal resolution- data recorded at the distant WWTPs allows for identification process events, such as the end of shift wash downs.

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Karpiscak, Martin M., Charles P. Gerba, Pamela M. Watt, Kennith E. Foster, and Jeanne A. Falabi. "Multi-species plant systems for wastewater quality improvements and habitat enhancement." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 10-11 (May 1, 1996): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0679.

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The use of macrophytic plants for the treatment of municipal wastewater is growing rapidly. The Constructed Ecosystems Research Facility (CERF) is a joint project of the Pima County Wastewater Management Department and The University of Arizona's Office of Arid Lands Studies. The facility consists of five 30-mil-hyperlon-lined raceways measuring 61 m long, 8.2 m wide, and 1.4 m deep and one slightly larger raceway. Research has been and is being conducted with aquatic plants such as water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), duckweed (Lemna spp.), giant reed (Arundo donax), bulrush (Scirpus olneyi), black willow (Salix nigra), and cottonwood (Populus fremontii). Composite water samplers are used to collect refrigerated samples from incoming secondary wastewater from Pima County's Sewage Treatment Facility and from the effluent leaving each raceway. Water samples have been analyzed for parameters such as pH, BOD5, and total nitrogen. Microbiological studies have concentrated on the removal of indicator coliform bacteria, as well as Giardia, Cryptosporidium and viruses from the wastewater. Data from the water quality studies indicate that these constructed ecosystems reduce BOD5 consistently to below the 10 mg/L BOD5 tertiary standard, remove nitrogen as well as decrease the concentration of pathogens significantly.

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Nandiasa, Jantiara Eka, and Ridi Nurardiansyah. "Study of Industrial Black Water Treatment Plant Installation Planning System Based on Sewage Treatment Plant." Journal of World Conference (JWC) 2, no. 3 (March 31, 2020): 128–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.29138/prd.v2i3.232.

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Wastewater in general is water, in general, is a liquid that comes from households, industries, or other public places that usually contain materials or substances that can endanger human life and disturb the environment. Quid comes from households, industries, or other public places that usually contain materials or substances that can endanger human life and disturb the environment. This study to plan, analyze, and assess the performance conditions of wastewater treatment plants (IPAL) at PT XYZ Bekasi Regency on environmental quality standards. Data and information used are data on the amount of wastewater, sources of wastewater, and behavior of water use as well as secondary data in the form of data that the authors surveyed directly at the research location. The processing method of the output value of WWTP uses the research method of the laboratories from the research method in which the output value exceeds the quality standard of LHK Regulation No. 68 the Year 2016 and has exceeded its planning capacity. And what is identified is not safe. An alternative solution to the problem of unsafe output values is by planning a new wastewater treatment plant.

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Desi Wulansari, Putri. "Pengelolaan Limbah pada Pabrik Pengolahan Ikan di PT. Kelola Mina Laut Gresik [Waste Treatment at Fish Processing Company in Kelola Mina Laut Incorporated Gresik East Java Province]." Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan 3, no. 1 (January 25, 2019): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v3i1.11635.

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AbstractIndustrial waste comes from the end of product process as a solid or liquid waste. Avoiding the negative effects of industrial waste, each industry must complete their company with wastewater treatment plant. This Field Job Practice was done at Kelola Mina Laut, Inc., located in Randu Agung Village, Kebomas District, Gresik th thResidence, East Java Province on August 4 – September 13 as a mean to observe, learn and to know Kelola Mina Laut, Inc. wastewater treatment method. Work method which used in Field Job Practice was descriptive method with data collection technique, active participation, interview and literature study. The wastewater treatment plant of Kelola Mina Laut, Inc. consists of one collector batch unit, two aeration batch units, one sedimentation batch unit, and one contol batch unit. Before loosing the effluent to the water stream, wastewater passes through the control batch to know about the wastewater quality. After passing through the treatments, wastewater that loosing upon the environment will have a good quality and appropriate with Environment Quality Standard.

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Shahalam, Abul. "Wastewater Effluent vs. Safety In Its Reuse: State-of-the-Art." Journal of the IEST 32, no. 5 (September 1, 1989): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.1.32.5.emq35781761m2658.

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A state-of-the-art review of the human health risks associated with the reuse of wastewater effluent is presented. The subject is of much concern as the need for wastewater becomes more critical in the wake of worldwide shortages of good quality water. The subject of wastewater reuse has been a controversial subject during the last few decades due to the fear of harmful effects on human health and the environment. But recent technology relating to wastewater treatment methods has changed the outlook significantly. The article offers a broad review of the available data on wastewater treatment performance particularly relating to the removal of pathogenic agents. The areas specifically covered are: wastewater quality from various wastewater systems with respect to pathogens; available conventional and nonconventional wastewater treatment technologies; available laboratory methodologies for enumerating the pathogenic state of wastewater and their reliabilities; various methodologies of preuse disinfection of wastewater and their feasibility for practical use; and the pathogen survival rates in liquid water and various other media. The human health risks associated with wastewater reuse in agriculture are assessed at the present level of understanding and are discussed in detail. Areas that need further investigations are delineated.

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Wati, Satiya, Bret S. Robinson, John Mieog, Judy Blackbeard, and Alexandra R. Keegan. "Chlorine inactivation of coxsackievirus B5 in recycled water destined for non-potable reuse." Journal of Water and Health 17, no. 1 (September 25, 2018): 124–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2018.393.

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Abstract Currently guidelines for disinfection of water with free chlorine, while primarily developed for potable water, are often used for virus disinfection of nitrified recycled water of >1 NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Unit). More information is needed on the disinfection efficacy of free chlorine for viruses in waters of varying turbidity and pH due to significant reuse of treated wastewater of varying quality. In this study, disinfection efficacy in nitrified/denitrified activated sludge treated wastewater was investigated for coxsackievirus B5 (CB5), an enterovirus known to be highly resistant to free chlorine. The required chlorine contact times (CT) values (mg.min/L) for inactivation of CB5 were established in treated wastewater at 10 °C and of varying turbidity (0.2, 2, 5 and 20 NTU) and pH (7, 8 and 9). CTs were calculated to achieve 1 to 4 log10 inactivation. Robust data is presented in support of the chlorine CT values required to inactivate a chlorine-resistant virus in a range of turbidities and pHs in treated wastewaters. The testing method used a conservative approach and the data presented have been used to develop the free chlorine virus inactivation guildelines for recycled water in Victoria and South Australia, Australia.

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Rieger, Leiv, Imre Takács, Kris Villez, Hansruedi Siegrist, Paul Lessard, Peter A. Vanrolleghem, and Yves Comeau. "Data Reconciliation for Wastewater Treatment Plant Simulation Studies-Planning for High-Quality Data and Typical Sources of Errors." Water Environment Research 82, no. 5 (May 2010): 426–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143009x12529484815511.

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Ly, Quang Viet, Viet Hung Truong, Bingxuan Ji, Xuan Cuong Nguyen, Kyung Hwa Cho, Huu Hao Ngo, and Zhenghua Zhang. "Exploring potential machine learning application based on big data for prediction of wastewater quality from different full-scale wastewater treatment plants." Science of The Total Environment 832 (August 2022): 154930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154930.

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Vijay, R., P. J. Khobragade, and R. A. Sohony. "Water quality simulation of sewage impacts on the west coast of Mumbai, India." Water Science and Technology 62, no. 2 (July 1, 2010): 279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.237.

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Most coastal cities use the ocean as a site of waste disposal where pollutant loading degrades the quality of coastal waters. Presently, the west coast of Mumbai receives partially treated effluent from wastewater treatment facilities through ocean outfalls and discharges into creeks as well as wastewater/sewage from various open drains and nallahs which affect the water quality of creek and coastal water. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to simulate and assess the hydrodynamic behaviour and water quality due to impact of sewage and wastewater discharges from the west coast of Mumbai. Hydrodynamics and water quality were simulated based on present conditions and validated by using measured tide, current data and observed DO, BOD and FC. Observed and simulated results indicated non compliance to standards in Malad, Mahim creeks and the impact zones of ocean outfalls. The developed model could be used for generating various conditions of hydrodynamics and water quality considering the improvement in wastewater collection systems, treatment levels and proper disposal for proper planning and management of creeks and coastal environment.

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Eerikäinen, S., H. Haimi, A. Mikola, and R. Vahala. "Data analytics in control and operation of municipal wastewater treatment plants: qualitative analysis of needs and barriers." Water Science and Technology 82, no. 12 (July 6, 2020): 2681–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.311.

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Abstract This study aims to identify barriers and needs for the application of data analytics in municipal wastewater treatment. The study was conducted through a series of interviews with stakeholders involved in instrumentation, control, and automation of wastewater treatment plants. Opportunities and limitations observed by different stakeholders were assessed with a thematic analysis. Thematic analysis enabled a broader consideration of social and organizational aspects related to process control, operation, and maintenance. Identified key barriers for applying data analytics included laborious instrumentation maintenance, unstable control loops, and deficient customization of digital tools for users at wastewater treatment plants. Development needs include easier data processing tools, quality assurance of instrumentation, and controller tuning. Results indicate that the perceived potential of data analytics is highly dependent on the performance of underlying physical and digital systems, as well as the control strategies and operating environment of the plant. Despite the barriers, users and developers see many potential applications for data analytics and expect them to have a central role in the control and operation of wastewater treatment plants in the future.

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Gonçalves, Julio Cesar de Souza Inácio, and Murilo Senhuki Esposto. "Water quality modeling of the São Joaquim stream, Brazil." Ciência e Natura 41 (July 16, 2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x35540.

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Water quality modeling is applied as a supporting tool for water quality management. It is useful in identifying environmental impacts from pollutants discharged into rivers and in predicting self-depuration capacity. This study aimed to simulate the water quality along a stretch in São Joaquim stream basin, in order to identify the main polluting sources in the stream and to propose measures to control pollution. The mathematical model, based on the mass balance in plug flow reactor, was implemented in an electronic spreadsheet. The modeling process involved the following stages: collecting the input data, calibration, sensitivity analysis, uncertainty analysis, and the generation of the scenarios. The calibration of the model has generated r2 above 0.68, and it was the indication that the model can explain most of the variance found in the measured data. The wastewater and the stream flow were considered the most sensitive parameters in the model. The uncertainty analysis has shown the probability of the dissolved-oxygen to be higher than or equal to 2 mg L-1, the minimum value allowed for the class 4, is 5.3 %. The main pollution sources in stream are the discharge of untreated domestic wastewater from São Joaquim City, and the surface runoff from the agricultural area. The study has shown that a wastewater treatment station must installed in the basin, in order to remove at least 93% of the organic matter currently discharged in the stream.

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Oron, Gideon, Lieonid Gillerman, Avraham Lael, Yossi Manor, Erez Braude, and Amos Bick. "Minimizing health risks during secondary effluent application via subsurface drip irrigation." Water Science and Technology 62, no. 10 (November 1, 2010): 2330–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.502.

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Health risks posed on consumers due to the use of agricultural products irrigated with reclaimed wastewater were assessed by numerical simulation. The analysis is based on defining of an Exposure Model (EM) which takes into account several parameters: (i) the quality of the applied wastewater, (ii) the irrigation method, (iii) the elapsed times between irrigation, harvest, and product consumption, and; (iv) the consumers' habits. The exposure model is used for numerical simulation of human consumers' risks by running the Monte Carlo simulation method. Although some deviations in the numerical simulation which are probably due to uncertainty (impreciseness in quality of input data) and variability due to diversity among populations reasonable results were accepted. Accordingly, there is a several orders of magnitude difference in the risk of infection between the different exposure scenarios with the same water quality. The variability indicates the need for setting risk-based criteria for wastewater reclamation, including the application method and environmental conditions, rather than single water quality guidelines. Extra data is required to decrease uncertainty in the risk assessment. Future research needs to include definite acceptable risk criteria, more accurate dose-response modeling, information regarding pathogen survival in treated wastewater, additional data related to the passage of pathogens into and in the plants during irrigation, and information referring to the consuming habits of the human community.

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Harmayani, Kadek Diana. "EVALUASI KINERJA INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH RSD MANGUSADA KABUPATEN BADUNG." Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil 25, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jits.2021.v25.i01.p04.

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The Mangusada Regional General Hospital (RSD) as a provider of health facilities certainly produces liquid waste in every operational activity. Wastewater in the Wastewater Treatment Installation (WWTI) RSD Mangusada contains Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), ammonia, total coliform, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), detergent, oil and fat. This study aims to evaluate the performance of the WWTI as well as to determine the content in the wastewater after being treated by the IPAL RSD Mangusada according to the reference quality standards of the Governor of Bali Regulation No.16/2016 and Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia Number: P.68/Menlhk/Setjen/Kum.1/8/2016. The wastewater treatment system at RSD Mangusada uses a biological system. The data used in the analysis are secondary data, namely the Bed Occupation Rate (BOR) data in June 2020, the total number of beds, the average discharge of outlets in June 2020 and parameters of the quality and quantity of wastewater in the inlet and outlet of WWTI from January 2020 to July 2020. Based on the results of testing the quality and quantity of wastewater at the WWTI of RSD Mangusada outlet, the content of waste water in the outlet of WWTI is in accordance with the regulatory standards for the reference quality standards. In addition, the effectiveness of the efficiency of the WWTI at RSD Mangusada succeeded in reducing the ammonia content of 92.35%, BOD5 64.03%, COD 63.97%, TSS 67.03%, oil and fat 64.64%, total coliform 76.84%. , and detergent at 76.25%. But the efficiency of the WWTI of RSD Mangusada was not good enough in reducing the TDS content of -3.92%.

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Gomes Filho, Raimundo Rodrigues, Simone de Oliveira Feitosa, Clayton Moura de Carvalho, Gregorio Guirado Faccioli, Tatiana Pacheco Nunes, Alceu Pedrotti, Silvaneide Lobo da Silva, Renisson Neponuceno de Araújo Filho, and Manoel Valnir Júnior. "Soil chemical parameters and microbiological quality of biquinho pepper irrigated with treated wastewater in protected environment." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 9, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 174–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol9.iss3.2985.

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The aim of this work was to evaluate the soil chemical parameters and microbiological quality of biquinho pepper fruits irrigated with treated wastewater and different irrigation depths. The experiment was carried out in protected environment with the application of four irrigation depths corresponding to 50, 75, 100 and 125% of the crop evapotranspiration with three concentrations of 0, 50 and 100% of treated wastewater in the cultivation of biquinho pepper in pots. The experimental design was in randomized blocks in a 3 x 4 factorial scheme, totaling 12 treatments, with three replications. The soil chemical parameters were determined before and after the growing the pepper with treated wastewater. Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was estimated by the FAO Penman-Monteith method using data obtained from an Automatic Weather Station installed inside the protected environment. The microbiological quality was analyzed by quantifying fecal coliforms and the presence of Salmonella sp. recommended by Brazilian National Agency for Sanitary Surveillance (ANVISA). All pepper samples were in accordance with the limits recommended by the legislation and, therefore, the use of wastewater in pepper irrigation did not represent a risk to public health. The soil chemical parameters were changed in different ways after the application of the treated wastewater, being motivated by both soil and wastewater chemical characteristics.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Wastewater data quality'

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