Relevant bibliographies by topics / WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS"

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Virkola, Nils-Erik, and Kristiina Honkanen. "Wastewater Characteristics." Water Science and Technology 17, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1985.0001.

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Forceful measures have been taken in the past decade to reduce the pollution loads of pulp and paper mills. Besides more effective external waste water treatment, internal arrangements have been made to reduce pollution loads, e.g. by closing water systems. New processes and technically improved machines and equipment have made it possible to utilize raw materials and chemicals more efficiently. This has also reduced the pollution loads of the mills. In the 1970s, pollution loads were restricted by environmental laws and regulations in many countries, and the restrictions will become tighter during the 1980s. This will require much research and development. In this paper, characteristics of effluents (BOD, suspended solids, colour, TOC, COD, toxicity) discharged from chemical and mechanical pulping processes and from paper and board mills are presented in general terms and by mill department. Process developments and effects of these developments on pollution loads are described and future trends are discussed.
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Muttamara, Samorn. "Wastewater characteristics." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 16, no. 1-4 (April 1996): 145–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-3449(95)00052-6.

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Nashashibi, M., and L. A. van Duijl. "Wastewater characteristics in Palestine." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 11 (December 1, 1995): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0404.

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Wastewater treatment plants in Palestine (West Bank and Gaza Strip) have been designed upon assumptions of wastewater characteristics and amount of flow, because no data were available at all. This study is focused on the collection and measurement of wastewater quantity and quality, which will be used as a basis for formulating a strategic plan for wastewater treatment in Palestine. In view of the limited water resources, reclaimed wastewater will be used for agriculture, which, at present, is done at a very limited scale. The infrastructure in Palestine used to be a neglected issue, particularly with regard to sewerage. Blocked pipes and flooded manholes are daily events especially in Gaza Strip. All existing treatment plants are heavily overloaded. Groundwater resources in Gaza Strip become more and more polluted with nitrate concentrations exceeding 100 mg NO3-N/l resulting from seepage from cesspits and effluent discharges into wadis. Due to scarcity of water, domestic water consumption is very low, which leads to highly concentrated wastewater similar to industrial one. In one city in the West Bank, the COD reached a value of 3,670 mg/l, although all the water reaching the outfall is of domestic type.
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Eriksson, Eva, Karina Auffarth, Mogens Henze, and Anna Ledin. "Characteristics of grey wastewater." Urban Water 4, no. 1 (March 2002): 85–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1462-0758(01)00064-4.

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Alalam, Sabine, Farah Ben-Souilah, Marie-Hélène Lessard, Julien Chamberland, Véronique Perreault, Yves Pouliot, Steve Labrie, and Alain Doyen. "Characterization of Chemical and Bacterial Compositions of Dairy Wastewaters." Dairy 2, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dairy2020016.

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The dairy industry produces large amounts of wastewater, including white and cleaning wastewater originating principally from rinsing and cleaning-in-place procedures. Their valorization into process water and non-fat milk solids, in the case of white wastewater, or the renewal of cleaning solutions could be achieved using pressure-driven membrane processes. However, it is crucial to determine the intrinsic characteristics of wastewaters, such as proximate composition and bacterial composition, to optimize their potential for valorization. Consequently, white and cleaning wastewaters were sampled from industrial-scale pasteurizers located in two different Canadian dairy processing plants. Bacterial profiles of dairy wastewaters were compared to those of tap waters, pasteurized skim milk and unused cleaning solutions. The results showed that the physicochemical characteristics as well as non-fat milk solids contents differed drastically between the two dairy plants due to different processing conditions. A molecular approach combining quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and metabarcoding was used to characterize the bacteria present in these solutions. The cleaning solutions did not contain sufficient genomic DNA for sequencing. In white wastewater, the bacterial contamination differed depending on the dairy plant (6.91 and 7.21 log10 16S gene copies/mL). Psychrotrophic Psychrobacter genus (50%) dominated white wastewater from plant A, whereas thermophilic Anoxybacillus genus (56%) was predominant in plant B wastewater. The use of cold or warm temperatures during the pasteurizer rinsing step in each dairy plant might explain this difference. The detailed characterization of dairy wastewaters described in this study is important for the dairy sector to clearly identify the challenges in implementing strategies for wastewater valorization.
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Webb, L. J. "Characteristics of Paper/Board Mill Wastewaters Relevant to Anaerobic Treatment." Water Science and Technology 17, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1985.0002.

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Apart from the inherent amenability of the organics present to anaerobic fermentation, a number of other factors are important to the technical and economic viability of the overall process. These include wastewater strength, wastewater temperature, the nature of suspended solids present and the presence of toxic materials, notably sulphates/sulphides and biocides. Analytical data is presented from various Pira research projects, describing the composition of UK mill wastewaters in terms of BOD/COD/DOC, suspended solids, the speciation of dissolved organics (eg carbohydrates, fatty acids) and inorganic sulphur compounds. In the context of anaerobic treatment, this is then discussed in terms of in-mill microbiological activity, the extent of water system closure and the type of sizing system employed.
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Wang, Qing, Wen Yu Zhao, Bang Ding Ma, Yu Wu, and Kang Huai Liu. "Characteristics and Hazard of the Wastewater from the City Garbage Transfer Stations." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 2919–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.2919.

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Nine wastewater samples of waste transfer stations had been gathered and analysis in Guilin city. The results indicate that all sewage belongs to high concentration organic wastewater originating from the waste transfer stations. The average value of wastewater’s COD is 5759mg/L and the maximum value is nearly 28000 mg/L. Its organic pollutants are mainly related to the residues of animals and plants. The content of lead(Pb), Chromium (Cr) and other toxic heavy metals in the wastewater could be 10 times higher than emissions standards, and especially total phosphorus’(TP) content could reach to more than 20 times of discharge standard. In order to protect the environmental quality in the vicinity of them and normally operating of the urban sewage treatment plants, it is necessary that these wastewater should be treated alone. A proposal is that integrated equipment should be made by using some technologies combined biology with membrane separation. Through disperse treatment by the equipment, urban sewage transfer stations could be reused or discharged on standard.
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Cséfalvay, Edit, Péter Imre, and Péter Mizsey. "Applicability of nanofiltration and reverse osmosis for the treatment of wastewater of different origin." Open Chemistry 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2008): 277–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-008-0026-3.

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AbstractMembrane separations are finding greater use in wastewater treatment because of their efficiency. In order to prove the effectiveness of membrane filtration an applicability study is carried out. Nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes are tested under quite different conditions to reduce the chemical oxygen demands (COD) of wastewaters to meet the Council Directive 76/464/EEC release limit. Two kinds of real wastewaters were selected for the investigation. The wastewaters represent extreme different circumstances since the difference between their COD is two orders of magnitude. All of the membranes tested can be applied either to the treatment of wastewater of high COD (pharmaceutical wastewater) or wastewater of low COD (dumpsite leachate), since the different conditions do not change the membrane characteristics. The experimental data show that none of the membranes can decrease the COD to the release limit in one step. However, if two-stage filtrations (nanofiltration followed by reverse osmosis) are accomplished for both of the wastewaters, a total COD reduction of 94% can be achieved. With the application of the two-stage filtration the COD of the wastewater of low COD can be decreased below the release limit but in case of wastewater of the high COD further treatment will be required.
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Von Sperling, M. "Wastewater Characteristics, Treatment and Disposal." Water Intelligence Online 6 (December 30, 2015): 9781780402086. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/9781780402086.

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Eremektar, G., O. Tünay, D. Orhon, and E. Gönenç. "The pollution profile of alcohol distilleries treating beet sugar molasses." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 12 (December 1, 1995): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0485.

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Fermentation of molasses and refining the produced alcohol by distillation is a common agroindustrial activity. The wastewaters originating from the process, especially the spent mash, are highly concentrated and contain TDS of over 50,000 mg/l as well as organic matter. Character of wastewaters varies with production application which affects the treatability characteristics. In this study four alcohol distillery plants treating beet sugar molasses are investigated to assess production applications and wastewater characteristics. Process profiles for three major modes of operation are prepared. Use of open steam and recycle of spent mash was calculated to affect the wastewater volume up to 25%. COD load is found to be practically unchanged with recycle while TDS increased significantly. Nature of COD and treatability characteristics are also expected to vary with recycle.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS"

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Perera, Kuruppu Arachchige Kalyani, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and of Science Food and Horticulture School. "Characteristics of a developing biofilm in a petrochemical wastewater treatment plant." THESIS_CSTE_SFH_Perera_K.xml, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/777.

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A study was undertaken to investigate developing biofilms in a petrochemical wastewater treatment plant encompassing the architecture, microflora and the chemical nature of the matrix. Biofilms were developed on glass slides immersed in the activated sludge unit and analysed at known time intervals using a range of techniques. Initially, biofilms were investigated using conventional and emerging microscopic approaches to select a suitable technique. Scanning Confocal Laser Microscopy (SCLM) allowed visualisation of biofilms in situ with minimal background interference and non-destructive and optical sectioning which were amenable to quantitative computer-enhanced microscopy. SCLM was superior over Light microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy. This study demonstrated biofilm growth, presence of extracellular polymer substances (EPS) in early biofilms associated with cells and the development of porous nature of mature biofilms including channel-like structures. Overall new information has been obtained on developing biofilms in an Australian petrochemical wastewater treatment plant
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) (Biological Sciences)
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Smith, Lynn C. "Mixing characteristics of the contact process and anaerobic filter." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315667.

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Simsek, Halis. "Fate and Characteristics of Dissolved Organic Nitrogen through Wastewater Treatment Systems." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26650.

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Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) represents a significant portion (25-80%) of total dissolved nitrogen in the final effluent of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). DON in treated wastewater, once degraded, causes oxygen depletion and/or eutrophication in receiving waters and should be reduced prior to discharge. Biodegradability, bioavailability, and photodegradability are important characteristics of wastewater derived DON and are subjects of research in this dissertation. Four research tasks were performed. In the first task, laboratory-scale chemostat experiments were conducted to examine whether solids retention time (SRT) could be used to control DON and biodegradable DON (BDON) in treated wastewater. Nine different SRTs from 0.3 to 13 were studied. There was no correlation between effluent DON and SRTs. However, BDONs at SRTs of 0.3 to 4 days were comparable and had a decreasing trend with SRTs after that. These results indicate the benefit of high SRTs in term of producing effluent with less BDON. The second task was a comprehensive year-round data collection to study the fate of DON and BDON through the treatment train of a trickling filter (TF) WWTP. The plant removed substantial amounts of DON (62%) and BDON (76%) mainly through the biological process. However, the discharged concentrations in the effluent were still high enough to be critical for a stringent total nitrogen discharge limit (below 5 mg-N/L). Evolution of bioavailable DON (ABDON) along the treatment trains of activated sludge (AS) and TF WWTPs and relationship between ABDON and BDON were examined in the third task. ABDON exerted from a combination of bacteria and algae inocula was higher than algae inoculated ABDON and bacteria inoculated BDON suggesting the use of algae as a treatment organism along with bacteria to minimize effluent DON. The TF and AS WWTPs removed 88% and 64% of ABDON, respectively. In the last task, photodegradable DON (PDON) in primary wastewater and final effluent from TF and AS WWTPs was studied. PDON and BDON fractions of DON data in the final effluent of TF and AS WWTP samples elucidate that photodegradation is as critically important as biodegradation when mineralization of effluent DON is a concern in receiving waters.
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Perera, Kuruppu Arachchige Kalyani. "Characteristics of a developing biofilm in a petrochemical wastewater treatment plant." Thesis, View thesis, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/777.

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A study was undertaken to investigate developing biofilms in a petrochemical wastewater treatment plant encompassing the architecture, microflora and the chemical nature of the matrix. Biofilms were developed on glass slides immersed in the activated sludge unit and analysed at known time intervals using a range of techniques. Initially, biofilms were investigated using conventional and emerging microscopic approaches to select a suitable technique. Scanning Confocal Laser Microscopy (SCLM) allowed visualisation of biofilms in situ with minimal background interference and non-destructive and optical sectioning which were amenable to quantitative computer-enhanced microscopy. SCLM was superior over Light microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy. This study demonstrated biofilm growth, presence of extracellular polymer substances (EPS) in early biofilms associated with cells and the development of porous nature of mature biofilms including channel-like structures. Overall new information has been obtained on developing biofilms in an Australian petrochemical wastewater treatment plant
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Perera, Kuruppu Arachchige Kalyani. "Characteristics of a developing biofilm in a petrochemical wastewater treatment plant /." View thesis, 2003. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20060516.122048/index.html.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) (Biological Sciences) -- University of Western Sydney, 2003.
"Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, University of Western Sydney, July 2003". Includes bibliography : leaves 253 - 276.
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Odize, Victory Oghenerabome. "Diffuser Fouling Mitigation, Wastewater Characteristics And Treatment Technology impact on Aeration Efficiency." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82852.

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Achieving energy neutrality has shifted focus towards aeration systems optimization, due to the high energy consumption of aeration processes in modern advanced wastewater treatment plants. The activated sludge wastewater treatment process is dependent on aeration efficiency which supplies the oxygen needed in the treatment process. The process is a complex heterogeneous mixture of microorganisms, bacteria, particles, colloids, natural organic matter, polymers and cations with varying densities, shapes and sizes. These activated sludge parameters have different impacts on aeration efficiency defined by the OTE, % and alpha. Oxygen transfer efficiency (OTE) is the mass of oxygen transferred into the liquid from the mass of air or oxygen supplied, and is expressed as a percentage (%). OTE is the actual operating efficiency of an aeration system. The alpha Factor (α) is the ratio of standard oxygen transfer efficiency at process conditions (αSOTE) to standard oxygen transfer efficiency of clean water (SOTE). It is also referred to as the ratio of process water volumetric mass transfer coefficient to clean water volumetric mass transfer coefficient. The alpha factor accounts for wastewater contaminants (i.e. soap and detergent) which have an adverse effect on oxygen transfer efficiency. Understanding their different impacts and how different treatment technologies affect aeration efficiency will help to optimize and improve aeration efficiency so as to reduce plant operating costs. A pilot scale study of fine pore diffuser fouling and mitigation, quantified by dynamic wet pressure (DWP), oxygen transfer efficiency and alpha measurement were performed at Blue Plains, Washington DC. In the study a mechanical cleaning method, reverse flexing (RF), was used to treat two diffusers (RF1, RF2) to mitigate fouling, while two diffusers were kept as a control with no reverse flexing. A 45 % increase in DWP of the control diffuser after 17 month of operation was observed, an indication of fouling. RF treated diffusers (RF1 and RF2) did not show any significant increase in DWP, and in comparison to the control diffuser prevented a 35 % increase in DWP. Hence, the RF fouling mitigation technique potentially saved blower energy consumption by reducing the pressure burden on the air blower and the blower energy requirement. However, no significant impact of the RF fouling mitigation treatment technique in preventing a decrease in alpha-fouling (𝝰F) of the fine pore diffusers over time of operation was observed. This was because either the RF treatment method maintained wide pore openings after cleaning over time, or a dominant effect of other wastewater characteristics such as the surfactant concentration or particulate COD could have interfered with OTE. Further studies on the impact of wastewater characteristics (i.e., surfactants and particulate COD) and operating conditions on OTE and alpha were carried out in another series of pilot and batch scale tests. In this study, the influence of different wastewater matrices (treatment phases) on oxygen transfer efficiency (OTE) and alpha using full-scale studies at the Blue Plains Treatment Plant was investigated. A strong relationship between the wastewater matrices with oxygen transfer characteristics was established, and as expected increased alphas were observed for the cleanest wastewater matrices (i.e., with highest effluent quality). There was a 46 % increase in alpha as the total COD and surfactant concentrations decreased from 303 to 24 mgCOD/L and 12 to 0.3 mg/L measured as sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) in the nitrification/denitrification effluent with respect to the raw influent. The alpha improvement with respect to the decrease in COD and surfactant concentration suggested the impact of one or more of the wastewater characteristics on OTE and alpha. Batch testing conducted to characterize the mechanistic impact of the wastewater contaminants present in the different wastewater matrices found that the major contaminants influencing OTE and alpha were surfactants and particulate/colloidal material. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kLa) measurements from the test also identified surfactant and colloidal COD as the major wastewater contaminants present in the influent and chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) effluent wastewaters impacting OTE and alpha. Soluble COD was observed to potentially improve OTE and alpha due to its contribution in enhancing the oxygen uptake rate (OUR). Although the indirect positive impact of OUR on alpha observed in this study contradicts some other studies, it shows the need for further investigation of OUR impacts on oxygen transfer. Importantly, the mechanistic characterization and quantitative correlation between wastewater contaminants and aeration efficiency found in this study will help to minimize overdesign with respect to aeration system specification, energy wastage, and hence the cost of operation. This study therefore shows new tools as well as the identification of critical factors impacting OTE and alpha in addition to diffuser fouling. Gas transfer depression caused by surfactants when they accumulate at the gas-liquid interface during the activated sludge wastewater treatment process reduces oxygen mass transfer rates, OTE and alpha which increases energy cost. In order to address the adverse effect of surfactants on OTE and alpha, another study was designed to evaluate 4 different wastewater secondary treatment strategies/technologies that enhances surfactant removal through enhanced biosorption and biodegradation, and to also determine their effect on oxygen transfer and alpha. A series of pilot and batch scale tests were conducted to compare and correlate surfactant removal efficiency and alpha for a) conventional high-rate activated sludge (HRAS), b) optimized HRAS with contactor-stabilization technology (HRAS-CS), c) optimized HRAS bioaugmented (Bioaug) with nitrification sludge (Nit S) and d) optimized bioaugmented HRAS with an anaerobic selector phase technology (An-S) reactor system configuration. The treatment technologies showed surfactant percentage removals of 37, 45, 61 and 87 %, and alphas of 0.37 ±0.01, 0.42 ±0.02, 0.44 ±0.01 and 0.60 ±0.02 for conventional HRAS, HRAS-CS, Bioaug and the An-S reactor system configuration, respectively. The optimized bioaugmented anaerobic selector phase technology showed the highest increased surfactant removal (135 %) through enhanced surfactant biosorption and biodegradation under anaerobic conditions, which also complemented the highest increased alpha (62 %) achieved when compared to the conventional HRAS. This study showed that the optimized bioaugmented anaerobic selector phase reactor system configuration is a promising technology or strategy to minimize the surfactant effects on alpha during the secondary aeration treatment stage
Ph. D.
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Zhang, Tong, and 張彤. "Characteristics of sulfate-reducing bacteria biofilm and other microbial communities in wastewater treatment." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31242686.

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Zhang, Tong. "Characteristics of sulfate-reducing bacteria biofilm and other microbial communities in wastewater treatment." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2327279x.

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Forbes, Donna J. "Characteristics and treatment of wastewater generated during underwater hull cleaning operations of U.S. Navy ships." Thesis, Springfield, Va. : Available from National Technical Information Service, 1996. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA319755.

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Smith, Stephanie. "An evaluation of the physical and demographic characteristics contributing to on-site sewage management system failure in metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/55041.

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When designed, installed, and maintained properly, septic systems provide a cost-effective and environmentally-sound method to treat domestic wastewater. However, poor installation, unsuitable site conditions, and infrequent maintenance can lead to system failure and the discharge of partially-treated effluent to local waterways. As many as 1%, or 4,000 systems, fail each year in the Atlanta area. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate what social and physical factors are significant to the location of on-site sewage management system failures in Cherokee County, Georgia. A regression analysis of the septic system failure rate, which was estimated with repair permit records from the local Board of Health, with Census demographics, soil, and septic system information found that the percent of soils in the “A” hydrologic group, unemployment rate, percent African-American population, population density, household size, percent of homes built between 1980 and 1989, percent built between 1970 and 1979, percent built between 1940 and 1949, and the average lot size of the parcels issued a repair permit were statistically-significant (p < 0.05) indicators of the failure rate at the Census block group level. The inclusion of socioeconomic, environmental, and physical characteristics suggests that the most effective response to reduce failures will incorporate actions to address these significant elements collectively. Despite restrictions on the ability of the Georgia Department of Public Health to regulate maintenance, many policy options are available to proactively identify areas with the greatest likelihood of failure and reduce the incidence of failure in those areas. Greater collaboration between stakeholders, including the county Board of Health and utility providers, improved record-keeping, and education and incentive programs provide the best opportunities to improve the management of septic systems in local jurisdictions.
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Books on the topic "WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS"

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Services, Dearborn Environmental Consulting, and Canada. Environmental Protection Programs Directorate. Industrial Programs Branch., eds. Prediction of wastewater characteristics from alkaline combustion wastes. Ottawa, Ont: Environment Canada, 1988.

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Cleasby, Thomas E. Effluent mixing characteristics below four wastewater-treatment facilities in southwestern Montana, 1997. Helena, Mont: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1999.

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Cleasby, Thomas E. Effluent mixing characteristics below four wastewater-treatment facilities in southwestern Montana, 1997. Helena, Mont: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1999.

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Sumner, D. M. Hydraulic characteristics and nutrient transport and transformation beneath a rapid infiltration basin, Reedy Creek Improvement District, Orange County, Florida. Tallahassee, Fla: U.S. Geological Survey, 1996.

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P, Huang C., and Water Environment Research Foundation, eds. Chemical characteristics and solids uptake of heavy metals in wastewater treatment: Project 93-CTS-1. Alexandria, VA: Water Environment Research Foundation, 2000.

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Sperling, Marcos Von. Wastewater Characteristics, Treatment and Disposal. IWA Publishing, 2007.

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Wastewater Characteristics, Treatment and Disposal: Biological Wastewater Treatment Series Volume 1 (Biological Wastewater Treatment Series). IWA Publishing, 2007.

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Gu, April Z. Bioavailability and Characteristics of Dissolved Organic Nutrients in Wastewater Effluents. IWA Publishing, 2015.

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Chemical characteristics and solids uptake of heavy metals in wastewater treatment. Alexandria, VA: Water Environment Research Foundation, 1999.

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Chemical Characteristics and Solids Uptake of Heavy Metals in Wastewater Treatment (D93013). Water Environment Research, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS"

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Verma, Subhash, Varinder S. Kanwar, and Siby John. "Wastewater Characteristics." In Environmental Engineering, 307–21. New York: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003231264-21.

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Yan, S., S. Bala Subramanian, R. D. Tyagi, and R. Y. Surampalli. "Wastewater Sludge Characteristics." In Sustainable Sludge Management, 6–36. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784410516.ch02.

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Verma, Subhash. "Characteristics of Wastewater." In Water and Wastewater Engineering Technology, 381–98. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003347941-28.

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Eltaweel, Reem M., Shima Husien, Alyaa I. Salim, Nagwan G. Mostafa, Khloud Ahmed, Irene Samy Fahim, Lobna A. Said, and Ahmed G. Radwan. "Adsorption as an Emerging Technology and Its New Advances of Eco-Friendly Characteristics." In Wastewater Treatment, 89–152. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003354475-4.

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Spellman, Frank R. "Characteristics of Wastewater and Drinking Water Industries." In Fundamentals of Public Utilities Management, 55–66. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2021.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003089599-4.

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Wilson, Melissa L., Suresh Niraula, and Erin L. Cortus. "Nutrient Characteristics of Swine Manure and Wastewater." In Animal Manure, 89–113. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/asaspecpub67.c6.

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Şentürk, Esra, Gülsüm Atasoy, and Pınar Şanlıbaba. "Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria: Biochemical and Molecular Characteristics." In Anammox Technology in Industrial Wastewater Treatment, 11–33. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3459-1_2.

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Tasnim, Gulafshan, Mohd Dawood Khan, Izharul Haq Farooqi, and Farrukh Basheer. "Sources, Characteristics, Treatment Technologies and Disposal Methods for Faecal Sludge." In Management of Wastewater and Sludge, 297–337. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003202431-16.

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Abushanab, Abdelrahman, and Wael Alnahhal. "Characteristics of Concrete Made with Treated Domestic Wastewater." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 231–35. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6932-3_20.

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Ødegaard, Hallvard, Svein Grutle, and Harsha Ratnaweera. "An Analysis of Floc Separation Characteristics in Chemical Wastewater Treatment." In Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment II, 97–114. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77827-8_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS"

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Jianwei Liu and Wenlin Ma. "Characteristics of airborne microorganisms in wastewater treatment plant." In 2011 International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering (RSETE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rsete.2011.5965401.

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Liu, Jingming, Yanyan Chen, Hui Liu, Le Shi, Zhirong Zhu, and Ji Ma. "Characteristics of Tertiary Treatment on Complex Chemical Secondary Wastewater." In 2010 International Conference on Digital Manufacturing and Automation (ICDMA). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdma.2010.402.

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Al-Mawla, Yasir M., Ali J. Jaeel, Wisaam S. Al-Rekabi, and Zahraa H. Obeid. "A review of characteristics and treatment of domestic wastewater." In CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS IN ENGINEERING: CMSAE-2021. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0149966.

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Jian, Liu, He Wang-jin, Yu Guang-ping, and Yuan Ming-zhe. "Application of the wastewater toxicity diagnosing technology based DO curve characteristics in treatment of dyeing wastewater." In 2015 IEEE International Conference on CYBER Technology in Automation, Control, and Intelligent Systems (CYBER). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cyber.2015.7288186.

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Liu, Feng-hua, Yong-hui Song, Ping Zeng, Jian-feng Peng, Shu-hu Xiao, Liang Duan, Guang-lei Qiu, Jie Ye, and Cun-yi Song. "Adsorption Characteristics of Cu2+ onto Zeolite from Pharmaceutical Industrial Wastewater." In 2011 International Conference on Computer Distributed Control and Intelligent Environmental Monitoring (CDCIEM). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdciem.2011.17.

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Chang, Sheng, Jianzheng Li, Feng Liu, and Gefu Zhu. "Performance and Characteristics of Anaerobic Baffled Reactor Treating Soybean Wastewater." In 2008 2nd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2008.1030.

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Liu, Xinyuan, Can Wang, Min Ji, and Jie Zhang. "Isolation and Characteristics of Degradation Strains of Oil Field Wastewater." In 2012 2nd International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering (RSETE). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rsete.2012.6260607.

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Hu, Xi-Quan, and Zhao-Hua Li. "Operational Characteristics of an Anaerobic Baffled Reactor Treating Low Strength Wastewater." In 2008 2nd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (ICBBE '08). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2008.1113.

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John P. Chastain, Keri Baker Cantrell, and Kathy P. Moore. "Composition and Settling Characteristics of Milking Center Wastewater: A Case Study." In 2005 Tampa, FL July 17-20, 2005. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.20040.

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Hao, Fengling, Hehua Gao, and Lei Wang. "The characteristics of Zn in highly alkaline wastewater by CO2 aerated." In 2016 4th International Conference on Machinery, Materials and Computing Technology. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icmmct-16.2016.144.

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Reports on the topic "WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS"

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Kent, T. E., J. J. Perona, H. L. Jennings, A. J. Lucero, and P. A. Taylor. Evaluation of operating characteristics for a chabazite zeolite system for treatment of process wastewater at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/631173.

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Minz, Dror, Stefan J. Green, Noa Sela, Yitzhak Hadar, Janet Jansson, and Steven Lindow. Soil and rhizosphere microbiome response to treated waste water irrigation. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598153.bard.

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Research objectives : Identify genetic potential and community structure of soil and rhizosphere microbial community structure as affected by treated wastewater (TWW) irrigation. This objective was achieved through the examination soil and rhizosphere microbial communities of plants irrigated with fresh water (FW) and TWW. Genomic DNA extracted from soil and rhizosphere samples (Minz laboratory) was processed for DNA-based shotgun metagenome sequencing (Green laboratory). High-throughput bioinformatics was performed to compare both taxonomic and functional gene (and pathway) differences between sample types (treatment and location). Identify metabolic pathways induced or repressed by TWW irrigation. To accomplish this objective, shotgun metatranscriptome (RNA-based) sequencing was performed. Expressed genes and pathways were compared to identify significantly differentially expressed features between rhizosphere communities of plants irrigated with FW and TWW. Identify microbial gene functions and pathways affected by TWW irrigation*. To accomplish this objective, we will perform a metaproteome comparison between rhizosphere communities of plants irrigated with FW and TWW and selected soil microbial activities. Integration and evaluation of microbial community function in relation to its structure and genetic potential, and to infer the in situ physiology and function of microbial communities in soil and rhizospere under FW and TWW irrigation regimes. This objective is ongoing due to the need for extensive bioinformatics analysis. As a result of the capabilities of the new PI, we have also been characterizing the transcriptome of the plant roots as affected by the TWW irrigation and comparing the function of the plants to that of the microbiome. *This original objective was not achieved in the course of this study due to technical issues, especially the need to replace the American PIs during the project. However, the fact we were able to analyze more than one plant system as a result of the abilities of the new American PI strengthened the power of the conclusions derived from studies for the 1ˢᵗ and 2ⁿᵈ objectives. Background: As the world population grows, more urban waste is discharged to the environment, and fresh water sources are being polluted. Developing and industrial countries are increasing the use of wastewater and treated wastewater (TWW) for agriculture practice, thus turning the waste product into a valuable resource. Wastewater supplies a year- round reliable source of nutrient-rich water. Despite continuing enhancements in TWW quality, TWW irrigation can still result in unexplained and undesirable effects on crops. In part, these undesirable effects may be attributed to, among other factors, to the effects of TWW on the plant microbiome. Previous studies, including our own, have presented the TWW effect on soil microbial activity and community composition. To the best of our knowledge, however, no comprehensive study yet has been conducted on the microbial population associated BARD Report - Project 4662 Page 2 of 16 BARD Report - Project 4662 Page 3 of 16 with plant roots irrigated with TWW – a critical information gap. In this work, we characterize the effect of TWW irrigation on root-associated microbial community structure and function by using the most innovative tools available in analyzing bacterial community- a combination of microbial marker gene amplicon sequencing, microbial shotunmetagenomics (DNA-based total community and gene content characterization), microbial metatranscriptomics (RNA-based total community and gene content characterization), and plant host transcriptome response. At the core of this research, a mesocosm experiment was conducted to study and characterize the effect of TWW irrigation on tomato and lettuce plants. A focus of this study was on the plant roots, their associated microbial communities, and on the functional activities of plant root-associated microbial communities. We have found that TWW irrigation changes both the soil and root microbial community composition, and that the shift in the plant root microbiome associated with different irrigation was as significant as the changes caused by the plant host or soil type. The change in microbial community structure was accompanied by changes in the microbial community-wide functional potential (i.e., gene content of the entire microbial community, as determined through shotgun metagenome sequencing). The relative abundance of many genes was significantly different in TWW irrigated root microbiome relative to FW-irrigated root microbial communities. For example, the relative abundance of genes encoding for transporters increased in TWW-irrigated roots increased relative to FW-irrigated roots. Similarly, the relative abundance of genes linked to potassium efflux, respiratory systems and nitrogen metabolism were elevated in TWW irrigated roots when compared to FW-irrigated roots. The increased relative abundance of denitrifying genes in TWW systems relative FW systems, suggests that TWW-irrigated roots are more anaerobic compare to FW irrigated root. These gene functional data are consistent with geochemical measurements made from these systems. Specifically, the TWW irrigated soils had higher pH, total organic compound (TOC), sodium, potassium and electric conductivity values in comparison to FW soils. Thus, the root microbiome genetic functional potential can be correlated with pH, TOC and EC values and these factors must take part in the shaping the root microbiome. The expressed functions, as found by the metatranscriptome analysis, revealed many genes that increase in TWW-irrigated plant root microbial population relative to those in the FW-irrigated plants. The most substantial (and significant) were sodium-proton antiporters and Na(+)-translocatingNADH-quinoneoxidoreductase (NQR). The latter protein uses the cell respiratory machinery to harness redox force and convert the energy for efflux of sodium. As the roots and their microbiomes are exposed to the same environmental conditions, it was previously hypothesized that understanding the soil and rhizospheremicrobiome response will shed light on natural processes in these niches. This study demonstrate how newly available tools can better define complex processes and their downstream consequences, such as irrigation with water from different qualities, and to identify primary cues sensed by the plant host irrigated with TWW. From an agricultural perspective, many common practices are complicated processes with many ‘moving parts’, and are hard to characterize and predict. Multiple edaphic and microbial factors are involved, and these can react to many environmental cues. These complex systems are in turn affected by plant growth and exudation, and associated features such as irrigation, fertilization and use of pesticides. However, the combination of shotgun metagenomics, microbial shotgun metatranscriptomics, plant transcriptomics, and physical measurement of soil characteristics provides a mechanism for integrating data from highly complex agricultural systems to eventually provide for plant physiological response prediction and monitoring. BARD Report
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Lindfors, Axel, and Roozbeh Feiz. The current Nordic biogas and biofertilizer potential: An inventory of established feedstock and current technology. Linköping University Electronic Press, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/9789180752558.

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Biogas solutions in the Nordics is undergoing rapid developments and the demand for biogas is ever increasing because of the Russian war on Ukraine and the transition to fossil free industry and transportation. Furthermore, with the introduction of several multi-national companies into the biogas sector in the Nordics and with more and more biomethane being traded across national borders, it becomes increasingly important to view biogas solutions in the Nordics as a whole and to go beyond the confines of each individual nation. Since the transition and the current energy crisis require a quick response, understanding what could be done with current technologies and established substrates is important to guide decision-making in the short-term. This study aims to do just that by presenting the current biogas potential for the Nordics, including Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. The potential was estimated for eight categories: food waste, manure, food industry waste, sludge from wastewater treatment, landscaping waste, straw, agricultural residues, and crops with negligible indirect land use effects (such as ley crops and intermediary crops). Two categories were excluded due to a lack of appropriate estimation procedures and time to develop such procedures, and these were marine substrates and forest industry waste. Furthermore, several categories are somewhat incomplete due to lack of data on the availability of substrates and their biogas characteristics. These include, for example, crops grown on Ecological focus areas, excess ley silage, damaged crops, and certain types of food industries. The specifics of each category is further detailed in Section 2 of the report. In the report, the biogas potential includes the biomethane potential, the nutrient potential, and the carbon dioxide production potential, capturing all outputs of a biogas plant. The results of the potential study show that the current biomethane potential for the Nordics is about 39 TWh (140 PJ) per year when considering the included biomass categories in the short-term perspective. In relation to current production, realizing this potential would mean a roughly fourfold increase in yearly production, meaning that a significant unexploited potential remains. On the nutrient side, the biogas system in the Nordics would, given the realization of the estimated potential, be of roughly the same size as current mineral fertilizer use (about 75 percent for nitrogen and 160 percent for phosphorous). While this represents the management of a significant portion of nutrients used in agriculture, the potential to replace or reduce mineral fertilizer use through biogas expansion remains unexplored in this study since a significant portion of nutrients come from biomass that is already used as fertilizer (e.g., manure). Finally, on the carbon dioxide side, about 4.2 million tonnes of carbon dioxide would be produced, which could be either captured and stored or captured and utilized, thereby further increasing the positive environmental effects associated with biogas solutions. In conclusion, there remains a large unexploited biogas potential in the Nordics, even when only considering current technologies and established feedstock that could be realized in the short-term (the theoretical potential is much larger since many substrate categories are excluded and the potential is limited to established technologies). Such a realization would bring large increases to biomethane production but would also mean that a significant amount of nutrients would be recirculated through the biogas system. This means that the biogas system has a key role to play in increasing both the food and energy security in the Nordic countries, in addition to its many positive environmental effects.
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Effluent mixing characteristics below four wastewater-treatment facilities in southwestern Montana, 1997. US Geological Survey, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri994026.

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Characteristics of a ground-water plume derived from artificial recharge with reclaimed wastewater at East Meadow, Long Island, New York. US Geological Survey, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri914118.

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